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Li J, Li H, Wang Y, Zhao X, Wang S, Li L. CHI3L1 in the CSF is a potential biomarker for anti-leucine-rich glioma inactivated 1 encephalitis. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1071219. [PMID: 36685530 PMCID: PMC9849687 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1071219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Anti-leucine-rich glioma inactivated 1(LGI1) encephalitis is one rare autoimmune encephalitis which is accompanied by inflammatory responses. (Anti-leucine-rich glioma inactivated 1 (anti-LGI1) encephalitis is an autoimmune disease mediated by inflammatory responses.)This study aimed to investigate the Chitinase 3-like 1(CHI3L1) in anti-LGI1encephalitis patients and evaluate its association with modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score in anti-LGI1 encephalitis at admission and 6 months follow-up.(This study looked into the relationship between Chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1) and the modified Ranking Scale (mRS) score in anti-LGI1 encephalitis patients at admission and 6 months later.). Methods Thirty-five patients with anti-LGI1 encephalitis and 22 patients with non-inflammatory neurological disease were enrolled in this study. (We enrolled 35 patients with anti-LGI1 encephalitis and 22 patients with non-inflammatory neurological disease.)Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum levels of CHI3L1 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. (We quantified CHI3L1 in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by performing an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.)Patients were evaluated for mRS score at admission and at 6 months follow-up.(We recorded the mRS score of the patients at admission and 6 months later.). Results CHI3L1 levels in CSF and serum were highly elevated in patients with anti-LGI1 encephalitis at admission compared those with the controls.(At admission, patients with anti-LGI1 encephalitis had elevated CHI3L1 levels in the CSF and serum.) Additionally, patients presenting with cognitive impairment had significantly higher CSF CHI3L1 levels and mRS scores than those without cognitive impairment symptoms. Patients presenting with only faciobrachial dystonic seizures at admission had lower CSF CHI3L1 levels than those with other symptoms. Finally, CSF CHI3L1 levels were positively correlated with CSF lactate levels. Conclusion CHI3L1 level in CSF is correlated with the severity and prognosis of anti-LGI1 encephalitis. (CSF CHI3L1 levels are correlated with the severity and prognosis of anti-LGI1 encephalitis.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyi Li
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yunhuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiuhe Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shengjun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,*Correspondence: Shengjun Wang, ; Ling Li,
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China,*Correspondence: Shengjun Wang, ; Ling Li,
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Zhu Z, Fang C, Xu H, Yuan L, Du Y, Ni Y, Xu Y, Shao A, Zhang A, Lou M. Anoikis resistance in diffuse glioma: The potential therapeutic targets in the future. Front Oncol 2022; 12:976557. [PMID: 36046036 PMCID: PMC9423707 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.976557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common malignant intracranial tumor and exhibits diffuse metastasis and a high recurrence rate. The invasive property of glioma results from cell detachment. Anoikis is a special form of apoptosis that is activated upon cell detachment. Resistance to anoikis has proven to be a protumor factor. Therefore, it is suggested that anoikis resistance commonly occurs in glioma and promotes diffuse invasion. Several factors, such as integrin, E-cadherin, EGFR, IGFR, Trk, TGF-β, the Hippo pathway, NF-κB, eEF-2 kinase, MOB2, hypoxia, acidosis, ROS, Hsp and protective autophagy, have been shown to induce anoikis resistance in glioma. In our present review, we aim to summarize the underlying mechanism of resistance and the therapeutic potential of these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyang Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaoyou Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Houshi Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yichao Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunjia Ni
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanzhi Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Anwen Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Anke Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meiqing Lou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Tang JL, Xin M, Zhang LC. Protective effect of Astragalus membranaceus and Astragaloside IV in sepsis-induced acute kidney injury. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:5855-5877. [PMID: 35859295 PMCID: PMC9365550 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is the most common target organ damage in sepsis. Sepsis-associated AKI (SA-AKI) may be characterized by damage to the renal tubular epithelium. In this study, the pharmacological mechanisms of Astragalus membranaceus and its active monomer Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) were predicted based on a network pharmacology approach and validated both in vitro and in vivo using the SA-AKI model. Method: We constructed an in vivo sepsis model using a mouse cecum ligation puncture (CLP) and HK-2 cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic Gram (–) induced sepsis to assess the renal-protective efficacy of Astragalus membranaceus and AS-IV. Results: The findings demonstrated that Astragalus membranaceus and AS-IV attenuate renal tubular injury in mice with polymicrobial sepsis, including vacuolization, loss of brush border, mitochondrial ultrastructural changes, and increased staining of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1). AS-IV protected human proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells against LPS induced cell viability loss. Both Astragalus membranaceus and AS-IV activated the PI3K/AKT pathway both in vitro and in vivo, as shown by Western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis. Conclusion: The findings demonstrate that Astragalus membranaceus and AS-IV protect against sepsis-induced kidney tubular injury by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Long Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Xin
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Chao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Geramoutsou C, Nikou S, Karavias D, Arbi M, Tavlas P, Tzelepi V, Lygerou Z, Maroulis I, Bravou V. Focal adhesion proteins in hepatocellular carcinoma: RSU1 a novel tumour suppressor with prognostic significance. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 235:153950. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Luteolin Attenuates Cognitive Dysfunction Induced By Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion Through the Modulation of The PI3K/Akt Pathway in Rats. J Vet Res 2021; 65:341-349. [PMID: 34917848 PMCID: PMC8643096 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2021-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In our study, we evaluated the beneficial effect of luteolin in the treatment of cognitive dysfunction in rat models induced by cerebral hypoperfusion by two-vessel occlusion (2-VO). Material and Methods Seventy-five male Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to 2-VO surgery, in all but 15 (the sham group, group I) the ligation being permanent to impair cognitive abilities. The sham group rats received saline instead of a drug; 15 2-VO rats were not injected at all (the model group, group II); 15 2-VO rats were administered luteolin at 50 mg/kg b.w. (the lut 50 group, group III); to a further 15 luteolin was given at 100 mg/kg b.w. (the lut 100 group, group IV); and the final 15 received nimodipine at 16 mg/kg b.w. as positive controls (the nimodipine group, group V). Object recognition and Morris water maze tests were performed to investigate memory ability. A Western blot test was also conducted to assess expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), its downstream target protein kinase B (Akt), and the phosphorylated form (P-Akt) in cerebral cortex and hippocampus tissue samples. Results Significant variations in the discrimination index in the object recognition test, the escape latencies in the Morris water maze test, and expression levels of PI3K-p110α and PI3K-p85 were observed three months after 2-VO surgery in both lut groups, with a significant change in the nimodipine group compared to the model group. P-Akt and Akt were expressed significantly higher in both lut groups and the nimodipine group than in the model group. Conclusion Luteolin treatment of rats cognitively dysfunctional after experimental cerebral hypo perfusion was neuroprotective by activating the PI3K/Akt signals which inhibit neuronal death in the cerebral cortex and hippocampal region.
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The Expression and Prognostic Value of ILK and YAP1 in Glioma. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2021; 30:e21-e29. [DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Xi S, Cai H, Lu J, Zhang Y, Yu Y, Chen F, Huang Q, Wang F, Chen Z. The pseudogene PRELID1P6 promotes glioma progression via the hnHNPH1-Akt/mTOR axis. Oncogene 2021; 40:4453-4467. [PMID: 34108621 PMCID: PMC8249232 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01854-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Research over the past decade has suggested important roles for pseudogenes in glioma. This study aimed to show that pseudogene PRELI domain-containing 1 pseudogene 6 (PRELID1P6) promotes glioma progression. Aberrant expression of genes was screened using The Cancer Genome Atlas database. We found that mRNA level of PRELID1P6 was highly upregulated in glioma and was associated with a shorter survival time. Functional studies showed that the knockdown of PRELID1P6 decreased cell proliferation, sphere formation, and clone formation ability and blocked the cell cycle transition at G0/G1, while overexpression of PRELID1P6 had the opposite effects. Mechanistically, knockdown of PRELID1P6 changed the cellular localization of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H1 (hnRNPH1) from nucleus to cytoplasm, which promoted ubiquitin-mediated degradation of hnRNPH1. RNA-sequence and gene set enrichment analysis suggested that knockdown of PRELID1P6 regulates the apoptosis signaling pathway. Western blotting showed that PRELID1P6 increased TRF2 expression by hnRNPH1-mediated alternative splicing effect and activated the Akt/mTOR pathway. Furthermore, Akt inhibitor MK2206 treatment reversed the oncogenic function of PRELID1P6. PRELID1P6 was also found to be negatively regulated by miR-1825. Our result showed that PRELID1P6 promotes glioma progression through the hnHNPH1-Akt/mTOR pathway. These findings shed new light on the important role of PRELID1P6 as a novel oncogene for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyan Xi
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiping Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiabin Lu
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjiao Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Furong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qitao Huang
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhongping Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Chitinase-3 like-protein-1 function and its role in diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:201. [PMID: 32929074 PMCID: PMC7490424 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00303-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-enzymatic chitinase-3 like-protein-1 (CHI3L1) belongs to glycoside hydrolase family 18. It binds to chitin, heparin, and hyaluronic acid, and is regulated by extracellular matrix changes, cytokines, growth factors, drugs, and stress. CHI3L1 is synthesized and secreted by a multitude of cells including macrophages, neutrophils, synoviocytes, chondrocytes, fibroblast-like cells, smooth muscle cells, and tumor cells. It plays a major role in tissue injury, inflammation, tissue repair, and remodeling responses. CHI3L1 has been strongly associated with diseases including asthma, arthritis, sepsis, diabetes, liver fibrosis, and coronary artery disease. Moreover, following its initial identification in the culture supernatant of the MG63 osteosarcoma cell line, CHI3L1 has been shown to be overexpressed in a wealth of both human cancers and animal tumor models. To date, interleukin-13 receptor subunit alpha-2, transmembrane protein 219, galectin-3, chemo-attractant receptor-homologous 2, and CD44 have been identified as CHI3L1 receptors. CHI3L1 signaling plays a critical role in cancer cell growth, proliferation, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, activation of tumor-associated macrophages, and Th2 polarization of CD4+ T cells. Interestingly, CHI3L1-based targeted therapy has been increasingly applied to the treatment of tumors including glioma and colon cancer as well as rheumatoid arthritis. This review summarizes the potential roles and mechanisms of CHI3L1 in oncogenesis and disease pathogenesis, then posits investigational strategies for targeted therapies.
