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Tang X, Peng H, Xu P, Zhang L, Fu R, Tu H, Guo X, Huang K, Lu J, Chen H, Dong Z, Dai L, Luo J, Chen Q. Synthetic mRNA-based gene therapy for glioblastoma: TRAIL-mRNA synergistically enhances PTEN-mRNA-based therapy. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 24:707-718. [PMID: 35317516 PMCID: PMC8913249 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2022.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is characterized as having high molecular heterogeneity and complexity, which can be well revealed by genomic study. A truly effective treatment for GBM should flexibly address its heterogeneities, complexity, and strong drug resistance. This study was performed to explore the effectiveness of an mRNA-based therapeutic strategy using in vitro synthesized PTEN-mRNA and TRAIL-mRNA in tumor cells derived from PTEN-deletion patients. The PTEN gene alterations were revealed by whole-exome sequencing of three paired clinical GBMs and selected as the therapy target. Patient-derived primary glioblastoma stem cells (GBM2) and a DBTRG-cell-derived xenograft were used to detect mRNA's cytotoxicity in vitro and tumor suppression in vivo. Following the successful in vitro synthesis of PTEN-mRNA and TRAIL-mRNA, the combinational treatment of PTEN-mRNA and TRAIL-mRNA significantly suppressed tumor growth compared with treatment with PBS (96.4%), PTEN-mRNA (89.7%), and TRAIL-mRNA (84.5%). The combinational application of PTEN-mRNA and TRAIL-mRNA showed synergistic inhibition of tumor growth, and the JNK pathway might be the major mechanism involved. This study provided a basis for an mRNA-based therapeutic strategy to be developed into an effective patient-tailored treatment for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjun Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 9 Zhangzhidong Road and 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Hao Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- The 7th affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, ShenZhen, Guandong 510275, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Rui Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Hanjun Tu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Xingrong Guo
- Hubei KeyLaboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Kuanming Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Junti Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Hu Chen
- Medical Imaging Center, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China
| | - Zhiqiang Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Longjun Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Qianxue Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 9 Zhangzhidong Road and 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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Wei X, Zhang B, Liang X, Liu C, Xia T, Xie Y, Deng X, Tan X. Higenamine alleviates allergic rhinitis by activating AKT1 and suppressing the EGFR/JAK2/c-JUN signaling. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 86:153565. [PMID: 33945919 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an inflammatory, immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated disease characterized by the typical symptoms of sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal itching, and congestion. Higenamine (HG) is a plant-based alkaloid, possesses a wide range of activities, including vascular and tracheal relaxation, antioxidative, antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory activities. So far, the effect and the underlying mechanism of HG on AR have not been studied. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of HG on AR and investigate its underlying mechanism. METHODS The effects of HG on AR were evaluated in an ovalbumin-induced AR mouse model. Network pharmacology-based methods such as target prediction, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, pathway analysis, and molecular docking were used to identify the likely HG targets. Finally, we validated the mechanism of action of HG through its effects on these targets in human nasal epithelial cells (HNEpCs). RESULTS Oral administration of 30, 60, and 120 mg/kg HG significantly alleviated rubbing and sneezing in AR mice and attenuated histopathological changes in the lung and nasal tissues. Additionally, HG reduced the levels of IgE, histamine, and IL-4 in the serum of AR mice, and regulated imbalance in Th1/Th2 cells. Using network pharmacology-based methods, we identified 29 HG targets related to AR. These targets are mainly involved in the PD-L1, relaxin, estrogen, HIF-1, Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation, T cell receptor, and the Th17 cell differentiation signaling pathways. Molecular docking showed that HG may well be suited to the receptor binding pockets of key target AKT1, EGFR, c-Jun, NOS2, and JAK2. In HNEpCs, HG inhibited the histamine-induced mRNA expression and secretion of interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-8, as well as the expression of MUC5AC and the phosphorylation of NF-κB. Moreover, HG affected the changes of AKT1, EGFR, c-Jun, iNOS, and JAK2 induced by histamine. CONCLUSION Overall, our results suggest that HG may alleviate AR by activating AKT1 and suppressing the EGFR/JAK2/c-JUN signaling. HG, therefore, has great potential as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Wei
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangzhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Baoping Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangzhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guilin Medical University. Guilin, China. 541199
| | - Changshun Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangzhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ting Xia
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangzhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yingjie Xie
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xue Deng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaomei Tan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangzhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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3
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Wolin IAV, Heinrich IA, Nascimento APM, Welter PG, Sosa LDV, De Paul AL, Zanotto-Filho A, Nedel CB, Lima LD, Osterne VJS, Pinto-Junior VR, Nascimento KS, Cavada BS, Leal RB. ConBr lectin modulates MAPKs and Akt pathways and triggers autophagic glioma cell death by a mechanism dependent upon caspase-8 activation. Biochimie 2020; 180:186-204. [PMID: 33171216 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is the most aggressive type of glioma, with limited treatment and poor prognosis. Despite some advances over the last decade, validation of novel and selective antiglioma agents remains a challenge in clinical pharmacology. Prior studies have shown that leguminous lectins may exert various biological effects, including antitumor properties. Accordingly, this study aimed to evaluate the mechanisms underlying the antiglioma activity of ConBr, a lectin extracted from the Canavalia brasiliensis seeds. ConBr at lower concentrations inhibited C6 glioma cell migration while higher levels promoted cell death dependent upon carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) structure. ConBr increased p38MAPK and JNK and decreased ERK1/2 and Akt phosphorylation. Moreover, ConBr inhibited mTORC1 phosphorylation associated with accumulation of autophagic markers, such as acidic vacuoles and LC3 cleavage. Inhibition of early steps of autophagy with 3-methyl-adenine (3-MA) partially protected whereas the later autophagy inhibitor Chloroquine (CQ) had no protective effect upon ConBr cytotoxicity. ConBr also augmented caspase-3 activation without affecting mitochondrial function. Noteworthy, the caspase-8 inhibitor IETF-fmk attenuated ConBr induced autophagy and C6 glioma cell death. Finally, ConBr did not show cytotoxicity against primary astrocytes, suggesting a selective antiglioma activity. In summary, our results indicate that ConBr requires functional CRD lectin domain to exert antiglioma activity, and its cytotoxicity is associated with MAPKs and Akt pathways modulation and autophagy- and caspase-8- dependent cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid A V Wolin
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Programa de Pós-graduação Em Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Isabella A Heinrich
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Programa de Pós-graduação Em Neurociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula M Nascimento
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Programa de Pós-graduação Em Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Priscilla G Welter
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Programa de Pós-graduação Em Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Liliana Del V Sosa
- Centro de Microscopía Electrónica, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de La Salud (INICSA), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ana Lucia De Paul
- Centro de Microscopía Electrónica, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de La Salud (INICSA), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Alfeu Zanotto-Filho
- Departamento de Farmacologia e Programa de Pós-graduação Em Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Beatriz Nedel
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Laboratório de Biologia Celular de Gliomas, Programa de Pós-graduação Em Biologia Celular e Do Desenvolvimento, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Lara Dias Lima
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, BioMolLab, Universidade Federal Do Ceará, CEP, 60020-181, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Jose Silva Osterne
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, BioMolLab, Universidade Federal Do Ceará, CEP, 60020-181, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Kyria S Nascimento
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, BioMolLab, Universidade Federal Do Ceará, CEP, 60020-181, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Benildo S Cavada
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, BioMolLab, Universidade Federal Do Ceará, CEP, 60020-181, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo B Leal
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Programa de Pós-graduação Em Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica e Programa de Pós-graduação Em Neurociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Contribution Value of Akt, c-Myc, CIP2A, and PP2A Genes Expression in Leukemogenesis: A Bright Perspective on the Molecular Pattern of Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER MANAGEMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.5812/ijcm.100223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Zhang J, Liu Y, Yao W, Li Q, Liu H, Pan Z. Initiation of follicular atresia: gene networks during early atresia in pig ovaries. Reproduction 2018; 156:23-33. [PMID: 29743261 DOI: 10.1530/rep-18-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, more than 99% of ovarian follicles undergo a degenerative process known as atresia. The molecular events involved in atresia initiation remain incompletely understood. The objective of this study was to analyze differential gene expression profiles of medium antral ovarian follicles during early atresia in pig. The transcriptome evaluation was performed on cDNA microarrays using healthy and early atretic follicle samples and was validated by quantitative PCR. Annotation analysis applying current database (Sus scrofa 11.1) revealed 450 significantly differential expressed genes between healthy and early atretic follicles. Among them, 142 were significantly upregulated in early atretic with respect to healthy group and 308 were downregulated. Similar expression trends were observed between microarray data and quantitative RT-PCR confirmation, which indicated the reliability of the microarray analysis. Further analysis of the differential expressed genes revealed the most significantly affected biological functions during early atresia including blood vessel development, regulation of DNA-templated transcription in response to stress and negative regulation of cell adhesion. The pathway and interaction analysis suggested that atresia initiation associates with (1) a crosstalk of cell apoptosis, autophagy and ferroptosis rather than change of typical apoptosis markers, (2) dramatic shift of steroidogenic enzymes, (3) deficient glutathione metabolism and (4) vascular degeneration. The novel gene candidates and pathways identified in the current study will lead to a comprehensive view of the molecular regulation of ovarian follicular atresia and a new understanding of atresia initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wang Yao
