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Charvát V, Strnadová A, Myšková A, Sýkora D, Blechová M, Železná B, Kuneš J, Maletínská L, Pačesová A. Lipidized analogues of the anorexigenic CART (cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript) neuropeptide show anorexigenic and neuroprotective potential in mouse model of monosodium-glutamate induced obesity. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 980:176864. [PMID: 39084452 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
AIMS This study investigates the neuroprotective effects of lipidized analogues of 2-SS-CART(61-102) derived from anorexigenic neuropeptide cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide (CARTp) in light of the link between obesity, its comorbidities, and the development of Alzheimer's disease. METHODS We introduce novel lipidized analogues derived from 2-SS-CART(61-102), a specific analogue of natural CART(61-102), with two disulfide bridges. Using hypothermic PC12 cells, we tested the effect of the most potent analogues on Tau phosphorylation. We further described the anorexigenic and neuroprotective potential of subcutaneously (SC) injected lipidized CARTp analogue in a mouse model with prediabetes and obesity induced by neonatal monosodium glutamate (MSG) administration. RESULTS Compared to the non-lipidized 2-SS-CART(61-102), all lipidized analogues exhibited a potent binding affinity to PC12 cells and enhanced in vitro stability in rat plasma. Two most potent lipidized analogues attenuated hypothermia-induced Tau hyperphosphorylation at multiple epitopes. Subsequently, chronic SC treatment with palm-2-SS-CART(61-102) significantly decreased body weight and food intake, improved metabolic parameters, decreased level of pTau and increased neurogenesis in hippocampi of obese MSG mice. CONCLUSION Our unique CARTp analogue palm-2-SS-CART(61-102) shows promise as a potent anti-obesity and neuroprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilém Charvát
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Strnadová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Aneta Myšková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Sýkora
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslava Blechová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Železná
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Kuneš
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Maletínská
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Pačesová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Wang S, Chen B, Yuan M, Liu S, Fan H, Yang X, Zou Q, Pu Y, Cai Z. Enriched oxygen improves age-related cognitive impairment through enhancing autophagy. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1340117. [PMID: 38435399 PMCID: PMC10906481 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1340117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Age-related cognitive impairment represents a significant health concern, with the understanding of its underlying mechanisms and potential interventions being of paramount importance. This study aimed to investigate the effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) on cognitive function and neuronal integrity in aged (22-month-old) C57BL/6 mice. Male mice were exposed to HBOT for 2 weeks, and spatial learning and memory abilities were assessed using the Morris water maze. We employed transcriptome sequencing and Gene Ontology (GO) term enrichment analysis to examine the effects of HBOT on gene expression profiles, with particular attention given to synapse-related genes. Our data indicated a significant upregulation of postsynapse organization, synapse organization, and axonogenesis GO terms, likely contributing to improved cognitive performance. Moreover, the hyperphosphorylation of tau, a hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases, was significantly reduced in the HBO-treated group, both in vivo and in vitro. Transmission electron microscopy revealed significant ultrastructural alterations in the hippocampus of the HBOT group, including an increase in the number of synapses and the size of the active zone, a reduction in demyelinated lesions, and a decreased number of "PANTHOS." Furthermore, Western blot analyses confirmed the upregulation of PSD95, BDNF, and Syn proteins, suggesting enhanced synaptic plasticity and neurotrophic support. Moreover, HBOT increased autophagy, as evidenced by the elevated levels of Beclin-1 and LC3 proteins and the reduced level of p62 protein. Finally, we demonstrated that HBOT activated the AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway, a critical regulator of autophagy. Notably, our findings provide novel insights into the mechanisms by which HBOT ameliorates age-related cognitive impairment, suggesting the potential therapeutic value of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyuan Wang
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Institute Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Bengang Chen
- Chongqing Institute Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Minghao Yuan
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Institute Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Shu Liu
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Institute Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Haixia Fan
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Institute Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Zou
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yinshuang Pu
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiyou Cai
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Institute Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
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Buchholz S, Bell-Simons M, Haag N, Zempel H. Tracking Tau in Neurons: How to Grow, Fix, and Stain Primary Neurons for the Investigation of Tau in All Developmental Stages. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2754:507-519. [PMID: 38512686 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3629-9_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Primary murine neurons are a well-established tool for investigating Tau in the context of neuronal development and neurodegeneration. However, culturing primary neurons is usually time-consuming and requires multiple feeding steps, media exchanges, proprietary media supplements, and/or preparation of complex media. Here, we describe (i) a relatively cheap and easy cell culture procedure for the cultivation of forebrain neurons from embryonic mice (E13.5) based on a commercially available neuronal supplement (NS21), (ii) a protocol for the cultivation of hippocampal and cortical neurons from postnatal (P0-P3) animals, and (iii) basic fixation and immunofluorescence techniques for the staining of neuronal markers and endogenous Tau. We demonstrate a staining technique, which minimizes antibody consumption and allows for fast and convenient processing of samples for immunofluorescence microscopy of endogenous Tau in primary neurons. We also provide a protocol that enables cryopreservation of fixed cells for years without measurable loss of Tau signal. In sum, we provide reliable protocols enabling microscopy-based studies of Tau in primary murine neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Buchholz
- Institute of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Bell-Simons
- Institute of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Natja Haag
- Institute for Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Hans Zempel
- Institute of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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Canet G, Rocaboy E, Laliberté F, Boscher E, Guisle I, Diego-Diaz S, Fereydouni-Forouzandeh P, Whittington RA, Hébert SS, Pernet V, Planel E. Temperature-induced Artifacts in Tau Phosphorylation: Implications for Reliable Alzheimer's Disease Research. Exp Neurobiol 2023; 32:423-440. [PMID: 38196137 PMCID: PMC10789175 DOI: 10.5607/en23025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
In preclinical research on Alzheimer's disease and related tauopathies, tau phosphorylation analysis is routinely employed in both cellular and animal models. However, recognizing the sensitivity of tau phosphorylation to various extrinsic factors, notably temperature, is vital for experimental accuracy. Hypothermia can trigger tau hyperphosphorylation, while hyperthermia leads to its dephosphorylation. Nevertheless, the rapidity of tau phosphorylation in response to unintentional temperature variations remains unknown. In cell cultures, the most significant temperature change occurs when the cells are removed from the incubator before harvesting, and in animal models, during anesthesia prior to euthanasia. In this study, we investigate the kinetics of tau phosphorylation in N2a and SH-SY5Y neuronal cell lines, as well as in mice exposed to anesthesia. We observed changes in tau phosphorylation within the few seconds upon transferring cell cultures from their 37°C incubator to room temperature conditions. However, cells placed directly on ice post-incubation exhibited negligible phosphorylation changes. In vivo, isoflurane anesthesia rapidly resulted in tau hyperphosphorylation within the few seconds needed to lose the pedal withdrawal reflex in mice. These findings emphasize the critical importance of preventing temperature variation in researches focused on tau. To ensure accurate results, we recommend avoiding anesthesia before euthanasia and promptly placing cells on ice after removal from the incubator. By controlling temperature fluctuations, the reliability and validity of tau phosphorylation studies can be significantly enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Canet
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
- Neurosciences Axis, Research Center of the CHU de Québec - Laval University, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Emma Rocaboy
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Francis Laliberté
- Neurosciences Axis, Research Center of the CHU de Québec - Laval University, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Emmanuelle Boscher
- Neurosciences Axis, Research Center of the CHU de Québec - Laval University, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Isabelle Guisle
- Neurosciences Axis, Research Center of the CHU de Québec - Laval University, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Sofia Diego-Diaz
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | | | - Robert A. Whittington
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sébastien S. Hébert
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
- Neurosciences Axis, Research Center of the CHU de Québec - Laval University, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Vincent Pernet
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
- Department of Neurology, Bern University Hospital, Bern 3010, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Planel
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
- Neurosciences Axis, Research Center of the CHU de Québec - Laval University, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
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Leys K, Stroe MS, Annaert P, Van Cruchten S, Carpentier S, Allegaert K, Smits A. Pharmacokinetics during therapeutic hypothermia in neonates: from pathophysiology to translational knowledge and physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2023; 19:461-477. [PMID: 37470686 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2023.2237412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Perinatal asphyxia (PA) still causes significant morbidity and mortality. Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is the only effective therapy for neonates with moderate to severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy after PA. These neonates need additional pharmacotherapy, and both PA and TH may impact physiology and, consequently, pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD). AREAS COVERED This review provides an overview of the available knowledge in PubMed (until November 2022) on the pathophysiology of neonates with PA/TH. In vivo pig models for this setting enable distinguishing the effect of PA versus TH on PK and translating this effect to human neonates. Available asphyxia pig models and methodological considerations are described. A summary of human neonatal PK of supportive pharmacotherapy to improve neurodevelopmental outcomes is provided. EXPERT OPINION To support drug development for this population, knowledge from clinical observations (PK data, real-world data on physiology), preclinical (in vitro and in vivo (minipig)) data, and molecular and cellular biology insights can be integrated into a predictive physiologically-based PK (PBPK) framework, as illustrated by the I-PREDICT project (Innovative physiology-based pharmacokinetic model to predict drug exposure in neonates undergoing cooling therapy). Current knowledge, challenges, and expert opinion on the future directions of this research topic are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Leys
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marina-Stefania Stroe
- Comparative Perinatal Development, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pieter Annaert
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- BioNotus GCV, Niel, Belgium
| | - Steven Van Cruchten
- Comparative Perinatal Development, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Karel Allegaert
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus MC, GA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Child and Youth Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anne Smits
