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Rørvik SD, Torkildsen S, Bruserud Ø, Tvedt THA. Acute myeloid leukemia with rare recurring translocations-an overview of the entities included in the international consensus classification. Ann Hematol 2024; 103:1103-1119. [PMID: 38443661 PMCID: PMC10940453 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-024-05680-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Two different systems exist for subclassification of acute myeloid leukemia (AML); the World Health Organization (WHO) Classification and the International Consensus Classification (ICC) of myeloid malignancies. The two systems differ in their classification of AML defined by recurrent chromosomal abnormalities. One difference is that the ICC classification defines an AML subset that includes 12 different genetic abnormalities that occur in less than 4% of AML patients. These subtypes exhibit distinct clinical traits and are associated with treatment outcomes, but detailed description of these entities is not easily available and is not described in detail even in the ICC. We searched in the PubMed database to identify scientific publications describing AML patients with the recurrent chromosomal abnormalities/translocations included in this ICC defined patient subset. This patient subset includes AML with t(1;3)(p36.3;q21.3), t(3;5)(q25.3;q35.1), t(8;16)(p11.2;p13.3), t(1;22)(p13.3;q13.1), t(5;11)(q35.2;p15.4), t(11;12)(p15.4;p13.3) (involving NUP98), translocation involving NUP98 and other partner, t(7;12)(q36.3;p13.2), t(10;11)(p12.3;q14.2), t(16;21)(p11.2;q22.2), inv(16)(p13.3q24.3) and t(16;21)(q24.3;q22.1). In this updated review we describe the available information with regard to frequency, biological functions of the involved genes and the fusion proteins, morphology/immunophenotype, required diagnostic procedures, clinical characteristics (including age distribution) and prognostic impact for each of these 12 genetic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Synne D Rørvik
- Department of Cardiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Synne Torkildsen
- Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øystein Bruserud
- Acute Leukemia Research Group, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Section for Hematology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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2
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Smith E, Krishnan C. An unusual presentation of a pediatric patient with mixed phenotypic acute leukemia with PICALM::MLLT10 gene rearrangement. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2023; 40:778-785. [PMID: 37171905 DOI: 10.1080/08880018.2023.2197938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Mixed phenotype leukemia (MPAL) is a rare type of acute leukemia with blasts that co-express antigens of more than one lineage on the same cell or that have separate populations of blasts of different lineages. Here, we report a five-year-old male with inguinal lymphadenopathy diagnosed with MPAL-T/Myeloid MPAL-T/M. The clone demonstrated lineage and immunophenotypically distinct blast populations in the bone marrow and lymph nodes. Bone marrow cytogenetic studies confirmed a rare PICALM::MLLT10 gene fusion. Patients with this fusion gene have been found to have high risk features and poor survival rates in several small case series. Our case report highlights an unusual presentation in medullary and extramedullary sites, within a pediatric patient. At the time of submission of this case report, the patient has shown good response to chemotherapy and continues to be in remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erlyn Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, Studer Family Children's Hospital at Ascension Sacred Heart, University of Florida, Pensacola, Florida, USA
| | - Chandra Krishnan
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas, Dell Children's Medical Center, Austin, Texas, USA
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3
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Yao H, Lyu F, Ma J, Sun F, Tang G, Wu J, Zhou Z. PIMREG is a prognostic biomarker involved in immune microenvironment of clear cell renal cell carcinoma and associated with the transition from G1 phase to S phase. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1035321. [PMID: 36776322 PMCID: PMC9909346 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1035321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of the most common tumors in the world and affects human health seriously. PIMREG is a mitotic regulator which is essential to the metaphase-to-anaphase transition in cell cycle. Although PIMREG plays a crucial role in the malignant progression of tumors, there are few reports on its role in ccRCC. Methods The transcriptional expression profile and clinical data of PIMREG were downloaded from TCGA database and verified by qRT-PCR. Kaplan-Meier plotter was used to analyze the effect of PIMREG on overall survival (OS), disease specific survival (DSS) and progression-free interval (PFI) of patients with ccRCC. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analysis were used to determine the independent prognostic factors of ccRCC. The effects of PIMREG on cell migration and invasion were detected by wound healing assay and transwell invasion assay, and CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay and cell cycle assay were used to detect the effect of PIMREG on cell proliferation. In addition, the changes in cell cycle related proteins were detected by western blot. Results PIMREG was highly expressed in human ccRCC and was positively correlated with pathologic stage, TNM stage and histologic grade. In addition, patients with high expression of PIMREG had a poor prognosis. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analysis identified that PIMREG was an independent prognostic factor of ccRCC. Additionally, PIMREG was also closely related to immune cell infiltration. Experiments in vitro identified that the knockdown of PIMREG could significantly inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion abilities of ccRCC. The expression of cyclin D1, CDK4 and CDK6 was also significantly reduced after PIMREG knockdown. Conclusions PIMREG plays a vital role in the development of ccRCC and may become a potential therapeutic target in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibao Yao
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Feifei Lyu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Ma
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Fengze Sun
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Gonglin Tang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Jitao Wu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China,*Correspondence: Zhongbao Zhou, ; Jitao Wu,
| | - Zhongbao Zhou
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China,Department of Urology, Beijing TianTan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Zhongbao Zhou, ; Jitao Wu,
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4
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Hashimoto K, Kodama A, Ohira M, Kimoto M, Nakagawa R, Usui Y, Ujihara Y, Hanashima A, Mohri S. Postnatal expression of cell cycle promoter Fam64a causes heart dysfunction by inhibiting cardiomyocyte differentiation through repression of Klf15. iScience 2022; 25:104337. [PMID: 35602953 PMCID: PMC9118685 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction of fetal cell cycle genes into damaged adult hearts has emerged as a promising strategy for stimulating proliferation and regeneration of postmitotic adult cardiomyocytes. We have recently identified Fam64a as a fetal-specific cell cycle promoter in cardiomyocytes. Here, we analyzed transgenic mice maintaining cardiomyocyte-specific postnatal expression of Fam64a when endogenous expression was abolished. Despite an enhancement of cardiomyocyte proliferation, these mice showed impaired cardiomyocyte differentiation during postnatal development, resulting in cardiac dysfunction in later life. Mechanistically, Fam64a inhibited cardiomyocyte differentiation by repressing Klf15, leading to the accumulation of undifferentiated cardiomyocytes. In contrast, introduction of Fam64a in differentiated adult wildtype hearts improved functional recovery upon injury with augmented cell cycle and no dedifferentiation in cardiomyocytes. These data demonstrate that Fam64a inhibits cardiomyocyte differentiation during early development, but does not induce de-differentiation in once differentiated cardiomyocytes, illustrating a promising potential of Fam64a as a cell cycle promoter to attain heart regeneration. Overexpression of cell cycle promoter Fam64a in cardiomyocytes causes heart failure Fam64a inhibits cardiomyocyte differentiation during development by repressing Klf15 Transient and local induction of Fam64a in adult hearts improves recovery upon injury Fam64a activates cardiomyocyte cell cycle without dedifferentiation upon injury
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Hashimoto
- First Department of Physiology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki 701-0192, Japan
| | - Aya Kodama
- First Department of Physiology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki 701-0192, Japan
| | - Momoko Ohira
- First Department of Physiology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki 701-0192, Japan
| | - Misaki Kimoto
- First Department of Physiology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki 701-0192, Japan
| | - Reiko Nakagawa
- Laboratory for Phyloinformatics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yuu Usui
- First Department of Physiology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki 701-0192, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ujihara
- Department of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Akira Hanashima
- First Department of Physiology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki 701-0192, Japan
| | - Satoshi Mohri
- First Department of Physiology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki 701-0192, Japan
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5
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FAM64A promotes HNSCC tumorigenesis by mediating transcriptional autoregulation of FOXM1. Int J Oral Sci 2022; 14:25. [PMID: 35538067 PMCID: PMC9091245 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-022-00174-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) still lacks effective targeted treatment. Therefore, exploring novel and robust molecular targets is critical for improving the clinical outcome of HNSCC. Here, we reported that the expression levels of family with sequence similarity 64, member A (FAM64A) were significantly higher in HNSCC tissues and cell lines. In addition, FAM64A overexpression was found to be strongly associated with an unfavorable prognosis of HNSCC. Both in vitro and in vivo evidence showed that FAM64A depletion suppressed the malignant activities of HNSCC cells, and vice versa. Moreover, we found that the FAM64A level was progressively increased from normal to dysplastic to cancerous tissues in a carcinogenic 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide mouse model. Mechanistically, a physical interaction was found between FAM64A and forkhead box protein M1 (FOXM1) in HNSCC cells. FAM64A promoted HNSCC tumorigenesis not only by enhancing the transcriptional activity of FOXM1, but also, more importantly, by modulating FOXM1 expression via the autoregulation loop. Furthermore, a positive correlation between FAM64A and FOXM1 was found in multiple independent cohorts. Taken together, our findings reveal a previously unknown mechanism behind the activation of FOXM1 in HNSCC, and FAM64A might be a promising molecular therapeutic target for treating HNSCC.