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qifa Li
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Honglin Liu
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zengxiang Pan
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Naimi A, Movassaghpour AA, Hagh MF, Talebi M, Entezari A, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Solali S. TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) as the potential therapeutic target in hematological malignancies. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 98:566-576. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.12.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Li M, Guan H. Noncoding RNAs Regulating NF-κB Signaling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 927:317-36. [PMID: 27376741 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-1498-7_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As transcription factors that regulate expression of a variety of genes essential for diverse physiological and pathological processes, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) family molecules play important roles in the development and progression of malignant tumor, and constitutive activation of NF-κB has been evidenced in various types of tumor tissues. Underlying its pathologic role, deregulated expression and/or transactivating activity of NF-κB usually involves multiple layers of molecular mechanisms. Noncoding RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), are known to modulate expression and biological functions of regulatory proteins in a variety of cancer contexts. In this chapter, the regulatory role of miRNAs and lncRNAs in NF-κB signaling in malignant diseases will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfeng Li
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Hongyu Guan
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, China
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Combination screening in vitro identifies synergistically acting KP372-1 and cytarabine against acute myeloid leukemia. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 118:40-49. [PMID: 27565890 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cytogenetic lesions often alter kinase signaling in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and the addition of kinase inhibitors to the treatment arsenal is of interest. We have screened a kinase inhibitor library and performed combination testing to find promising drug-combinations for synergistic killing of AML cells. Cytotoxicity of 160 compounds in the library InhibitorSelect™ 384-Well Protein Kinase Inhibitor I was measured using the fluorometric microculture cytotoxicity assay (FMCA) in three AML cell lines. The 15 most potent substances were evaluated for dose-response. The 6 most cytotoxic compounds underwent combination synergy analysis based on the FMCA readouts after either simultaneous or sequential drug addition in AML cell lines. The 4 combinations showing the highest level of synergy were evaluated in 5 primary AML samples. Synergistic calculations were performed using the combination interaction analysis package COMBIA, written in R, using the Bliss independence model. Based on obtained results, an iterative combination search was performed using the therapeutic algorithmic combinatorial screen (TACS) algorithm. Of 160 substances, cell survival was ⩽50% at <0.5μM for Cdk/Crk inhibitor, KP372-1, synthetic fascaplysin, herbimycin A, PDGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor IV and reference-drug cytarabine. KP372-1, synthetic fascaplysin or herbimycin A obtained synergy when combined with cytarabine in AML cell lines MV4-11 and HL-60. KP372-1 added 24h before cytarabine gave similar results in patient cells. The iterative search gave further improved synergy between cytarabine and KP372-1. In conclusion, our in vitro studies suggest that combining KP372-1 and cytarabine is a potent and synergistic drug combination in AML.
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Shinohara ET, Lu B, Hallahan DE. The Use of Gene Therapy in Cancer Research and Treatment. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2016; 3:479-90. [PMID: 15453813 DOI: 10.1177/153303460400300509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy involves identifying a gene of interest and then manipulating the expression of this gene through a variety of techniques. Here we specifically address gene therapy's role in cancer research. This paper will encompass thoroughly investigated techniques such as cancer vaccines and suicide gene therapy and the latest advancements in and applications of these techniques. It will also cover newer techniques such as Antisense Oligonucleotides and small interfering RNAs and how these technologies are being developed and used. The use of gene therapy continues to expand in cancer research and has an integral role in the advancement of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- E T Shinohara
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University, 1301 22nd Avenue South, B-902, The Vanderbilt Clinic, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-5671, USA
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Liu XC, Gao JM, Liu S, Liu L, Wang JR, Qu XJ, Cai B, Wang SL. Targeting apoptosis is the major battle field for killing cancers. World J Transl Med 2015; 4:69-77. [DOI: 10.5528/wjtm.v4.i3.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting apoptosis is one of the major strategies for cancer therapy. Essentially, most of the conventional cancer therapeutic drugs that are in the clinical use induce apoptosis and in part necrosis of malignant cells and therefore prevent cancer progression and metastasis. Although these cytotoxic anticancer drugs are important weapons for killing cancers, their toxic side effects limited their application. The molecularly targeted therapeutics that are based on the deeper understanding of the defects in the apoptotic signaling in cancers are emerging and have shown promising anticancer activity in selectively killing cancers but not normal cells. The examples of molecular targets that are under exploration for cancer therapy include the cell surface receptors such as TNFR family death receptors, the intrinsic Bcl-2 family members and some other intracellular molecules like p53, MDM2, IAP, and Smac. The advance in the high-throughput bio-technologies has greatly accelerated the progress of cancer drug discovery.
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Marine Drugs Regulating Apoptosis Induced by Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand (TRAIL). Mar Drugs 2015; 13:6884-909. [PMID: 26580630 PMCID: PMC4663558 DOI: 10.3390/md13116884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine biomass diversity is a tremendous source of potential anticancer compounds. Several natural marine products have been described to restore tumor cell sensitivity to TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced cell death. TRAIL is involved during tumor immune surveillance. Its selectivity for cancer cells has attracted much attention in oncology. This review aims at discussing the main mechanisms by which TRAIL signaling is regulated and presenting how marine bioactive compounds have been found, so far, to overcome TRAIL resistance in tumor cells.
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Pisco AO, Huang S. Non-genetic cancer cell plasticity and therapy-induced stemness in tumour relapse: 'What does not kill me strengthens me'. Br J Cancer 2015; 112:1725-32. [PMID: 25965164 PMCID: PMC4647245 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapy resistance and tumour relapse after drug therapy are commonly explained by Darwinian selection of pre-existing drug-resistant, often stem-like cancer cells resulting from random mutations. However, the ubiquitous non-genetic heterogeneity and plasticity of tumour cell phenotype raises the question: are mutations really necessary and sufficient to promote cell phenotype changes during tumour progression? Cancer therapy inevitably spares some cancer cells, even in the absence of resistant mutants. Accumulating observations suggest that the non-killed, residual tumour cells actively acquire a new phenotype simply by exploiting their developmental potential. These surviving cells are stressed by the cytotoxic treatment, and owing to phenotype plasticity, exhibit a variety of responses. Some are pushed into nearby, latent attractor states of the gene regulatory network which resemble evolutionary ancient or early developmental gene expression programs that confer stemness and resilience. By entering such stem-like, stress-response states, the surviving cells strengthen their capacity to cope with future noxious agents. Considering non-genetic cell state dynamics and the relative ease with which surviving but stressed cells can be tipped into latent attractors provides a foundation for exploring new therapeutic approaches that seek not only to kill cancer cells but also to avoid promoting resistance and relapse that are inherently linked to the attempts to kill them.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O Pisco
- 1] Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA [2] Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - S Huang
- 1] Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA [2] Institute for Biocomplexity and Informatics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
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Cao R, Wu WJ, Zhou XL, Xiao P, Wang Y, Liu HL. Expression and preliminary functional profiling of the let-7 family during porcine ovary follicle atresia. Mol Cells 2015; 38:304-11. [PMID: 25824548 PMCID: PMC4400304 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2015.2122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Most follicles in the mammalian ovary undergo atresia. Granulosa cell apoptosis is a hallmark of follicle atresia. Our previous study using a microRNA (miRNA) microarray showed that the let-7 microRNA family was differentially expressed during follicular atresia. However, whether the let-7 miRNA family members are related to porcine (Sus scrofa) ovary follicular apoptosis is unclear. In the current study, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed that the expression levels of let-7 family members in follicles and granulosa cells were similar to our microarray data, in which miRNAs let-7a, let-7b, let-7c, and let-7i were significantly decreased in early atretic and progressively atretic porcine ovary follicles compared with healthy follicles, while let-7g was highly expressed during follicle atresia. Furthermore, flow cytometric analysis and Hoechst33342 staining demonstrated that let-7g increased the apoptotic rate of cultured granulosa cells. In addition, let-7 target genes were predicted and annotated by TargetScan, PicTar, gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathways. Our data provide new insight into the association between the let-7 miRNA family in granulosa cell programmed death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Cao
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095,
China
| | - Wang Jun Wu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095,
China
| | - Xiao Long Zhou