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Child and Youth Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Donnaloja F, Limonta E, Mancosu C, Morandi F, Boeri L, Albani D, Raimondi MT. Unravelling the mechanotransduction pathways in Alzheimer's disease. J Biol Eng 2023; 17:22. [PMID: 36978103 PMCID: PMC10045049 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-023-00336-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents one of the most common and debilitating neurodegenerative disorders. By the end of 2040, AD patients might reach 11.2 million in the USA, around 70% higher than 2022, with severe consequences on the society. As now, we still need research to find effective methods to treat AD. Most studies focused on the tau and amyloid hypothesis, but many other factors are likely involved in the pathophysiology of AD. In this review, we summarize scientific evidence dealing with the mechanotransduction players in AD to highlight the most relevant mechano-responsive elements that play a role in AD pathophysiology. We focused on the AD-related role of extracellular matrix (ECM), nuclear lamina, nuclear transport and synaptic activity. The literature supports that ECM alteration causes the lamin A increment in the AD patients, leading to the formation of nuclear blebs and invaginations. Nuclear blebs have consequences on the nuclear pore complexes, impairing nucleo-cytoplasmic transport. This may result in tau hyperphosphorylation and its consequent self-aggregation in tangles, which impairs the neurotransmitters transport. It all exacerbates in synaptic transmission impairment, leading to the characteristic AD patient's memory loss. Here we related for the first time all the evidence associating the mechanotransduction pathway with neurons. In addition, we highlighted the entire pathway influencing neurodegenerative diseases, paving the way for new research perspectives in the context of AD and related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Donnaloja
- Politecnico Di Milano, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Campus Leonardo, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Emma Limonta
- Politecnico Di Milano, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Campus Leonardo, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Christian Mancosu
- Politecnico Di Milano, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Campus Leonardo, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Morandi
- Politecnico Di Milano, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Campus Leonardo, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Boeri
- Politecnico Di Milano, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Campus Leonardo, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Albani
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Manuela Teresa Raimondi
- Politecnico Di Milano, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Campus Leonardo, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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Tayanloo-Beik A, Nikkhah A, Alaei S, Goodarzi P, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Mafi AR, Larijani B, Shouroki FF, Arjmand B. Brown adipose tissue and alzheimer's disease. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:91-107. [PMID: 36322277 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01097-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common type of senile dementia, is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive dysfunction and behavioral disability. The two histopathological hallmarks in this disease are the extraneuronal accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) and the intraneuronal deposition of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Despite this, central and peripheral metabolic dysfunction, such as abnormal brain signaling, insulin resistance, inflammation, and impaired glucose utilization, have been indicated to be correlated with AD. There is solid evidence that the age-associated thermoregulatory deficit induces diverse metabolic changes associated with AD development. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been known as a thermoregulatory organ particularly vital during infancy. However, in recent years, BAT has been accepted as an endocrine organ, being involved in various functions that prevent AD, such as regulating energy metabolism, secreting hormones, improving insulin sensitivity, and increasing glucose utilization in adult humans. This review focuses on the mechanisms of BAT activation and the effect of aging on BAT production and signaling. Specifically, the evidence demonstrating the effect of BAT on pathological mechanisms influencing the development of AD, including insulin pathway, thermoregulation, and other hormonal pathways, are reviewed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Tayanloo-Beik
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirabbas Nikkhah
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Setareh Alaei
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Goodarzi
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ahmad Rezazadeh Mafi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shaheed Beheshti Medical University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Fazeli Shouroki
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Arjmand
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Development of p-Tau Differentiated Cell Model of Alzheimer's Disease to Screen Novel Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314794. [PMID: 36499118 PMCID: PMC9741399 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by an initial accumulation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, along with the depletion of cholinergic markers. The currently available therapies for AD do not present any disease-modifying effects, with the available in vitro platforms to study either AD drug candidates or basic biology not fully recapitulating the main features of the disease or being extremely costly, such as iPSC-derived neurons. In the present work, we developed and validated a novel cell-based AD model featuring Tau hyperphosphorylation and degenerative neuronal morphology. Using the model, we evaluated the efficacy of three different groups of newly synthesized acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, along with a new dual acetylcholinesterase/glycogen synthase kinase 3 inhibitor, as potential AD treatment on differentiated SH-SY5Y cells treated with glyceraldehyde to induce Tau hyperphosphorylation, and subsequently neurite degeneration and cell death. Testing of such compounds on the newly developed model revealed an overall improvement of the induced defects by inhibition of AChE alone, showing a reduction of S396 aberrant phosphorylation along with a moderate amelioration of the neuron-like morphology. Finally, simultaneous AChE/GSK3 inhibition further enhanced the limited effects observed by AChE inhibition alone, resulting in an improvement of all the key parameters, such as cell viability, morphology, and Tau abnormal phosphorylation.
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Hu Z, Ondrejcak T, Yu P, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Klyubin I, Kennelly SP, Rowan MJ, Hu NW. Do tau-synaptic long-term depression interactions in the hippocampus play a pivotal role in the progression of Alzheimer's disease? Neural Regen Res 2022; 18:1213-1219. [PMID: 36453396 PMCID: PMC9838152 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.360166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease correlates with the extent of tau pathology, in particular tau hyperphosphorylation that initially appears in the transentorhinal and related regions of the brain including the hippocampus. Recent evidence indicates that tau hyperphosphorylation caused by either amyloid-β or long-term depression, a form of synaptic weakening involved in learning and memory, share similar mechanisms. Studies from our group and others demonstrate that long-term depression-inducing low-frequency stimulation triggers tau phosphorylation at different residues in the hippocampus under different experimental conditions including aging. Conversely, certain forms of long-term depression at hippocampal glutamatergic synapses require endogenous tau, in particular, phosphorylation at residue Ser396. Elucidating the exact mechanisms of interaction between tau and long-term depression may help our understanding of the physiological and pathological functions of tau/tau (hyper)phosphorylation. We first summarize experimental evidence regarding tau-long-term depression interactions, followed by a discussion of possible mechanisms by which this interplay may influence the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Finally, we conclude with some thoughts and perspectives on future research about these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengtao Hu
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China,Department of Gerontology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Tomas Ondrejcak
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics and Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Pengpeng Yu
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yangyang Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yin Yang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China,Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics and Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Igor Klyubin
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics and Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sean P. Kennelly
- Department of Age-Related Healthcare, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland,Department of Medical Gerontology, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael J. Rowan
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics and Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Neng-Wei Hu
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China,Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics and Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland,Correspondence to: Neng-Wei Hu, .
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Blessing EM, Parekh A, Betensky RA, Babb J, Saba N, Debure L, Varga AW, Ayappa I, Rapoport DM, Butler TA, de Leon MJ, Wisniewski T, Lopresti BJ, Osorio RS. Association between lower body temperature and increased tau pathology in cognitively normal older adults. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 171:105748. [PMID: 35550158 PMCID: PMC9751849 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical studies suggest body temperature (Tb) and consequently brain temperature has the potential to bidirectionally interact with tau pathology in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Tau phosphorylation is substantially increased by a small (<1 °C) decrease in temperature within the human physiological range, and thermoregulatory nuclei are affected by tau pathology early in the AD continuum. In this study we evaluated whether Tb (as a proxy for brain temperature) is cross-sectionally associated with clinically utilized markers of tau pathology in cognitively normal older adults. METHODS Tb was continuously measured with ingestible telemetry sensors for 48 h. This period included two nights of nocturnal polysomnography to delineate whether Tb during waking vs sleep is differentially associated with tau pathology. Tau phosphorylation was assessed with plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (P-tau), sampled the day following Tb measurement. In addition, neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) burden in early Braak stage regions was imaged with PET-MR using the [18F]MK-6240 radiotracer on average one month later. RESULTS Lower Tb was associated with increased NFT burden, as well as increased plasma and CSF P-tau levels (p < 0.05). NFT burden was associated with lower Tb during waking (p < 0.05) but not during sleep intervals. Plasma and CSF P-tau levels were highly correlated with each other (p < 0.05), and both variables were correlated with tau tangle radiotracer uptake (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results, the first available for human, suggest that lower Tb in older adults may be associated with increased tau pathology. Our findings add to the substantial preclinical literature associating lower body and brain temperature with tau hyperphosphorylation. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER NCT03053908.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther M Blessing
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States of America.
| | - Ankit Parekh
- Mount Sinai Integrative Sleep Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, United States of America.
| | - Rebecca A Betensky
- Department of NYU School of Global Public Health, New York, NY 10016, United States of America.
| | - James Babb
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States of America.
| | - Natalie Saba
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States of America.
| | - Ludovic Debure
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States of America.
| | - Andrew W Varga
- Mount Sinai Integrative Sleep Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, United States of America.
| | - Indu Ayappa
- Mount Sinai Integrative Sleep Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, United States of America.
| | - David M Rapoport
- Mount Sinai Integrative Sleep Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, United States of America.
| | - Tracy A Butler
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, United States of America.
| | - Mony J de Leon
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, United States of America.
| | - Thomas Wisniewski
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States of America.
| | - Brian J Lopresti
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States of America.
| | - Ricardo S Osorio
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States of America; Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States of America.