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Serafim RB, Cardoso C, Arfelli VC, Valente V, Archangelo LF. PIMREG expression level predicts glioblastoma patient survival and affects temozolomide resistance and DNA damage response. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166382. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Zhang H, Guo Z, Liu X, Zhao Y, Chen Y, Zhang M, Fu L, Gu F, Ma Y. Endocytic protein intersectin1-S shuttles into nucleus to suppress the DNA replication in breast cancer. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:922. [PMID: 34625530 PMCID: PMC8501101 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04218-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide. However, the well-known molecular biomarkers are not enough to meet the needs of precision medicine. In search for novel targets in this regard, we reported ITSN1 (intersectin1) as one of the candidates through mRNA microarray analysis. In the present study, we reported that endocytic protein ITSN1-S exists not only in the cytoplasm but also in nuclei of breast cancer cells. ITSN1-S' functional nuclear localization signal is within its residues 306-312. Its nuclear export signal (NES) resides within its SH3 domains. We also found, the interaction between the CC domain of nuclear ITSN1-S and the NT domain of nuclear DNA helicase II (NDH II) directly suppressed the DNA replication and nascent DNA synthesis by inhibiting the R-loops resolution in breast cancer cells. Furthermore, the interaction between the EH domains of cytoplasmic ITSN1-S and PI3KC2α inhibit cell migration and invasion by inactivating the PI3KC2α-AKT pathway. Our results were confirmed in both ITSN1 gene knockout cells and in vivo assays. Finally, our clinical data showed a potential application of the combined consideration of the cytoplasmic and nuclear ITSN1-S as an independent prognosis factor. In conclusion, our study revealed ITSN1-S' novel positioning in the nuclei of breast cancer cells, its function in suppressing DNA replication, and its potential application in improved breast cancer prognosis.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport/chemistry
- Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport/metabolism
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation
- DNA Replication
- DNA, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- Endocytosis
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Nuclear Localization Signals
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Prognosis
- Protein Binding
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Wound Healing
- src Homology Domains
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Huikun Zhang
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhifang Guo
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Yawen Zhao
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongzi Chen
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Li Fu
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Gu
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongjie Ma
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China.
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Zhu H, Hu X, Ye Y, Jian Z, Zhong Y, Gu L, Xiong X. Pan-Cancer Analysis of PIMREG as a Biomarker for the Prognostic and Immunological Role. Front Genet 2021; 12:687778. [PMID: 34594356 PMCID: PMC8477005 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.687778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol binding clathrin assembly protein interacting mitotic regulator (PIMREG) localizes to the nucleus and can significantly elevate the nuclear localization of clathrin assembly lymphomedullary leukocythemia gene. Although there is some evidence to support an important action for PIMREG in the occurrence and development of certain cancers, currently no pan-cancer analysis of PIMREG is available. Therefore, we intended to estimate the prognostic predictive value of PIMREG and to explore its potential immune function in 33 cancer types. By using a series of bioinformatics approaches, we extracted and analyzed datasets from Oncomine, The Cancer Genome Atlas, Cancer Cell Lineage Encyclopedia (CCLE) and the Human Protein Atlas (HPA), to explore the underlying carcinogenesis of PIMREG, including relevance of PIMREG to prognosis, microsatellite instability (MSI), tumor mutation burden (TMB), tumor microenvironment (TME) and infiltration of immune cells in various types of cancer. Our findings indicate that PIMREG is highly expressed in at least 24 types of cancer, and is negatively correlated with prognosis in major cancer types. In addition, PIMREG expression was correlated with TMB in 24 cancers and with MSI in 10 cancers. We revealed that PIMREG is co-expressed with genes encoding major histocompatibility complex, immune activation, immune suppression, chemokine and chemokine receptors. We also found that the different roles of PIMREG in the infiltration of different immune cell types in different tumors. PIMREG can potentially influence the etiology or pathogenesis of cancer by acting on immune-related pathways, chemokine signaling pathway, regulation of autophagy, RIG-I like receptor signaling pathway, antigen processing and presentation, FC epsilon RI pathway, complement and coagulation cascades, T cell receptor pathway, NK cell mediated cytotoxicity and other immune-related pathways. Our study suggests that PIMREG can be applied as a prognostic marker in a variety of malignancies because of its role in tumorigenesis and immune infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinyao Hu
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingze Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihong Jian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lijuan Gu
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoxing Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Jiang F, Liang M, Huang X, Shi W, Wang Y. High expression of PIMREG predicts poor survival outcomes and is correlated with immune infiltrates in lung adenocarcinoma. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11697. [PMID: 34268011 PMCID: PMC8269662 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background PIMREG is upregulated in multiple cancer types. However, the potential role of PIMREG in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains unclear. The present study aimed to explore its clinical significance in LUAD. Methods Using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases, we obtained 513 samples of LUAD and 59 normal samples from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases to analyze the relationship between PIMREG and LUAD. We used t and Chi-square tests to evaluate the level of expression of PIMREG and its clinical implication in LUAD. The prognostic value of PIMREG in LUAD was identified through the Kaplan–Meier method, Cox regression analysis, and nomogram. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) were performed to screen biological pathways and analyze the correlation of the immune infiltrating level with the expression of PIMREG in LUAD. Results PIMREG was highly expressed in patients with LUAD. Specifically, the level of PIMREG gradually increased from pathological stage I to IV. Further, we validated the higher expression of PIMREG expressed in LUAD cell lines. Moreover, PIMREG had a high diagnostic value, with an -AUC of 0.955. Kaplan–Meier survival and Cox regression analyses revealed that the high expression of PIMREG was independently associated with poor clinical outcomes. In our prognostic nomogram, the expression of PIMREG implied a significant prognostic value. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) identified that the high expression PIMREG phenotype was involved in the mitotic cell cycle, mRNA splicing, DNA repair, Rho GTPase signaling, TP53 transcriptional regulation, and translation pathways. Next, we also explored the correlation of PIMREG and tumor-immune interactions and found a negative correlation between PIMREG and the immune infiltrating level of T cells, macrophages, B cells, dendritic cells (DCs) , and CD8+ T cells in LUAD. Conclusions High levels of PIMREG correlated with poor prognosis and immune infiltrates in LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Min Liang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaolu Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenjing Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yumin Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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10
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Zhou Y, Ou L, Xu J, Yuan H, Luo J, Shi B, Li X, Yang S, Wang Y. FAM64A is an androgen receptor-regulated feedback tumor promoter in prostate cancer. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:668. [PMID: 34215720 PMCID: PMC8253826 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03933-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine therapy for prostate cancer (PCa) mainly inhibits androgen receptor (AR) signaling, due to increased androgen synthesis and AR changes, PCa evolved into castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). The function of Family With Sequence Similarity 64 Member A (FAM64A) and its association with prostate cancer has not been reported. In our research, we first reported that FAM64A is up-regulated and positively associated with poor prognosis of patients with prostate cancer (PCa) by TCGA database and immunohistochemistry staining. Moreover, knockdown of FAM64A significantly suppressed the proliferation, migration, invasion, and cell cycle of PCa cells in vitro. Mechanistically, FAM64A expression was increased by dihydrotestosterone (DHT) through direct binding of AR to FAM64A promoter, and notably promoted the proliferation, migration, invasion, and cell cycle of androgen-dependent cell line of PCa. In addition, abnormal expression of FAM64A affects the immune and interferon signaling pathway of PCa cells. In conclusion, FAM64A was up-regulated by AR through directly binding to its specific promoter region to promote the development of PCa, and was associated with the immune mechanism and interferon signaling pathway, which provided a better understanding and a new potential for treating PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchen Zhou
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Institute of Urology, Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Surgery, Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academic of Medical Science Shenzhen, University of South China, Shenzhen, China
| | - Longhua Ou
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinming Xu
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haichao Yuan
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Institute of Urology, Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junhua Luo
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Institute of Urology, Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bentao Shi
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xianxin Li
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Institute of Urology, Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, China. .,Department of Urology, Taikang Qianhai International Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Shangqi Yang
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Institute of Urology, Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Institute of Urology, Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, China.