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095,
China
| | - Peng Xiao
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095,
China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095,
China
| | - Hong Lin Liu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095,
China
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14
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Huang H, Chen S, Van Doren J, Li D, Farichon C, He Y, Zhang Q, Zhang K, Conney AH, Goodin S, Du Z, Zheng X. α-Tomatine inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in HL-60 human myeloid leukemia cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 11:4573-8. [PMID: 25625536 PMCID: PMC4735690 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
α-tomatine is a glycoalkaloid that occurs naturally in tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum). In the present study, the effects of α-tomatine on human myeloid leukemia HL-60 cells were investigated. Treatment of HL-60 cells with α-tomatine resulted in growth inhibition and apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. Tomatidine, the aglycone of tomatine had little effect on the growth and apoptosis of HL-60 cells. Growth inhibition and apoptosis induced by α-tomatine in HL-60 cells was partially abrogated by addition of cholesterol indicating that interactions between α-tomatine and cell membrane-associated cholesterol may be important in mediating the effect of α-tomatine. Activation of nuclear factor-κB by the phorbol ester, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate failed to prevent apoptosis in HL-60 cells treated with α-tomatine. In animal experiments, it was found that treatment of mice with α-tomatine inhibited the growth of HL-60 xenografts in vivo. Results from the present study indicated that α-tomatine may have useful anti-leukemia activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huarong Huang
- Allan H. Conney Laboratory for Anticancer Research, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Shaohua Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Jeremiah Van Doren
- Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Dongli Li
- Allan H. Conney Laboratory for Anticancer Research, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Chelsea Farichon
- Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Yan He
- Allan H. Conney Laboratory for Anticancer Research, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Qiuyan Zhang
- Allan H. Conney Laboratory for Anticancer Research, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Allan H. Conney Laboratory for Anticancer Research, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Allan H Conney
- Allan H. Conney Laboratory for Anticancer Research, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Susan Goodin
- Division of Medical Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Zhiyun Du
- Allan H. Conney Laboratory for Anticancer Research, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Xi Zheng
- Allan H. Conney Laboratory for Anticancer Research, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
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15
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Bolkun L, Lemancewicz D, Jablonska E, Szumowska A, Bolkun-Skornicka U, Ratajczak-Wrona W, Dzieciol J, Kloczko J. The impact of TNF superfamily molecules on overall survival in acute myeloid leukaemia: correlation with biological and clinical features. Ann Hematol 2014; 94:35-43. [PMID: 25085377 PMCID: PMC4281378 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-014-2178-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
B cell-activating factor (BAFF), a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) and apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) were demonstrated in several haematological diseases including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Those cytokines are capable of activating a broad spectrum of intracellular signalling cascades that can either induce apoptosis or protect from programmed cell death. We have analysed BAFF, APRIL and TRAIL serum concentrations in 76 patients with newly diagnosed AML and 40 healthy volunteers. The values were significantly higher for APRIL and BAFF but lower for TRAIL compared to healthy volunteers. Induction therapy significantly reduced the values for BAFF and increased them for TRAIL. Moreover, the concentration of BAFF and APRIL was significantly lower and the concentration of TRAIL higher in a group of patients with complete remission compared to non-respondent AML patients. In addition, higher concentrations of BAFF and lower of TRAIL predicted a shorter overall survival, suggesting thereby an important prognostic marker and possible therapeutic target in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bolkun
- Department of Haematology, Medical University of Bialystok, 24a Sklodowskiej-Curie, Bialystok, 15-276, Poland,
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16
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LIU GONG, YU MINGYANG, HUANG XU, ZHU DONG, CHENG SHIHUAN, MA RENSHI, GU GUISHAN. Synergistic effect of celecoxib in tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand treatment in osteosarcoma cells. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:2198-202. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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17
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Min KJ, Seo BR, Bae YC, Yoo YH, Kwon TK. Antipsychotic agent thioridazine sensitizes renal carcinoma Caki cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis through reactive oxygen species-mediated inhibition of Akt signaling and downregulation of Mcl-1 and c-FLIP(L). Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1063. [PMID: 24556678 PMCID: PMC3944252 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Thioridazine has been known as an antipsychotic agent, but it also has anticancer activity. However, the effect of thioridazine on tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) sensitization has not yet been studied. Here, we investigated the ability of thioridazine to sensitize TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. Combined treatment with thioridazine and TRAIL markedly induced apoptosis in various human carcinoma cells, including renal carcinoma (Caki, ACHN, and A498), breast carcinoma (MDA-MB231), and glioma (U251MG) cells, but not in normal mouse kidney cells (TMCK-1) and human normal mesangial cells. We found that thioridazine downregulated c-FLIP(L) and Mcl-1 expression at the post-translational level via an increase in proteasome activity. The overexpression of c-FLIP(L) and Mcl-1 overcame thioridazine plus TRAIL-induced apoptosis. We further observed that thioridazine inhibited the Akt signaling pathway. In contrast, although other phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Akt inhibitors (LY294002 and wortmannin) sensitized TRAIL-mediated apoptosis, c-FLIP(L) and Mcl-1 expressions were not altered. Furthermore, thioridazine increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Caki cells, and ROS scavengers (N-acetylcysteine, glutathione ethyl ester, and trolox) inhibited thioridazine plus TRAIL-induced apoptosis, as well as Akt inhibition and the downregulation of c-FLIP(L) and Mcl-1. Collectively, our study demonstrates that thioridazine enhances TRAIL-mediated apoptosis via the ROS-mediated inhibition of Akt signaling and the downregulation of c-FLIP(L) and Mcl-1 at the post-translational level.
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Affiliation(s)
- K-j Min
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 704-701, South Korea
| | - B R Seo
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 704-701, South Korea
| | - Y C Bae
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-412, South Korea
| | - Y H Yoo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Mitochondria Hub Regulation Center, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan 602-714, South Korea
| | - T K Kwon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 704-701, South Korea
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18
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Meng J, Majidi M, Fang B, Ji L, Bekele BN, Minna JD, Roth JA. The tumor suppressor gene TUSC2 (FUS1) sensitizes NSCLC to the AKT inhibitor MK2206 in LKB1-dependent manner. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77067. [PMID: 24146957 PMCID: PMC3798310 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
TUSC2-defective gene expression is detected in the majority of lung cancers and is associated with worse overall survival. We analyzed the effects of TUSC2 re-expression on tumor cell sensitivity to the AKT inhibitor, MK2206, and explored their mutual signaling connections, in vitro and in vivo. TUSC2 transient expression in three LKB1-defective non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines combined with MK2206 treatment resulted in increased repression of cell viability and colony formation, and increased apoptotic activity. In contrast, TUSC2 did not affect the response to MK2206 treatment for two LKB1-wild type NSCLC cell lines. In vivo, TUSC2 systemic delivery, by nanoparticle gene transfer, combined with MK2206 treatment markedly inhibited growth of tumors in a human LKB1-defective H322 lung cancer xenograft mouse model. Biochemical analysis showed that TUSC2 transient expression in LKB1-defective NSCLC cells significantly stimulated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation and enzymatic activity. More importantly, AMPK gene knockdown abrogated TUSC2-MK2206 cooperation, as evidenced by reduced sensitivity to the combined treatment. Together, TUSC2 re-expression and MK2206 treatment was more effective in inhibiting the phosphorylation and kinase activities of AKT and mTOR proteins than either single agent alone. In conclusion, these findings support the hypothesis that TUSC2 expression status is a biological variable that potentiates MK2206 sensitivity in LKB1-defective NSCLC cells, and identifies the AMPK/AKT/mTOR signaling axis as an important regulator of this activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieru Meng
- Section of Thoracic Molecular Oncology, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Mourad Majidi
- Section of Thoracic Molecular Oncology, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Bingliang Fang
- Section of Thoracic Molecular Oncology, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lin Ji
- Section of Thoracic Molecular Oncology, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - B. Nebiyou Bekele
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - John D. Minna
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research and Simmons Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jack A. Roth
- Section of Thoracic Molecular Oncology, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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Chen KF, Chen HL, Shiau CW, Liu CY, Chu PY, Tai WT, Ichikawa K, Chen PJ, Cheng AL. Sorafenib and its derivative SC-49 sensitize hepatocellular carcinoma cells to CS-1008, a humanized anti-TNFRSF10B (DR5) antibody. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 168:658-72. [PMID: 22978563 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.02212.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Revised: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Previously, we have shown that sorafenib sensitizes hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to apoptosis induced by TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TNFSF10; TRAIL). Here, we report that sorafenib and SC-49 sensitize HCC cells to CS-1008, a novel anti-human death receptor 5 (TNFRSF10B) antibody. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH HCC cell lines (PLC5, Huh-7, and Hep3B) were treated with CS-1008 and/or sorafenib and analysed in terms of apoptosis and signal transductions. KEY RESULTS SC-49 is a sorafenib derivative, which is devoid of kinase inhibitory activity. Both sorafenib and SC-49 down-regulated the phosphorylation of STAT3 at Tyr(705) and subsequently reduced the levels of STAT3-regulated proteins, Mcl-1, survivin and cylcin D1, in CS-1008-treated HCC cells. Knockdown of STAT3 by RNA interference overcame apoptotic resistance to CS-1008 in HCC cells, and ectopic expression of STAT3 in HCC cells abolished the sensitizing effects of sorafenib and SC-49 on CS-1008-induced apoptosis, indicating that inhibition of STAT3 mediates the enhancing effects of these compounds when combined with CS-1008. Importantly, inhibition of SHP-1 by adding a specific SHP-1 inhibitor reduced the effects of SC-49 and CS-1008 on p-STAT3 and apoptosis, whereas co-treatment of CS-1008 with SC-49 increased the activity of SHP-1. These data indicate that the combined effects of CS-1008 and SC-49 on HCC are mediated by SHP-1. Moreover, the combination of CS-1008 and SC-49 inhibited HCC xenograft tumour growth in vivo. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Sorafenib and its derivative SC-49 sensitize HCC cells to the antitumour effects of CS-1008 through SHP-1-dependent inactivation of STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuen-Feng Chen