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11
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Zhang Y, Yang Y, Hu Z, Zhu M, Qin S, Yu P, Li B, Xu J, Ondrejcak T, Klyubin I, Rowan MJ, Hu NW. Long-Term Depression-Inducing Low Frequency Stimulation Enhances p-Tau181 and p-Tau217 in an Age-Dependent Manner in Live Rats. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 89:335-350. [PMID: 35871344 PMCID: PMC9484260 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) correlates with the extent of tau pathology, in particular tau hyperphosphorylation, which is strongly age-associated. Although elevation of cerebrospinal fluid or blood levels of phosphorylated tau (p-Tau) at residues Thr181 (p-Tau181), Thr217 (p-Tau217), and Thr231 (p-Tau231) are proposed to be particularly sensitive markers of preclinical AD, the generation of p-Tau during brain activity is poorly understood. Objective: To study whether the expression levels of p-Tau181, p-Tau217, and p-Tau231 can be enhanced by physiological synaptic long-term depression (LTD) which has been linked to the enhancement of p-Tau in hippocampus. Methods: In vivo electrophysiology was performed in urethane anesthetized young adult and aged male rats. Low frequency electrical stimulation (LFS) was used to induce LTD at CA3 to CA1 synapses. The expression level of p-Tau and total tau was measured in dorsal hippocampus using immunofluorescent staining and/or western blotting. Results: We found that LFS enhanced p-Tau181 and p-Tau217 in an age-dependent manner in the hippocampus of live rats. In contrast, phosphorylation at residues Thr231, Ser202/Thr205, and Ser396 appeared less sensitive to LFS. Pharmacological antagonism of either N-methyl-D-aspartate or metabotropic glutamate 5 receptors inhibited the elevation of both p-Tau181 and p-Tau217. Targeting the integrated stress response, which increases with aging, using a small molecule inhibitor ISRIB, prevented the enhancement of p-Tau by LFS in aged rats. Conclusion: Together, our data provide a novel in vivo means to uncover brain plasticity-related cellular and molecular processes of tau phosphorylation at key sites in health and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yin Yang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhengtao Hu
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Gerontology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Manyi Zhu
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuangying Qin
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pengpeng Yu
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics and Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jitian Xu
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tomas Ondrejcak
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics and Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Igor Klyubin
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics and Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael J. Rowan
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics and Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Neng-Wei Hu
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics and Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
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12
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Sauna-like conditions or menthol treatment reduce tau phosphorylation through mild hyperthermia. Neurobiol Aging 2022; 113:118-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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13
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Yuan M, Wang Y, Wen J, Jing F, Zou Q, Pu Y, Pan T, Cai Z. Dietary Salt Disrupts Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle and Induces Tau Hyperphosphorylation and Synapse Dysfunction during Aging. Aging Dis 2022; 13:1532-1545. [PMID: 36186135 PMCID: PMC9466974 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary salt causes synaptic deficits and tau hyperphosphorylation, which are detrimental to cognitive function. However, the specific effects of a high-salt diet on synapse and tau protein remain poorly understood. In this study, aged (15-month-old) C57BL/6 mice received a normal (0.5% NaCl) or high-salt (8% NaCl) diet for 3 months, and N2a cells were treated with normal culture medium or a NaCl medium (40 mM). Spatial learning and memory abilities were tested using the Morris water maze. The levels of metabolites and related enzymes in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle were confirmed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, western blotting, and immunofluorescence. We also investigated synapse morphology and the phosphorylation of tau protein. Under the high-salt diet, mice displayed impaired learning and memory compared to mice fed the normal diet. Furthermore, excessive salt intake disturbed the TCA cycle in both animals and cells compared to the respective normal controls. High dietary salt reduced postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression, impaired neurons, and caused synaptic loss in the mice. We also detected tau hyperphosphorylation at different sites (Thr205, Thr231, and Thr181) without increasing total tau levels in response to high salt treatment, both in vivo and in vitro. We concluded that elevated salt intake impairs the TCA cycle and induces tau hyperphosphorylation and synapse dysfunction during aging, which ultimately results in cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Yuan
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China.
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, China.
| | - Jie Wen
- Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, China.
| | - Feng Jing
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China.
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, China.
| | - Qian Zou
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yinshuang Pu
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, China.
| | - Tingyu Pan
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, China.
| | - Zhiyou Cai
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China.
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, China.
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Zhiyou Cai, Department of Neurology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, Chongqing, 400016, China. .
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14
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Valencia A, Bieber VLR, Bajrami B, Marsh G, Hamann S, Wei R, Ling K, Rigo F, Arnold HM, Golonzhka O, Hering H. Antisense Oligonucleotide-Mediated Reduction of HDAC6 Does Not Reduce Tau Pathology in P301S Tau Transgenic Mice. Front Neurol 2021; 12:624051. [PMID: 34262517 PMCID: PMC8273312 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.624051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylation of tau protein is dysregulated in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). It has been proposed that acetylation of specific sites in the KXGS motif of tau can regulate phosphorylation of nearby residues and reduce the propensity of tau to aggregate. Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is a cytoplasmic enzyme involved in deacetylation of multiple targets, including tau, and it has been suggested that inhibition of HDAC6 would increase tau acetylation at the KXGS motifs and thus may present a viable therapeutic approach to treat AD. To directly test the contribution of HDAC6 to tau pathology, we intracerebroventricularly injected an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) directed against HDAC6 mRNA into brains of P301S tau mice (PS19 model), which resulted in a 70% knockdown of HDAC6 protein in the brain. Despite a robust decrease in levels of HDAC6, no increase in tau acetylation was observed. Additionally, no change of tau phosphorylation or tau aggregation was detected upon the knockdown of HDAC6. We conclude that HDAC6 does not impact tau pathology in PS19 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ru Wei
- Biogen, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Karen Ling
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA, United States
| | - Frank Rigo
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA, United States
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15
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Diez L, Wegmann S. Nuclear Transport Deficits in Tau-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Neurol 2020; 11:1056. [PMID: 33101165 PMCID: PMC7546323 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.01056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau is a cytosolic microtubule binding protein that is highly abundant in the axons of the central nervous system. However, alternative functions of tau also in other cellular compartments are suggested, for example, in the nucleus, where interactions of tau with specific nuclear entities such as DNA, the nucleolus, and the nuclear envelope have been reported. We would like to review the current knowledge about tau-nucleus interactions and lay out possible neurotoxic mechanisms that are based on the (pathological) interactions of tau with the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Diez
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Wegmann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Berlin, Germany
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16
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Boscher E, Husson T, Quenez O, Laquerrière A, Marguet F, Cassinari K, Wallon D, Martinaud O, Charbonnier C, Nicolas G, Deleuze JF, Boland A, Lathrop M, Frébourg T, Campion D, Hébert SS, Rovelet-Lecrux A. Copy Number Variants in miR-138 as a Potential Risk Factor for Early-Onset Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 68:1243-1255. [PMID: 30909216 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) accounts for 5-10% of all AD cases, with a heritability ranging between 92% to 100%. With the exception of rare mutations in APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 genes causing autosomal dominant EOAD, little is known about the genetic factors underlying most of the EOAD cases. In this study, we hypothesized that copy number variations (CNVs) in microRNA (miR) genes could contribute to risk for EOAD. miRs are short non-coding RNAs previously implicated in the regulation of AD-related genes and phenotypes. Using whole exome sequencing, we screened a series of 546 EOAD patients negative for autosomal dominant EOAD mutations and 597 controls. We identified 86 CNVs in miR genes of which 31 were exclusive to EOAD cases, including a duplication of the MIR138-2 locus. In functional studies in human cultured cells, we could demonstrate that miR-138 overexpression leads to higher Aβ production as well as tau phosphorylation, both implicated in AD pathophysiology. These changes were mediated in part by GSK-3β and FERMT2, a potential risk factor for AD. Additional disease-related genes were also prone to miR-138 regulation including APP and BACE1. This study suggests that increased gene dosage of MIR138-2 could contribute to risk for EOAD by regulating different biological pathways implicated in amyloid and tau metabolism. Additional studies are now required to better understand the role of miR-CNVs in EOAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Boscher
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, CHUL, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, Canada.,Faculté de médecine, Département de psychiatrie et de neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Thomas Husson
- Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen University Hospital, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Olivier Quenez
- Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen University Hospital, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Annie Laquerrière
- Department of Pathology, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Florent Marguet
- Department of Pathology, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Kevin Cassinari
- Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen University Hospital, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - David Wallon
- Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen University Hospital, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Olivier Martinaud
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, Caen, France
| | - Camille Charbonnier
- Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen University Hospital, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Gaël Nicolas
- Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen University Hospital, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Jean-François Deleuze
- Centre National de recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Génomique, CEA, Evry, France
| | - Anne Boland
- Centre National de recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Génomique, CEA, Evry, France
| | - Mark Lathrop
- McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montréal, Canada
| | - Thierry Frébourg
- Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen University Hospital, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | | | - Dominique Campion
- Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen University Hospital, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Sébastien S Hébert
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, CHUL, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, Canada.,Faculté de médecine, Département de psychiatrie et de neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Anne Rovelet-Lecrux
- Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen University Hospital, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
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17
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Nadhimi Y, Llano DA. Does hearing loss lead to dementia? A review of the literature. Hear Res 2020; 402:108038. [PMID: 32814645 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2020.108038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed a correlation between aging-related hearing loss and the likelihood of developing Alzheimer Disease. However, it is not yet known if the correlation simply reflects the fact that these two disorders share common risk factors or whether there is a causal link between them. The answer to this question carries therapeutic implications. Unfortunately, it is not possible to study the question of causality between aging-related hearing loss and dementia in human subjects. Here, we evaluate the research surrounding induced-hearing loss in animal models on non-auditory cognition to help infer if there is any causal evidence linking hearing loss and a more general dementia. We find ample evidence that induction of hearing loss in animals produces cognitive decline, particularly hippocampal dysfunction. The data suggest that noise-exposure produces a toxic milieu in the hippocampus consisting of a spike in glucocorticoid levels, elevations of mediators of oxidative stress and excitotoxicity, which as a consequence induce cessation of neurogenesis, synaptic loss and tau hyperphosphorylation. These data suggest that hearing loss can lead to pathological hallmarks similar to those seen in Alzheimer's Disease and other dementias. However, the rodent data do not establish that hearing loss on its own can induce a progressive degenerative dementing illness. Therefore, we conclude that an additional "hit", such as aging, APOE genotype, microvascular disease or others, may be necessary to trigger an ongoing degenerative process such as Alzheimer Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosra Nadhimi
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
| | - Daniel A Llano
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA; Carle Neuroscience Institute, Urbana, IL, USA; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, IL, USA.