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11
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Shinden Y, Hirashima T, Nohata N, Toda H, Okada R, Asai S, Tanaka T, Hozaka Y, Ohtsuka T, Kijima Y, Seki N. Molecular pathogenesis of breast cancer: impact of miR-99a-5p and miR-99a-3p regulation on oncogenic genes. J Hum Genet 2020; 66:519-534. [PMID: 33177704 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-020-00865-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Our recent research has revealed that passenger strands of certain microRNAs (miRNAs) function as tumor-suppressive miRNAs in cancer cells, e.g., miR-101-5p, miR-143-5p, miR-144-5p, miR-145-3p, and miR-150-3p. Thus, they are important in cancer pathogenesis. Analysis of the miRNA expression signature of breast cancer (BrCa) showed that the expression levels of two miRNAs derived from pre-miR-99a (miR-99a-5p and miR-99a-3p) were suppressed in cancerous tissues. The aim of this study was to identify oncogenic genes controlled by pre-miR-99a that are closely involved in the molecular pathogenesis of BrCa. A total of 113 genes were identified as targets of pre-miR-99a regulation (19 genes modulated by miR-99a-5p, and 95 genes regulated by miR-99a-3p) in BrCa cells. Notably, FAM64A was targeted by both of the miRNAs. Among these targets, high expression of 16 genes (C5orf22, YOD1, SLBP, F11R, C12orf49, SRPK1, ZNF250, ZNF695, CDK1, DNMT3B, TRIM25, MCM4, CDKN3, PRPS, FAM64A, and DESI2) significantly predicted reduced survival of BrCa patients based upon The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. In this study, we focused on FAM64A and investigated the relationship between FAM64A expression and molecular pathogenesis of BrCa subtypes. The upregulation of FAM64A was confirmed in BrCa clinical specimens. Importantly, the expression of FAM64A significantly differed between patients with Luminal-A and Luminal-B subtypes. Our data strongly suggest that the aberrant expression of FAM64A is involved in the malignant transformation of BrCa. Our miRNA-based approaches (identification of tumor-suppressive miRNAs and their controlled targets) will provide novel information regarding the molecular pathogenesis of BrCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Shinden
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Hirashima
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | | | - Hiroko Toda
- Department of Breast Surgery, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Reona Okada
- Department of Functional Genomics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Shunichi Asai
- Department of Functional Genomics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Takako Tanaka
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yuto Hozaka
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Takao Ohtsuka
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yuko Kijima
- Department of Breast Surgery, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Naohiko Seki
- Department of Functional Genomics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
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12
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FAM64A: A Novel Oncogenic Target of Lung Adenocarcinoma Regulated by Both Strands of miR-99a ( miR-99a-5p and miR-99a-3p). Cells 2020; 9:cells9092083. [PMID: 32932948 PMCID: PMC7564711 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most aggressive cancer and the prognosis of these patients is unfavorable. We revealed that the expression levels of both strands of miR-99a (miR-99a-5p and miR-99a-3p) were significantly suppressed in several cancer tissues. Analyses of large The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets showed that reduced miR-99a-5p or miR-99a-3p expression is associated with worse prognoses in LUAD patients (disease-free survival (DFS): p = 0.1264 and 0.0316; overall survival (OS): p = 0.0176 and 0.0756, respectively). Ectopic expression of these miRNAs attenuated LUAD cell proliferation, suggesting their tumor-suppressive roles. Our in silico analysis revealed 23 putative target genes of pre-miR-99a in LUAD cells. Among these targets, high expressions of 19 genes were associated with worse prognoses in LUAD patients (OS: p < 0.05). Notably, FAM64A was regulated by both miR-99a-5p and miR-99a-3p in LUAD cells, and its aberrant expression was significantly associated with poor prognosis in LUAD patients (OS: p = 0.0175; DFS: p = 0.0276). FAM64A knockdown using siRNAs suggested that elevated FAM64A expression contributes to cancer progression. Aberrant FAM64A expression was detected in LUAD tissues by immunostaining. Taken together, our miRNA-based analysis might be effective for identifying prognostic and therapeutic molecules in LUAD.
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13
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Jiang ZM, Li HB, Chen SG. PIMREG, a Marker of Proliferation, Facilitates Aggressive Development of Cholangiocarcinoma Cells Partly Through Regulating Cell Cycle-Related Markers. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020; 19:1533033820979681. [PMID: 33356974 PMCID: PMC7768323 DOI: 10.1177/1533033820979681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphatidylinositol binding clathrin assembly protein interacting mitotic regulator (PIMREG) is a protein associated with cell proliferation. Its aberrant expression was reported to be correlated with the development in multiple tumors. However, its role in cholangiocarcinoma (CAA) has not yet been evaluated in detail. METHODS Data were acquired from the public TCGA database for evaluating the expression pattern of PIMREG and assessing its clinical relevance as well as its correlation with overall survival. RBE and HUH28 cell lines were selected to perform loss- and gain-of-function of PIMREG assays respectively. Quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blot analyses were used to measure the mRNA and protein levels of PIMREG. Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation tests, and Transwell assays served to measure the effect of PIMREG on the proliferative, invasive and migratory capacities of CAA cells, appropriately. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was conducted to identify PIMREG associated gene set, which was further confirmed by western blot. RESULTS PIMREG was found to be highly expressed in CAA tissues and cell lines according to the public dataset and RT-qPCR analysis, and negatively related to the prognosis of patients with CAA. Moreover, knockdown of PIMREG suppressed and overexpression of PIMREG promoted the proliferation, invasion and migration of CAA cells. Furthermore, GSEA revealed that high PIMREG expression was positively associated with cell cycle signaling. And the next western blot analysis demonstrated that silencing PIMREG resulted in a reduction on the levels of p-CDK1, CCNE1, and CCNB1, whereas PIMREG overexpression led to an opposite result. CONCLUSION The results suggested that PIMREG facilitates the growth, invasion and migration of CAA cells partly by regulating the cell cycle relative biomarkers, revealing that PIMREG may be a crucial molecule in the progression of CAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Ming Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Mengyin County People’s Hospital,
Mengyin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-Bin Li
- Second Department of Surgery, Menglianggu Branch of Mengyin County
People’s Hospital, Duozhuang Town, Mengyin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shu-Guo Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Mengyin County People’s Hospital,
Mengyin, People’s Republic of China
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14
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Mandaviya PR, Joehanes R, Brody J, Castillo-Fernandez JE, Dekkers KF, Do AN, Graff M, Hänninen IK, Tanaka T, de Jonge EAL, Kiefte-de Jong JC, Absher DM, Aslibekyan S, de Rijke YB, Fornage M, Hernandez DG, Hurme MA, Ikram MA, Jacques PF, Justice AE, Kiel DP, Lemaitre RN, Mendelson MM, Mikkilä V, Moore AZ, Pallister T, Raitakari OT, Schalkwijk CG, Sha J, Slagboom EPE, Smith CE, Stehouwer CDA, Tsai PC, Uitterlinden AG, van der Kallen CJH, van Heemst D, Arnett DK, Bandinelli S, Bell JT, Heijmans BT, Lehtimäki T, Levy D, North KE, Sotoodehnia N, van Greevenbroek MMJ, van Meurs JBJ, Heil SG. Association of dietary folate and vitamin B-12 intake with genome-wide DNA methylation in blood: a large-scale epigenome-wide association analysis in 5841 individuals. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 110:437-450. [PMID: 31165884 PMCID: PMC6669135 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Folate and vitamin B-12 are essential micronutrients involved in the donation of methyl groups in cellular metabolism. However, associations between intake of these nutrients and genome-wide DNA methylation levels have not been studied comprehensively in humans. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess whether folate and/or vitamin B-12 intake are asssociated with genome-wide changes in DNA methylation in leukocytes. METHODS A large-scale epigenome-wide association study of folate and vitamin B-12 intake was performed on DNA from 5841 participants from 10 cohorts using Illumina 450k arrays. Folate and vitamin B-12 intakes were calculated from food-frequency questionnaires (FFQs). Continuous and categorical (low compared with high intake) linear regression mixed models were applied per cohort, controlling for confounders. A meta-analysis was performed to identify significant differentially methylated positions (DMPs) and regions (DMRs), and a pathway analysis was performed on the DMR annotated genes. RESULTS The categorical model resulted in 6 DMPs, which are all negatively associated with folate intake, annotated to FAM64A, WRAP73, FRMD8, CUX1, and LCN8 genes, which have a role in cellular processes including centrosome localization, cell proliferation, and tumorigenesis. Regional analysis showed 74 folate-associated DMRs, of which 73 were negatively associated with folate intake. The most significant folate-associated DMR was a 400-base pair (bp) spanning region annotated to the LGALS3BP gene. In the categorical model, vitamin B-12 intake was associated with 29 DMRs annotated to 48 genes, of which the most significant was a 1100-bp spanning region annotated to the calcium-binding tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated gene (CABYR). Vitamin B-12 intake was not associated with DMPs. CONCLUSIONS We identified novel epigenetic loci that are associated with folate and vitamin B-12 intake. Interestingly, we found a negative association between folate and DNA methylation. Replication of these methylation loci is necessary in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja R Mandaviya
- Department of Internal Medicine,Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roby Joehanes
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA,Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Framingham, MA
| | - Jennifer Brody
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Koen F Dekkers
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anh N Do
- Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Mariaelisa Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Ismo K Hänninen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center–Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Pirkanmaa, Finland
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ester A L de Jonge
- Department of Internal Medicine,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica C Kiefte-de Jong
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Faculty of Governance and Global Affairs, Leiden University College, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | | | - Stella Aslibekyan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Yolanda B de Rijke
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine and Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Dena G Hernandez
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD
| | - Mikko A Hurme
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Pirkanmaa, Finland
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul F Jacques
- USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA,Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Anne E Justice