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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20
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Raychaudhuri SP, Raychaudhuri SK, Atkuri KR, Herzenberg LA, Herzenberg LA. Nerve growth factor: A key local regulator in the pathogenesis of inflammatory arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 63:3243-52. [PMID: 21792838 DOI: 10.1002/art.30564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effect of nerve growth factor (NGF) and its receptor (NGFR) in inflammatory diseases is a novel research field. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of NGF/NGFR in human T cell subpopulations and fibroblast-like synovial cells (FLS) and examine its pathophysiologic significance in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS Expression of NGF/NGFR was examined in synovial fluid (SF), FLS, peripheral blood (PB)-derived T cells, and SF-derived T cells from patients with PsA, RA, and osteoarthritis (OA). NGF levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. NGF-induced T cell/FLS proliferation was examined by MTT assay. Low-affinity (p75)/high-affinity (TrkA) NGFR expression was determined by high-dimensional fluorescence-activated cell sorting. A monochlorobimane assay was used to determine the effect of NGF on T cell survival. RESULTS Levels of NGF were higher in SF samples from PsA and RA patients as compared to SF samples from OA patients. NGF-induced FLS proliferation was more marked in PsA and RA patients. TrkA was up-regulated on activated SF T cells from PsA (mean ± SD 22 ± 6.2%) and RA (8 ± 1.3%) patients, whereas in SF samples from OA patients, TrkA+CD3+ T cells were not detectable. NGF induced the proliferation of PB T cells, induced the phosphorylation of Akt in activated T cells, and consistent with known pAkt activity, inhibited tumor necrosis factor α-induced cell death in these T cells. CONCLUSION Based on our findings, we propose a model in which NGF secreted by FLS into PsA and RA synovium promotes the survival of activated autoreactive T cells as well as FLS proliferation. Thus, NGF has the potential to sustain the chronic inflammatory cascades of arthritis of autoimmune origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siba P Raychaudhuri
- University of California School of Medicine, Davis, VA Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA.
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21
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Walker AR, Klisovic R, Johnston JS, Jiang Y, Geyer S, Kefauver C, Binkley P, Byrd JC, Grever MR, Garzon R, Phelps MA, Marcucci G, Blum KA, Blum W. Pharmacokinetics and dose escalation of the heat shock protein inhibitor 17-allyamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin in combination with bortezomib in relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2013; 54:1996-2002. [PMID: 23256542 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2012.760733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract This phase I study was conducted to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and dose limiting toxicities (DLTs) of the heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibitor 17-allyamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG) in combination with bortezomib, and to provide pharmacokinetic data in relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Eleven patients were enrolled. The MTD was 17-AAG 150 mg/m(2) and bortezomib 0.7 mg/m(2). Hepatic toxicity and cardiac toxicity were dose limiting. Co-administration on day 4 led to a decrease in clearance (p = 0.005) and increase in AUC (p = 0.032) of 17-amino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AG), not observed when 17-AAG was administered alone. Pharmacokinetic parameters of patients who developed toxicities and those who did not were not different. The combination of 17-AAG and bortezomib led to toxicity without measurable response in patients with relapsed or refractory AML. Pharmacokinetic data provide insight for studies of related agents in AML. Next-generation HSP90 inhibitors are appealing for further development in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison R Walker
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University and The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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22
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Lin F, Li R, Pan ZX, Zhou B, Yu DB, Wang XG, Ma XS, Han J, Shen M, Liu HL. miR-26b promotes granulosa cell apoptosis by targeting ATM during follicular atresia in porcine ovary. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38640. [PMID: 22737216 PMCID: PMC3380909 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
More than 99% of ovarian follicles undergo atresia in mammals, but the mechanism of follicular atresia remains to be elucidated. In this study, we explored microRNA (miRNA) regulation of follicular atresia in porcine ovary. A miRNA expression profile was constructed for healthy, early atretic, and progressively atretic follicles, and the differentially expressed miRNAs were selected and analyzed. We found that miR-26b, which was upregulated during follicular atresia, increased the number of DNA breaks and promoted granulosa cell apoptosis by targeting the ataxia telangiectasia mutated gene directly in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Lin
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zeng xiang Pan
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - De bing Yu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xu guang Wang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xue shan Ma
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Han
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Shen
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong lin Liu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail:
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23
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Olnes MJ, Shenoy A, Weinstein B, Pfannes L, Loeliger K, Tucker Z, Tian X, Kwak M, Wilhelm F, Yong ASM, Maric I, Maniar M, Scheinberg P, Groopman J, Young NS, Sloand EM. Directed therapy for patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) by suppression of cyclin D1 with ON 01910.Na. Leuk Res 2012; 36:982-9. [PMID: 22524974 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Revised: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously demonstrated upregulation of c-myc, survivin, and cyclin D1 in CD34+ bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) of patients with trisomy 8 and monosomy 7 myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). "Knockdown" of cyclin D1 by RNA interference decreased trisomy 8 cell growth, suggesting that this might be a therapeutic target in MDS. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We performed preclinical studies using BMMNCs from patients with MDS and AML to examine the effects of the styryl sulfone ON 01910.Na on cyclin D1 accumulation, aneuploidy, and CD34+ blast percentage. We next treated twelve patients with higher risk MDS and two trisomy 8 AML patients with ON 01910.Na on a phase I clinical protocol (NCT00533416). RESULTS ON 01910.Na inhibited cyclin D1 expression, and was selectively toxic to trisomy 8 cells in vitro. Flow cytometry studies demonstrated increased mature CD15+ myeloid cells and decreased CD34+ blasts. Three patients treated with ON 01910.Na on a clinical had decreased bone marrow blasts by ≥ 50%, and three patients had hematologic improvements, one of which was sustained for 33 months. Patients with hematologic responses to ON 01910.Na had decreased cyclin D1 expression in their CD34+ cells. CONCLUSIONS The preclinical results and responses of patients on a clinical trial warrant further investigation of ON 01910.Na as a potential novel targeted therapy for higher risk MDS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Olnes
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Rashmi R, Schnulle PM, Maddox AC, Armbrecht ES, Koenig JM. Flice inhibitory protein is associated with the survival of neonatal neutrophils. Pediatr Res 2011; 70:327-31. [PMID: 21691254 PMCID: PMC3166417 DOI: 10.1203/pdr.0b013e3182290062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) exhibit delayed apoptosis both constitutively and under inflammatory conditions, and evidence has linked PMN longevity to the presence of antiapoptotic proteins. Activation of the survival-associated transcription factor, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), promotes the synthesis of several antiapoptotic proteins including Flice inhibitory protein (FLIP). Neonatal and adult PMN were compared in this study to test the hypothesis that FLIP modulates age-related apoptosis. Expression of the short isoform, FLIP-S, was prominent at baseline and persisted during spontaneous apoptosis in neonatal PMN, whereas basal expression was lower and decreased under the same conditions in adult PMN. Stable FLIP-S expression in neonatal PMN was associated with a relative resistance to apoptosis in response to the protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide (CHX), or the NF-κB inhibitor, gliotoxin. In contrast, similar treatment of adult PMN promoted greater overall apoptosis accompanied by FLIP degradation. Nuclear levels of phosphorylated p65, a critical NF-κB dimer, were relatively robust in neonatal PMN under basal conditions or after stimulation with TNF-α, a cytokine that induces FLIP. In conclusion, persistent FLIP-S expression is involved in the longevity of neonatal PMN, and our data suggest a contribution of NF-κB signaling and related survival mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramachandran Rashmi
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
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Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a death receptor ligand that has the ability to preferentially initiate apoptosis in malignant cells with minimal toxicity to normal cells. TRAIL-based therapeutics, including recombinant TRAIL, TRAIL-receptor agonistic antibodies and TRAIL gene therapy, have now entered clinical trials. Although these therapeutics are promising, concerns regarding TRAIL resistance are causing research efforts to shift towards the identification of effective combination therapies. Small-molecule inhibitors, natural compounds, and drugs approved for treatment of diseases other than cancer have been shown to affect TRAIL receptors, antiapoptotic proteins and survival pathways in prostate, bladder and renal cell lines and in preclinical models. Changes in endogenous TRAIL and TRAIL receptor expression during the development of genitourinary malignancies and the way in which the expression pattern is affected by treatment are of great interest, and understanding the biological consequences of such changes will be important to maximize the potential of TRAIL-based therapeutics.