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18
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Yadikar H, Torres I, Aiello G, Kurup M, Yang Z, Lin F, Kobeissy F, Yost R, Wang KK. Screening of tau protein kinase inhibitors in a tauopathy-relevant cell-based model of tau hyperphosphorylation and oligomerization. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0224952. [PMID: 32692785 PMCID: PMC7373298 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tauopathies are a class of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by abnormal deposition of post-translationally modified tau protein in the human brain. Tauopathies are associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), and other diseases. Hyperphosphorylation increases tau tendency to aggregate and form neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), a pathological hallmark of AD. In this study, okadaic acid (OA, 100 nM), a protein phosphatase 1/2A inhibitor, was treated for 24h in mouse neuroblastoma (N2a) and differentiated rat primary neuronal cortical cell cultures (CTX) to induce tau-hyperphosphorylation and oligomerization as a cell-based tauopathy model. Following the treatments, the effectiveness of different kinase inhibitors was assessed using the tauopathy-relevant tau antibodies through tau-immunoblotting, including the sites: pSer202/pThr205 (AT8), pThr181 (AT270), pSer202 (CP13), pSer396/pSer404 (PHF-1), and pThr231 (RZ3). OA-treated samples induced tau phosphorylation and oligomerization at all tested epitopes, forming a monomeric band (46-67 kDa) and oligomeric bands (170 kDa and 240 kDa). We found that TBB (a casein kinase II inhibitor), AR and LiCl (GSK-3 inhibitors), cyclosporin A (calcineurin inhibitor), and Saracatinib (Fyn kinase inhibitor) caused robust inhibition of OA-induced monomeric and oligomeric p-tau in both N2a and CTX culture. Additionally, a cyclin-dependent kinase 5 inhibitor (Roscovitine) and a calcium chelator (EGTA) showed contrasting results between the two neuronal cultures. This study provides a comprehensive view of potential drug candidates (TBB, CsA, AR, and Saracatinib), and their efficacy against tau hyperphosphorylation and oligomerization processes. These findings warrant further experimentation, possibly including animal models of tauopathies, which may provide a putative Neurotherapy for AD, CTE, and other forms of tauopathy-induced neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamad Yadikar
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics & Biomarkers Research, Departments of Emergency Medicine, Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Laboratory Building, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Isabel Torres
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics & Biomarkers Research, Departments of Emergency Medicine, Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Gabrielle Aiello
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics & Biomarkers Research, Departments of Emergency Medicine, Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Milin Kurup
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics & Biomarkers Research, Departments of Emergency Medicine, Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Zhihui Yang
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics & Biomarkers Research, Departments of Emergency Medicine, Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Fan Lin
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics & Biomarkers Research, Departments of Emergency Medicine, Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics & Biomarkers Research, Departments of Emergency Medicine, Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Richard Yost
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Laboratory Building, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Kevin K. Wang
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics & Biomarkers Research, Departments of Emergency Medicine, Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
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19
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CDK4 and CDK5 Inhibition Have Comparable Mild Hypothermia Effects in Preventing Drp1-Dependent Mitochondrial Fission and Neuron Death Induced by MPP . Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:4090-4105. [PMID: 32666227 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02014-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mild hypothermia has promising effects in the treatment of acute brain insults and also affects cell cycle progression. Mitochondrial dynamics, fusion and fission, are changed along with the cell cycle and disrupted in neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the effects of hypothermia on aberrant mitochondrial dynamics in PD remain unknown. We hypothesized that mild hypothermia protects neurons by regulating cell cycle-dependent protein expression and mitochondrial dynamics in a 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced cell model of PD. We found that the hypothermia treatment at 32 °C prevented MPP+-induced neuron death; however, 32 °C treatment itself also reduced cell viability. This reduction was associated with cell cycle arrest and downregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) in proliferating human SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells but upregulation in well-differentiated primary rat cortical neurons. In both types of neurons, hypothermia upregulated p27 (an endogenous inhibitor of CDKs) and p35 (CDK5 activator) protein expression. Treatment with hypothermia, or a selective CDK4 inhibitor, or roscovitine (CDK5 inhibitor) prevented MPP+-induced mitochondrial fission, upregulation of mitochondrial fission protein dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), and neuron death. In addition, overexpression of dominant negative mutant Drp1K38A improved MPP+-induced mitochondrial fission while overexpression of wild-type Drp1 blunted the prevention of mitochondrial fission by hypothermia as well as CDK4 inhibitor and roscovitine. These results elucidate that hypothermia may inhibit CDK4 and CDK5 activation by upregulating p27 and p35 expression to prevent Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission and neuron loss after MPP+ treatment. CDK4 and CDK5 inhibition imitates the neuroprotective functions of hypothermia as a potential therapy for PD.
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Pražienková V, Schirmer C, Holubová M, Železná B, Kuneš J, Galas MC, Maletínská L. Lipidized Prolactin-Releasing Peptide Agonist Attenuates Hypothermia-Induced Tau Hyperphosphorylation in Neurons. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 67:1187-1200. [PMID: 30689580 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases, characterized by the accumulation of extracellular amyloid plaques and intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles. These tangles mainly consist of hyperphosphorylated tau protein. As it induces tau hyperphosphorylation in vitro and in vivo, hypothermia is a useful tool for screening potential neuroprotective compounds that ameliorate tau pathology. In this study, we examined the effect of prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP), its lipidized analog palm11-PrRP31 and glucagon-like-peptide-1 agonist liraglutide, substances with anorexigenic and antidiabetic properties, on tau phosphorylation and on the main kinases and phosphatases involved in AD development. Our study was conducted in a neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y and rat primary neuronal cultures under normothermic and hypothermic conditions. Hypothermia induced a significant increase in tau phosphorylation at the pThr212 and pSer396/pSer404 epitopes. The palmitoylated analogs liraglutide and palm11-PrRP31 attenuated tau hyperphosphorylation, suggesting their potential use in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claire Schirmer
- Université Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, UMR - S 1172 - Jean Pierre Aubert Research Centre, Alzheimer and Tauopathies, Lille, France
| | - Martina Holubová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, AS CR, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Železná
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, AS CR, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Kuneš
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, AS CR, Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Physiology, AS CR, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marie-Christine Galas
- Université Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, UMR - S 1172 - Jean Pierre Aubert Research Centre, Alzheimer and Tauopathies, Lille, France
| | - Lenka Maletínská
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, AS CR, Prague, Czech Republic
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Deploying human pluripotent stem cells to treat central nervous system disorders: facts, challenges and realising the potential. Stem Cell Res 2019; 41:101581. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2019.101581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Guisle I, Gratuze M, Petry S, Morin F, Keraudren R, Whittington RA, Hébert SS, Mongrain V, Planel E. Circadian and sleep/wake-dependent variations in tau phosphorylation are driven by temperature. Sleep 2019; 43:5614684. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsz266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractStudy ObjectivesAggregates of hyperphosphorylated tau protein are a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other tauopathies. Sleep disturbances are common in AD patients, and insufficient sleep may be a risk factor for AD. Recent evidence suggests that tau phosphorylation is dysregulated by sleep disturbances in mice. However, the physiological regulation of tau phosphorylation during the sleep–wake cycle is currently unknown. We thus aimed to determine whether tau phosphorylation is regulated by circadian rhythms, inherently linked to the sleep–wake cycle.MethodsTo answer these questions, we analyzed by Western blotting tau protein and associated kinases and phosphatases in the brains of awake, sleeping, and sleep-deprived B6 mice. We also recorded their temperature.ResultsWe found that tau phosphorylation undergoes sleep-driven circadian variations as it is hyperphosphorylated during sleep but not during acute sleep deprivation. Moreover, we demonstrate that the mechanism behind these changes involves temperature, as tau phosphorylation was inversely correlated with circadian- and sleep deprivation-induced variations in body temperature, and prevented by housing the animals at a warmer temperature. Notably, similar changes in tau phosphorylation were reproduced in neuronal cells exposed to temperatures recorded during the sleep–wake cycle. Our results also suggest that inhibition of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) may explain the hyperphosphorylation of tau during sleep-induced hypothermia.ConclusionTaken together, our results demonstrate that tau phosphorylation follows a circadian rhythm driven mostly by body temperature and sleep, and provide the physiological basis for further understanding how sleep deregulation can affect tau and ultimately AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Guisle
- Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Maud Gratuze
- Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Séréna Petry
- Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Françoise Morin
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Rémi Keraudren
- Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Robert A Whittington
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, NY
| | - Sébastien S Hébert
- Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Valérie Mongrain
- Research Center and Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (CIUSSS-NIM), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Planel
- Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC, Canada
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Melchior B, Mittapalli GK, Lai C, Duong‐Polk K, Stewart J, Güner B, Hofilena B, Tjitro A, Anderson SD, Herman DS, Dellamary L, Swearingen CJ, Sunil K, Yazici Y. Tau pathology reduction with SM07883, a novel, potent, and selective oral DYRK1A inhibitor: A potential therapeutic for Alzheimer's disease. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e13000. [PMID: 31267651 PMCID: PMC6718548 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase-1A (DYRK1A) is known to phosphorylate the microtubule-associated tau protein. Overexpression is correlated with tau hyperphosphorylation and neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) formation in Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study assessed the potential of SM07883, an oral DYRK1A inhibitor, to inhibit tau hyperphosphorylation, aggregation, NFT formation, and associated phenotypes in mouse models. Exploratory neuroinflammatory effects were also studied. SM07883 specificity was tested in a kinase panel screen and showed potent inhibition of DYRK1A (IC50 = 1.6 nM) and GSK-3β (IC50 = 10.8 nM) kinase activity. Tau phosphorylation measured in cell-based assays showed a reduction in phosphorylation of multiple tau epitopes, especially the threonine 212 site (EC50 = 16 nM). SM07883 showed good oral bioavailability in multiple species and demonstrated a dose-dependent reduction of transient hypothermia-induced phosphorylated tau in the brains of wild-type mice compared to vehicle (47%, p < 0.001). Long-term efficacy assessed in aged JNPL3 mice overexpressing the P301L human tau mutation (3 mg/kg, QD, for 3 months) exhibited significant reductions in tau hyperphosphorylation, oligomeric and aggregated tau, and tau-positive inclusions compared to vehicle in brainstem and spinal cord samples. Reduced gliosis compared to vehicle was further confirmed by ELISA. SM07883 was well tolerated with improved general health, weight gain, and functional improvement in a wire-hang test compared to vehicle-treated mice (p = 0.048). SM07883, a potent, orally bioavailable, brain-penetrant DYRK1A inhibitor, significantly reduced effects of pathological tau overexpression and neuroinflammation, while functional endpoints were improved compared to vehicle in animal models. This small molecule has potential as a treatment for AD.