- Biomedical and Translational Informatics, Geisinger Health, Danville, PA
| | - Douglas P Kiel
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | | | - Michael M Mendelson
- Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Framingham, MA,Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Vera Mikkilä
- Division of Nutrition, Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland
| | - Ann Z Moore
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD
| | - Tess Pallister
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Southwest Finland, Finland
| | - Casper G Schalkwijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre and CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jin Sha
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Eline P E Slagboom
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Caren E Smith
- USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Coen D A Stehouwer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre and CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Pei-Chien Tsai
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan,Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | | | - Carla J H van der Kallen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre and CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Diana van Heemst
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Donna K Arnett
- College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | | | - Jordana T Bell
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bastiaan T Heijmans
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center–Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Pirkanmaa, Finland
| | - Daniel Levy
- Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Framingham, MA
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | - Marleen M J van Greevenbroek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre and CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sandra G Heil
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Address correspondence to SGH (e-mail: )
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15
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Yao Z, Zheng X, Lu S, He Z, Miao Y, Huang H, Chu X, Cai C, Zou F. Knockdown of FAM64A suppresses proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer 2019; 26:835-845. [PMID: 31264076 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-019-00991-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND FAM64A is a mitotic regulator promoting cell metaphase-anaphase transition, and it is frequently reported to be highly expressed in cancer cells. However, the role of FAM64A in human breast cancer (BrC) is poorly studied. METHODS The expression of FAM64A mRNA in BrC samples was determined by RT-qPCR assay and TCGA database mining. Kaplan-Meier plotter was used to analyze whether FAM64A expression impacted prognosis. Then, the expression of FAM64A was silenced using RNA interference. Cell-counting assay, colony formation assay and flow cytometry assay were conducted to detect proliferation; transwell migration assay, EMT-related proteins expression (E-cadherin, N-cadherin and vimentin), and EMT-related transcription factors mRNA expression (Snail, Twist, Slug) were conducted to evaluate the migration ability. RESULTS FAM64A was highly expressed in human BrC samples, which was negatively associated with poor survival time. Analysis of FAM64A expression in BrC cell lines demonstrated that the expression of FAM64A was significantly correlated with the proliferation rate and migration ability of BrC cells. Indeed, knockdown of FAM64A suppressed the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. Importantly, we also found that silencing of FAM64A inhibited the migration of BrC cells via impeding epithelial-mesenchymal transition. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that FAM64A plays an important role in the proliferation and migration of BrC cells, which might serve as a potential target for BrC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuocheng Yao
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Xianchong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Sitong Lu
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhanxin He
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Yutian Miao
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Hehai Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinwei Chu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
| | - Chunqing Cai
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
| | - Fei Zou
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
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16
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FAM64A positively regulates STAT3 activity to promote Th17 differentiation and colitis-associated carcinogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:10447-10452. [PMID: 31061131 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1814336116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
STAT3 is a transcription factor that plays central roles in various physiological processes, including differentiation of Th cells. Its deregulation results in serious diseases, including inflammatory diseases and cancer. The mechanisms related to how STAT3 activity is regulated remain enigmatic. Here we show that overexpression of FAM64A potentiates IL-6-induced activation of STAT3 and expression of downstream target genes, whereas deficiency of FAM64A has the opposite effects. FAM64A interacts with STAT3 in the nucleus and regulates binding of STAT3 to the promoters of its target genes. Deficiency of Fam64a significantly impairs differentiation of Th17 but not Th1 or induced regulatory T cells (iTreg). In addition, Fam64a deficiency attenuates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, which is correlated with decreased differentiation of Th17 cells and production of proinflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, Fam64a deficiency suppresses azoxymethane (AOM)/DSS-induced colitis-associated cancer (CAC) in mice. These findings suggest that FAM64A regulates Th17 differentiation and colitis and inflammation-associated cancer by modulating transcriptional activity of STAT3.
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17
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Overexpression of PIMREG promotes breast cancer aggressiveness via constitutive activation of NF-κB signaling. EBioMedicine 2019; 43:188-200. [PMID: 30979686 PMCID: PMC6557765 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It is well-established that activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling plays important roles in cancer development and progression. However, the underlying mechanism by which the NF-κB pathway is constitutively activated in cancer remains largely unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of PICALM interacting mitotic regulator (PIMREG) on sustaining NF-κB activation in breast cancer. Methods The underlying mechanisms in which PIMREG-mediated NF-κB constitutive activation were determined via immunoprecipitation, EMSA and luciferase reporter assays. The expression of PIMREG was examined by quantitative PCR and western blotting analyses and immunohistochemical assay. The effect of PIMREG on aggressiveness of breast cancer cell was measured using MTT, soft agar clonogenic assay, wound healing and transwell matrix penetration assays in vitro and a Xenografted tumor model in vivo. Findings PIMREG competitively interacted with the REL homology domain (RHD) of NF-κB with IκBα, and sustained NF-κB activation by promotion of nuclear accumulation and transcriptional activity of NF-κB via disrupting the NF-κB/IκBα negative feedback loop. PIMREG overexpression significantly enhanced NF-κB transactivity and promoted the breast cancer aggressiveness. The expression of PIMREG was markedly upregulated in breast cancer and positively correlated with clinical characteristics of patients with breast cancer, including the clinical stage, tumor-node-metastasis classification and poorer survival. Interpretation PIMREG promotes breast cancer aggressiveness via disrupting the NF-κB/IκBα negative feedback loop, which suggests that PIMREG might be a valuable prognostic factor and potential target for diagnosis and therapy of metastatic breast cancer. Fund The science foundation of China, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou Education System, and the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou.
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18
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Jiao Y, Fu Z, Li Y, Zhang W, Liu Y. Aberrant FAM64A mRNA expression is an independent predictor of poor survival in pancreatic cancer. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211291. [PMID: 30695070 PMCID: PMC6351057 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
FAM64A, a marker of cell proliferation, has been investigated as a potential biomarker in several cancers. In the present study, we examined the value of FAM64A expression in the diagnosis and prognosis of pancreatic cancer through bioinformatics analysis of data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The diagnostic value of FAM64A expression in pancreatic cancer tissue was deteremined through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and based on the obtained cut-off value, patients were divided into two groups (high FAM64A expression and low FAM64A expression). Chi-square and Fisher exact tests were applied to identify associations between FAM64A expression and clinical features. Moreover, the effect of FAM64A expression in the survival of pancreatic cancer patients was observed by Kaplan-Meier and Cox analyses. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed using the TCGA dataset. Our results showed that high FAM64A expression in pancreatic cancer was associated with survival status, overall survival (OS), and recurrence. The area under the ROC curve was 0.736, which indicated modest diagnostic value. Patients with higher FAM64A expression had significantly shorter OS and recurrence-free survival (RFS) times. Multivariate survival analysis demonstrated that high FAM64A expression was an independent risk factor for OS and RFS. GSEA identified mitotic spindles, myc targets, MTORC1 signaling, G2M checkpoint, E2F targets, DNA repair, glycolysis and unfolded protein response as differentially enriched with the high FAM64A expression phenotype. In conclusion, high FAM64A mRNA expression is an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo Fu
- Department of Hand and Foot surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Yanqing Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Yahui Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
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19
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Barbutti I, Xavier-Ferrucio JM, Machado-Neto JA, Ricon L, Traina F, Bohlander SK, Saad STO, Archangelo LF. CATS (FAM64A) abnormal expression reduces clonogenicity of hematopoietic cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:68385-68396. [PMID: 27588395 PMCID: PMC5356563 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The CATS (FAM64A) protein interacts with CALM (PICALM) and the leukemic fusion protein CALM/AF10. CATS is highly expressed in leukemia, lymphoma and tumor cell lines and its protein levels strongly correlates with cellular proliferation in both malignant and normal cells. In order to obtain further insight into CATS function we performed an extensive analysis of CATS expression during differentiation of leukemia cell lines. While CATS expression decreased during erythroid, megakaryocytic and monocytic differentiation, a markedly increase was observed in the ATRA induced granulocytic differentiation. Lentivirus mediated silencing of CATS in U937 cell line resulted in somewhat reduced proliferation, altered cell cycle progression and lower migratory ability in vitro; however was not sufficient to inhibit tumor growth in xenotransplant model. Of note, CATS knockdown resulted in reduced clonogenicity of CATS-silenced cells and reduced expression of the self-renewal gene, GLI-1. Moreover, retroviral mediated overexpression of the murine Cats in primary bone marrow cells lead to decreased colony formation. Although our in vitro data suggests that CATS play a role in cellular processes important for tumorigenesis, such as cell cycle control and clonogenicity, these effects were not observed in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Barbutti