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Nikou S, Arbi M, Dimitrakopoulos FID, Sirinian C, Chadla P, Pappa I, Ntaliarda G, Stathopoulos GT, Papadaki H, Zolota V, Lygerou Z, Kalofonos HP, Bravou V. Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) regulates KRAS, IPP complex and Ras suppressor-1 (RSU1) promoting lung adenocarcinoma progression and poor survival. J Mol Histol 2020; 51:385-400. [PMID: 32592097 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-020-09888-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) forms a heterotrimeric protein complex with PINCH and PARVIN (IPP) in Focal Adhesions (FAs) that acts as a signaling platform between the cell and its microenvironment regulating important cancer-related functions. We aimed to elucidate the role of ILK in lung adenocarcinoma (LUADC) focusing on a possible link with KRAS oncogene. We used immunohistochemistry on human tissue samples and KRAS-driven LUADC in mice, analysis of large scale publicly available RNA sequencing data, ILK overexpression and pharmacological inhibition as well as knockdown of KRAS in lung cancer cells. ILK, PINCH1 and PARVB (IPP) proteins are overexpressed in human LUADC and KRAS-driven LUADC in mice representing poor prognostic indicators. Genes implicated in ILK signaling are significantly enriched in KRAS-driven LUADC. Silencing of KRAS, as well as, overexpression and pharmacological inhibition of ILK in lung cancer cells provide evidence of a two-way association between ILK and KRAS. Upregulation of PINCH, PARVB and Ras suppressor-1 (RSU1) expression was demonstrated in ILK overexpressing lung cancer cells in addition to a significant positive correlation between these factors in tissue samples, while KRAS silencing downregulates IPP and RSU1. Pharmacological inhibition of ILK in KRAS mutant lung cancer cells suppresses cell growth, migration, EMT and increases sensitivity to platinum-based chemotherapy. ILK promotes an aggressive lung cancer phenotype with prognostic and therapeutic value through functions that involve KRAS, IPP complex and RSU1, rendering ILK a promising biomarker and therapeutic target in lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Nikou
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Patras, 26500, Patras, Greece
| | - Marina Arbi
- Department of General Biology, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece
| | | | - Chaido Sirinian
- Clinical and Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Division of Oncology, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504, Rio, Greece
| | - Panagiota Chadla
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Patras, 26500, Patras, Greece
| | - Ioanna Pappa
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Patras, 26500, Patras, Greece
| | - Giannoula Ntaliarda
- Laboratory for Molecular Respiratory Carcinogenesis, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, 2504, Rio, Achaia, Greece
| | - Georgios T Stathopoulos
- Laboratory for Molecular Respiratory Carcinogenesis, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, 2504, Rio, Achaia, Greece.,Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) and Institute for Lung Biology and Disease (iLBD), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Helen Papadaki
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Patras, 26500, Patras, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Zolota
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Zoi Lygerou
- Department of General Biology, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Haralabos P Kalofonos
- Clinical and Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Division of Oncology, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504, Rio, Greece.,Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, 26504, Rio, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Bravou
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Patras, 26500, Patras, Greece.
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Shen Y, Goncharov DA, Avolio T, Ray A, Okorie E, DeLisser H, Mora AL, Vanderpool R, Kudryashova TV, Goncharova EA. Differential effects of integrin-linked kinase inhibitor Cpd22 on severe pulmonary hypertension in male and female rats. Pulm Circ 2020; 10:2045894019898593. [PMID: 32110386 PMCID: PMC7016388 DOI: 10.1177/2045894019898593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive fatal disease with no cure. Inhibition of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) reverses experimental pulmonary hypertension (PH) in male mice, but its effect on severe experimental PH in either male or female animals is unknown. We examined effects of ILK inhibitor Cpd22 on rats with SU5416/hypoxia-induced PH; treatment was performed at six to eight weeks after PH initiation. Five weeks after PH initiation, male and female rats developed similar levels of PH. Eight weeks after PH induction, vehicle-treated male rats had more severe PH than females. Cpd22-treated males, but not females, showed complete suppression of phospho-Akt in small pulmonary arteries (PAs), significantly lower PA medial thickness and percentage of fully occluded arteries, decreased systolic right ventricle (RV) pressure, PA pressure, RV hypertrophy, RV end-diastolic pressure, and improved RV contractility index compared to vehicle-treated group. Cpd22 suppressed proliferation of human male and female PAH pulmonary artery vascular smooth muscle cell (PAVSMC). 17β-estradiol had no effect as a single agent but significantly attenuated Cpd22-dependent inhibition of proliferation in female, but not male, PAH PAVSMC. Taken together, these data demonstrate that male rats develop more severe PH than females but respond better to Cpd22 treatment by reducing pulmonary vascular remodeling, PH, and RV hypertrophy and improving RV functional outcomes. 17β-estradiol diminishes anti-proliferative effect of Cpd22 in female, but not male, human PAH PAVSMC. These findings suggest potential attractiveness of ILK inhibition to reduce established PH in males and suggest that the combination with estrogen-lowering drugs could be considered to maximize anti-proliferative and anti-remodeling effects of ILK inhibitors in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjun Shen
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dmitry A Goncharov
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Theodore Avolio
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Arnab Ray
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Evelyn Okorie
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Horace DeLisser
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Pulmonary Vascular Disease Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ana L Mora
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Ageing Institute, University of Pittsburgh Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca Vanderpool
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Elena A Goncharova
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,University of Pittsburgh Department of Bioengineering, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Asiatic Acid Interferes with Invasion and Proliferation of Breast Cancer Cells by Inhibiting WAVE3 Activation through PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:1874387. [PMID: 32104680 PMCID: PMC7035546 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1874387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective To explore the ability of asiatic acid to interfere with the invasion and proliferation of breast cancer cells by inhibiting WAVE3 expression and activation through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Methods The MDA-MB-231 cells with strong invasiveness were screened by transwell assay, and plasmids with high expression of WAVE3 were constructed for transfection. The transfection effect and protein expression level of plasmids were verified by PCR and WB. The effects of asiatic acid on cell proliferation and invasion were investigated by flow cytometry. The xenografted tumor models in nude mice were established to study the antitumor activity of asiatic acid. Results Asiatic acid significantly inhibited the activity of MDA-MB-231 cells, and the expression level of WAVE3 increased significantly in the tissue of ductal carcinoma in situ and was lower than that in the metastasis group. After plasmid transfection, the mRNA and protein expression of WAVE3 increased significantly in the cells. Asiatic acid at different concentrations had an impact on cell apoptosis and invasion and could significantly inhibit the expression of WAVE3, P53, p-PI3K, p-AKT, and other proteins. The T/C(%) of asiatic acid (50 mg/kg) for MDA-MB-231(F10) xenografted tumor in nude mice was 46.33%, with a tumor inhibition rate of 59.55%. Asiatic acid could significantly inhibit the growth of MDA-MB-231 (F10) xenografted tumors in nude mice (p < 0.05). Conclusions Asiatic acid interferes with the ability of breast cancer cells to invade and proliferate by inhibiting WAVE3 expression and activation and the mechanism of action may be related to the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Huang M, Zhu S, Huang H, He J, Tsuji K, Jin WW, Xie D, Ham O, Capen DE, Lu W, Păunescu TG, Yang B, Lu HAJ. Integrin-Linked Kinase Deficiency in Collecting Duct Principal Cell Promotes Necroptosis of Principal Cell and Contributes to Kidney Inflammation and Fibrosis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2019; 30:2073-2090. [PMID: 31653783 PMCID: PMC6830785 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2018111162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Necroptosis is a newly discovered cell death pathway that plays a critical role in AKI. The involvement of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) in necroptosis has not been studied. METHODS We performed experiments in mice with an Ilk deletion in collecting duct (CD) principal cells (PCs), and cultured tubular epithelial cells treated with an ILK inhibitor or ILK siRNA knockdown. RESULTS Ilk deletion in CD PCs resulted in acute tubular injury and early mortality in mice. Progressive interstitial fibrosis and inflammation associated with the activation of the canonical TGF-β signaling cascade were detected in the kidneys of the mice lacking ILK in the CD PCs. In contrast to the minimal apoptosis detected in the animals' injured CDs, widespread necroptosis was present in ILK-deficient PCs, characterized by cell swelling, deformed mitochondria, and rupture of plasma membrane. In addition, ILK deficiency resulted in increased expression and activation of necroptotic proteins MLKL and RIPK3, and membrane translocation of MLKL in CD PCs. ILK inhibition and siRNA knockdown reduced cell survival in cultured tubular cells, concomitant with increased membrane accumulation of MLKL and/or phospho-MLKL. Administration of a necroptosis inhibitor, necrostatin-1, blocked cell death in vitro and significantly attenuated inflammation, interstitial fibrosis, and renal failure in ILK-deficient mice. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrates the critical involvement of ILK in necroptosis through modulation of the RIPK3 and MLKL pathway and highlights the contribution of CD PC injury to the development of inflammation and interstitial fibrosis of the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shuai Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Huihui Huang
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jinzhao He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kenji Tsuji
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - William W Jin
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dongping Xie
- Department of Physiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Onju Ham
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Diane E Capen
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Weining Lu
- Renal Section, Departments of Medicine, and Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Teodor G Păunescu
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Baoxue Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China;
| | - Hua A Jenny Lu
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;
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13
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Wang MY, Meng M, Yang CC, Zhang L, Li YL, Zhang L, Li L. Cornel iridoid glycoside improves cognitive impairment induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion via activating PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β/CREB pathway in rats. Behav Brain Res 2019; 379:112319. [PMID: 31669346 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion is an important risk factor for vascular dementia (VaD) and other brain dysfunctions, for which there are currently no effective medications available. In the present study, we investigated the potential therapeutic effects of cornel iridoid glycoside (CIG) on VaD in rats modeled by permanent bilateral common carotid artery ligation (2-vessel occlusion, 2VO). The object recognition test (ORT) and Morris water maze (MWM) test were conducted to evaluate the learning and memory function. Western blot analysis and immunohistochemical staining were used to detect the expression of related proteins. Results showed that intragastric administration of CIG (30, 60, and 120 mg/kg) for 3 months significantly increased the discrimination index in ORT and decreased the escape latency in MWM test, ameliorating the learning and memory deficit in 2VO rats. Further data indicated that CIG increased the expression of neurotrophic factors (NGF and BDNF) and their receptors (TrkA and TrkB), glutamate receptor subunits (NMDAR1 and GluR2) in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of 2VO rats. In addition, CIG elevated the expression of PI3K subunits p110α and p85, further upregulated the phosphorylation of Akt, GSK3β-ser9 and CREB in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus at 3 months after 2VO surgery. Collectively, CIG treatment improved learning and memory deficit induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion via increasing neurotrophic factors thus protecting glutamate receptors and activating PI3K/Akt/GSK3β/CREB signaling pathway in rats. These results suggest that CIG may be beneficial to VaD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nerve System Drugs, Beijing, China
| | - Min Meng
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nerve System Drugs, Beijing, China
| | - Cui-Cui Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nerve System Drugs, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nerve System Drugs, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Li Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nerve System Drugs, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nerve System Drugs, Beijing, China.