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Chen KF, Yu HC, Liu CY, Chen HJ, Chen YC, Hou DR, Chen PJ, Cheng AL. Bortezomib sensitizes HCC cells to CS-1008, an antihuman death receptor 5 antibody, through the inhibition of CIP2A. Mol Cancer Ther 2011; 10:892-901. [PMID: 21393428 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-10-0794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we have shown that bortezomib overcame TRAIL resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells via the inhibition of Akt. Here, we report that bortezomib sensitizes these TRAIL-resistant cells, including Huh-7, Hep3B, and Sk-Hep1, to CS-1008, a humanized agonistic antihuman death receptor 5 antibody. Cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A) mediated the sensitizing effect of bortezomib to CS-1008 through inhibiting protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity. Combination treatment of bortezomib and CS-1008 downregulated CIP2A in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, and increased PP2A activity in HCC cells. Importantly, ectopic expression of CIP2A decreased Akt-related PP2A activity, indicating that CIP2A negatively regulates Akt-related PP2A activity in HCC cells. Moreover, silencing CIP2A by short interfering RNA enhanced CS-1008-induced apoptosis in HCC cells and ectopic expression of CIP2A in HCC cells abolished CS-1008-induced apoptosis, indicating that CIP2A plays an important role in the sensitizing effect of bortezomib to CS-1008. Finally, our in vivo data showed that CS-1008 and bortezomib combination treatment decreased tumor growth significantly. In conclusion, bortezomib sensitized HCC cells to CS-1008 through the inhibition of CIP2A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuen-Feng Chen
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Amm HM, Oliver PG, Lee CH, Li Y, Buchsbaum DJ. Combined modality therapy with TRAIL or agonistic death receptor antibodies. Cancer Biol Ther 2011; 11:431-49. [PMID: 21263219 PMCID: PMC3087899 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.11.5.14671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Revised: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 12/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecularly targeted therapies, such as antibodies and small molecule inhibitors have emerged as an important breakthrough in the treatment of many human cancers. One targeted therapy under development is tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) due to its ability to induce apoptosis in a variety of human cancer cell lines and xenografts, while lacking toxicity in most normal cells. TRAIL and apoptosis-inducing agonistic antibodies to the TRAIL death receptors have been the subject of many preclinical and clinical studies in the past decade. However, the sensitivity of individual cancer cell lines of a particular tumor type to these agents varies from highly sensitive to resistant. Various chemotherapy agents have been shown to enhance the apoptosis-inducing capacity of TRAIL receptor-targeted therapies and induce sensitization of TRAIL-resistant cells. This review provides an overview of the mechanisms associated with chemotherapy enhancement of TRAIL receptor-targeted therapies including modulation of the apoptotic (death receptor expression, FLIP, and Bcl-2 or inhibitors of apoptosis (IAP) families) as well as cell signaling (NFκB, Akt, p53) pathways. These mechanisms will be important in establishing effective combinations to pursue clinically and in determining relevant targets for future cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope M Amm
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
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Seki N, Toh U, Sayers TJ, Fujii T, Miyagi M, Akagi Y, Kusukawa J, Kage M, Shirouzu K, Yamana H. Bortezomib sensitizes human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis via activation of both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways. Mol Cancer Ther 2010; 9:1842-51. [PMID: 20515944 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-09-0918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most aggressive human cancers, and novel treatment modalities are required. We investigated the therapeutic potential of the tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL/Apo2L) in combination with the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (Velcade) on human ESCC cell lines. Bortezomib enhanced the susceptibility to TRAIL in 12 of the 15 ESCC cell lines tested, although most showed low sensitivity to TRAIL as a single agent. The enhancement of TRAIL-induced apoptosis by bortezomib was caspase dependent. Increased processing of caspase-8 often accompanied enhancement of TRAIL-induced apoptosis by bortezomib. However, the increased cell surface expression of death receptors observed on bortezomib treatment did not seem to be crucial for this effect. For some ESCC, bortezomib treatment resulted in a more efficient recruitment of caspase-8 and the Fas-associated death domain to the death-inducing signaling complex. Additional downregulation of the cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein long isoform [c-FLIP(L)] could cooperate in the activation of the extrinsic pathway in some cases. For other ESCC, the crucial effect of bortezomib treatment seemed to be increased signaling via the intrinsic apoptotic pathway on subsequent exposure to TRAIL. Thus, bortezomib could sensitize ESCC to TRAIL apoptosis by multiple molecular mechanisms of action. Therefore, the combination of bortezomib and TRAIL might be a novel therapeutic strategy for ESCC patients who fail to respond to standard chemoradiotherapy that predominantly targets the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Seki
- Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Asahi-machi, Kurume, Japan.
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Koehler BC, Urbanik T, Vick B, Boger RJ, Heeger S, Galle PR, Schuchmann M, Schulze-Bergkamen H. TRAIL-induced apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells is augmented by targeted therapies. World J Gastroenterol 2009; 15:5924-35. [PMID: 20014456 PMCID: PMC2795179 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.15.5924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To analyze the effect of chemotherapeutic drugs and specific kinase inhibitors, in combination with the death receptor ligand tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL), on overcoming TRAIL resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to study the efficacy of agonistic TRAIL antibodies, as well as the commitment of antiapoptotic BCL-2 proteins, in TRAIL-induced apoptosis.
METHODS: Surface expression of TRAIL receptors (TRAIL-R1-4) and expression levels of the antiapoptotic BCL-2 proteins MCL-1 and BCL-xL were analyzed by flow cytometry and Western blotting, respectively. Knock-down of MCL-1 and BCL-xL was performed by transfecting specific small interfering RNAs. HCC cells were treated with kinase inhibitors and chemotherapeutic drugs. Apoptosis induction and cell viability were analyzed via flow cytometry and 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay.
RESULTS: TRAIL-R1 and -R2 were profoundly expressed on the HCC cell lines Huh7 and Hep-G2. However, treatment of Huh7 and Hep-G2 with TRAIL and agonistic antibodies only induced minor apoptosis rates. Apoptosis resistance towards TRAIL could be considerably reduced by adding the chemotherapeutic drugs 5-fluorouracil and doxorubicin as well as the kinase inhibitors LY294002 [inhibition of phosphoinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)], AG1478 (epidermal growth factor receptor kinase), PD98059 (MEK1), rapamycin (mammalian target of rapamycin) and the multi-kinase inhibitor Sorafenib. Furthermore, the antiapoptotic BCL-2 proteins MCL-1 and BCL-xL play a major role in TRAIL resistance: knock-down by RNA interference increased TRAIL-induced apoptosis of HCC cells. Additionally, knock-down of MCL-1 and BCL-xL led to a significant sensitization of HCC cells towards inhibition of both c-Jun N-terminal kinase and PI3K.
CONCLUSION: Our data identify the blockage of survival kinases, combination with chemotherapeutic drugs and targeting of antiapoptotic BCL-2 proteins as promising ways to overcome TRAIL resistance in HCC.