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Carlos Chagas 480, Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana M Xavier-Ferrucio
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Carlos Chagas 480, Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - João Agostinho Machado-Neto
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Carlos Chagas 480, Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Lauremilia Ricon
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Carlos Chagas 480, Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Fabiola Traina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stefan K Bohlander
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sara Teresinha Olalla Saad
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Carlos Chagas 480, Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Leticia Fröhlich Archangelo
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Carlos Chagas 480, Campinas-SP, Brazil.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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20
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Barbutti I, Machado-Neto JA, Arfelli VC, de Melo Campos P, Traina F, Saad STO, Archangelo LF. The U2AF homology motif kinase 1 (UHMK1) is upregulated upon hematopoietic cell differentiation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:959-966. [PMID: 29307747 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
UHMK1 (KIS) is a nuclear serine/threonine kinase that possesses a U2AF homology motif and phosphorylates and regulates the activity of the splicing factors SF1 and SF3b155. Mutations in these components of the spliceosome machinery have been recently implicated in leukemogenesis. The fact that UHMK1 regulates these factors suggests that UHMK1 might be involved in RNA processing and perhaps leukemogenesis. Here we analyzed UHMK1 expression in normal hematopoietic and leukemic cells as well as its function in leukemia cell line. In the normal hematopoietic compartment, markedly higher levels of transcripts were observed in differentiated lymphocytes (CD4+, CD8+ and CD19+) compared to the progenitor enriched subpopulation (CD34+) or leukemia cell lines. UHMK1 expression was upregulated in megakaryocytic-, monocytic- and granulocytic-induced differentiation of established leukemia cell lines and in erythrocytic-induced differentiation of CD34+ cells. No aberrant expression was observed in patient samples of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), acute myeloid (AML) or lymphoblastic (ALL) leukemia. Nonetheless, in MDS patients, increased levels of UHMK1 expression positively impacted event free and overall survival. Lentivirus mediated UHMK1 knockdown did not affect proliferation, cell cycle progression, apoptosis or migration of U937 leukemia cells, although UHMK1 silencing strikingly increased clonogenicity of these cells. Thus, our results suggest that UHMK1 plays a role in hematopoietic cell differentiation and suppression of autonomous clonal growth of leukemia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Barbutti
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Carlos Chagas 480, 13083-878 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - João Agostinho Machado-Neto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Cristina Arfelli
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula de Melo Campos
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Carlos Chagas 480, 13083-878 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabiola Traina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sara Teresinha Olalla Saad
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Carlos Chagas 480, 13083-878 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Leticia Fröhlich Archangelo
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Carlos Chagas 480, 13083-878 Campinas, SP, Brazil; Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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21
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Rahman MR, Tajmim A, Ali M, Sharif M. Overview and Current Status of Alzheimer's Disease in Bangladesh. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2017; 1:27-42. [PMID: 30480227 PMCID: PMC6159651 DOI: 10.3233/adr-170012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex neurological disorder with economic, social, and medical burdens which is acknowledged as leading cause of dementia marked by the accumulation and aggregation of amyloid-β peptide and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) protein and concomitant dementia, neuron loss and brain atrophy. AD is the most prevalent neurodegenerative brain disorder with sporadic etiology, except for a small fraction of cases with familial inheritance where familial forms of AD are correlated to mutations in three functionally related genes: the amyloid-β protein precursor and presenilins 1 and 2, two key γ-secretase components. The common clinical features of AD are memory impairment that interrupts daily life, difficulty in accomplishing usual tasks, confusion with time or place, trouble understanding visual images and spatial relationships. Age is the most significant risk factor for AD, whereas other risk factors correlated with AD are hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, smoking, obesity, and diabetes. Despite decades of research, there is no satisfying therapy which will terminate the advancement of AD by acting on the origin of the disease process, whereas currently available therapeutics only provide symptomatic relief but fail to attain a definite cure and prevention. This review also represents the current status of AD in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rashidur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Jessore University of Science and Technology, Jessore, Bangladesh
| | - Afsana Tajmim
- Department of Pharmacy, Jessore University of Science and Technology, Jessore, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Jessore University of Science and Technology, Jessore, Bangladesh
| | - Mostakim Sharif
- Department of Pharmacy, Jessore University of Science and Technology, Jessore, Bangladesh
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22
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Hashimoto K, Kodama A, Honda T, Hanashima A, Ujihara Y, Murayama T, Nishimatsu SI, Mohri S. Fam64a is a novel cell cycle promoter of hypoxic fetal cardiomyocytes in mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4486. [PMID: 28667270 PMCID: PMC5493652 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04823-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Fetal cardiomyocytes actively proliferate to form the primitive heart in utero in mammals, but they stop dividing shortly after birth. The identification of essential molecules maintaining this active cardiomyocyte proliferation is indispensable for potential adult heart regeneration. A recent study has shown that this proliferation depends on a low fetal oxygen condition before the onset of breathing at birth. We have established an isolation protocol for mouse fetal cardiomyocytes, performed under strict low oxygen conditions to mimic the intrauterine environment, that gives the highest proliferative activities thus far reported. Oxygen exposure during isolation/culture markedly inhibited cell division and repressed cell cycle-promoting genes, and subsequent genome-wide analysis identified Fam64a as a novel regulatory molecule. Fam64a was abundantly expressed in hypoxic fetal cardiomyocyte nuclei, but this expression was drastically repressed by oxygen exposure, and in postnatal cardiomyocytes following the onset of breathing and the resulting elevation of oxygen tension. Fam64a knockdown inhibited and its overexpression enhanced cardiomyocyte proliferation. Expression of a non-degradable Fam64a mutant suggested that optimum Fam64a expression and subsequent degradation by anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) during the metaphase-to-anaphase transition are required for fetal cardiomyocyte division. We propose that Fam64a is a novel cell cycle promoter of hypoxic fetal cardiomyocytes in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Hashimoto
- First Department of Physiology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan.
| | - Aya Kodama
- First Department of Physiology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Takeshi Honda
- First Department of Physiology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Akira Hanashima
- First Department of Physiology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ujihara
- First Department of Physiology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Takashi Murayama
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Juntendo University, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Nishimatsu
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Satoshi Mohri
- First Department of Physiology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan
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23
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Conway AE, Haldeman JM, Wechsler DS, Lavau CP. A critical role for CRM1 in regulating HOXA gene transcription in CALM-AF10 leukemias. Leukemia 2015; 29:423-32. [PMID: 25027513 PMCID: PMC4297268 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Revised: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The leukemogenic CALM-AF10 fusion protein is found in patients with immature acute myeloid and T-lymphoid malignancies. CALM-AF10 leukemias display abnormal H3K79 methylation and increased HOXA cluster gene transcription. Elevated expression of HOXA genes is critical for leukemia maintenance and progression; however, the precise mechanism by which CALM-AF10 alters HOXA gene expression is unclear. We previously determined that CALM contains a CRM1-dependent nuclear export signal (NES), which is both necessary and sufficient for CALM-AF10-mediated leukemogenesis. Here, we find that interaction of CALM-AF10 with the nuclear export receptor CRM1 is necessary for activating HOXA gene expression. We show that CRM1 localizes to HOXA loci where it recruits CALM-AF10, leading to transcriptional and epigenetic activation of HOXA genes. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of the CALM-CRM1 interaction prevents CALM-AF10 enrichment at HOXA chromatin, resulting in immediate loss of transcription. These results provide a comprehensive mechanism by which the CALM-AF10 translocation activates the critical HOXA cluster genes. Furthermore, this report identifies a novel function of CRM1: the ability to bind chromatin and recruit the NES-containing CALM-AF10 transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda E. Conway
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jonathan M. Haldeman
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Daniel S. Wechsler
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Catherine P. Lavau
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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24
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Brodsky FM, Sosa RT, Ybe JA, O'Halloran TJ. Unconventional functions for clathrin, ESCRTs, and other endocytic regulators in the cytoskeleton, cell cycle, nucleus, and beyond: links to human disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2014; 6:a017004. [PMID: 25183831 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a017004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The roles of clathrin, its regulators, and the ESCRT (endosomal sorting complex required for transport) proteins are well defined in endocytosis. These proteins can also participate in intracellular pathways that are independent of endocytosis and even independent of the membrane trafficking function of these proteins. These nonendocytic functions involve unconventional biochemical interactions for some endocytic regulators, but can also exploit known interactions for nonendocytic functions. The molecular basis for the involvement of endocytic regulators in unconventional functions that influence the cytoskeleton, cell cycle, signaling, and gene regulation are described here. Through these additional functions, endocytic regulators participate in pathways that affect infection, glucose metabolism, development, and cellular transformation, expanding their significance in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances M Brodsky