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nerve System Drugs, Beijing, China.
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14
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Rsu1-dependent control of PTEN expression is regulated via ATF2 and cJun. J Cell Commun Signal 2019; 13:331-341. [PMID: 30680530 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-018-00504-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Rsu1 protein contributes to cell adhesion and migration via its association with the adaptor complex of Integrin linked kinase (ILK), PINCH, and Parvin (IPP), which binds to the cytoplasmic domain of β1 integrins joining integrins to the actin cytoskeleton. Rsu1 binding to PINCH in the IPP complex is required for EGF-induced adhesion, spreading and migration in MCF10A mammary epithelial cells. In addition, Rsu1 expression inhibits Jun kinase but is necessary for the activation of MKK4 and p38 Map kinase signaling essential for migration in MCF10A cells. The data reported here examines the links between MKK4-p38-ATF2 signaling and AKT regulation in MCF10A cells. Ectopic Rsu1 inhibited AKT1 phosphorylation while Rsu1 depletion induced AKT activation and AKT1 phosphorylation of MKK4 on serine 80, blocking MKK4 activity. Rsu1 depletion also reduced the RNA for lipid phosphatase PTEN thus implicating PTEN in modulating levels of activated AKT in these conditions. ChIP analysis of the PTEN promoter revealed that Rsu1 depletion prevented binding of ATF2 to a positive regulatory site in the PTEN promoter and the enhanced binding of cJun to a negatively regulatory PTEN promoter site. These results demonstrate a mechanism by which Rsu1 adhesion signaling alters the balance between MKK4-p38-ATF2 and cJun activation thus altering PTEN expression in MCF10A cells.
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15
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Zhang M, Liu J, Li M, Zhang S, Lu Y, Liang Y, Zhao K, Li Y. Insulin-like growth factor 1/insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor signaling protects against cell apoptosis through the PI3K/AKT pathway in glioblastoma cells. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:1477-1482. [PMID: 30116397 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a malignant tumor caused by complex pathological mechanisms, and is characterized by a high rate of cancer-related mortality and poor patient prognosis. Overgrowth of cancer cells, which results from the inhibition of cell apoptosis and/or the promotion of cell proliferation, leads to the progression of GBM. Therefore, studies into the regulatory mechanisms of cancer cell growth in GBM are required to identify potential therapeutic targets and improve treatment for GBM. In the present study, the role of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1)/IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) signaling in the survival of GBM cells was evaluated. It was observed that IGF1 significantly inhibited the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis (P<0.05), and overexpression of IGF1R significantly promoted the survival of GBM cells (P<0.05). Moreover, both exogenous IGF1 and overexpression of IGF1R promoted the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT), and inhibition of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway significantly attenuated the inhibitory effects of IGF1/IGF1R on GBM apoptosis (P<0.05). Collectively, these findings indicate that IGF1/IGF1R promotes the survival of GBM cells through activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Therefore, inhibition of IGF1/IGF1R may be a viable therapeutic strategy to suppress the progression of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingshi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154002, P.R. China
| | - Jinrui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154002, P.R. China
| | - Mingjun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154002, P.R. China
| | - Shihua Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154002, P.R. China
| | - Yanmei Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154002, P.R. China
| | - Yanqiu Liang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154002, P.R. China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Graduate School, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154002, P.R. China
| | - Yingfu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154002, P.R. China
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16
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Lee HS, Jung DW, Han S, Kang HS, Suh JH, Oh HS, Hwang MS, Moon G, Park Y, Hong JH, Koo YE. Veterinary drug, 17β-trenbolone promotes the proliferation of human prostate cancer cell line through the Akt/AR signaling pathway. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 198:364-369. [PMID: 29421751 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.01.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Trenbolone acetate (TBA) is a synthetic anabolic steroidal growth factor that is used for rapid muscle development in cattle. The absorbed TBA is hydrolyzed to the active form, 17β-trenbolone (17 TB; 17β-hydroxy-estra-4,9,11-trien-3-one) in meat and milk products, which can cause adverse health effects in humans. Similar to 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), 17 TB was reported to exhibit endocrine disrupting effects on animals and humans due to its androgenic effect via binding to the androgen receptor. The purpose of this study is to investigate the molecular mechanism of cell proliferation in prostate cancer (PCa) cells treated with 17 TB. We found that 17 TB induces AR-dependent cell proliferation in the human prostate cancer cell line, 22Rv1 in a concentration dependent manner. Treatment with 17 TB increased the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins, cyclin D2/CDK-4 and cyclin E/CDK-2, whereas the expression of p27 was down-regulated. Furthermore, phosphorylation of Rb and activation of E2F were also induced, which suggests the activation of cyclin D2/CDK-4 and cyclin E/CDK-2 in the cells. When 22Rv1 cells were exposed to 30 pM of 17 TB, which is the effective concentration (EC50) value required to observe proliferative effects on 22Rv1 cells, the expression levels of the phosphorylated forms of Akt and GSK3β were increased. This study demonstrates that 17 TB induces AR-dependent proliferation through the modulation of cell cycle-related proteins in the Akt signaling pathway. The present study provides an effective methodology for identifying cell proliferation signaling of veterinary drugs that exert AR agonistic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Seok Lee
- National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Republic of Korea.
| | - Da-Woon Jung
- National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Songyi Han
- National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui-Seung Kang
- National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hyang Suh
- National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Suk Oh
- National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Sil Hwang
- National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Guiim Moon
- National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Yooheon Park
- Dongguk University Research Institute of Biotechnology & Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi 10325, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hwan Hong
- National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Eui Koo
- National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Hatem-Vaquero M, Griera M, García-Jerez A, Luengo A, Álvarez J, Rubio JA, Calleros L, Rodríguez-Puyol D, Rodríguez-Puyol M, De Frutos S. Peripheral insulin resistance in ILK-depleted mice by reduction of GLUT4 expression. J Endocrinol 2017; 234:115-128. [PMID: 28490443 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The development of insulin resistance is characterized by the impairment of glucose uptake mediated by glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4). Extracellular matrix changes are induced when the metabolic dysregulation is sustained. The present work was devoted to analyze the possible link between the extracellular-to-intracellular mediator integrin-linked kinase (ILK) and the peripheral tissue modification that leads to glucose homeostasis impairment. Mice with general depletion of ILK in adulthood (cKD-ILK) maintained in a chow diet exhibited increased glycemia and insulinemia concurrently with a reduction of the expression and membrane presence of GLUT4 in the insulin-sensitive peripheral tissues compared with their wild-type littermates (WT). Tolerance tests and insulin sensitivity indexes confirmed the insulin resistance in cKD-ILK, suggesting a similar stage to prediabetes in humans. Under randomly fed conditions, no differences between cKD-ILK and WT were observed in the expression of insulin receptor (IR-B) and its substrate IRS-1 expressions. The IR-B isoform phosphorylated at tyrosines 1150/1151 was increased, but the AKT phosphorylation in serine 473 was reduced in cKD-ILK tissues. Similarly, ILK-blocked myotubes reduced their GLUT4 promoter activity and GLUT4 expression levels. On the other hand, the glucose uptake capacity in response to exogenous insulin was impaired when ILK was blocked in vivo and in vitro, although IR/IRS/AKT phosphorylation states were increased but not different between groups. We conclude that ILK depletion modifies the transcription of GLUT4, which results in reduced peripheral insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake, suggesting ILK as a molecular target and a prognostic biomarker of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Hatem-Vaquero
- Department of Systems BiologyPhysiology Unit, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Renal and REDinREN from Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Griera
- Department of Systems BiologyPhysiology Unit, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Renal and REDinREN from Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
| | - Andrea García-Jerez
- Department of Systems BiologyPhysiology Unit, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Renal and REDinREN from Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Luengo
- Department of Systems BiologyPhysiology Unit, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Renal and REDinREN from Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
| | - Julia Álvarez
- Endocrinology and Nutrition DepartmentHospital Príncipe de Asturias, Madrid, Spain
| | - José A Rubio
- Endocrinology and Nutrition DepartmentHospital Príncipe de Asturias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Calleros
- Department of Systems BiologyPhysiology Unit, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Renal and REDinREN from Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
| | - Diego Rodríguez-Puyol
- Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Renal and REDinREN from Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Foundation and Nephrology DepartmentHospital Príncipe de Asturias, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Systems BiologyPhysiology Unit, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Rodríguez-Puyol
- Department of Systems BiologyPhysiology Unit, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Renal and REDinREN from Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
| | - Sergio De Frutos
- Department of Systems BiologyPhysiology Unit, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Renal and REDinREN from Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
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18
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Mamuya FA, Cano-Peñalver JL, Li W, Rodriguez Puyol D, Rodriguez Puyol M, Brown D, de Frutos S, Lu HAJ. ILK and cytoskeletal architecture: an important determinant of AQP2 recycling and subsequent entry into the exocytotic pathway. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 311:F1346-F1357. [PMID: 27760768 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00336.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the past decade tremendous efforts have been made to understand the mechanism behind aquaporin-2 (AQP2) water channel trafficking and recycling, to open a path toward effective diabetes insipidus therapeutics. A recent study has shown that integrin-linked kinase (ILK) conditional-knockdown mice developed polyuria along with decreased AQP2 expression. To understand whether ILK also regulates AQP2 trafficking in kidney tubular cells, we performed in vitro analysis using LLCPK1 cells stably expressing rat AQP2 (LLC-AQP2 cells). Upon treatment of LLC-AQP2 cells with ILK inhibitor cpd22 and ILK-siRNA, we observed increased accumulation of AQP2 in the perinuclear region, without any significant increase in the rate of endocytosis. This perinuclear accumulation did not occur in cells expressing a serine-256-aspartic acid mutation that retains AQP2 in the plasma membrane. We then examined clathrin-mediated endocytosis after ILK inhibition using rhodamine-conjugated transferrin. Despite no differences in overall transferrin endocytosis, the endocytosed transferrin also accumulated in the perinuclear region where it colocalized with AQP2. These accumulated vesicles also contained the recycling endosome marker Rab11. In parallel, the usual vasopressin-induced AQP2 membrane accumulation was prevented after ILK inhibition; however, ILK inhibition did not measurably affect AQP2 phosphorylation at serine-256 or its dephosphorylation at serine-261. Instead, we found that inhibition of ILK increased F-actin polymerization. When F-actin was depolymerized with latrunculin, the perinuclear located AQP2 dispersed. We conclude that ILK is important in orchestrating dynamic cytoskeletal architecture during recycling of AQP2, which is necessary for its subsequent entry into the exocytotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahmy A Mamuya