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Kim JY, Kim EH, Kim SU, Kwon TK, Choi KS. Capsaicin sensitizes malignant glioma cells to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis via DR5 upregulation and survivin downregulation. Carcinogenesis 2009; 31:367-75. [PMID: 19939880 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgp298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Capsaicin, a pungent ingredient of red chili peppers, has been reported to possess antitumor activities. Here, we show that subtoxic doses of capsaicin effectively sensitize multiple malignant glioma cell lines to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis. Although TRAIL alone mediated partial proteolytic processing of procaspase-3 in glioma cells, cotreatment with capsaicin and TRAIL efficiently restored complete activation of caspases. We found that treatment of various gliomas with capsaicin significantly upregulated DR5, a death receptor of TRAIL, and downregulated the caspase inhibitor survivin. The induction of DR5 was mediated by CHOP/GADD153. The reduction in survivin protein level was associated with downregulation of cyclin B and Cdc2 expression, suggesting that inhibition of Cdc2 activity might contribute to capsaicin-induced survivin downregulation. Taken together, these results indicate that the activity of capsaicin toward DR5 and survivin contributes to the amplification of caspase cascades, thereby restoring TRAIL sensitivity in malignant glioma cells. Interestingly, normal astrocytes were resistant to combined treatment with capsaicin and TRAIL. Neither capsaicin-induced DR5 upregulation/survivin downregulation nor the partial processing of procaspase-3 by TRAIL was induced in astrocytes. Thus, a combined regimen using capsaicin and TRAIL may provide a safe and effective strategy for treating malignant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yeop Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Institute for Medical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 443-749, Korea
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Meng J, Peng H, Dai B, Guo W, Wang L, Ji L, Minna JD, Chresta CM, Smith PD, Fang B, Roth JA. High level of AKT activity is associated with resistance to MEK inhibitor AZD6244 (ARRY-142886). Cancer Biol Ther 2009; 8:2073-80. [PMID: 19783898 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.8.21.9844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
MEK/ERK activities are increased in many primary lung cancers, and MEK inhibitors have been tested clinically for treatment of non-small cell lung cancers. The molecular mechanisms of resistance to MEK inhibitors have not been clearly demonstrated, however, and no molecular biomarker that can predict lung cancer response to MEK inhibitors is available. By determining the dose-responses of 35 human lung cancer cell lines to MEK-specific inhibitor AZD6244, we identified subsets of lung cancer cell lines that are either sensitive or resistant to this agent. Subsequent molecular characterization showed that treatment with AZD6244 suppressed ERK phosphorylation in both sensitive and resistant cells, suggesting that resistance is not mediated by the activities of MEK/ERK themselves. Interestingly, we found that levels of phosphorylated AKT were dramatically higher in the resistant cancer cells than in the sensitive cells. Stable transfection of dominant-negative AKT into resistant cells by retroviral infection restored their susceptibility to AZD6244. These results indicate that phosphorylated AKT may be a biomarker of response to AZD6244 and that modulation of AKT activity may be a useful approach to overcome resistance to MEK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieru Meng
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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McCubrey JA, Abrams SL, Stadelman K, Chappell WH, Lahair M, Ferland RA, Steelman LS. Targeting signal transduction pathways to eliminate chemotherapeutic drug resistance and cancer stem cells. ADVANCES IN ENZYME REGULATION 2009; 50:285-307. [PMID: 19895837 PMCID: PMC2862855 DOI: 10.1016/j.advenzreg.2009.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Trichostatin A sensitizes human ovarian cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis by down-regulation of c-FLIPL via inhibition of EGFR pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2009; 77:1328-36. [PMID: 19426671 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2008.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2008] [Revised: 12/23/2008] [Accepted: 12/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
TRAIL-resistant cancer cells can be sensitized to TRAIL by combination therapy. In this study, we investigated the effect of trichostatin A (TSA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, to overcome the TRAIL resistance in human ovarian cancer cells. Co-treatment of human ovarian cancer cells with TSA and TRAIL synergistically inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. The combined treatment of ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells with TSA and TRAIL significantly activated caspase-8 and truncated Bid, resulting in the cytosolic accumulation of cytochrome c as well as the activation of caspase-9 and -3. Moreover, we found that down-regulation of c-FLIP(L) might contribute to TSA-mediated sensitization to TRAIL-induced apoptosis in SKOV3 cells, and this result was supported by showing that down- or up-regulation of c-FLIP(L) with transfection of siRNA or plasmid sensitized or made SKOV3 cells resistant to TRAIL-induced apoptosis, respectively. TSA or co-treatment with TSA alone and TRAIL also resulted in down-regulation of EGFR1/2 and dephosphorylation of its downstream targets, AKT and ERK. Treatment of SKOV3 cells with PKI-166 (EGFR1/2 inhibitor), LY294002 (AKT inhibitor), and PD98059 (ERK inhibitor) decreased c-FLIP(L) expression and co-treatment with TRAIL further reduced the level of c-FLIP(L,) respectively, as did TSA. Collectively, our data suggest that TSA-mediated sensitization of ovarian cancer cells to TRAIL is closely correlated with down-regulation of c-FLIP(L) via inhibition of EGFR pathway, involving caspase-dependent mitochondrial apoptosis, and combination of TSA and TRAIL may be an effective strategy for treating TRAIL-resistant human ovarian cancer cells.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES AND DESIGN In this study, we examine the relationship between C5a and activation of cysteine aspartic acid protease 8 (caspase 8) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). MATERIALS OR SUBJECTS Primary cultures of HUVEC were used. TREATMENTS Recombinant human C5a (50 ng/ml) was used in the presence or absence of 10 microg/ml cycloheximide (CHX). METHODS HUVEC were treated with C5a alone and in the presence of CHX, then monitored for cell viability, poly- ADP-ribose 1 (PARP-1) and caspase 8 activities. Gene and protein expressions were assessed for caspase 8 and the caspase 8 homologue, FLICE -inhibitory protein (cFLIP). RESULTS We found a 43.1 +/- 6.9 percent reduction in viability of HUVEC stimulated for 18 h with 50 ng/ml C5a in the presence of 10 microg/ml CHX (p < 0.05). In contrast, the cell viability of cells stimulated for 18 h with 50 ng/ml C5a or 10 microg/ml CHX alone was not significantly different compared to the non-stimulated control. Treatment of HUVEC with C5a induced an increase in caspase 8 activity but did not significantly affect cFLIP levels. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest caspase 8 activation induced by C5a leads to cell death if protein synthesis of antiapoptotic protein(s) is blocked.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. A. Albrecht
- Department of Biology and Physics, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144
| | - J. V. Sarma
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - P. A. Ward
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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Tazzari PL, Tabellini G, Ricci F, Papa V, Bortul R, Chiarini F, Evangelisti C, Martinelli G, Bontadini A, Cocco L, McCubrey JA, Martelli AM. Synergistic proapoptotic activity of recombinant TRAIL plus the Akt inhibitor Perifosine in acute myelogenous leukemia cells. Cancer Res 2008; 68:9394-403. [PMID: 19010914 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-2815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To potentiate the response of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) cells to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) cytotoxicity, we have examined the efficacy of a combination with perifosine, a novel phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling inhibitor. The rationale for using such a combination is that perifosine was recently described to increase TRAIL-R2 receptor expression and decrease the cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (cFLIP) in human lung cancer cell lines. Perifosine and TRAIL both induced cell death by apoptosis in the THP-1 AML cell line, which is characterized by constitutive PI3K/Akt activation, but lacks functional p53. Perifosine, at concentrations below IC(50), dephosphorylated Akt and increased TRAIL-R2 levels, as shown by Western blot, reverse transcription-PCR, and flow cytometric analysis. Perifosine also decreased the long isoform of cFLIP (cFLIP-L) and the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) expression. Perifosine and TRAIL synergized to activate caspase-8 and induce apoptosis, which was blocked by a caspase-8-selective inhibitor. Up-regulation of TRAIL-R2 expression was dependent on a protein kinase Calpha/c-Jun-NH(2)-kinase 2/c-Jun signaling pathway activated by perifosine through reactive oxygen species production. Perifosine also synergized with TRAIL in primary AML cells displaying constitutive activation of the Akt pathway by inducing apoptosis, Akt dephosphorylation, TRAIL-R2 up-regulation, cFLIP-L and XIAP down-regulation, and c-Jun phosphorylation. The combined treatment negatively affected the clonogenic activity of CD34(+) cells from patients with AML. In contrast, CD34(+) cells from healthy donors were resistant to perifosine and TRAIL treatment. Our findings suggest that the combination of perifosine and TRAIL might offer a novel therapeutic strategy for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pier Luigi Tazzari
- Servizio di Immunoematologia e Trasfusionale, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Università di Bologna, Italy
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Abstract
Triggering of tumour cell apoptosis is the foundation of many cancer therapies. Death receptors of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily have been largely characterized, as have the signals that are generated when these receptors are activated. TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptors (TRAILR1 and TRAILR2) are promising targets for cancer therapy. Herein we review what is known about the molecular control of TRAIL-mediated apoptosis, the role of TRAIL in carcinogenesis and the potential therapeutic utility of recombinant TRAIL and agonistic antibodies against TRAILR1 and TRAILR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricky W Johnstone
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia.