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Departments of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Microbiology and Immunology, The G.W. Hooper Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0552
| | - R Thomas Sosa
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712-1095
| | - Joel A Ybe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
| | - Theresa J O'Halloran
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712-1095
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25
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Kimes PK, Cabanski CR, Wilkerson MD, Zhao N, Johnson AR, Perou CM, Makowski L, Maher CA, Liu Y, Marron JS, Hayes DN. SigFuge: single gene clustering of RNA-seq reveals differential isoform usage among cancer samples. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:e113. [PMID: 25030904 PMCID: PMC4132703 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
High-throughput sequencing technologies, including RNA-seq, have made it possible to move beyond gene expression analysis to study transcriptional events including alternative splicing and gene fusions. Furthermore, recent studies in cancer have suggested the importance of identifying transcriptionally altered loci as biomarkers for improved prognosis and therapy. While many statistical methods have been proposed for identifying novel transcriptional events with RNA-seq, nearly all rely on contrasting known classes of samples, such as tumor and normal. Few tools exist for the unsupervised discovery of such events without class labels. In this paper, we present SigFuge for identifying genomic loci exhibiting differential transcription patterns across many RNA-seq samples. SigFuge combines clustering with hypothesis testing to identify genes exhibiting alternative splicing, or differences in isoform expression. We apply SigFuge to RNA-seq cohorts of 177 lung and 279 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma samples from the Cancer Genome Atlas, and identify several cases of differential isoform usage including CDKN2A, a tumor suppressor gene known to be inactivated in a majority of lung squamous cell tumors. By not restricting attention to known sample stratifications, SigFuge offers a novel approach to unsupervised screening of genetic loci across RNA-seq cohorts. SigFuge is available as an R package through Bioconductor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick K Kimes
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Christopher R Cabanski
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Matthew D Wilkerson
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ni Zhao
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Amy R Johnson
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Charles M Perou
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Liza Makowski
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Christopher A Maher
- The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Yufeng Liu
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - J S Marron
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - D Neil Hayes
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA Multidisciplinary Thoracic Oncology Program, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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26
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Abstract
The t(10;11) chromosomal translocation gives rise to the CALM-AF10 fusion gene and is found in patients with aggressive and difficult-to-treat hematopoietic malignancies. CALM-AF10-driven leukemias are characterized by HOXA gene up-regulation and a global reduction in H3K79 methylation. DOT1L, the H3K79 methyltransferase, interacts with the octapeptide/leucine zipper domain of AF10, and this region has been shown to be necessary and sufficient for CALM-AF10-mediated transformation. However, the precise role of CALM in leukemogenesis remains unclear. Here, we show that CALM contains a nuclear export signal (NES) that mediates cytoplasmic localization of CALM-AF10 and is necessary for CALM-AF10-dependent transformation. Fusions of the CALM NES (NES(CALM)-AF10) or NES motifs from heterologous proteins (ABL1, Rev, PKIA, APC) in-frame with AF10 are sufficient to immortalize murine hematopoietic progenitors in vitro. The CALM NES is essential for CALM-AF10-dependent Hoxa gene up-regulation and aberrant H3K79 methylation, possibly by mislocalization of DOT1L. Finally, we observed that CALM-AF10 leukemia cells are selectively sensitive to inhibition of nuclear export by Leptomycin B. These findings uncover a novel mechanism of leukemogenesis mediated by the nuclear export pathway and support further investigation of the utility of nuclear export inhibitors as therapeutic agents for patients with CALM-AF10 leukemias.
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27
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Archangelo LF, Greif PA, Maucuer A, Manceau V, Koneru N, Bigarella CL, Niemann F, dos Santos MT, Kobarg J, Bohlander SK, Saad STO. The CATS (FAM64A) protein is a substrate of the Kinase Interacting Stathmin (KIS). BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1833:1269-79. [PMID: 23419774 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The CATS protein (also known as FAM64A and RCS1) was first identified as a novel CALM (PICALM) interactor that influences the subcellular localization of the leukemogenic fusion protein CALM/AF10. CATS is highly expressed in cancer cell lines in a cell cycle dependent manner and is induced by mitogens. CATS is considered a marker for proliferation, known to control the metaphase-to-anaphase transition during the cell division. Using CATS as a bait in a yeast two-hybrid screen we identified the Kinase Interacting Stathmin (KIS or UHMK1) protein as a CATS interacting partner. The interaction between CATS and KIS was confirmed by GST pull-down, co-immunoprecipitation and co-localization experiments. Using kinase assay we showed that CATS is a substrate of KIS and mapped the phosphorylation site to CATS serine 131 (S131). Protein expression analysis revealed that KIS levels changed in a cell cycle-dependent manner and in the opposite direction to CATS levels. In a reporter gene assay KIS was able to enhance the transcriptional repressor activity of CATS, independent of CATS phophorylation at S131. Moreover, we showed that CATS and KIS antagonize the transactivation capacity of CALM/AF10.In summary, our results show that CATS interacts with and is a substrate for KIS, suggesting that KIS regulates CATS function.
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28
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Barber RC. The genetics of Alzheimer's disease. SCIENTIFICA 2012; 2012:246210. [PMID: 24278680 PMCID: PMC3820554 DOI: 10.6064/2012/246210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive, neurodegenerative disease that represents a growing global health crisis. Two major forms of the disease exist: early onset (familial) and late onset (sporadic). Early onset Alzheimer's is rare, accounting for less than 5% of disease burden. It is inherited in Mendelian dominant fashion and is caused by mutations in three genes (APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2). Late onset Alzheimer's is common among individuals over 65 years of age. Heritability of this form of the disease is high (79%), but the etiology is driven by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. A large number of genes have been implicated in the development of late onset Alzheimer's. Examples that have been confirmed by multiple studies include ABCA7, APOE, BIN1, CD2AP, CD33, CLU, CR1, EPHA1, MS4A4A/MS4A4E/MS4A6E, PICALM, and SORL1. Despite tremendous progress over the past three decades, roughly half of the heritability for the late onset of the disease remains unidentified. Finding the remaining genetic factors that contribute to the development of late onset Alzheimer's disease holds the potential to provide novel targets for treatment and prevention, leading to the development of effective strategies to combat this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C. Barber
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
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29
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The PICALM protein plays a key role in iron homeostasis and cell proliferation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44252. [PMID: 22952941 PMCID: PMC3431333 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitously expressed phosphatidylinositol binding clathrin assembly (PICALM) protein associates with the plasma membrane, binds clathrin, and plays a role in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Alterations of the human PICALM gene are present in aggressive hematopoietic malignancies, and genome-wide association studies have recently linked the PICALM locus to late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Inactivating and hypomorphic Picalm mutations in mice cause different degrees of severity of anemia, abnormal iron metabolism, growth retardation and shortened lifespan. To understand PICALM’s function, we studied the consequences of PICALM overexpression and characterized PICALM-deficient cells derived from mutant fit1 mice. Our results identify a role for PICALM in transferrin receptor (TfR) internalization and demonstrate that the C-terminal PICALM residues are critical for its association with clathrin and for the inhibitory effect of PICALM overexpression on TfR internalization. Murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) that are deficient in PICALM display several characteristics of iron deficiency (increased surface TfR expression, decreased intracellular iron levels, and reduced cellular proliferation), all of which are rescued by retroviral PICALM expression. The proliferation defect of cells that lack PICALM results, at least in part, from insufficient iron uptake, since it can be corrected by iron supplementation. Moreover, PICALM-deficient cells are particularly sensitive to iron chelation. Taken together, these data reveal that PICALM plays a critical role in iron homeostasis, and offer new perspectives into the pathogenesis of PICALM-associated diseases.
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30
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FHL2 interacts with CALM and is highly expressed in acute erythroid leukemia. Blood Cancer J 2011; 1:e42. [PMID: 22829078 PMCID: PMC3256755 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2011.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The t(10;11)(p13;q14) translocation results in the fusion of the CALM (clathrin assembly lymphoid myeloid leukemia protein) and AF10 genes. This translocation is observed in acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML M6), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and malignant lymphoma. Using a yeast two-hybrid screen, the four and a half LIM domain protein 2 (FHL2) was identified as a CALM interacting protein. Recently, high expression of FHL2 in breast, gastric, colon, lung as well as in prostate cancer was shown to be associated with an adverse prognosis. The interaction between CALM and FHL2 was confirmed by glutathione S-transferase-pulldown assay and co-immunoprecipitation experiments. The FHL2 interaction domain of CALM was mapped to amino acids 294–335 of CALM. The transcriptional activation capacity of FHL2 was reduced by CALM, but not by CALM/AF10, which suggests that regulation of FHL2 by CALM might be disturbed in CALM/AF10-positive leukemia. Extremely high expression of FHL2 was seen in acute erythroid leukemia (AML M6). FHL2 was also highly expressed in chronic myeloid leukemia and in AML with complex aberrant karyotype. These results suggest that FHL2 may play an important role in leukemogenesis, especially in the case of AML M6.