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jose Luis Cano-Peñalver
- Department of Systems Biology, Physiology Unit, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Reina Sofia de Investigación Renal and Red de Investigación Renal (REDinREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; and
| | - Wei Li
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Diego Rodriguez Puyol
- Biomedical Research Foundation and Nephrology Department, Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, and Instituto Reina Sofia de Investigación Renal and REDinREN from Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Rodriguez Puyol
- Department of Systems Biology, Physiology Unit, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Reina Sofia de Investigación Renal and Red de Investigación Renal (REDinREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; and
| | - Dennis Brown
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sergio de Frutos
- Department of Systems Biology, Physiology Unit, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Reina Sofia de Investigación Renal and Red de Investigación Renal (REDinREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; and
| | - Hua Ann Jenny Lu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;
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19
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Kudryashova TV, Goncharov DA, Pena A, Kelly N, Vanderpool R, Baust J, Kobir A, Shufesky W, Mora AL, Morelli AE, Zhao J, Ihida-Stansbury K, Chang B, DeLisser H, Tuder RM, Kawut SM, Silljé HHW, Shapiro S, Zhao Y, Goncharova EA. HIPPO-Integrin-linked Kinase Cross-Talk Controls Self-Sustaining Proliferation and Survival in Pulmonary Hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 194:866-877. [PMID: 27119551 PMCID: PMC5074651 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201510-2003oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Enhanced proliferation and impaired apoptosis of pulmonary arterial vascular smooth muscle cells (PAVSMCs) are key pathophysiologic components of pulmonary vascular remodeling in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). OBJECTIVES To determine the role and therapeutic relevance of HIPPO signaling in PAVSMC proliferation/apoptosis imbalance in PAH. METHODS Primary distal PAVSMCs, lung tissue sections from unused donor (control) and idiopathic PAH lungs, and rat and mouse models of SU5416/hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH) were used. Immunohistochemical, immunocytochemical, and immunoblot analyses and transfection, infection, DNA synthesis, apoptosis, migration, cell count, and protein activity assays were performed in this study. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Immunohistochemical and immunoblot analyses demonstrated that the HIPPO central component large tumor suppressor 1 (LATS1) is inactivated in small remodeled pulmonary arteries (PAs) and distal PAVSMCs in idiopathic PAH. Molecular- and pharmacology-based analyses revealed that LATS1 inactivation and consequent up-regulation of its reciprocal effector Yes-associated protein (Yap) were required for activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-Akt, accumulation of HIF1α, Notch3 intracellular domain and β-catenin, deficiency of proapoptotic Bim, increased proliferation, and survival of human PAH PAVSMCs. LATS1 inactivation and up-regulation of Yap increased production and secretion of fibronectin that up-regulated integrin-linked kinase 1 (ILK1). ILK1 supported LATS1 inactivation, and its inhibition reactivated LATS1, down-regulated Yap, suppressed proliferation, and promoted apoptosis in PAH, but not control PAVSMCs. PAVSM in small remodeled PAs from rats and mice with SU5416/hypoxia-induced PH showed down-regulation of LATS1 and overexpression of ILK1. Treatment of mice with selective ILK inhibitor Cpd22 at Days 22-35 of SU5416/hypoxia exposure restored LATS1 signaling and reduced established pulmonary vascular remodeling and PH. CONCLUSIONS These data report inactivation of HIPPO/LATS1, self-supported via Yap-fibronectin-ILK1 signaling loop, as a novel mechanism of self-sustaining proliferation and apoptosis resistance of PAVSMCs in PAH and suggest a new potential target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andressa Pena
- 1 Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute
| | | | | | - Jeff Baust
- 1 Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute
| | | | - William Shufesky
- 3 Department of Surgery and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ana L Mora
- 1 Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute
- 2 Department of Medicine, and
| | - Adrian E Morelli
- 3 Department of Surgery and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Kaori Ihida-Stansbury
- 4 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- 5 Pulmonary Vascular Disease Program
| | - Baojun Chang
- 1 Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute
- 2 Department of Medicine, and
| | - Horace DeLisser
- 5 Pulmonary Vascular Disease Program
- 6 Department of Medicine, and
| | - Rubin M Tuder
- 7 Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; and
| | - Steven M Kawut
- 5 Pulmonary Vascular Disease Program
- 8 Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Herman H W Silljé
- 9 Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Yutong Zhao
- 1 Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute
- 2 Department of Medicine, and
| | - Elena A Goncharova
- 1 Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute
- 2 Department of Medicine, and
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20
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Li F, Hu J, Tian J, Xu K, Ni M, Wang B, Shen W, Li B. Effects of phoxim on nutrient metabolism and insulin signaling pathway in silkworm midgut. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 146:478-485. [PMID: 26741554 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Silkworm (Bombyx mori) is an important economic insect. Each year, poisoning caused by phoxim pesticide leads to huge economic losses in sericulture in China. Silkworm midgut is the major organ for food digestion and nutrient absorption. In this study, we found that the activity and expression of nutrition metabolism-related enzymes were dysregulated in midgut by phoxim exposure. DGE analysis revealed that 40 nutrition metabolism-related genes were differentially expressed. qRT-PCR results indicated that the expression levels of insulin/insulin growth factor signaling (IIS) pathway genes Akt, PI3K, PI3K60, PI3K110, IRS and PDK were reduced, whereas PTEN's expression was significantly increased in the midgut at 24 h after phoxim treatment. However, the transcription levels of Akt, PI3K60, PI3K110, IRS, InR and PDK were elevated and reached the peaks at 48 h, which were 1.48-, 1.35-, 1.21-, 2.24-, 2.89-, and 1.44-fold of those of the control, respectively. At 72 h, the transcription of these genes was reduced. Akt phosphorylation level was increasing along with the growth of silkworms in the control group. However, phoxim treatment led to increased Akt phosphorylation that surged at 24 h but gradually decreased at 48 h and 72 h. The results indicated that phoxim dysregulated the expression of IIS pathway genes and induced abnormal nutrient metabolism in silkworm midgut, which may be the reason of the slow growth of silkworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanchi Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Jingsheng Hu
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Jianghai Tian
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Kaizun Xu
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Min Ni
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Binbin Wang
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Weide Shen
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China.
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21
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Lee JY, Carugo D, Crake C, Owen J, de Saint Victor M, Seth A, Coussios C, Stride E. Nanoparticle-Loaded Protein-Polymer Nanodroplets for Improved Stability and Conversion Efficiency in Ultrasound Imaging and Drug Delivery. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:5484-92. [PMID: 26265592 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201502022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A new formulation of volatile nanodroplets stabilized by a protein and polymer coating and loaded with magnetic nanoparticles is developed. The droplets show enhanced stability and phase conversion efficiency upon ultrasound exposure compared with existing formulations. Magnetic targeting, encapsulation, and release of an anticancer drug are demonstrated in vitro with a 40% improvement in cytotoxicity compared with free drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Yu Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, Old Road Campus Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Dario Carugo
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, Old Road Campus Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Calum Crake
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, Old Road Campus Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Joshua Owen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, Old Road Campus Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Marie de Saint Victor
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, Old Road Campus Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Anjali Seth
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, Old Road Campus Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Constantin Coussios
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, Old Road Campus Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Eleanor Stride
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, Old Road Campus Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
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22
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Zhang BG, Du T, Zang MD, Chang Q, Fan ZY, Li JF, Yu BQ, Su LP, Li C, Yan C, Gu QL, Zhu ZG, Yan M, Liu B. Androgen receptor promotes gastric cancer cell migration and invasion via AKT-phosphorylation dependent upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase 9. Oncotarget 2015; 5:10584-95. [PMID: 25301736 PMCID: PMC4279395 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) plays an important role in many kinds of cancers. However, the molecular mechanisms of AR in gastric cancer (GC) are poorly characterized. Here, we investigated the role of AR in GC cell migration, invasion and metastatic potential. Our data showed that AR expression was positively correlated with lymph node metastasis and late TNM stages. These findings were accompanied by activation of AKT and upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9). AR overexpression induced increases in GC cell migration, invasion and proliferation in vitro and in vivo. These effects were attenuated by inhibition of AKT, AR and MMP9. AR overexpression upregulated MMP9 protein levels, whereas this effect was counteracted by AR siRNA. Inhibition of AKT by siRNA or an inhibitor (MK-2206 2HC) decreased AR protein expression in both stably transfected and parental SGC-7901 cells. Luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that AR bound to the AR-binding sites of the MMP9 promoter. In summary, AR overexpression induced by AKT phosphorylation upregulated MMP9 by binding to its promoter region to promote gastric carcinogenesis. The AKT/AR/MMP9 pathway plays an important role in GC metastasis and may be a novel therapeutic target for GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-gui Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Du
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. Department of Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-de Zang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Chang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-yuan Fan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-fang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bei-qin Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-ping Su
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin-long Gu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng-gang Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingya Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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23