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Christie BR, Trivino‐Paredes J, Pinar C, Neale KJ, Meconi A, Reid H, Hutton CP. A Rapid Neurological Assessment Protocol for Repeated Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Awake Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 89:e80. [DOI: 10.1002/cpns.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian R. Christie
- Division of Medical SciencesUniversity of Victoria Victoria British Columbia Canada
- Island Medical ProgramUniversity of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Juan Trivino‐Paredes
- Division of Medical SciencesUniversity of Victoria Victoria British Columbia Canada
- Island Medical ProgramUniversity of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Cristina Pinar
- Division of Medical SciencesUniversity of Victoria Victoria British Columbia Canada
- Island Medical ProgramUniversity of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Katie J. Neale
- Division of Medical SciencesUniversity of Victoria Victoria British Columbia Canada
- Island Medical ProgramUniversity of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Alicia Meconi
- Division of Medical SciencesUniversity of Victoria Victoria British Columbia Canada
- Island Medical ProgramUniversity of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Hannah Reid
- Division of Medical SciencesUniversity of Victoria Victoria British Columbia Canada
- Island Medical ProgramUniversity of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Craig P. Hutton
- Division of Medical SciencesUniversity of Victoria Victoria British Columbia Canada
- Island Medical ProgramUniversity of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
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Gattoni G, Bernocchi G. Calcium-Binding Proteins in the Nervous System during Hibernation: Neuroprotective Strategies in Hypometabolic Conditions? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2364. [PMID: 31086053 PMCID: PMC6540041 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium-binding proteins (CBPs) can influence and react to Ca2+ transients and modulate the activity of proteins involved in both maintaining homeostatic conditions and protecting cells in harsh environmental conditions. Hibernation is a strategy that evolved in vertebrate and invertebrate species to survive in cold environments; it relies on molecular, cellular, and behavioral adaptations guided by the neuroendocrine system that together ensure unmatched tolerance to hypothermia, hypometabolism, and hypoxia. Therefore, hibernation is a useful model to study molecular neuroprotective adaptations to extreme conditions, and can reveal useful applications to human pathological conditions. In this review, we describe the known changes in Ca2+-signaling and the detection and activity of CBPs in the nervous system of vertebrate and invertebrate models during hibernation, focusing on cytosolic Ca2+ buffers and calmodulin. Then, we discuss these findings in the context of the neuroprotective and neural plasticity mechanisms in the central nervous system: in particular, those associated with cytoskeletal proteins. Finally, we compare the expression of CBPs in the hibernating nervous system with two different conditions of neurodegeneration, i.e., platinum-induced neurotoxicity and Alzheimer's disease, to highlight the similarities and differences and demonstrate the potential of hibernation to shed light into part of the molecular mechanisms behind neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Gattoni
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.
| | - Graziella Bernocchi
- Former Full Professor of Zoology, Neurogenesis and Comparative Neuromorphology, (Residence address) Viale Matteotti 73, I-27100 Pavia, Italy.
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Repeated cold exposures protect a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease against cold-induced tau phosphorylation. Mol Metab 2019; 22:110-120. [PMID: 30770297 PMCID: PMC6437631 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Old age is associated with a rise in the incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) but also with thermoregulatory deficits. Indicative of a link between the two, hypothermia induces tau hyperphosphorylation. The 3xTg-AD mouse model not only develops tau and amyloid pathologies in the brain but also metabolic and thermoregulatory deficits. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is the main thermogenic driver in mammals, and its stimulation counteracts metabolic deficits in rodents and humans. We thus investigated whether BAT stimulation impedes AD neuropathology. Methods 15-month-old 3xTg-AD mice were subjected to repeated short cold exposures (RSCE), consisting of 4-hour sessions of cold exposure (4 °C), five times per week for four weeks, compared to animals kept at housing temperature. Results First, we confirmed that 3xTg-AD RSCE-trained mice exhibited BAT thermogenesis and improved glucose tolerance. RSCE-trained mice were completely resistant to tau hyperphosphorylation in the hippocampus induced by a 24-hour cold challenge. Finally, RSCE increased plasma levels of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a batokine, which inversely correlated with hippocampal tau phosphorylation. Conclusions Overall, BAT stimulation through RSCE improved metabolic deficits and completely blocked cold-induced tau hyperphosphorylation in the 3xTg-AD mouse model of AD neuropathology. These results suggest that improving thermogenesis could exert a therapeutic effect in AD. Cold acclimation increases brown adipose tissue thermogenesis in old 3xTg-AD mice. Cold acclimation improved glucose tolerance in old 3xTg-AD mice. Enhanced thermogenesis protects against cold-induced brain tau phosphorylation. Repeated cold exposures increased plasmatic levels of fibroblast growth factor 21. Peripheral fibroblast growth factor 21 levels correlate with tau phosphorylation.
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Tan CC, Zhang XY, Tan L, Yu JT. Tauopathies: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 61:487-508. [PMID: 29278892 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tauopathies are morphologically, biochemically, and clinically heterogeneous neurodegenerative diseases defined by the accumulation of abnormal tau proteins in the brain. There is no effective method to prevent and reverse the tauopathies, but this gloomy picture has been changed by recent research advances. Evidences from genetic studies, experimental animal models, and molecular and cell biology have shed light on the main mechanisms of the diseases. The development of radiology and biochemistry, especially the development of PET imaging, will provide important biomarkers for the clinical diagnosis and treatment. Given the central role of tau in tauopathies, many treatments have constantly emerged, including targeting phosphorylation, targeting aggregation, increasing microtubule stabilization, tau immunization, clearance of tau, anti-inflammatory treatment, and other therapeutics. There is still a long way to go before we obtain drug therapy targeted at multifactor mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Chen Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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Motzko-Soares ACP, Vizin RCL, Martins TMS, Hungaro ARO, Sato JR, Almeida MC, Carrettiero DC. Thermoregulatory profile of neurodegeneration-induced dementia of the Alzheimer's type using intracerebroventricular streptozotocin in rats. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2018; 224:e13084. [PMID: 29719119 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
AIM Here, we have extensively investigated the relationship between thermoregulation and neurodegeneration-induced dementia of the Alzheimer's type using intracerebroventricular injections of streptozotocin (icv-STZ). METHODS Male Wistar rats were treated with bilateral injections of icv-STZ, and their thermoregulatory profiles (core body temperature, tail-skin temperature, cold and heat defence responses and thermal place preference) were evaluated. Spatial memory, locomotor activity, social interaction, brain ventricular volume, and Aβ1-42 and tau protein levels in the brain were analysed to characterize the effects of STZ on the brain and behaviour. RESULTS In addition to deficits in spatial memory, reduced social interaction and an increased brain ventricular volume, icv-STZ rats presented a pattern of hyperthermia, as demonstrated by an increased core body temperature. Hyperthermia was due to the activation of both autonomic heat conservation and behavioural cold avoidance, as STZ-treated rats presented tail-cutaneous vasoconstriction and an altered thermal preference. They also showed a distinct cold defence response when exposed to cold. CONCLUSION Our data bring evidence that icv-STZ in rats causes hyperthermia, with activation of both autonomic and behavioural thermoregulatory defence responses when challenged at colder temperatures, leading us to hypothesize that they are more efficient in preventing hypothermia. These data are relevant for a better understanding of neurodegenerative disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. C. P. Motzko-Soares
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Cognition; Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC); São Bernardo do Campo SP Brazil
| | - R. C. L. Vizin
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Cognition; Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC); São Bernardo do Campo SP Brazil
| | - T. M. S. Martins
- Undergraduate Program in Science and Technology; Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC); São Bernardo do Campo SP Brazil
| | - A. R. O. Hungaro
- Undergraduate Program in Science and Technology; Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC); São Bernardo do Campo SP Brazil
| | - J. R. Sato
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Cognition; Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC); São Bernardo do Campo SP Brazil
- Center for Mathematics Computation and Cognition (CMCC); Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC); São Bernardo do Campo SP Brazil
| | - M. C. Almeida
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Cognition; Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC); São Bernardo do Campo SP Brazil
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH); Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC); São Bernardo do Campo SP Brazil
| | - D. C. Carrettiero
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Cognition; Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC); São Bernardo do Campo SP Brazil
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH); Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC); São Bernardo do Campo SP Brazil
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Abstract
While human hibernation would provide many advantages for medical applications and space exploration, the intrinsic risks of the procedure itself, as well as those involved if the procedure were to be misused, need to be assessed. Moreover, the distinctive brain state that is present during a hibernation-like state raises questions regarding the state of consciousness of the subject. Since, in animal studies, the cortical activity of this state differs from that of sleep, coma, or even general anesthesia, and resembles a sort of "slowed wakefulness", it is uncertain whether residual consciousness may still be present. In this review, I will present a brief summary of the literature on hibernation and of the current state of the art in inducing a state of artificial hibernation (synthetic torpor); I will then focus on the brain changes that are observed during hibernation, on how these could modify the neural substrate of consciousness, and on the possible use of hibernation as a model for quantum biology. Finally, some ethical considerations on the use of synthetic torpor technology will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Cerri
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta S.Donato, 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy. Tel.: +39 051 2091731; Fax: +39 051 2091737; E-mail:
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Chang HY, Sang TK, Chiang AS. Untangling the Tauopathy for Alzheimer's disease and parkinsonism. J Biomed Sci 2018; 25:54. [PMID: 29991349 PMCID: PMC6038292 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-018-0457-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau is a microtubule-associated protein that mainly localizes to the axon to stabilize axonal microtubule structure and neuronal connectivity. Tau pathology is one of the most common proteinopathies that associates with age-dependent neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD), and various Parkinsonism. Tau protein undergoes a plethora of intra-molecular modifications and some altered forms promote the production of toxic oligomeric tau and paired helical filaments, and through which further assemble into neurofibrillary tangles, also known as tauopathy. In this review, we will discuss the recent advances of the tauopathy research, primarily focusing on its association with the early axonal manifestation of axonal transport defect, axonal mitochondrial stress, autophagic vesicle accumulation and the proceeding of axon destruction, and the pathogenic Tau spreading across the synapse. Two alternative strategies either by targeting tau protein itself or by improving the age-related physiological decline are currently racing to find the hopeful treatment for tauopathy. Undoubtedly, more studies are needed to combat this devastating condition that has already affected millions of people in our aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yun Chang
- Department of Medical Science, Institute of Systems Neuroscience, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013 Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013 Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Kang Sang
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Biotechnology, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013 Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013 Taiwan
| | - Ann-Shyn Chiang
- Department of Medical Science, Institute of Systems Neuroscience, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013 Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Biotechnology, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013 Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013 Taiwan
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Abstract
Tauopathies are neurodegenerative diseases that are characterized by the presence of hyperphosphorylated tau-containing neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the brain and include Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia, which lack effective disease-modifying treatments. The presence of NFTs is known to correlate with cognition impairment, suggesting that targeting tau hyperphosphorylation may be therapeutically effective. MLC901 is a herbal formulation that is currently used in poststroke recovery and consists of nine herbal components. Previously, several components of MLC901 have been shown to have an effect on tau phosphorylation, but it remains unknown whether MLC901 itself has the same effect. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of MLC901 on ameliorating tau phosphorylation at epitopes associated with NFT formation. A stably transfected cell culture model expressing tau harboring the P301S mutation was generated and treated with various concentrations of MLC901 across different time points. Tau phosphorylation profiles and protein levels of enzymes associated with tau phosphorylation were assessed using western blotting. One-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni post-hoc analysis showed that MLC901 significantly reduced tau phosphorylation at epitopes recognized by the AT8, AT270, and PHF-13 antibodies. MLC901 also induced a significant increase in the s9 phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β and a concurrent decrease in the activation of cyclin-dependent kinase 5, as measured by a significant decrease in the levels of p35/cyclin-dependent kinase 5. Our results provide supporting evidence to further study the effects of MLC901 on tau pathology and cognition using mouse models of tauopathy.