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31
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Stoddart A, Tennant TR, Fernald AA, Anastasi J, Brodsky FM, Le Beau MM. The clathrin-binding domain of CALM-AF10 alters the phenotype of myeloid neoplasms in mice. Oncogene 2011; 31:494-506. [PMID: 21706055 PMCID: PMC3204175 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The PICALM (CALM) gene, whose product is involved in clathrin-mediated endocytosis, has been identified in two recurring chromosomal translocations, involving either MLL or MLLT10 (AF10). We developed a mouse model of CALM-AF10+ leukemia to examine the hypothesis that disruption of endocytosis contributes to leukemogenesis. Exclusion of the C-terminal portion of CALM from the fusion protein, which is required for optimal binding to clathrin, resulted in the development of a myeloproliferative disease, while inclusion of this domain led to the development of acute myeloid leukemia and changes in gene expression of several cancer-related genes, notably Pim1 and Crebbp. Nonetheless, the development of leukemia could not be attributed directly to interference with endocytosis or consequential changes in proliferation and signaling. In leukemia cells, full-length CALM-AF10 localized to the nucleus with no consistent effect on growth factor endocyctosis, and suppressed H3K79 methylation regardless of the presence of clathrin. Using FRET analysis, we show that CALM-AF10 has a propensity to homo-oligomerize, raising the possibility that the function of endocytic proteins involved in chimeric fusions may be to provide dimerization properties, a recognized mechanism for unleashing oncogenic properties of chimeric transcription factors, rather than disrupting the internalization of growth factor receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Stoddart
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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32
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Greif PA, Bohlander SK. Up a lymphoid blind alley: Does CALM/AF10 disturb Ikaros during leukemogenesis? World J Biol Chem 2011; 2:115-8. [PMID: 21765976 PMCID: PMC3159521 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v2.i6.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Revised: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ikaros gene is required for normal development of lymphocytes and frequent intragenic deletions of Ikaros have been identified in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, little is known about the role of Ikaros in myeloid malignancies. Here we discuss the role of Ikaros as a lineage master regulator during the onset and progression of myeloid leukemias, namely CALM-AF10 positive acute myeloid leukemia and chronic myeloid leukemia. Alterations of Ikaros at the gene or protein level may act as a bi-directional lineage switch subverting developmental plasticity for malignant transformation. Finally, we propose that promiscuous signaling involving Ikaros and FOXO transcription factors might be a critical link between early lineage fate and uncontrolled proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp A Greif
- Philipp A Greif, Stefan K Bohlander, Clinical Cooperative Group "Leukemia", Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 81377 Munich, Germany
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Deshpande AJ, Rouhi A, Lin Y, Stadler C, Greif PA, Arseni N, Opatz S, Quintanilla-Fend L, Holzmann K, Hiddemann W, Döhner K, Döhner H, Xu G, Armstrong SA, Bohlander SK, Buske C. The clathrin-binding domain of CALM and the OM-LZ domain of AF10 are sufficient to induce acute myeloid leukemia in mice. Leukemia 2011; 25:1718-27. [PMID: 21681188 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2011.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The t(10;11)(p13-14;q14-21) translocation, giving rise to the CALM-AF10 fusion gene, is a recurrent chromosomal rearrangement observed in patients with poor prognosis acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Although splicing of the CALM-AF10 fusion transcripts has been described in AML patients, the contribution of different CALM and AF10 domains to in vivo leukemogenesis remains to be defined. We therefore performed detailed structure-function studies of the CALM-AF10 fusion protein. We demonstrate that fusion of the C-terminal 248 amino acids of CALM, which include the clathrin-binding domain, to the octapeptide motif-leucine-zipper (OM-LZ) domain of AF10 generated a fusion protein (termed CALM-AF10 minimal fusion (MF)), with strikingly enhanced transformation capabilities in colony assays, providing an efficient system for the expeditious assessment of CALM-AF10-mediated transformation. Leukemias induced by the CALM-AF10 (MF) mutant recapitulated multiple aspects of full-length CALM-AF10-induced leukemia, including aberrant Hoxa cluster upregulation, a characteristic molecular lesion of CALM-AF10 leukemias. In summary, this study indicates that collaboration of the clathrin-binding and the OM-LZ domains of CALM-AF10 is sufficient to induce AML. These findings further suggest that future approaches to antagonize CALM-AF10-induced transformation should incorporate strategies, which aim at blocking these key domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Deshpande
- Department of Medicine III, Klinikum Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
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Savage NM, Kota V, Manaloor EJ, Kulharya AS, Pierini V, Mecucci C, Ustun C. Acute leukemia with PICALM-MLLT10 fusion gene: diagnostic and treatment struggle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 202:129-32. [PMID: 20875875 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2010.07.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2010] [Revised: 07/06/2010] [Accepted: 07/11/2010] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Patients with various hematologic malignancies, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML), diffuse histiocytic lymphoma, and granulocytic sarcoma, have sometimes been shown to carry the PICALM-MLLT10 fusion gene (alias CALM-AF10) by various cytogenetic methodologies. Cases with the PICALM-MLLT10 fusion gene can involve a diagnostic dilemma for the following reasons: (1) the fusion gene occurs very rarely, (2) the cases do not have a distinct myeloid or lymphoid morphology and cells often appear immature, (3) cases usually have a mixed T-cell and myeloid phenotype, and (4) cases often have a mixed clinical presentation (e.g., mediastinal mass in a patient with AML). A 27-year-old woman was diagnosed with AML with the PICALM-MLLT10 fusion gene. The patient was treated on an AML regimen and achieved a complete remission. Although the reported treatment of these patients varies greatly, outcome remains very poor in the vast majority. Furthermore, central nervous system involvement at diagnosis and relapse are reported in pediatric populations. Routine acute leukemia fluorescence in situ hybridization panels do not include a probe for the PICALM-MLLT10 fusion gene, and therefore diagnosis can be made only when karyotyping is available; that delay can result in initial misdiagnosis and mistreatment. The case report and literature review here (including discussion of the poor prognosis and of management, including CNS prophylaxis) are intended to raise awareness and to inform about PICALM-MLLT10 in acute leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha M Savage
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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Functional characterization of the interactions between endosomal adaptor protein APPL1 and the NuRD co-repressor complex. Biochem J 2009; 423:389-400. [PMID: 19686092 PMCID: PMC2762692 DOI: 10.1042/bj20090086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional adaptor protein APPL1 [adaptor protein containing PH (pleckstrin homology) domain, PTB (phosphotyrosine binding) domain and leucine zipper motif] belongs to a growing group of endocytic proteins which actively participate in various stages of signalling pathways. Owing to its interaction with the small GTPase Rab5, APPL1 localizes predominantly to a subpopulation of early endosomes but is also capable of nucleocytoplasmic shuttling. Among its various binding partners, APPL1 was reported to associate with the nuclear co-repressor complex NuRD (nucleosome remodelling and deacetylase), containing both nucleosome remodelling and HDAC (histone deacetylase) activities, but the biochemical basis or functional relevance of this interaction remained unknown. Here we characterized the binding between APPL1 and NuRD in more detail, identifying HDAC2 as the key NuRD subunit responsible for this association. APPL1 interacts with the NuRD complex containing enzymatically active HDAC2 but not HDAC1 as the only deacetylase. However, the cellular levels of HDAC1 can regulate the extent of APPL1–NuRD interactions, which in turn modulates the nucleocytoplasmic distribution of APPL1. Increased binding of APPL1 to NuRD upon silencing of HDAC1 promotes the nuclear localization of APPL1, whereas HDAC1 overexpression exerts an opposite effect. Moreover, we also uncovered a NuRD-independent interaction of APPL1 with HDAC1. APPL1 overexpression affects the composition of the HDAC1-containing NuRD complex and the expression of HDAC1 target p21WAF1/CIP1. Cumulatively, these data reveal a surprising complexity of APPL1 interactions with HDACs, with functional consequences for the modulation of gene expression. In a broader sense, these results contribute to an emerging theme of endocytic proteins playing alternative roles in the cell nucleus.