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Krishnan A, Duraikannu A, Zochodne DW. Releasing 'brakes' to nerve regeneration: intrinsic molecular targets. Eur J Neurosci 2015; 43:297-308. [PMID: 26174154 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Restoring critical neuronal architecture after peripheral nerve injury is challenging. Although immediate regenerative responses to peripheral axon injury involve the synthesis of regeneration-associated proteins in neurons and Schwann cells, an unfavorable balance between growth facilitatory and growth inhibitory signaling impairs the growth continuum of injured peripheral nerves. Molecules involved with the signaling network of tumor suppressors play crucial roles in shifting the balance between growth and restraint during axon regeneration. An understanding of the molecular framework of tumor suppressor molecules in injured neurons and its impact on stage-specific regeneration events may expose therapeutic intervention points. In this review we discuss how signaling networks of the specific tumor suppressors PTEN, Rb1, p53, p27 and p21 are altered in injured peripheral nerves and how this impacts peripheral nerve regeneration. Insights into the roles and importance of these pathways may open new avenues for improving the neurological deficits associated with nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Krishnan
- Division of Neurology & Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, 7-123A Clinical Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Arul Duraikannu
- Division of Neurology & Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, 7-123A Clinical Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Douglas W Zochodne
- Division of Neurology & Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, 7-123A Clinical Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G3, Canada
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24
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Kalra J, Dragowska WH, Bally MB. Using Pharmacokinetic Profiles and Digital Quantification of Stained Tissue Microarrays as a Medium-Throughput, Quantitative Method for Measuring the Kinetics of Early Signaling Changes Following Integrin-Linked Kinase Inhibition in an In Vivo Model of Cancer. J Histochem Cytochem 2015; 63:691-709. [PMID: 25940338 PMCID: PMC4804727 DOI: 10.1369/0022155415587978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A small molecule inhibitor (QLT0267) targeting integrin-linked kinase is able to slow breast tumor growth in vivo; however, the mechanism of action remains unknown. Understanding how targeting molecules involved in intersecting signaling pathways impact disease is challenging. To facilitate this understanding, we used tumor tissue microarrays (TMA) and digital image analysis for quantification of immunohistochemistry (IHC) in order to investigate how QLT0267 affects signaling pathways in an orthotopic model of breast cancer over time. Female NCR nude mice were inoculated with luciferase-positive human breast tumor cells (LCC6Luc) and tumor growth was assessed by bioluminescent imaging (BLI). The plasma levels of QLT0267 were determined by LC-MS/MS methods following oral dosing of QLT0267 (200 mg/kg). A TMA was constructed using tumor tissue collected at 2, 4, 6, 24, 78 and 168 hr after treatment. IHC methods were used to assess changes in ILK-related signaling. The TMA was digitized, and Aperio ScanScope and ImageScope software were used to provide semi-quantitative assessments of staining levels. Using medium-throughput IHC quantitation, we show that ILK targeting by QLT0267 in vivo influences tumor physiology through transient changes in pathways involving AKT, GSK-3 and TWIST accompanied by the translocation of the pro-apoptotic protein BAD and an increase in Caspase-3 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Kalra
- Experimental Therapeutics BC Cancer Agency, British Columbia, Canada (JK,WHD,MBB),Langara College, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (JK)
| | - Weislawa H Dragowska
- Experimental Therapeutics BC Cancer Agency, British Columbia, Canada (JK,WHD,MBB)
| | - Marcel B Bally
- Experimental Therapeutics BC Cancer Agency, British Columbia, Canada (JK,WHD,MBB),Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia (MBB),Department of Biochemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia (MBB),Faculty of Pharm. Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia (MBB),Center for Drug Research and Development Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (MBB)
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25
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Xu X, Zheng Q, Zhang Z, Zhang X, Liu R, Liu P. Periostin Enhances Migration, Invasion, and Adhesion of Human Endometrial Stromal Cells Through Integrin-Linked Kinase 1/Akt Signaling Pathway. Reprod Sci 2015; 22:1098-106. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719115572481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qiaomei Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zongzheng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Taishan Medical University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ruihan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Peishu Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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26
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García-Jérez A, Luengo A, Carracedo J, Ramírez-Chamond R, Rodriguez-Puyol D, Rodriguez-Puyol M, Calleros L. Effect of uraemia on endothelial cell damage is mediated by the integrin linked kinase pathway. J Physiol 2014; 593:601-18; discussion 618. [PMID: 25398526 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.283887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Patients with chronic kidney disease have a higher risk of developing cardiovascular diseases than the general population. Their vascular endothelium is dysfunctional, among other things, because it is permanently exposed to uraemic toxins, several of which have poor clearance by conventional dialysis. Recent studies have demonstrated the important role of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) in the maintenance of endothelial integrity and in this study we investigate the involvement of ILK in the mechanism underlying vascular endothelial damage that occurs in uraemia. For the first time, we demonstrate the implication of ILK in the protection against endothelial cell damage (inhibition of proliferation, toxicity, oxidative stress and programed cell death) induced by uraemic serum from chronic kidney disease patients and uraemic toxins. This molecular mechanism may have clinical relevance because it highlights the importance of maintaining high levels of ILK activity to help preserve endothelial integrity, at least in early stages of chronic kidney disease. ABSTRACT Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a higher risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. Their vascular endothelium is dysfunctional, among other things, because it is permanently exposed to uraemic toxins, several of which, mostly protein-bound compounds such as indoxyl sulfate (IS) and p-cresyl sulphate, having poor clearance by conventional dialysis, induce endothelial toxicity. However, the molecular mechanism by which uraemic toxins regulate early stages of endothelial dysfunction remains unclear. Recent studies have demonstrated the important role of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) in the maintenance of endothelial integrity. In this study, we investigate the involvement of ILK in the mechanism underlying vascular endothelial damage that occurs in uraemia. First, we show that incubation of EA.hy926 cells with human uraemic serum from CKD patients upregulates ILK activity. This ILK activation also occurs when the cells are exposed to IS (25-100 μg ml(-1)), p-cresol (10-100 μg ml(-1)) or both combined, compared to human serum control. Next, we observed that high doses of both toxins together induce a slight decrease in cell proliferation and increase apoptosis and reactive oxygen species production. Interestingly, these toxic effects displayed a strong increase when the ILK protein is knocked down by small interfering RNA, even at low doses of uraemic toxins. Abrogation of AKT has demonstrated the ILK/AKT signalling pathway involved in these processes. This study has demonstrated the implication of ILK in the protection against endothelial cell damage induced by uraemic toxins, a molecular mechanism that could play a protective role in the early stages of endothelial dysfunction observed in uraemic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea García-Jérez
- Department of Systems Biology, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; IRSIN, Spain; REDinREN (Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain
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27
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In vitro antitumor activity of stellettin B, a triterpene from marine sponge Jaspis stellifera, on human glioblastoma cancer SF295 cells. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:4200-13. [PMID: 25028795 PMCID: PMC4113823 DOI: 10.3390/md12074200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Stellettin B was isolated from marine sponge Jaspis stellifera. In vitro antitumor activities were investigated on 39 human cancer cell lines. Stellettin B exhibited highly potent inhibition against the growth of a human glioblastoma cell line SF295, with a GI50 of 0.01 μM. In contrast, stellettin B showed very weak inhibitory activity on normal cell lines including HMEC, RPTEC, NHBE and PrEC, with GI50s higher than 10 μM, suggesting its relatively selective cytotoxicity against human cancer cells compared to normal human cell lines. We then focused on the antitumor activity of this compound on SF295 cells. Flow cytometric analysis indicated that stellettin B induced apoptosis in SF295 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Further study indicated that stellettin B increased the production of ROS, the activity of caspase 3/7, as well as the cleavage of PARP, each of which is known to be involved in apoptosis. To investigate the molecular mechanism for cell proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction, effect on the phosphorylation of several signal proteins of PI3K/Akt and RAS/MAPK pathways was examined. Stellettin B inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt potently, with no activity on p-ERK and p-p38, suggesting that inhibition of PI3K/Akt pathway might be involved in the antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing effect. However, homogenous time-resolved fluorescence (HTRF) assay indicated that stellettin B did not inhibit PI3K activity, suggesting that the direct target might be signal protein upstream of Akt pathway other than PI3K.
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28
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Li YC, Kuan YH, Lee TH, Huang FM, Chang YC. Assessment of the cytotoxicity of chlorhexidine by employing an in vitro mammalian test system. J Dent Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2013.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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29
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Zou Q, Jin J, Hu H, Li HS, Romano S, Xiao Y, Nakaya M, Zhou X, Cheng X, Yang P, Lozano G, Zhu C, Watowich SS, Ullrich SE, Sun SC. USP15 stabilizes MDM2 to mediate cancer-cell survival and inhibit antitumor T cell responses. Nat Immunol 2014; 15:562-70. [PMID: 24777531 PMCID: PMC4032322 DOI: 10.1038/ni.2885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Deubiquitinases (DUBs) are a new class of drug targets, although the physiological function of only few DUBs has been characterized. Here we identified the DUB USP15 as a crucial negative regulator of T cell activation. USP15 stabilized the E3 ubiquitin ligase MDM2, which in turn negatively regulated T cell activation by targeting the degradation of the transcription factor NFATc2. USP15 deficiency promoted T cell activation in vitro and enhanced T cell responses to bacterial infection and tumor challenge in vivo. USP15 also stabilized MDM2 in cancer cells and regulated p53 function and cancer-cell survival. Our results suggest that inhibition of USP15 may both induce tumor cell apoptosis and boost antitumor T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zou
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jin Jin
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hongbo Hu
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Haiyan S Li
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Simona Romano
- 1] Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA. [2] Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Yichuan Xiao
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mako Nakaya
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xiaofei Zhou
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xuhong Cheng
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Peirong Yang
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Guillermina Lozano
- 1] Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA. [2] The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Chengming Zhu
- 1] Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA. [2] The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Stephanie S Watowich
- 1] Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA. [2] The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Stephen E Ullrich
- 1] Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA. [2] The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shao-Cong Sun
- 1] Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA. [2] The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
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30