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Almeida MC, Carrettiero DC. Hypothermia as a risk factor for Alzheimer disease. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2018; 157:727-735. [PMID: 30459036 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64074-1.00044-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD), which is associated with chronic and progressive neurodegeneration, is the most prevalent cause of dementia linked to aging. Among the risk factors for AD, age stands as the greatest one, with the vast majority of people with AD being 65 years of age or older. Nevertheless, the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying the link between aging and the development of AD, although not completely understood, might reveal important aspects for the understanding of this pathology. Thus, there is significant evidence that the impaired thermal homeostasis associated with normal aging leads to a variety of metabolic changes that could be associated with AD development. In this chapter, we assess the clinical and biochemical evidence implicating hypothermia as a risk factor for the development of AD and the impact of hypothermia on the two pathologic hallmarks of AD: accumulation of senile plaques of amyloid-beta and neurofibrillary tangles of aberrant hyperphosphorylated tau protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Camila Almeida
- Natural and Human Sciences Center, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil.
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Locus Coeruleus Ablation Exacerbates Cognitive Deficits, Neuropathology, and Lethality in P301S Tau Transgenic Mice. J Neurosci 2017; 38:74-92. [PMID: 29133432 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1483-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The brainstem locus coeruleus (LC) supplies norepinephrine to the forebrain and degenerates in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Loss of LC neurons is correlated with increased severity of other AD hallmarks, including β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques, tau neurofibrillary tangles, and cognitive deficits, suggesting that it contributes to the disease progression. Lesions of the LC in amyloid-based transgenic mouse models of AD exacerbate Aβ pathology, neuroinflammation, and cognitive deficits, but it is unknown how the loss of LC neurons affects tau-mediated pathology or behavioral abnormalities. Here we investigate the impact of LC degeneration in a mouse model of tauopathy by lesioning the LC of male and female P301S tau transgenic mice with the neurotoxin N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-bromobenzylamine (DSP-4) starting at 2 months of age. By 6 months, deficits in hippocampal-dependent spatial (Morris water maze) and associative (contextual fear conditioning) memory were observed in lesioned P301S mice while performance remained intact in all other genotype and treatment groups, indicating that tau and LC degeneration act synergistically to impair cognition. By 10 months, the hippocampal neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration typically observed in unlesioned P301S mice were exacerbated by DSP-4, and mortality was also accelerated. These DSP-4-induced changes were accompanied by only a mild aggravation of tau pathology, suggesting that increased tau burden cannot fully account for the effects of LC degeneration. Combined, these experiments demonstrate that loss of LC noradrenergic neurons exacerbates multiple phenotypes caused by pathogenic tau, and provides complementary data to highlight the dual role LC degeneration has on both tau and Aβ pathologies in AD.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Elucidating the mechanisms underlying AD is crucial to developing effective diagnostics and therapeutics. The degeneration of the LC and loss of noradrenergic transmission have been recognized as ubiquitous events in AD pathology, and previous studies demonstrated that LC lesions exacerbate pathology and cognitive deficits in amyloid-based mouse models. Here, we reveal a complementary role of LC degeneration on tau-mediated aspects of the disease by using selective lesions of the LC and the noradrenergic system to demonstrate an exacerbation of cognitive deficits, neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration in a transgenic mouse model of tauopathy. Our data support an integral role for the LC in modulating the severity of both canonical AD-associated pathologies, as well as the detrimental consequences of LC degeneration during disease progression.
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Amin FU, Hoshiar AK, Do TD, Noh Y, Shah SA, Khan MS, Yoon J, Kim MO. Osmotin-loaded magnetic nanoparticles with electromagnetic guidance for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:10619-10632. [PMID: 28534925 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr00772h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent age-related neurodegenerative disease, pathologically characterized by the accumulation of aggregated amyloid beta (Aβ) in the brain. Here, we describe for the first time the development of a new, pioneering nanotechnology-based drug delivery approach for potential therapies for neurodegenerative diseases, particularly AD. We demonstrated the delivery of fluorescent carboxyl magnetic Nile Red particles (FMNPs) to the brains of normal mice using a functionalized magnetic field (FMF) composed of positive- and negative-pulsed magnetic fields generated by electromagnetic coils. The FMNPs successfully reached the brain in a few minutes and showed evidence of blood-brain barrier (BBB) crossing. Moreover, the best FMF conditions were found for inducing the FMNPs to reach the cortex and hippocampus regions. Under the same FMF conditions, dextran-coated Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) loaded with osmotin (OMNP) were transported to the brains of Aβ1-42-treated mice. Compared with native osmotin, the OMNP potently attenuates Aβ1-42-induced synaptic deficits, Aβ accumulation, BACE-1 expression and tau hyperphosphorylation. This magnetic drug delivery approach can be extended to preclinical and clinical use and may advance the chances of success in the treatment of neurological disorders like AD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiz Ul Amin
- Division of Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University (GNU), Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea.
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Insulin deprivation induces PP2A inhibition and tau hyperphosphorylation in hTau mice, a model of Alzheimer's disease-like tau pathology. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46359. [PMID: 28402338 PMCID: PMC5389355 DOI: 10.1038/srep46359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormally hyperphosphorylated tau aggregated as intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles is one of the two neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The majority of AD cases are sporadic with numerous environmental, biological and genetic risks factors. Interestingly, insulin dysfunction and hyperglycaemia are both risk factors for sporadic AD. However, how hyperglycaemia and insulin dysfunction affect tau pathology, is not well understood. In this study, we examined the effects of insulin deficiency on tau pathology in transgenic hTau mice by injecting different doses of streptozotocin (STZ), a toxin that destroys insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. One high dose of STZ resulted in marked diabetes, and five low doses led to a milder diabetes. Both groups exhibited brain tau hyperphosphorylation but no increased aggregation. Tau hyperphosphorylation correlated with inhibition of Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A), the main tau phosphatase. Interestingly, insulin injection 30 minutes before sacrifice partially restored tau phosphorylation to control levels in both STZ-injected groups. Our results confirm a link between insulin homeostasis and tau phosphorylation, which could explain, at least in part, a higher incidence of AD in diabetic patients.
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Wu X, Kosaraju J, Tam KY. SLM, a novel carbazole-based fluorophore attenuates okadaic acid-induced tau hyperphosphorylation via down-regulating GSK-3β activity in SH-SY5Y cells. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 110:101-108. [PMID: 28359686 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylated tau dissociates from microtubules and aggregates to form neurofibrillary tangles resulting in neuronal toxicity and cognitive deficits. Attenuating tau hyperphosphorylation is considered as an effective therapeutic approach for Alzheimer's disease (AD). From our previous study, SLM, a carbazole-based fluorophore prevents Aβ aggregation, reduced glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) activity and tau hyperphosphorylation in triple transgenic mouse model of AD. However, the mechanism by which SLM attenuates tau hyperphosphorylation warrants further investigation. In the current study, we intend to evaluate the effects of SLM against okadaic acid (OA)-induced tau hyperphosphorylation and microtubules instability in human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells. The results showed that, SLM reduced the OA-induced cell neurotoxicity and tau hyperphosphorylation in SH-SY5Y cells. SLM treatment down-regulated GSK-3β activity. However, in the presence of GSK-3β inhibitor (SB216763, 10μM), SLM treatment could not reduce GSK-3β activity and tau hyperphosphorylation as compared with SB216763 treatment alone. Furthermore, SLM treatment also ameliorated OA-induced microtubules instability and cytoskeleton damage. Collectively, SLM attenuated OA-induced tau hyperphosphorylation via down-regulating GSK-3β activity in SH-SY5Y cells. Therefore, this study supports SLM as a potential compound for AD and other tau pathology-related neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | | | - Kin Yip Tam
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China.
