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Pan H, Wei Y, Zeng C, Yang G, Dong C, Wan W, Chen S. Hierarchically Assembled Nanofiber Scaffold Guides Long Bone Regeneration by Promoting Osteogenic/Chondrogenic Differentiation of Endogenous Mesenchymal Stem Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309868. [PMID: 38259052 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Critical-sized segmental long bone defects represent a challenging clinical dilemma in the management of battlefield and trauma-related injuries. The residual bone marrow cavity of damaged long bones contains many bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), which provide a substantial source of cells for bone repair. Thus, a three-dimensional (3D) vertically aligned nanofiber scaffold (VAS) is developed with long channels and large pore size. The pore of VAS toward the bone marrow cavity after transplantation, enables the scaffolds to recruit BMSCs from the bone marrow cavity to the defect area. In vivo, it is found that VAS can significantly shorten gap distance and promote new bone formation compared to the control and collagen groups after 4 and 8 weeks of implantation. The single-cell sequencing results discovered that the 3D nanotopography of VAS can promote BMSCs differentiation to chondrocytes and osteoblasts, and up-regulate related gene expression, resulting in enhancing the activities of bone regeneration, endochondral ossification, bone trabecula formation, bone mineralization, maturation, and remodeling. The Alcian blue and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) immunohistochemical staining verified significant cartilage formation and bone formation in the VAS group, corresponding to the single-cell sequencing results. The study can inspire the design of next-generation scaffolds for effective long-bone regeneration is expected by the authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Pan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325015, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Yuxuan Wei
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
- Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University. Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China
| | - Canjun Zeng
- Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University. Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China
| | - Ganghua Yang
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Chao Dong
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Wenbing Wan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Shixuan Chen
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
- Department of Wound Healing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015, China
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Dessalles CA, Leclech C, Castagnino A, Barakat AI. Integration of substrate- and flow-derived stresses in endothelial cell mechanobiology. Commun Biol 2021; 4:764. [PMID: 34155305 PMCID: PMC8217569 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02285-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) lining all blood vessels are subjected to large mechanical stresses that regulate their structure and function in health and disease. Here, we review EC responses to substrate-derived biophysical cues, namely topography, curvature, and stiffness, as well as to flow-derived stresses, notably shear stress, pressure, and tensile stresses. Because these mechanical cues in vivo are coupled and are exerted simultaneously on ECs, we also review the effects of multiple cues and describe burgeoning in vitro approaches for elucidating how ECs integrate and interpret various mechanical stimuli. We conclude by highlighting key open questions and upcoming challenges in the field of EC mechanobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire A Dessalles
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Institut polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Claire Leclech
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Institut polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Alessia Castagnino
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Institut polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Abdul I Barakat
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Institut polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France.
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3
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Cutiongco MFA, Jensen BS, Reynolds PM, Gadegaard N. Predicting gene expression using morphological cell responses to nanotopography. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1384. [PMID: 32170111 PMCID: PMC7070086 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15114-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells respond in complex ways to their environment, making it challenging to predict a direct relationship between the two. A key problem is the lack of informative representations of parameters that translate directly into biological function. Here we present a platform to relate the effects of cell morphology to gene expression induced by nanotopography. This platform utilizes the ‘morphome’, a multivariate dataset of cell morphology parameters. We create a Bayesian linear regression model that uses the morphome to robustly predict changes in bone, cartilage, muscle and fibrous gene expression induced by nanotopography. Furthermore, through this model we effectively predict nanotopography-induced gene expression from a complex co-culture microenvironment. The information from the morphome uncovers previously unknown effects of nanotopography on altering cell–cell interaction and osteogenic gene expression at the single cell level. The predictive relationship between morphology and gene expression arising from cell-material interaction shows promise for exploration of new topographies. The surface nanotopography of biomaterials direct cell behavior, but screening for desired effects is inefficient. Here, the authors introduce a platform that enables prediction of nanotopography-induced gene expression changes from changes in cell morphology, including in co-culture environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie F A Cutiongco