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Chautard E, Ouédraogo ZG, Biau J, Verrelle P. Role of Akt in human malignant glioma: from oncogenesis to tumor aggressiveness. J Neurooncol 2014; 117:205-15. [PMID: 24477623 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-014-1382-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Gathering evidence has revealed that Akt signaling pathway plays an important role in glioma progression and aggressiveness. Among Akt kinases the most studied, Akt1, has been involved in many cellular processes that are in favor of cell malignancy. More recently, the actions of the two other isoforms, Akt2 and Akt3 have emerged in glioma. After a description of Akt pathway activation, we will explore the role of each isoform in malignant glioma that strengthens the current preclinical and clinical studies evaluating the impact of Akt pathway targeting in glioblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Chautard
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, EA7283 CREaT, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France,
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31
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Wen PY, Kesari S, Drappatz J. Malignant gliomas: strategies to increase the effectiveness of targeted molecular treatment. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 6:733-54. [PMID: 16759164 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.6.5.733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recently, there has been increasing interest in the use of targeted molecular agents for the treatment of malignant gliomas. These agents are generally well tolerated but have demonstrated only modest activity. In this article, the current status of targeted molecular agents for malignant gliomas will be reviewed and strategies to improve their effectiveness will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Y Wen
- Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, SW430D, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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32
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Jin H, Liang L, Liu L, Deng W, Liu J. HDAC inhibitor DWP0016 activates p53 transcription and acetylation to inhibit cell growth in U251 glioblastoma cells. J Cell Biochem 2013; 114:1498-509. [PMID: 23297003 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Here we report a hydroacid named DWP0016, which exhibited HDAC inhibition and induced p53 acetylation in U251 glioblastoma cells. DWP0016 effectively inhibited the cell growth of U251 cells and other four carcinoma cell lines but did not affect the normal cells. Cell cycle distribution analysis showed DWP0016 arrested at G1 phase cell cycle dose-dependently in U251 cells. DWP0016 induced caspase-dependent and independent apoptosis in U251 cells, which was identified by flow cytometry analysis, caspases activity analysis, Western blotting assay, and caspases inhibition. Mechanisms research suggested that DWP0016 activated transcription and acetylation of tumor suppressor p53. DWP0016 regulated p300, CBP, and PCAF to facilitate p53 acetylation at lys382 in U251 cells. In addition, activation of p53 by DWP0016 promoted PUMA to catalyze mitochondrial pathway. Besides, siRNA assay indicated p53 was the key gene to induce growth inhibition, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis in DWP0016 treated U251 cells. Conclusively, our results show DWP0016 is a potent HDAC inhibitor and the anti-tumor activity is consistent with its intended p53 activation mechanisms. These findings indicate the promising antitumor potential of DWP0016 for further glioblastoma treatment applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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33
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Wu M, Chen Y, Jiang L, Li Y, Lan T, Wang Y, Qian H. Type II cGMP-dependent protein kinase inhibits epidermal growth factor-induced phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Akt signal transduction in gastric cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2013; 6:1723-1728. [PMID: 24273605 PMCID: PMC3834871 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2013.1630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study revealed that Type II cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG II) inhibits epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced MAPK/ERK and MAPK/JNK-mediated signal transduction through the inhibition of the phosphorylation/activation of the EGF receptor (EGFR). As EGFR also mediates several other signal transduction pathways besides MAPK-mediated pathways, the present study was designed to investigate whether PKG II was able to inhibit EGF/EGFR-induced phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt-mediated signal transduction. The AGS human gastric cancer cell line was infected with adenoviral constructs encoding a cDNA of PKG II (Ad-PKG II) to increase the expression of PKG II, and treated with 8-pCPT-cGMP to activate the enzyme. Western blotting was used to detect the phosphorylation/activation of the key components of the signal transduction pathway, including EGFR, PI3K, Akt, mTOR and NF-κB. The levels of apoptosis-related proteins, including Bax, Bcl-2, caspase 9 and DNA fragment factor (DFF), were also determined by western blotting. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling staining was used to detect the apoptosis of the AGS cells. The results revealed that EGF treatment increased the phosphorylation (activation) of EGFR, PI3K, Akt and mTOR, and increased the nuclear localization (activation) of NF-κB. EGF treatment also reduced the apoptosis of the AGS cells and increased the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl-2, but had no effect on the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein, Bax, and did not alter the levels of caspase 9 and DFF. Increasing the PKG II activity of AGS cells by infecting them with Ad-PKG II and stimulating them with 8-pCPT-cGMP inhibited the EGF-induced activation of EGFR, PI3K, Akt, mTOR and NF-κB; caused an increase in caspase 9 breakdown (activation) and DFF levels; and reversed the anti-apoptotic effect of EGF. The results suggest that PKG II may also inhibit EGF-induced signal transduction of PI3K/Akt-mediated pathways, and further confirm that PKG II is able to block the activation of EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
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34
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Paoli P, Giannoni E, Chiarugi P. Anoikis molecular pathways and its role in cancer progression. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1833:3481-3498. [PMID: 23830918 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 741] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Anoikis is a programmed cell death induced upon cell detachment from extracellular matrix, behaving as a critical mechanism in preventing adherent-independent cell growth and attachment to an inappropriate matrix, thus avoiding colonizing of distant organs. As anchorage-independent growth and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, two features associated with anoikis resistance, are vital steps during cancer progression and metastatic colonization, the ability of cancer cells to resist anoikis has now attracted main attention from the scientific community. Cancer cells develop anoikis resistance due to several mechanisms, including change in integrins' repertoire allowing them to grow in different niches, activation of a plethora of inside-out pro-survival signals as over-activation of receptors due to sustained autocrine loops, oncogene activation, growth factor receptor overexpression, or mutation/upregulation of key enzymes involved in integrin or growth factor receptor signaling. In addition, tumor microenvironment has also been acknowledged to contribute to anoikis resistance of bystander cancer cells, by modulating matrix stiffness, enhancing oxidative stress, producing pro-survival soluble factors, triggering epithelial-mesenchymal transition and self-renewal ability, as well as leading to metabolic deregulations of cancer cells. All these events help cancer cells to inhibit the apoptosis machinery and sustain pro-survival signals after detachment, counteracting anoikis and constituting promising targets for anti-metastatic pharmacological therapy. This article is part of a Special Section entitled: Cell Death Pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Paoli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Elisa Giannoni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Chiarugi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; Tuscany Tumor Institute and "Center for Research, Transfer and High Education, DENOTHE", 50134 Florence, Italy.
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Functional Role of mTORC2 versus Integrin-Linked Kinase in Mediating Ser473-Akt Phosphorylation in PTEN-Negative Prostate and Breast Cancer Cell Lines. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67149. [PMID: 23840605 PMCID: PMC3686768 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the rictor-mTOR complex (mTORC2) has been shown to act as phosphoinositide-dependent kinase (PDK)2 in many cell types, other kinases have also been implicated in mediating Ser473-Akt phosphorylation. Here, we demonstrated the cell line specificity of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) versus mTORC2 as PDK2 in LNCaP and PC-3 prostate and MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells, of which the PTEN-negative status allowed the study of Ser473-Akt phosphorylation independent of external stimulation. PC-3 and MDA-MB-468 cells showed upregulated ILK expression relative to LNCaP cells, which expressed a high abundance of mTOR. Exposure to Ku-0063794, a second-generation mTOR inhibitor, decreased Ser473-Akt phosphorylation in LNCaP cells, but not in PC-3 or MDA-MB-468 cells. In contrast, treatment with T315, a novel ILK inhibitor, reduced the phosphorylation of Ser473-Akt in PC-3 and MDA-MB-468 cells without affecting that in LNCaP cells. This cell line specificity was verified by comparing Ser473-Akt phosphorylation status after genetic knockdown of rictor, ILK, and other putative Ser-473-Akt kinases. Genetic knockdown of rictor, but not ILK or the other kinases examined, inhibited Ser473-Akt phosphorylation in LNCaP cells. Conversely, PC-3 and MDA-MB-468 cells were susceptible to the effect of ILK silencing on Ser473-Akt phosphorylation, while knockdown of rictor or any of the other target kinases had no appreciable effect. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated the physical interaction between ILK and Akt in PC-3 cells, and T315 blocked ILK-mediated Ser473 phosphorylation of bacterially expressed Akt. ILK also formed complexes with rictor in PC-3 and MDA-MB-468 cells that were disrupted by T315, but such complexes were not observed in LNCaP cells. In the PTEN-functional MDA-MB-231 cell line, both T315 and Ku-0063794 suppressed EGF-induced Ser473-Akt phosphorylation. Inhibition of ILK by T315 or siRNA-mediated knockdown suppressed epithelial-mesenchymal transition in MDA-MB-468 and PC-3 cells. Thus, we hypothesize that ILK might bestow growth advantage and metastatic potential in the course of tumor progression.
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A novel role of ribonuclease inhibitor in regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and ILK signaling pathway in bladder cancer cells. Cell Tissue Res 2013; 353:409-23. [PMID: 23703635 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-013-1638-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Human ribonuclease inhibitor (RI) is a cytoplasmic acidic protein possibly involved in biological functions other than the inhibition of RNase A and angiogenin activities. We have previously shown that RI can inhibit growth and metastasis in some cancer cells. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is regarded as the beginning of invasion and metastasis and has been implicated in the metastasis of bladder cancer. We therefore postulate that RI regulates EMT of bladder cancer cells. We find that the over-expression of RI induces the up-regulation of E-cadherin, accompanied with the decreased expression of proteins associated with EMT, such as N-cadherin, Snail, Slug, vimentin and Twist and of matrix metalloprotein-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9 and Cyclin-D1, both in vitro and in vivo. The up-regulation of RI inhibits cell proliferation, migration and invasion, alters cell morphology and adhesion and leads to the rearrangement of the cytoskeleton in vitro. We also demonstrate that the up-regulation of RI can decrease the expression of integrin-linked kinase (ILK), a central component of signaling cascades controlling an array of biological processes. The over-expression of RI reduces the phosphorylation of the ILK downstream signaling targets p-Akt and p-GSK3β in T24 cells. We further find that bladder cancer with a high-metastasis capability shows higher vimentin, Snail, Slug and Twist and lower E-cadherin and RI expression in human clinical specimens. Finally, we provide evidence that the up-regulation of RI inhibits tumorigenesis and metastasis of bladder cancer in vivo. Thus, RI might play a novel role in the development of bladder cancer through regulating EMT and the ILK signaling pathway.