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37
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Misaghian N, Ligresti G, Steelman LS, Bertrand FE, Bäsecke J, Libra M, Nicoletti F, Stivala F, Milella M, Tafuri A, Cervello M, Martelli AM, McCubrey JA. Targeting the leukemic stem cell: the Holy Grail of leukemia therapy. Leukemia 2008; 23:25-42. [PMID: 18800146 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2008.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of leukemic stem cells (LSCs) over a decade ago, many of their critical biological properties have been elucidated, including their distinct replicative properties, cell surface phenotypes, their increased resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs and the involvement of growth-promoting chromosomal translocations. Of particular importance is their ability to transfer malignancy to non-obese diabetic-severe combined immunodeficient (NOD-SCID) mice. Furthermore, numerous studies demonstrate that acute myeloid leukemia arises from mutations at the level of stem cell, and chronic myeloid leukemia is also a stem cell disease. In this review, we will evaluate the main characteristics of LSCs elucidated in several well-documented leukemias. In addition, we will discuss points of therapeutic intervention. Promising therapeutic approaches include the targeting of key signal transduction pathways (for example, PI3K, Rac and Wnt) with small-molecule inhibitors and specific cell surface molecules (for example, CD33, CD44 and CD123), with effective cytotoxic antibodies. Also, statins, which are already widely therapeutically used for a variety of diseases, show potential in targeting LSCs. In addition, drugs that inhibit ATP-binding cassette transporter proteins are being extensively studied, as they are important in drug resistance-a frequent characteristic of LSCs. Although the specific targeting of LSCs is a relatively new field, it is a highly promising battleground that may reveal the Holy Grail of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Misaghian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
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Wu CH, Kao CH, Safa AR. TRAIL recombinant adenovirus triggers robust apoptosis in multidrug-resistant HL-60/Vinc cells preferentially through death receptor DR5. Hum Gene Ther 2008; 19:731-43. [PMID: 18476767 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2008.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a promising cancer therapeutic because of its highly selective apoptosis-inducing action on neoplastic versus normal cells. However, some cancer cells express resistance to recombinant soluble TRAIL. To overcome this problem, we used a TRAIL adenovirus (Ad5/35-TRAIL) to induce apoptosis in a drug-sensitive and multidrug-resistant variant of HL-60 leukemia cells and determined the molecular mechanisms of Ad5/35-TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Ad5/35-TRAIL did not induce apoptosis in normal human lymphocytes, but caused massive apoptosis in acute myelocytic leukemia cells. It triggered more efficient apoptosis in drug-resistant HL-60/Vinc cells than in HL-60 cells. Treating the cells with anti-DR4 and anti-DR5 neutralizing antibodies (particularly anti-DR5) reduced, whereas anti-DcR1 antibody enhanced, the apoptosis triggered by Ad5/35-TRAIL. Whereas Ad5/35-TRAIL induced apoptosis in both cell lines through activation of caspase-3 and caspase-10, known to link the cell death receptor pathway to the mitochondrial pathway, it triggered increased mitochondrial membrane potential change (m) only in HL-60/Vinc cells. Ad5/35-TRAIL also increased the production of reactive oxygen species, which play an important role in apoptosis. Therefore, using Ad5/35-TRAIL may be an effective therapeutic strategy for eliminating TRAIL-resistant malignant cells and these studies may provide clues to treat and eradicate acute myelocytic leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Huang Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Tan L, Jia H, Liu R, Wu J, Han H, Zuo Y, Yang S, Huang W. Inhibition of NF-kappaB in fusogenic membrane glycoprotein causing HL-60 cell death: implications for acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer Lett 2008; 273:114-21. [PMID: 18783878 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2008] [Revised: 03/17/2008] [Accepted: 07/28/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Viral fusogenic membrane glycoproteins (FMGs) are new therapeutic genes for the control of tumor growth, the cellular mechanisms mediating cell death is non-apoptotic. However, the precise molecular mechanism remains to be elucidated. Here, we showed overexpression of HSP70 in HL-60 cells mediated by Gibbon Ape leukemia virus hyperfusogenic envelope protein (GALV-FMG) inhibited the nuclear translocation of p65, the transcriptive activity of NF-kappaB and prevented the degradation of IkappaB. NF-kappaB may negatively regulate HSP70 expression, which made a positive feed back loop for expression of HSP70. FMG expression in HL-60 cells leaded to the formation of multinucleated syncytia and cell death, the main death mode of cells is necrosis. This form of cell death should be effective in vivo, gene therapy basing on FMG deserve further study for the treatment of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tan
- State Key Laboratory, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
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40
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Bernasconi P. Molecular pathways in myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia: relationships and distinctions-a review. Br J Haematol 2008; 142:695-708. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2008.07245.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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41
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Wang X, Chen W, Zeng W, Bai L, Tesfaigzi Y, Belinsky SA, Lin Y. Akt-mediated eminent expression of c-FLIP and Mcl-1 confers acquired resistance to TRAIL-induced cytotoxicity to lung cancer cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2008; 7:1156-63. [PMID: 18483303 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-07-2183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a potential anticancer agent due to its selectivity in killing transformed cells. However, TRAIL can also stimulate the proliferation and metastasis of TRAIL-resistant cancer cells. Thus, acquired TRAIL resistance during TRAIL therapy would shift the patient's treatment from beneficial to detrimental. In this study, we focused on the acquired TRAIL resistance mechanism and showed that the elevated expression of the antiapoptotic factor cellular FLICE-like inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) and the prosurvival Bcl-2 family member myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) underlie the main mechanism of this type of TRAIL resistance in lung cancer cells. Chronic exposure to TRAIL resulted in lung cancer cell resistance to TRAIL-induced cytotoxicity, and this resistance was associated with the increase in the cellular levels of c-FLIP(L) and Mcl-1(L). Overexpresssion of c-FLIP(L) suppressed recruitment of caspase-8 to the death-inducing signaling complex, whereas increased Mcl-1(L) expression blunted the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. The elevation of c-FLIP(L) and Mcl-1(L) expression was due to Akt-mediated stabilization of these proteins in TRAIL-resistant cells. Importantly, suppressing c-FLIP(L) and Mcl-1(L) expression by RNA interference collectively alleviated acquired TRAIL resistance. Taken together, these results identify c-FLIP(L) and Mcl-1(L) as the major determinants of acquired TRAIL resistance and could be molecular targets for improving the therapeutic value of TRAIL against lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest Drive Southeast, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA
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42
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Wu C, Kao C, Safa AR. TRAIL recombinant adenovirus triggered robust apoptosis in multidrug resistant HL-60/Vinc cells preferentially through the death receptor DR5. Hum Gene Ther 2008. [DOI: 10.1089/hgt.2008.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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43
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Jiang BH, Liu LZ. Role of mTOR in anticancer drug resistance: perspectives for improved drug treatment. Drug Resist Updat 2008; 11:63-76. [PMID: 18440854 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2008.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2008] [Revised: 03/12/2008] [Accepted: 03/14/2008] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway plays a central role in regulating protein synthesis, ribosomal protein translation, and cap-dependent translation. Deregulations in mTOR signaling are frequently associated with tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, tumor growth and metastasis. This review highlights the role of the mTOR in anticancer drug resistance. We discuss the network of signaling pathways in which the mTOR kinase is involved, including the structure and activation of the mTOR complex and the pathways upstream and downstream of mTOR as well as other molecular interactions of mTOR. Major upstream signaling components in control of mTOR activity are PI3K/PTEN/AKT and Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathways. We discuss the central role of mTOR in mediating the translation of mRNAs of proteins related to cell cycle progression, those involved in cell survival such as c-myc, hypoxia inducible factor 1* (HIF-1*) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), cyclin A, cyclin dependent kinases (cdk1/2), cdk inhibitors (p21(Cip1) and p27(Kip1)), retinoblastoma (Rb) protein, and RNA polymerases I and III. We then discuss the potential therapeutic opportunities for using mTOR inhibitors rapamycin, CCI-779, RAD001, and AP-23573 in cancer therapy as single agents or in combinations to reverse drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Hua Jiang
- Department of Microbiology, Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
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44