- Divison of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Paul M Reynolds
- Divison of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Nikolaj Gadegaard
- Divison of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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Tonazzini I, Masciullo C, Savi E, Sonato A, Romanato F, Cecchini M. Neuronal contact guidance and YAP signaling on ultra-small nanogratings. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3742. [PMID: 32111918 PMCID: PMC7048778 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60745-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Contact interaction of neuronal cells with extracellular nanometric features can be exploited to investigate and modulate cellular responses. By exploiting nanogratings (NGs) with linewidth from 500 nm down to 100 nm, we here study neurite contact guidance along ultra-small directional topographies. The impact of NG lateral dimension on the neuronal morphotype, neurite alignment, focal adhesion (FA) development and YAP activation is investigated in nerve growth factor (NGF)-differentiating PC12 cells and in primary hippocampal neurons, by confocal and live-cell total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy, and at molecular level. We demonstrate that loss of neurite guidance occurs in NGs with periodicity below 400 nm and correlates with a loss of FA lateral constriction and spatial organization. We found that YAP intracellular localization is modulated by the presence of NGs, but it is not sensitive to their periodicity. Nocodazole, a drug that can increase cell contractility, is finally tested for rescuing neurite alignment showing mild ameliorative effects. Our results provide new indications for a rational design of biocompatible scaffolds for enhancing nerve-regeneration processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Tonazzini
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa, 56127, Italy
| | - Cecilia Masciullo
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa, 56127, Italy
| | - Eleonora Savi
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa, 56127, Italy
| | - Agnese Sonato
- CNR-IOM, Area Science Park, S.S. 14, km 163.5, Basovizza, TS, Italy
| | - Filippo Romanato
- CNR-IOM, Area Science Park, S.S. 14, km 163.5, Basovizza, TS, Italy
| | - Marco Cecchini
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa, 56127, Italy.
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Tonazzini I, Van Woerden GM, Masciullo C, Mientjes EJ, Elgersma Y, Cecchini M. The role of ubiquitin ligase E3A in polarized contact guidance and rescue strategies in UBE3A-deficient hippocampal neurons. Mol Autism 2019; 10:41. [PMID: 31798818 PMCID: PMC6884852 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-019-0293-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although neuronal extracellular sensing is emerging as crucial for brain wiring and therefore plasticity, little is known about these processes in neurodevelopmental disorders. Ubiquitin protein ligase E3A (UBE3A) plays a key role in neurodevelopment. Lack of UBE3A leads to Angelman syndrome (AS), while its increase is among the most prevalent genetic causes of autism (e.g., Dup15q syndrome). By using microstructured substrates that can induce specific directional stimuli in cells, we previously found deficient topographical contact guidance in AS neurons, which was linked to a dysregulated activation of the focal adhesion pathway. Methods Here, we study axon and dendrite contact guidance and neuronal morphological features of wild-type, AS, and UBE3A-overexpressing neurons (Dup15q autism model) on micrograting substrates, with the aim to clarify the role of UBE3A in neuronal guidance. Results We found that loss of axonal contact guidance is specific for AS neurons while UBE3A overexpression does not affect neuronal directional polarization along microgratings. Deficits at the level of axonal branching, growth cone orientation and actin fiber content, focal adhesion (FA) effectors, and actin fiber-binding proteins were observed in AS neurons. We tested different rescue strategies for restoring correct topographical guidance in AS neurons on microgratings, by either UBE3A protein re-expression or by pharmacological treatments acting on cytoskeleton contractility. Nocodazole, a drug that depolymerizes microtubules and increases cell contractility, rescued AS axonal alignment to the gratings by partially restoring focal adhesion pathway activation. Surprisingly, UBE3A re-expression only resulted in partial rescue of the phenotype. Conclusions We identified a specific in vitro deficit in axonal topographical guidance due selectively to the loss of UBE3A, and we further demonstrate that this defective guidance can be rescued to a certain extent by pharmacological or genetic treatment strategies. Overall, cytoskeleton dynamics emerge as important partners in UBE3A-mediated contact guidance responses. These results support the view that UBE3A-related deficits in early neuronal morphogenesis may lead to defective neuronal connectivity and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Tonazzini
- Istituto Nanoscienze- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) & Scuola Normale Superiore, NEST, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Geeske M. Van Woerden
- Department of Neuroscience, ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cecilia Masciullo
- Istituto Nanoscienze- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) & Scuola Normale Superiore, NEST, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Edwin J. Mientjes
- Department of Neuroscience, ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ype Elgersma
- Department of Neuroscience, ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marco Cecchini
- Istituto Nanoscienze- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) & Scuola Normale Superiore, NEST, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