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Verreault M, Weppler SA, Stegeman A, Warburton C, Strutt D, Masin D, Bally MB. Combined RNAi-mediated suppression of Rictor and EGFR resulted in complete tumor regression in an orthotopic glioblastoma tumor model. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59597. [PMID: 23555046 PMCID: PMC3598699 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is commonly over activated in glioblastoma (GBM), and Rictor was shown to be an important regulator downstream of this pathway. EGFR overexpression is also frequently found in GBM tumors, and both EGFR and Rictor are associated with increased proliferation, invasion, metastasis and poor prognosis. This research evaluated in vitro and in vivo whether the combined silencing of EGFR and Rictor would result in therapeutic benefits. The therapeutic potential of targeting these proteins in combination with conventional agents with proven activity in GBM patients was also assessed. In vitro validation studies were carried out using siRNA-based gene silencing methods in a panel of three commercially available human GBM cell lines, including two PTEN mutant lines (U251MG and U118MG) and one PTEN-wild type line (LN229). The impact of EGFR and/or Rictor silencing on cell migration and sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs in vitro was determined. In vivo validation of these studies was focused on EGFR and/or Rictor silencing achieved using doxycycline-inducible shRNA-expressing U251MG cells implanted orthotopically in Rag2M mice brains. Target silencing, tumor size and tumor cell proliferation were assessed by quantification of immunohistofluorescence-stained markers. siRNA-mediated silencing of EGFR and Rictor reduced U251MG cell migration and increased sensitivity of the cells to irinotecan, temozolomide and vincristine. In LN229, co-silencing of EGFR and Rictor resulted in reduced cell migration, and increased sensitivity to vincristine and temozolomide. In U118MG, silencing of Rictor alone was sufficient to increase this line’s sensitivity to vincristine and temozolomide. In vivo, while the silencing of EGFR or Rictor alone had no significant effect on U251MG tumor growth, silencing of EGFR and Rictor together resulted in a complete eradication of tumors. These data suggest that the combined silencing of EGFR and Rictor should be an effective means of treating GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite Verreault
- Experimental Neurooncology, Brain and Bone Marrow Institute Research Center, Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (MV); (MBB)
| | - Sherry A. Weppler
- Experimental Therapeutics, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Amelia Stegeman
- Experimental Therapeutics, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Corinna Warburton
- Experimental Therapeutics, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Dita Strutt
- Experimental Therapeutics, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Dana Masin
- Experimental Therapeutics, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Marcel B. Bally
- Experimental Therapeutics, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, Canada
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- * E-mail: (MV); (MBB)
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Zhang S, He Y, Tong Q, Chen Q, Wu X, Huang W. Deltonin induces apoptosis in MDA‑MB‑231 human breast cancer cells via reactive oxygen species‑mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and ERK/AKT signaling pathways. Mol Med Rep 2013; 7:1038-44. [PMID: 23314115 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Deltonin, a steroidal saponin isolated from Dioscorea zingiberensis Wright, exhibits high cytotoxic activity in cancer cells. In the present study, the effects of deltonin on cell proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated in the MDA‑MB‑231 human breast carcinoma cell line. Following treatment with deltonin, the viability of MDA‑MB‑231 cells was analyzed using MTT assay and apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential (∆Ψm) alternation and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was determined by flow cytometry. In addition, western blot analysis was performed to examine the expression of apoptosis‑associated proteins. The results demonstrated that deltonin induced apoptosis in MDA‑MB‑231 cells in a time‑ and concentration‑dependent manner. Apoptosis was associated with depolarization of ∆Ψm and time‑dependent ROS generation. Deltonin treatment also resulted in Bax upregulation, Bcl-2 downregulation, activation of caspase‑3 and ‑8 and poly (ADP ribose) polymerase cleavage. Decreased levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK) and phosphorylated AKT were also observed. Results indicate that the proliferation inhibitory effect of deltonin is associated with its apoptosis‑inducing effect, which may correlate with ROS‑mediated mitochondrial dysfunction as well as activation of the ERK/AKT signaling pathways. Therefore, deltonin may be a potential chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyuan Zhang
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Institute for Nanobiomedical Technology and Membrane Biology, West China Hospital/Medical School, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610041, PR China
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Balance between apoptosis or survival induced by changes in extracellular-matrix composition in human mesangial cells: a key role for ILK-NFκB pathway. Apoptosis 2012; 17:1261-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-012-0769-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Becker-Santos DD, Guo Y, Ghaffari M, Vickers ED, Lehman M, Altamirano-Dimas M, Oloumi A, Furukawa J, Sharma M, Wang Y, Dedhar S, Cox ME. Integrin-linked kinase as a target for ERG-mediated invasive properties in prostate cancer models. Carcinogenesis 2012; 33:2558-67. [PMID: 23027626 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgs285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately half of prostate cancers (PCa) carry TMPRSS2-ERG translocations; however, the clinical impact of this genomic alteration remains enigmatic. Expression of v-ets erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene like (avian) gene (ERG) promotes prostatic epithelial dysplasia in transgenic mice and acquisition of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) characteristics in human prostatic epithelial cells (PrECs). To explore whether ERG-induced EMT in PrECs was associated with therapeutically targetable transformation characteristics, we established stable populations of BPH-1, PNT1B and RWPE-1 immortalized human PrEC lines that constitutively express flag-tagged ERG3 (fERG). All fERG-expressing populations exhibited characteristics of in vitro and in vivo transformation. Microarray analysis revealed >2000 commonly dysregulated genes in the fERG-PrEC lines. Functional analysis revealed evidence that fERG cells underwent EMT and acquired invasive characteristics. The fERG-induced EMT transcript signature was exemplified by suppressed expression of E-cadherin and keratins 5, 8, 14 and 18; elevated expression of N-cadherin, N-cadherin 2 and vimentin, and of the EMT transcriptional regulators Snail, Zeb1 and Zeb2, and lymphoid enhancer-binding factor-1 (LEF-1). In BPH-1 and RWPE-1-fERG cells, fERG expression is correlated with increased expression of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) and its downstream effectors Snail and LEF-1. Interfering RNA suppression of ERG decreased expression of ILK, Snail and LEF-1, whereas small interfering RNA suppression of ILK did not alter fERG expression. Interfering RNA suppression of ERG or ILK impaired fERG-PrEC Matrigel invasion. Treating fERG-BPH-1 cells with the small molecule ILK inhibitor, QLT-0267, resulted in dose-dependent suppression of Snail and LEF-1 expression, Matrigel invasion and reversion of anchorage-independent growth. These results suggest that ILK is a therapeutically targetable mediator of ERG-induced EMT and transformation in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiana D Becker-Santos
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 1L3
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Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) expression correlates with tumor severity in clear cell renal carcinoma. Pathol Oncol Res 2012; 19:27-33. [PMID: 22814720 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-012-9554-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is an unique intracellular serine/threonine kinase and adapter protein. When dysregulated, it has been associated with increased cell proliferation, anchorage-independent cell growth, evasion of apoptosis, angiogenesis, invasion of surrounding tissues, downregulation of E-cadherin expression, nuclear translocation of β-catenin and metastasis, all features of tumoral malignancy. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the expression of ILK in clear cell renal carcinomas (CCRC) as a possible prognostic indicator. ILK immunoexpression was evaluated in a tissue microarray (TMA) with 45 human CCRCs. In addition, the apoptotic and proliferative indices and the immuno-expression of β-catenin and E-cadherin were also evaluated. E-cadherin expression was significantly decreased in tumors with positive ILK expression in relation to those with negative immunoexpression (p = 0.011). ILK immunostaining was significantly increased in high-grade in comparison to low-grade CCRCs (p = 0.0008). ILK expression was also associated with increased proliferative index (p = 0.020), tumor size >7.0 cm (p = 0.018) and with renal vein and capsule invasion (p = 0.003 and p = 0.00). Finally, tumors stage I and II (noninvasive) presented significantly reduced ILK immunoexpression when compared to stage III (locally invasive) (p = 0.0028). ILK immunoexpression in CCRC increases with loss of intercellular adhesion, nuclear grading, increased proliferative index and Robson stage. Altogether, our data suggest a possible role for ILK in the progression of CRCC.
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Carico C, Nuño M, Mukherjee D, Elramsisy A, Dantis J, Hu J, Rudnick J, Yu JS, Black KL, Bannykh SI, Patil CG. Loss of PTEN is not associated with poor survival in newly diagnosed glioblastoma patients of the temozolomide era. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33684. [PMID: 22479427 PMCID: PMC3315579 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pre-temozolomide studies demonstrated that loss of the tumor suppressor gene PTEN held independent prognostic significance in GBM patients. We investigated whether loss of PTEN predicted shorter survival in the temozolomide era. The role of PTEN in the PI3K/Akt pathway is also reviewed. METHODS Patients with histologically proven newly diagnosed GBM were identified from a retrospective database between 2007 and 2010. Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to calculate the independent effects of PTEN expression, age, extent of resection, Karnofsky performance scale (KPS), and treatment on overall survival. RESULTS Sixty-five percent of patients were men with median age of 63 years, and 70% had KPS≥80. Most patients (81%) received standard treatment (temozolomide with concurrent radiation). A total of 72 (47%) patients had retained PTEN expression. Median overall survival (OS) was 19.1 months (95% CI: 15.0-22.5). Median survival of 20.0 months (95% CI: 15.0-25.5) and 18.2 months (95% CI: 13.0-25.7) was observed in PTEN retained and PTEN loss patients, respectively (p = .71). PTEN loss patients were also found to have amplifications of EGFR gene more frequently than patients with retained PTEN (70.8% vs. 47.8%, p = .01). Multivariate analysis showed that older age (HR 1.64, CI: 1.02-2.63, p = .04), low KPS (HR 3.57, CI: 2.20-5.79, p<.0001), and lack of standard treatment (HR 3.98, CI: 2.38-6.65, p<.0001) yielded worse survival. PTEN loss was not prognostic of overall survival (HR 1.31, CI: 0.85-2.03, p = .22). CONCLUSIONS Loss of expression of PTEN does not confer poor overall survival in the temozolomide era. These findings imply a complex and non-linear molecular relationship between PTEN, its regulators and effectors in the tumorigenesis of glioblastoma. Additionally, there is evidence that temozolomide may be more effective in eradicating GBM cancer cells with PTEN loss and hence, level the outcomes between the PTEN retained and loss groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Carico
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neurosurgical Outcomes Research, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Miriam Nuño
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neurosurgical Outcomes Research, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Debraj Mukherjee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neurosurgical Outcomes Research, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Adam Elramsisy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neurosurgical Outcomes Research, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jocelynn Dantis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neurosurgical Outcomes Research, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jethro Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neurosurgical Outcomes Research, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jeremy Rudnick
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neurosurgical Outcomes Research, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - John S. Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neurosurgical Outcomes Research, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Keith L. Black
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neurosurgical Outcomes Research, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Serguei I. Bannykh
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Chirag G. Patil
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neurosurgical Outcomes Research, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Novel anti-cancer compounds for developing combinatorial therapies to target anoikis-resistant tumors. Pharm Res 2011; 29:621-36. [PMID: 22203324 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-011-0645-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Anoikis, a cell death pathway induced by loss of normal cell-matrix attachment or upon adhesion to a non-native matrix, ensures the balance between proliferative potential of normal cells and maintenance of tissue integrity. Thereby, anoikis serves as a potential molecular barrier against oncogenic transformation of normal cells. Cancer cells acquire anoikis resistance for survival and distant metastatic progression. During the acquisition of anoikis resistance, tumors modulate multiple cell signaling parameters through changes in the expression of up-stream receptors and by dynamically calibrating the dependency on down-stream signaling cascades. Many compounds that target the tumor-acquired switches in integrins, tumor antigens, growth factors, metabolic pathways, oxidative and osmotic-stress signaling are in various phases of pre-clinical and clinical development. Combinatorial approaches maximize the therapeutic efficacy and minimize the activation of alternate signaling pathways, which will otherwise contribute to drug resistance. In this regard, an integrated analysis of the mechanisms of action of potential drugs and lead compounds that can target significant nodes of anoikis signaling networks will provide a rational frame-work for further development and clinical use of respective agents, by formulating more effective combinatorial therapies, in patients with distinct drug-sensitivity profiles.