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Zempel H, Mandelkow EM. Tracking Tau in Neurons: How to Grow, Fix, and Stain Primary Neurons for the Investigation of Tau in All Developmental Stages. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1523:327-334. [PMID: 27975260 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6598-4_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Primary neurons have proved to be an invaluable tool for the investigation of Tau in the context of neuronal development and neurodegeneration. Culturing neurons usually is time consuming and requires multiple feeding steps and media exchanges, and either the use of proprietary media supplements or tedious preparation of complex media. Here we describe a relatively cheap and easy cell culture procedure based on a commercially available neuronal culture supplement (NS21) of known composition, as well as basic fixation techniques. Further, we demonstrate a staining technique that can be carried out in pre-coated hydrophobic multi-well plates, which minimizes antibody consumption and allows fast and convenient processing of samples for immunofluorescence microscopy of endogenous Tau in primary neurons. We also provide a protocol that allows cryopreservation of fixed cells for years without loss of Tau stainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Zempel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, D-53175, Bonn, Germany. .,Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research (Cologne), Hamburg Outstation, c/o DESY, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Eva-Maria Mandelkow
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, D-53175, Bonn, Germany.,Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research (Cologne), Hamburg Outstation, c/o DESY, Hamburg, Germany.,Center for Advanced European Studies and Research (caesar), Bonn, Germany
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Ali T, Kim MJ, Rehman SU, Ahmad A, Kim MO. Anthocyanin-Loaded PEG-Gold Nanoparticles Enhanced the Neuroprotection of Anthocyanins in an Aβ 1-42 Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:6490-6506. [PMID: 27730512 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0136-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nanomedicine is an emerging research area. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective efficacy of anthocyanin-loaded polyethylene glycol-gold nanoparticles (PEG-AuNPs) for enhancing the neuroprotective efficacy of anthocyanins in an amyloid beta (Aβ)1-42 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. We observed that both anthocyanin-loaded PEG-AuNPs and anthocyanins treatment (12 μg/g/day for 14 days) ameliorated memory impairments in the Aβ1-42-injected mice. However, the anthocyanin-loaded PEG-AuNPs were more effective than free anthocyanins. Anthocyanin-loaded PEG-AuNPs protected pre- and post-synaptic proteins from Aβ1-42-induced synaptic dysfunction. Interestingly, the anthocyanin-loaded PEG-AuNPs also regulated the p-PI3K/p-Akt/p-GSK3β pathway and, as a result, prevented the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein at serines 413 and 404 in the Aβ1-42-injected mice. Western blot results of cytochrome c, Bax/Bcl2, caspases and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 expression levels, and immunohistochemical Nissl and Fluoro-Jade B staining also indicated that the anthocyanin-loaded PEG-AuNPs inhibited apoptosis and neurodegeneration in the Aβ1-42-injected mice. Our results suggest that the conjugation of dietary polyphenolic compounds with gold nanoparticles, such as anthocyanin-loaded PEG-AuNPs, is a novel approach that may represent an important and promising nanomedicine strategy to prevent age-associated neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Ali
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ju Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Shafiq Ur Rehman
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ashfaq Ahmad
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Ok Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea.
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Domise M, Didier S, Marinangeli C, Zhao H, Chandakkar P, Buée L, Viollet B, Davies P, Marambaud P, Vingtdeux V. AMP-activated protein kinase modulates tau phosphorylation and tau pathology in vivo. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26758. [PMID: 27230293 PMCID: PMC4882625 DOI: 10.1038/srep26758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are the pathological hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases commonly known as tauopathies. NFTs result from the intracellular aggregation of abnormally and hyperphosphorylated tau proteins. Tau functions, which include the regulation of microtubules dynamics, are dependent on its phosphorylation status. As a consequence, any changes in tau phosphorylation can have major impacts on synaptic plasticity and memory. Recently, it has been demonstrated that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) was deregulated in the brain of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients where it co-localized with phosphorylated tau in pre-tangle and tangle-bearing neurons. Besides, it was found that AMPK was a tau kinase in vitro. Here, we find that endogenous AMPK activation in mouse primary neurons induced an increase of tau phosphorylation at multiple sites, whereas AMPK inhibition led to a rapid decrease of tau phosphorylation. We further show that AMPK mice deficient for one of the catalytic alpha subunits displayed reduced endogenous tau phosphorylation. Finally, we found that AMPK deficiency reduced tau pathology in the PS19 mouse model of tauopathy. These results show that AMPK regulates tau phosphorylation in mouse primary neurons as well as in vivo, and thus suggest that AMPK could be a key player in the development of AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Domise
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Sébastien Didier
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Claudia Marinangeli
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Haitian Zhao
- Litwin-Zucker Research Center for the Study of Alzheimer's disease, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York 11030, USA
| | - Pallavi Chandakkar
- Litwin-Zucker Research Center for the Study of Alzheimer's disease, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York 11030, USA
| | - Luc Buée
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Benoit Viollet
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, Paris 75014, France.,CNRS, UMR 8104, Paris 75014, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75014, France
| | - Peter Davies
- Litwin-Zucker Research Center for the Study of Alzheimer's disease, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York 11030, USA
| | - Philippe Marambaud
- Litwin-Zucker Research Center for the Study of Alzheimer's disease, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York 11030, USA
| | - Valérie Vingtdeux
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT, F-59000 Lille, France
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40
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Neuroprotective Effect of Fisetin Against Amyloid-Beta-Induced Cognitive/Synaptic Dysfunction, Neuroinflammation, and Neurodegeneration in Adult Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:2269-2285. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9795-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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41
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Rzechorzek NM, Connick P, Livesey MR, Borooah S, Patani R, Burr K, Story D, Wyllie DJA, Hardingham GE, Chandran S. Hypothermic Preconditioning Reverses Tau Ontogenesis in Human Cortical Neurons and is Mimicked by Protein Phosphatase 2A Inhibition. EBioMedicine 2016; 3:141-154. [PMID: 26870825 PMCID: PMC4739435 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypothermia is potently neuroprotective, but the molecular basis of this effect remains obscure. Changes in neuronal tau protein are of interest, since tau becomes hyperphosphorylated in injury-resistant, hypothermic brains. Noting inter-species differences in tau isoforms, we have used functional cortical neurons differentiated from human pluripotent stem cells (hCNs) to interrogate tau modulation during hypothermic preconditioning at clinically-relevant temperatures. Key tau developmental transitions (phosphorylation status and splicing shift) are recapitulated during hCN differentiation and subsequently reversed by mild (32 °C) to moderate (28 °C) cooling--conditions which reduce oxidative and excitotoxic stress-mediated injury in hCNs. Blocking a major tau kinase decreases hCN tau phosphorylation and abrogates hypothermic neuroprotection, whilst inhibition of protein phosphatase 2A mimics cooling-induced tau hyperphosphorylation and protects normothermic hCNs from oxidative stress. These findings indicate a possible role for phospho-tau in hypothermic preconditioning, and suggest that cooling drives human tau towards an earlier ontogenic phenotype whilst increasing neuronal resilience to common neurotoxic insults. This work provides a critical step forward in understanding how we might exploit the neuroprotective benefits of cooling without cooling patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina M Rzechorzek
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian EH16 4SB, United Kingdom; MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian EH16 4UU, United Kingdom; Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian EH16 4SB, United Kingdom.
| | - Peter Connick
- The Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian EH16 4SB, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew R Livesey
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian EH16 4SB, United Kingdom; Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian EH8 9XD, United Kingdom
| | - Shyamanga Borooah
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian EH16 4UU, United Kingdom; Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian EH16 4SB, United Kingdom; The Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian EH16 4SB, United Kingdom
| | - Rickie Patani
- The Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian EH16 4SB, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Burr
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian EH16 4UU, United Kingdom; Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian EH16 4SB, United Kingdom
| | - David Story
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian EH16 4UU, United Kingdom; Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian EH16 4SB, United Kingdom
| | - David J A Wyllie
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian EH16 4SB, United Kingdom; Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian EH8 9XD, United Kingdom
| | - Giles E Hardingham
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian EH8 9XD, United Kingdom
| | - Siddharthan Chandran
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian EH16 4SB, United Kingdom; MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian EH16 4UU, United Kingdom; Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian EH16 4SB, United Kingdom; The Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian EH16 4SB, United Kingdom.
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Huang C, Ng OTW, Ho YS, Irwin MG, Chang RCC, Wong GTC. Effect of Continuous Propofol Infusion in Rat on Tau Phosphorylation with or without Temperature Control. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 51:213-26. [PMID: 26836157 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Several studies suggest a relationship between anesthesia-induced tau hyperphosphorylation and the development of postoperative cognitive dysfunction. This study further characterized the effects of continuous propofol infusion on tau protein phosphorylation in rats, with or without temperature control. Propofol was administered intravenously to 8-10-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats and infused to the loss of the righting reflex for 2 h continuously. Proteins from cortex and hippocampus were examined by western blot and immunohistochemistry. Rectal temperature was significantly decreased during propofol infusion. Propofol with hypothermia significantly increased phosphorylation of tau at AT8, AT180, Thr205, and Ser199 in cortex and hippocampus except Ser396. With temperature maintenance, propofol still induced significant elevation of AT8, Thr205, and Ser199 in cortex and hippocampus; however, increase of AT180 and Ser396 was only found in hippocampus and cortex, respectively. Differential effects of propofol with or without hypothermia on multiple tau related kinases, such as Akt/GSK3β, MAPK pathways, or phosphatase (PP2A), were demonstrated in region-specific manner. These findings indicated that propofol increased tau phosphorylation under both normothermic and hypothermic conditions, and temperature control could partially attenuate the hyperphosphorylation of tau. Further studies are warranted to determine the long-term impact of propofol on the tau pathology and cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Huang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Olivia Tsz-Wa Ng
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuen-Shan Ho
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Michael Garnet Irwin
- Department of Anaesthesiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Raymond Chuen-Chung Chang
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Gordon Tin-Chun Wong