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Hughes PJ, Lee JS, Reiner NE, Brown G. The vitamin D receptor-mediated activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3Kα) plays a role in the 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-stimulated increase in steroid sulphatase activity in myeloid leukaemic cell lines. J Cell Biochem 2008; 103:1551-72. [PMID: 17879954 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this article we show that 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3)) stimulates the activity of the class IA phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase PI3Kalpha and its downstream target Akt in HL60, U937 and THP-1 myeloid leukaemic cell lines. Furthermore, we show that the classical nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR(nuc)) is involved in this activation of the PI3K/Akt signalling in these cell lines. We have previously shown that the activity of steroid sulphatase is stimulated in HL60, U937 and THP-1 myeloid leukaemic cell lines by 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) (Hughes et al., [2001] Biochem J 355:361-371; Hughes et al., [2005] J Cell Biochem 94:1175-1189; Hughes and Brown [2006] J Cell Biochem 98:590-617). In this article we show that the 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3)-stimulated increase in signalling via the PI3K/Akt pathway plays a role in the increase in steroid sulphatase activity in the HL60 U937 and THP-1 cell lines. We used a variety of pharmacological and biochemical approaches to show that activation of PI3Kalpha mediates the 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3)-stimulated increase in steroid sulphatase activity in myeloid leukaemic cells. We also show that the PI3K/Akt dependent activation of NF-kappaB plays a role in the 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3)-stimulated increase in steroid sulphatase activity in myeloid leukaemic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Hughes
- Division of Immunity and Infection, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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Trail Receptors: Targets for Cancer Therapy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2008; 615:127-58. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-6554-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Han H, Shin SW, Seo CY, Kwon HC, Han JY, Kim IH, Kwak JY, Park JI. 15-Deoxy-delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ 2) sensitizes human leukemic HL-60 cells to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis through Akt downregulation. Apoptosis 2007; 12:2101-14. [PMID: 17786557 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-007-0124-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
While tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a promising new agent for the treatment of cancer, resistance to TRAIL remains a therapeutic challenge. Identifying agents to use in combination with TRAIL to enhance apoptosis in leukemia cells would increase the potential utility of this agent as a therapy for leukemia. Here, we show that 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2), a natural ligand for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), can sensitize TRAIL-resistant leukemic HL-60 cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. The sensitization to TRAIL-induced apoptosis by 15d-PGJ2 was not blocked by a PPARgamma inhibitor (GW9662), suggesting a PPARgamma-independent mechanism. This process was accompanied by activation of caspase-8, caspase-9, and caspase-3 and was concomitant with Bid and PARP cleavage. We observed significant decreases in XIAP, Bcl-2, and c-FLIP after cotreatment with 15d-PGJ2 and TRAIL. We also observed the inhibition of Akt expression and phosphorylation by cotreatment with 15d-PGJ2 and TRAIL. Furthermore, inactivation of Akt by Akt inhibitor IV sensitized human leukemic HL-60 cells to TRAIL, indicating a key role for Akt inhibition in these events. Taken together, these findings indicate that 15d-PGJ2 may augment TRAIL-induced apoptosis in human leukemia cells by down-regulating the expression and phosphorylation of Akt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoon Han
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-A University College of Medicine, 3 Ga 1, Dongdaesin-Dong, Seo-Gu, Busan 602-714, South Korea
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Lehner M, Bailo M, Stachel D, Roesler W, Parolini O, Holter W. Caspase-8 dependent apoptosis induction in malignant myeloid cells by TLR stimulation in the presence of IFN-alpha. Leuk Res 2007; 31:1729-35. [PMID: 17572490 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2007.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2006] [Revised: 04/30/2007] [Accepted: 05/03/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Pro-apoptotic signalling upon toll-like receptor (TLR) stimulation in myeloid cells is normally antagonized by the simultaneous activation of anti-apoptotic pathways. We have previously reported that IFN-alpha can sensitize human monocytes to apoptosis induction by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Based on these results we investigated whether similarly apoptosis can be cooperatively induced in myeloid tumor cells. When testing established acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines we found the monocytic cell line THP-1 to be sensitive to IFN-alpha plus LPS induced apoptosis, which was partially dependent on caspase-8 and was associated with an enhanced expression of Fas/CD95. We extended our study to 29 short term blast lines from patients with AML and observed additive effects of IFN-alpha and LPS on cell death only with few samples indicating that sensitivity to IFN-alpha plus LPS inducible apoptosis is present in a fraction of AML samples only with no obvious correlation with certain FAB phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Lehner
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Mérino D, Lalaoui N, Morizot A, Solary E, Micheau O. TRAIL in cancer therapy: present and future challenges. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2007; 11:1299-314. [PMID: 17907960 PMCID: PMC2976473 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.11.10.1299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Since its identification in 1995, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has sparked growing interest in oncology due to its reported ability to selectively trigger cancer cell death. In contrast to other members of the TNF superfamily, TRAIL administration in vivo is safe. The relative absence of toxic side effects of this naturally occurring cytokine, in addition to its antitumoural properties, has led to its preclinical evaluation. However, despite intensive investigations, little is known in regards to the mechanisms underlying TRAIL selectivity or efficiency. An appropriate understanding of its physiological relevance, and of the mechanisms controlling cancer cells escape from TRAIL-induced cell death, will be required to optimally use the cytokine in clinics. The present review focuses on recent advances in the understanding of TRAIL signal transduction and discusses the existing and future challenges of TRAIL-based cancer therapy development.
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Amrán D, Sánchez Y, Fernández C, Ramos AM, de Blas E, Bréard J, Calle C, Aller P. Arsenic trioxide sensitizes promonocytic leukemia cells to TNFα-induced apoptosis via p38-MAPK-regulated activation of both receptor-mediated and mitochondrial pathways. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2007; 1773:1653-63. [PMID: 17673311 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2007.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2007] [Revised: 06/14/2007] [Accepted: 06/15/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Treatment with the anti-leukemic drug arsenic trioxide (As(2)O(3), 1-4 microM) sensitizes U937 promonocytes and other human myeloid leukemia cell lines (HL60, NB4) to apoptosis induction by TNFalpha. As(2)O(3) plus TNFalpha increases TNF receptor type 1 (TNF-R1) expression, decreases c-FLIP(L) expression, and causes caspase-8 and Bid activation, and apoptosis is reduced by anti-TNF-R1 neutralizing antibody and caspase-8 inhibitor. The treatment also causes Bax translocation to mitochondria, cytochrome c and Omi/HtrA2 release from mitochondria, XIAP down-regulation, and caspase-9 and caspase-3 activation. Bcl-2 over-expression inhibits cytochrome c release and apoptosis, and also prevents c-FLIP(L) down-regulation and caspase-8 activation, but not TNF-R1 over-expression. As(2)O(3) does not affect Akt phosphorylation/activation or intracellular GSH content, nor prevents the TNFalpha-provoked stimulation of p65-NF-kappaB translocation to the nucleus and the increase in NF-kappaB binding activity. Treatments with TNFalpha alone or with As(2)O(3) plus TNFalpha cause TNF-R1-mediated p38-MAPK phosphorylation/activation. P38-MAPK-specific inhibitors attenuate the As(2)O(3) plus TNFalpha-provoked activation of caspase-8/Bid, Bax translocation, cytochrome c release, and apoptosis induction. In conclusion, the sensitization by As(2)O(3) to TNFalpha-induced apoptosis in promonocytic leukemia cells is an Akt/NF-kappaB-independent, p38-MAPK-regulated process, which involves the interplay of both the receptor-mediated and mitochondrial executioner pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna Amrán
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Hsieh AC, Small EJ, Ryan CJ. Androgen-response elements in hormone-refractory prostate cancer: implications for treatment development. Lancet Oncol 2007; 8:933-9. [PMID: 17913662 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(07)70316-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Many attempts have been made to derive genetic signatures for progressive prostate cancer for both prognostic and therapeutic purposes. These investigations have resulted in the discovery of many pathways, but the signatures exhibit heterogeneity and restricted reproducibility. A thorough and disciplined analysis of genes with androgen-response elements that are expressed in progressive, castration-resistant prostate cancer is an integral step towards the development of new therapeutic or diagnostic targets. We discuss the effects of bona-fide downstream targets of the androgen receptor on cellular proliferation, evasion of apoptosis, and angiogenesis, and consider the clinical potential of these targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Hsieh
- Department of Medicine, and UCSF Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California-San Francisco, 94143, USA.
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