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Zhao G, Guo LL, Xu JY, Yang H, Huang MX, Xiao G. Integrin-linked kinase in gastric cancer cell attachment, invasion and tumor growth. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:3487-96. [PMID: 21941415 PMCID: PMC3163246 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i30.3487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Revised: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effects of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) on gastric cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo.
METHODS: ILK small interfering RNA (siRNA) was transfected into human gastric cancer BGC-823 cells and ILK expression was monitored by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting analysis and immunocytochemistry. Cell attachment, proliferation, invasion, microfilament dynamics and the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were also measured. Gastric cancer cells treated with ILK siRNA were subcutaneously transplanted into nude mice and tumor growth was assessed.
RESULTS: Both ILK mRNA and protein levels were significantly down-regulated by ILK siRNA in human gastric cancer cells. This significantly inhibited cell attachment, proliferation and invasion. The knockdown of ILK also disturbed F-actin assembly and reduced VEGF secretion in conditioned medium by 40% (P < 0.05). Four weeks after injection of ILK siRNA-transfected gastric cancer cells into nude mice, tumor volume and weight were significantly reduced compared with that of tumors induced by cells treated with non-silencing siRNA or by untreated cells (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Targeting ILK with siRNA suppresses the growth of gastric cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. ILK plays an important role in gastric cancer progression.
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Liang X, Sun Y, Chen J. Particularly interesting cysteine- and histidine-rich protein in cardiac development and remodeling. J Investig Med 2011; 57:842-8. [PMID: 19952891 DOI: 10.2310/jim.0b013e3181c5e31d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Integrin-mediated cell-extracellular matrix interaction plays key roles in tissue morphogenesis and integrity. The Lin11-Isl-1-Mec-3 (LIM) domain-only particularly interesting cysteine- and histidine-rich (PINCH) protein functions as an adaptor essential for the assembly and function of the focal adhesion complex that links integrin signaling to the cytoskeleton and other intracellular signaling pathways and regulates diverse cellular processes such as cell adhesion, migration, growth, differentiation, and survival. Recent biochemical and genetic studies have greatly advanced our knowledge surrounding the molecular interactions and functions of each component of the focal adhesion complex and revealed a requirement for PINCH in early embryogenesis, in morphogenesis of the neural crest and cardiac outflow, and in myocardial growth and remodeling. In this review article, we will provide an overview of the current knowledge of the molecular interactions of PINCH with other components of focal adhesions, highlighting recent discoveries of the in vivo role of PINCH and discuss its potential implication for human heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingqun Liang
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92093-0613C, USA
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Tong QY, Qing Y, Shu D, He Y, Zhao YL, Li Y, Wang ZL, Zhang SY, Xing ZH, Xu C, Wei YQ, Huang W, Wu XH. Deltonin, a steroidal saponin, inhibits colon cancer cell growth in vitro and tumor growth in vivo via induction of apoptosis and antiangiogenesis. Cell Physiol Biochem 2011; 27:233-42. [PMID: 21471712 DOI: 10.1159/000327949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Deltonin, a steroidal saponin, isolated from Dioscorea zingiberensis Wright (DZW), has shown high-cytotoxic activity in cancer cells. However, its mechanisms and in vivo anti-cancer effects remain unknown. In the present study, we evaluated the effects and explored the anti-tumor mechanisms of deltonin on a panel of colon cancer cell lines and in a mouse model of murine colon cancer C26. Deltonin had more cytotoxic effect on C26 cells than 5-fluorouracil had, promoting dramatic G2-M phase arrest and apoptosis in C26 cells in a concentration-dependent manner; oral administration of deltonin significantly inhibited the tumor growth and prolonged survival of the tumor bearing mice. The deltonin treatment caused a noticeable apoptosis in tumor tissue, which associated with increased levels of Bax, activated caspase-3, caspase-9, and cleaved poly (ADPribose) polymerase, decreased pro-caspase-8, pro-caspase-9, Bcl-2 expression levels and extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 activity; and dose-dependently inhibit angiogenesis. In conclusion, the findings in this study demonstrated that deltonin is an effective natural agent for cancer therapy, which may be mediated, in part, by induction of apoptosis, as well as involve mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, and inhibition of angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Yi Tong
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
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Cabodi S, del Pilar Camacho-Leal M, Di Stefano P, Defilippi P. Integrin signalling adaptors: not only figurants in the cancer story. Nat Rev Cancer 2010; 10:858-70. [PMID: 21102636 DOI: 10.1038/nrc2967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Current evidence highlights the ability of adaptor (or scaffold) proteins to create signalling platforms that drive cellular transformation upon integrin-dependent adhesion and growth factor receptor activation. The understanding of the biological effects that are regulated by these adaptors in tumours might be crucial for the identification of new targets and the development of innovative therapeutic strategies for human cancer. In this Review we discuss the relevance of adaptor proteins in signalling that originates from integrin-mediated cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion and growth factor stimulation in the context of cell transformation and tumour progression. We specifically underline the contribution of p130 Crk-associated substrate (p130CAS; also known as BCAR1), neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally down-regulated 9 (NEDD9; also known as HEF1), CRK and the integrin-linked kinase (ILK)-pinch-parvin (IPP) complex to cancer, along with the more recently identified p140 Cas-associated protein (p140CAP; also known as SRCIN1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cabodi
- Molecular Biotechnology Centre and Department of Genetics, Biology and Biochemistry, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, Torino 10126, Italy
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Anti-angiogenic therapy induces integrin-linked kinase 1 up-regulation in a mouse model of glioblastoma. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13710. [PMID: 21060779 PMCID: PMC2966411 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In order to improve our understanding of the molecular pathways that mediate tumor proliferation and angiogenesis, and to evaluate the biological response to anti-angiogenic therapy, we analyzed the changes in the protein profile of glioblastoma in response to treatment with recombinant human Platelet Factor 4-DLR mutated protein (PF4-DLR), an inhibitor of angiogenesis. Methodology/Principal Findings U87-derived experimental glioblastomas were grown in the brain of xenografted nude mice, treated with PF4-DLR, and processed for proteomic analysis. More than fifty proteins were differentially expressed in response to PF4-DLR treatment. Among them, integrin-linked kinase 1 (ILK1) signaling pathway was first down-regulated but then up-regulated after treatment for prolonged period. The activity of PF4-DLR can be increased by simultaneously treating mice orthotopically implanted with glioblastomas, with ILK1-specific siRNA. As ILK1 is related to malignant progression and a poor prognosis in various types of tumors, we measured ILK1 expression in human glioblatomas, astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas, and found that it varied widely; however, a high level of ILK1 expression was correlated to a poor prognosis. Conclusions/Significance Our results suggest that identifying the molecular pathways induced by anti-angiogenic therapies may help the development of combinaatorial treatment strategies that increase the therapeutic efficacy of angiogenesis inhibitors by association with specific agents that disrupt signaling in tumor cells.
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Liu Y, Zhou S, Ma L, Tian L, Wang S, Sheng Z, Jiang RJ, Bendena WG, Li S. Transcriptional regulation of the insulin signaling pathway genes by starvation and 20-hydroxyecdysone in the Bombyx fat body. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 56:1436-1444. [PMID: 20197069 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2010.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2010] [Revised: 02/12/2010] [Accepted: 02/12/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Genetic studies in the fruitfly, Drosophila melanogaster, have uncovered a conserved insulin/insulin growth factor signaling (IIS) pathway that regulates nutrition-dependent growth rates of insects. From the silkworm, Bombyx mori, we have identified and characterized several key genes involved in the IIS pathway, including InR, IRS, PI3K110, PI3K60, PTEN, PDK, and Akt. Tissue distribution analysis showed that most of these genes were highly expressed in the fat body implying that the IIS pathway is functionally important within insect adipose tissue. Developmental profile studies revealed that the expression levels of InR, IRS, PI3K110, and PDK were elevated in the fat body during molting and pupation, periods when animals ceased feeding and hemolymph levels of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) were high. Starvation rapidly up-regulated the mRNA levels of these same genes in the fat body, while 20E slowly induced their transcription. We conclude that 20E slowly reduces food consumption and then indirectly induces a state of starvation resulting in the elevation of the mRNA levels of InR, IRS, PI3K110, and PDK in the Bombyx fat body during molting and pupation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Evolution, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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50
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Maydan M, McDonald PC, Sanghera J, Yan J, Rallis C, Pinchin S, Hannigan GE, Foster LJ, Ish-Horowicz D, Walsh MP, Dedhar S. Integrin-linked kinase is a functional Mn2+-dependent protein kinase that regulates glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3beta) phosphorylation. PLoS One 2010; 5:e12356. [PMID: 20827300 PMCID: PMC2932980 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2010] [Accepted: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is a highly evolutionarily conserved, multi-domain signaling protein that localizes to focal adhesions, myofilaments and centrosomes where it forms distinct multi-protein complexes to regulate cell adhesion, cell contraction, actin cytoskeletal organization and mitotic spindle assembly. Numerous studies have demonstrated that ILK can regulate the phosphorylation of various protein and peptide substrates in vitro, as well as the phosphorylation of potential substrates and various signaling pathways in cultured cell systems. Nevertheless, the ability of ILK to function as a protein kinase has been questioned because of its atypical kinase domain. Methodology/Principal Findings Here, we have expressed full-length recombinant ILK, purified it to >94% homogeneity, and characterized its kinase activity. Recombinant ILK readily phosphorylates glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) peptide and the 20-kDa regulatory light chains of myosin (LC20). Phosphorylation kinetics are similar to those of other active kinases, and mutation of the ATP-binding lysine (K220 within subdomain 2) causes marked reduction in enzymatic activity. We show that ILK is a Mn-dependent kinase (the Km for MnATP is ∼150-fold less than that for MgATP). Conclusions/Significance Taken together, our data demonstrate that ILK is a bona fide protein kinase with enzyme kinetic properties similar to other active protein kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mykola Maydan
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Paul C. McDonald
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Jun Yan
- SignalChem Inc., Richmond, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Charalampos Rallis
- Developmental Genetics Laboratory, London Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment and UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sheena Pinchin
- Developmental Genetics Laboratory, London Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment and UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory E. Hannigan
- Centre for Cancer Research, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Leonard J. Foster
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David Ish-Horowicz
- Developmental Genetics Laboratory, London Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael P. Walsh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shoukat Dedhar
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- * E-mail:
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