- Department of Anaesthesiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Soeda Y, Yoshikawa M, Almeida OFX, Sumioka A, Maeda S, Osada H, Kondoh Y, Saito A, Miyasaka T, Kimura T, Suzuki M, Koyama H, Yoshiike Y, Sugimoto H, Ihara Y, Takashima A. Toxic tau oligomer formation blocked by capping of cysteine residues with 1,2-dihydroxybenzene groups. Nat Commun 2015; 6:10216. [PMID: 26671725 PMCID: PMC4703892 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofibrillary tangles, composed of hyperphosphorylated tau fibrils, are a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease; the neurofibrillary tangle load correlates strongly with clinical progression of the disease. A growing body of evidence indicates that tau oligomer formation precedes the appearance of neurofibrillary tangles and contributes to neuronal loss. Here we show that tau oligomer formation can be inhibited by compounds whose chemical backbone includes 1,2-dihydroxybenzene. Specifically, we demonstrate that 1,2-dihydroxybenzene-containing compounds bind to and cap cysteine residues of tau and prevent its aggregation by hindering interactions between tau molecules. Further, we show that orally administered DL-isoproterenol, an adrenergic receptor agonist whose skeleton includes 1,2-dihydroxybenzene and which penetrates the brain, reduces the levels of detergent-insoluble tau, neuronal loss and reverses neurofibrillary tangle-associated brain dysfunction. Thus, compounds that target the cysteine residues of tau may prove useful in halting the progression of Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies. Aggregation of microtubule associated protein tau is one of cause of neuronal loss in tauopathies including Alzheimer's disease. Here, the authors show that compounds with a 1,2-dihydroxybenzene skeleton can modify cysteine residues in tau and block toxic tau aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Soeda
- Department of Aging Neurobiology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Misato Yoshikawa
- Department of Aging Neurobiology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Osborne F X Almeida
- Department of Stress Neurology and Neurogenesis, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstrasse, 2-10, Munich 80804, Germany
| | - Akio Sumioka
- Department of Aging Neurobiology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Sumihiro Maeda
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158-2261, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Osada
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.,Antibiotics Laboratory, Advanced Science Institute, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yasumitsu Kondoh
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.,Antibiotics Laboratory, Advanced Science Institute, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Akiko Saito
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Electro-communication University (OECU), 18-8 Hatsu-cho, Osaka 572-8530, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Miyasaka
- Department of Neuropathology, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kimura
- Department of Aging Neurobiology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Masaaki Suzuki
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroko Koyama
- Division of Regeneration and Advanced Medical Science, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Yuji Yoshiike
- Alzheimer's Disease Project Team, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Hachiro Sugimoto
- Laboratory of Structural Neuropathology, Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha University, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0225, Japan
| | - Yasuo Ihara
- Department of Neuropathology, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan.,Laboratory of Cognition and Aging, Doshisha University, Kizugawa 619-0225, Japan
| | - Akihiko Takashima
- Department of Aging Neurobiology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
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Caffeine prevents d-galactose-induced cognitive deficits, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in the adult rat brain. Neurochem Int 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Carrettiero DC, Santiago FE, Motzko-Soares ACP, Almeida MC. Temperature and toxic Tau in Alzheimer's disease: new insights. Temperature (Austin) 2015; 2:491-8. [PMID: 27227069 PMCID: PMC4843920 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2015.1096438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common dementia in the elderly, is characterized by cognitive impairment and severe autonomic symptoms such as disturbance in core body temperature (Tc), which may be predictors or early events in AD onset. Inclusions of phosphorylated Tau (p-Tau) are a hallmark of AD and other neurodegenerative disorders called “Tauopathies.” Animal and human studies show that anesthesia augments p-Tau levels through reduction of Tc, with implications for AD. Additionally, hypothermia impairs memory and cognitive function. The molecular networks related to Tc that are associated with AD remain poorly characterized. Under physiological conditions, Tau binds microtubules, promoting their assembly and stability. The dynamically regulated Tau-microtubule interaction plays an important role in structural remodeling of the cytoskeleton, having important functions in neuronal plasticity and memory in the hippocampus. Hypothermia-induced increases in p-Tau levels are significant, with an 80% increase for each degree Celsius below normothermic conditions. Although the effects of temperature on Tau phosphorylation are evident, its effects on p-Tau degradation remain poorly understoodWe review information concerning the mechanisms of Tau regulation of neuron plasticity via its effects on microtubule dynamics, with focus on pathways regulating the abundance of phosphorylated Tau species. We highlight the effects of temperature on molecular mechanisms influencing the development of Tau-related diseases. Specifically, we argue that cold might preferentially affects central nervous system structures that are highly reliant upon plasticity, such as the hippocampus, and that the effect of cold on Tau phosphorylation may constitute a pathology-initiating trigger leading to neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Carneiro Carrettiero
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Cognition; Universidade Federal do ABC; São Bernardo do Campo, Brasil; Center for Natural Sciences and Humanities; Universidade Federal do ABC; São Bernardo do Campo, Brasil
| | - Fernando Enrique Santiago
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Cognition; Universidade Federal do ABC; São Bernardo do Campo , Brasil
| | | | - Maria Camila Almeida
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Cognition; Universidade Federal do ABC; São Bernardo do Campo, Brasil; Center for Natural Sciences and Humanities; Universidade Federal do ABC; São Bernardo do Campo, Brasil
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Ali T, Kim MO. Melatonin ameliorates amyloid beta-induced memory deficits, tau hyperphosphorylation and neurodegeneration via PI3/Akt/GSk3β pathway in the mouse hippocampus. J Pineal Res 2015; 59:47-59. [PMID: 25858697 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent age-related neurodegenerative disease, pathologically characterized by the accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) aggregation in the brain, and is considered to be the primary cause of cognitive dysfunction. Aβ aggregates lead to synaptic disorder, tau hyperphosphorylation, and neurodegeneration. In this study, the underlying neuroprotective mechanism of melatonin against Aβ1-42-induced neurotoxicity was investigated in the mice hippocampus. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) Aβ1-42-injection triggered memory impairment, synaptic disorder, hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, and neurodegeneration in the mice hippocampus. After 24 hr of Aβ1-42 injection, the mice were treated with melatonin (10 mg/kg, intraperitonially) for 3 wks, reversed the Aβ1-42-induced synaptic disorder via increasing the level of presyanptic (Synaptophysin and SNAP-25) and postsynaptic protein [PSD95, p-GluR1 (Ser845), SNAP23, and p-CREB (Ser133)], respectively, and attenuated the Aβ1-42-induced memory impairment. Chronic melatonin treatment attenuated the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein via PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling by activating the p-PI3K, p-Akt (Ser 473) and p-GSK3β (Ser9) in the Aβ1-42-treated mice. Furthermore, melatonin decreased Aβ1-42 -induced apoptosis through decreasing the overexpression of caspase-9, caspase-3, and PARP-1 level. Additionally, the evaluation of immunohistochemical analysis of caspase-3, Fluorojade-B, and Nissl staining indicated that melatonin prevented neurodegeneration in Aβ1-42-treated mice. Our results demonstrated that melatonin has neuroprotective effect against Aβ1-42-induced neurotoxicity through decreasing memory impairment, synaptic disorder, tau hyperphosphorylation, and neurodegeneration via PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling in the Aβ1-42-treated mouse model of AD. On the basis of these results, we suggest that melatonin could be an effective, promising, and safe neuroprotective candidate for the treatment of progressive neurodegenerative disorders, such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Ali
- Department of Biology and Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Sciences (RINS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Myeong Ok Kim
- Department of Biology and Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Sciences (RINS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
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de Paula CAD, Santiago FE, de Oliveira ASA, Oliveira FA, Almeida MC, Carrettiero DC. The Co-chaperone BAG2 Mediates Cold-Induced Accumulation of Phosphorylated Tau in SH-SY5Y Cells. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-015-0239-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Ali T, Yoon GH, Shah SA, Lee HY, Kim MO. Osmotin attenuates amyloid beta-induced memory impairment, tau phosphorylation and neurodegeneration in the mouse hippocampus. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11708. [PMID: 26118757 PMCID: PMC4484370 DOI: 10.1038/srep11708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) include amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation, neurofibrillary tangle formation, synaptic dysfunction and neuronal loss. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotection of novel osmotin, a plant protein extracted from Nicotiana tabacum that has been considered to be a homolog of mammalian adiponectin. Here, we observed that treatment with osmotin (15 μg/g, intraperitoneally, 4 hr) at 3 and 40 days post-intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ1-42 significantly ameliorated Aβ1-42-induced memory impairment in mice. These results revealed that osmotin reverses Aβ1-42 injection-induced synaptic deficits, Aβ accumulation and BACE-1 expression. Treatment with osmotin also alleviated the Aβ1-42-induced hyperphosphorylation of the tau protein at serine 413 through the regulation of the aberrant phosphorylation of p-PI3K, p-Akt (serine 473) and p-GSK3β (serine 9). Moreover, our western blots and immunohistochemical results indicated that osmotin prevented Aβ1-42-induced apoptosis and neurodegeneration in the Aβ1-42-treated mice. Furthermore, osmotin attenuated Aβ1-42-induced neurotoxicity in vitro.To our knowledge, this study is the first to investigate the neuroprotective effect of a novel osmotin against Aβ1-42-induced neurotoxicity. Our results demonstrated that this ubiquitous plant protein could potentially serve as a novel, promising, and accessible neuroprotective agent against progressive neurodegenerative diseases such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Ali
- Department of Biology and Applied Life Science (BK 21), College
of Natural Sciences, (RINS), Gyeongsang National University,
Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang Ho Yoon
- Department of Biology and Applied Life Science (BK 21), College
of Natural Sciences, (RINS), Gyeongsang National University,
Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Shahid Ali Shah
- Department of Biology and Applied Life Science (BK 21), College
of Natural Sciences, (RINS), Gyeongsang National University,
Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Lee
- Department of Biology and Applied Life Science (BK 21), College
of Natural Sciences, (RINS), Gyeongsang National University,
Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Ok Kim
- Department of Biology and Applied Life Science (BK 21), College
of Natural Sciences, (RINS), Gyeongsang National University,
Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
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Dujardin S, Colin M, Buée L. Invited review: Animal models of tauopathies and their implications for research/translation into the clinic. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2015; 41:59-80. [DOI: 10.1111/nan.12200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Dujardin
- Inserm, UMR1172 Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre; Lille France
- Faculté de Médecine; Université de Lille; France
- Memory Clinic; CHRU; Lille France
| | - Morvane Colin
- Inserm, UMR1172 Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre; Lille France
- Faculté de Médecine; Université de Lille; France
- Memory Clinic; CHRU; Lille France
| | - Luc Buée
- Inserm, UMR1172 Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre; Lille France
- Faculté de Médecine; Université de Lille; France
- Memory Clinic; CHRU; Lille France
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ERK (MAPK) does not phosphorylate tau under physiological conditions in vivo or in vitro. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 36:901-2. [PMID: 25491074 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the deposition of intracellular aggregates of hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Tau hyperphosphorylation has been attributed in part to the deregulation of kinases and phosphatases activities. Extracellular signal regulated-kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) were reported to be activated in the first stages of Alzheimer's disease and were proposed as a potential therapeutic target. However, although the phosphorylation of tau by ERK1/2 has been demonstrated in cell-free system, it remains controversial in vivo. Here, we showed that pharmacologic inhibition of ERK1/2 in mice and SH-SY5Y cells did not reduce basal levels of phospho-tau or hypothermia-induced tau hyperphosphorylation. We also found that activating ERK1/2 by hyperthermia did not correlate with increased tau phosphorylation. Finally, ERK1/2 was inhibited, but tau phosphorylation was not altered in Mek1-/- mice. In conclusion, these results do not support the involvement of ERK1/2 in tau phosphorylation under physiological conditions.
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