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Borlido J, Zecchini V, Mills IG. Nuclear Trafficking and Functions of Endocytic Proteins Implicated in Oncogenesis. Traffic 2009; 10:1209-20. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2009.00922.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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37
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Lathe R, Harris A. Differential display detects host nucleic acid motifs altered in scrapie-infected brain. J Mol Biol 2009; 392:813-22. [PMID: 19631225 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2009.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2009] [Revised: 07/08/2009] [Accepted: 07/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) including scrapie have been attributed to an infectious protein or prion. Infectivity is allied to conversion of the endogenous nucleic-acid-binding protein PrP to an infectious modified form known as PrP(sc). The protein-only theory does not easily explain the enigmatic properties of the agent including strain variation. It was previously suggested that a short nucleic acid, perhaps host-encoded, might contribute to the pathoetiology of the TSEs. No candidate host molecules that might explain transmission of strain differences have yet been put forward. Differential display is a robust technique for detecting nucleic acid differences between two populations. We applied this technique to total nucleic acid preparations from scrapie-infected and control brain. Independent RNA preparations from eight normal and eight scrapie-infected (strain 263K) hamster brains were randomly amplified and visualized in parallel. Though the nucleic acid patterns were generally identical in scrapie-infected versus control brain, some rare bands were differentially displayed. Molecular species consistently overrepresented (or underrepresented) in all eight infected brain samples versus all eight controls were excised from the display, sequenced, and assembled into contigs. Only seven ros contigs (RNAs over- or underrepresented in scrapie) emerged, representing <4 kb from the transcriptome. All contained highly stable regions of secondary structure. The most abundant scrapie-only ros sequence was homologous to a repetitive transposable element (LINE; long interspersed nuclear element). Other ros sequences identified cellular RNA 7SL, clathrin heavy chain, visinin-like protein-1, and three highly specific subregions of ribosomal RNA (ros1-3). The ribosomal ros sequences accurately corresponded to LINE; retrotransposon insertion sites in ribosomal DNA (p<0.01). These differential motifs implicate specific host RNAs in the pathoetiology of the TSEs.
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Pyrzynska B, Pilecka I, Miaczynska M. Endocytic proteins in the regulation of nuclear signaling, transcription and tumorigenesis. Mol Oncol 2009; 3:321-38. [PMID: 19577966 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2009.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2009] [Revised: 06/01/2009] [Accepted: 06/02/2009] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence argues that many proteins governing membrane sorting during endocytosis participate also in nuclear signaling and transcriptional regulation, mostly by modulating the activity of various nuclear factors. Some adaptors and accessory proteins acting in clathrin-mediated internalization, as well as endosomal sorting proteins can undergo nuclear translocation and affect gene expression directly, while for others the effects may be more indirect. Although it is often unclear to what extent the endocytic and nuclear functions are interrelated, several of such proteins are implicated in the regulation of cell proliferation and tumorigenesis, arguing that their dual-function nature may be of physiological importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Pyrzynska
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Cell Biology, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
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Global reduction of the epigenetic H3K79 methylation mark and increased chromosomal instability in CALM-AF10-positive leukemias. Blood 2009; 114:651-8. [PMID: 19443658 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-03-209395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal translocations generating fusion proteins are frequently found in human leukemias. The fusion proteins play an important role in leukemogenesis by subverting the function of one or both partner proteins. The leukemogenic CALM-AF10 fusion protein is capable of interacting with the histone H3 lysine 79 (H3K79)-specific methyltransferase hDOT1L through the fused AF10 moiety. This interaction leads to local H3K79 hypermethylation on Hoxa5 loci, which up-regulates the expression of Hoxa5 and contributes to leukemogenesis. However, the long latency of leukemogenesis of CALM-AF10 transgenic mice suggests that the direct effects of fusion oncogene are not sufficient for the induction of leukemia. In this study, we show that the CALM-AF10 fusion protein can also greatly reduce global H3K79 methylation in both human and murine leukemic cells by disrupting the AF10-mediated association of hDOT1L with chromatin. Cells with reduced H3K79 methylation are more sensitive to gamma-irradiation and display increased chromosomal instability. Consistently, leukemia patients harboring CALM-AF10 fusion have more secondary chromosomal aberrations. These findings suggest that chromosomal instability associated with global epigenetic alteration contributes to malignant transformation in certain leukemias, and that leukemias with this type of epigenetic alteration might benefit from treatment regimens containing DNA-damaging agents. This study is registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00266136.
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Teitell MA, Pandolfi PP. Molecular Genetics of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2009; 4:175-98. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev.pathol.4.110807.092227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Teitell
- Departments of Pathology and Pediatrics, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, and California NanoSystems Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1732;
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Division of Cancer Genetics and Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215;
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Archangelo LF, Greif PA, Hölzel M, Harasim T, Kremmer E, Przemeck GKH, Eick D, Deshpande AJ, Buske C, de Angelis MH, Saad STO, Bohlander SK. The CALM and CALM/AF10 interactor CATS is a marker for proliferation. Mol Oncol 2008; 2:356-67. [PMID: 19383357 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2008.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2008] [Revised: 08/26/2008] [Accepted: 08/27/2008] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The CATS protein was recently identified as a novel CALM interacting protein. CATS increases the nuclear and specifically the nucleolar localization of the leukemogenic CALM/AF10 fusion protein. We cloned and characterized the murine Cats gene. Detailed analysis of murine Cats expression during mouse embryogenesis showed an association with rapidly proliferating tissues. Interestingly, the Cats transcript is highly expressed in murine hematopoietic cells transformed by CALM/AF10. The CATS protein is highly expressed in leukemia, lymphoma and tumor cell lines but not in non-proliferating T-cells or human peripheral blood lymphocytes. CATS protein levels are cell cycle dependent and it is induced by mitogens, suggesting a role of CATS in the control of cell proliferation and possibly CALM/AF10-mediated leukemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Fröhlich Archangelo
- Department of Medicine III, University of Munich Hospital Grosshadern, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
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Abstract
Chromosomal translocations are important genetic perturbations frequently associated with hematologic malignancies; characterization of these events has been a rich source of insights into the mechanisms that lead to malignant transformation. The t(10;11)(p13;q14-21) results in a recently identified rare but recurring chromosomal translocation seen in patients with ALL as well as AML, and results in the production of a CALM-AF10 fusion gene. Although the details by which the CALM-AF10 fusion protein exerts its leukemogenic effect remain unclear, emerging data suggests that the CALM-AF10 fusion impairs differentiation of hematopoietic cells, at least in part via an upregulation of HOXA cluster genes. This review discusses the normal structure and function of CALM and AF10, describes the spectrum of clinical findings seen in patients with CALM-AF10 fusions, summarizes recently published CALM-AF10 mouse models and highlights the role of HOXA cluster gene activation in CALM-AF10 leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Caudell
- Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes for Health, Bethesda, MD 20889-5105, USA
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The leukemogenic CALM/AF10 fusion protein alters the subcellular localization of the lymphoid regulator Ikaros. Oncogene 2007; 27:2886-96. [PMID: 18037964 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The t(10;11)(p13;q14) translocation leads to the fusion of the CALM and AF10 genes. This translocation can be found as the sole cytogenetic abnormality in acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia and in malignant lymphomas. The expression of CALM/AF10 in primary murine bone marrow cells results in the development of an aggressive leukemia in a murine bone marrow transplantation model. Using a yeast two-hybrid screen, we identified the lymphoid regulator Ikaros as an AF10 interacting protein. Interestingly, Ikaros is required for normal development of lymphocytes, and aberrant expression of Ikaros has been found in leukemia. In a murine model, the expression of a dominant negative isoform of Ikaros causes leukemias and lymphomas. The Ikaros interaction domain of AF10 was mapped to the leucine zipper domain of AF10, which is required for malignant transformation both by the CALM/AF10 and the MLL/AF10 fusion proteins. The interaction between AF10 and Ikaros was confirmed by GST pull down and co-immunoprecipitation. Coexpression of CALM/AF10 but not of AF10 alters the subcellular localization of Ikaros in murine fibroblasts. The transcriptional repressor activity of Ikaros is reduced by AF10. These results suggest that CALM/AF10 might interfere with normal Ikaros function, and thereby block lymphoid differentiation in CALM/AF10 positive leukemias.
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Pilecka I, Banach-Orlowska M, Miaczynska M. Nuclear functions of endocytic proteins. Eur J Cell Biol 2007; 86:533-47. [PMID: 17583371 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2007.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2007] [Revised: 04/19/2007] [Accepted: 04/19/2007] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of proteins appear to perform multiple, sometimes unrelated functions in the cell. Such moonlighting properties have been recently demonstrated for proteins involved in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Some clathrin adaptors and endosomal proteins can undergo nucleocytoplasmic shuttling, which is often based on intrinsic sequence motifs and requires active transport mechanisms. Endocytic proteins can associate with nuclear molecules, changing their localization and/or activity and may modulate the levels and specificity of gene transcription. It is not clear how the nuclear and cytoplasmic pools of endocytic proteins are interconnected, or whether these molecules act as nuclear second messengers upon extracellular stimuli, but alike in endocytosis, they seem to form multi-component scaffolding platforms in the nucleus. Added to their endocytic functions, the nuclear roles of Eps15, Epsin1, CALM, HIP1, Dab1/2, beta-arrestins, APPL1/2 and the components of ESCRTs clearly increase the complexity of signaling networks affecting cellular growth, proliferation and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Pilecka
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Cell Biology, 4 Ks. Trojdena Street, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
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