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Malacrida L, Hedde PN, Ranjit S, Cardarelli F, Gratton E. Visualization of barriers and obstacles to molecular diffusion in live cells by spatial pair-cross-correlation in two dimensions. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:303-321. [PMID: 29359105 PMCID: PMC5772584 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.000303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in optical super-resolution, we lack a method that can visualize the path followed by diffusing molecules in the cytoplasm or in the nucleus of cells. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) provides molecular dynamics at the single molecule level by averaging the behavior of many molecules over time at a single spot, thus achieving very good statistics but at only one point in the cell. Earlier image-based methods including raster-scan and spatiotemporal image correlation need spatial averaging over relatively large areas, thus compromising spatial resolution. Here, we use spatial pair-cross-correlation in two dimensions (2D-pCF) to obtain relatively high resolution images of molecular diffusion dynamics and transport in live cells. The 2D-pCF method measures the time for a particle to go from one location to another by cross-correlating the intensity fluctuations at specific points in an image. Hence, a visual map of the average path followed by molecules is created.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonel Malacrida
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, USA
- Área de Investigación Respiratoria, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
- LM and PNH contributed equally to this work
| | - Per Niklas Hedde
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, USA
- LM and PNH contributed equally to this work
| | - Suman Ranjit
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Francesco Cardarelli
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Enrico Gratton
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, USA
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7
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Di Rienzo C, Cardarelli F, Di Luca M, Beltram F, Gratton E. Diffusion Tensor Analysis by Two-Dimensional Pair Correlation of Fluorescence Fluctuations in Cells. Biophys J 2016; 111:841-851. [PMID: 27558727 PMCID: PMC5002073 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In a living cell, the movement of biomolecules is highly regulated by the cellular organization into subcompartments that impose barriers to diffusion, can locally break the spatial isotropy, and ultimately guide these molecules to their targets. Despite the pivotal role of these processes, experimental tools to fully probe the complex connectivity (and accessibility) of the cell interior with adequate spatiotemporal resolution are still lacking. Here, we show how the heterogeneity of molecular dynamics and the location of barriers to molecular motion can be mapped in live cells by exploiting a two-dimensional (2D) extension of the pair correlation function (pCF) analysis. Starting from a time series of images collected for the same field of view, the resulting 2D pCF is calculated in the proximity of each point for each time delay and allows us to probe the spatial distribution of the molecules that started from a given pixel. This 2D pCF yields an accurate description of the preferential diffusive routes. Furthermore, we combine this analysis with the image-derived mean-square displacement approach and gain information on the average nanoscopic molecular displacements in different directions. Through these quantities, we build a fluorescence-fluctuation-based diffusion tensor that contains information on speed and directionality of the local dynamical processes. Contrary to classical fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and related methods, this combined approach can distinguish between isotropic and anisotropic local diffusion. We argue that the measurement of this iMSD tensor will contribute to advance our understanding of the role played by the intracellular environment in the regulation of molecular diffusion at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Di Rienzo
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Piazza San Silvestro, Pisa, Italy; Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Technologia, Piazza San Silvestro, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Francesco Cardarelli
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Technologia, Piazza San Silvestro, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Di Luca
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Piazza San Silvestro, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Beltram
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Piazza San Silvestro, Pisa, Italy; Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Technologia, Piazza San Silvestro, Pisa, Italy
| | - Enrico Gratton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California.
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Cutiongco MFA, Goh SH, Aid-Launais R, Le Visage C, Low HY, Yim EKF. Planar and tubular patterning of micro and nano-topographies on poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel for improved endothelial cell responses. Biomaterials 2016; 84:184-195. [PMID: 26828683 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel (PVA) is a widely used material for biomedical devices, yet there is a need to enhance its biological functionality for in vitro and in vivo vascular application. Significance of surface topography in modulating cellular behaviour is increasingly evident. However, hydrogel patterning remains challenging. Using a casting method, planar PVA were patterned with micro-sized features. To achieve higher patterning resolution, nanoimprint lithography with high pressure and temperature was used. In vitro experiment showed enhanced human endothelial cell (EC) density and adhesion on patterned PVA. Additional chemical modification via nitrogen gas plasma on patterned PVA further improved EC density and adhesion. Only EC monolayer grown on plasma modified PVA with 2 μm gratings and 1.8 μm concave lens exhibited expression of vascular endothelial cadherin, indicating EC functionality. Patterning of the luminal surface of tubular hydrogels is not widely explored. The study presents the first method for simultaneous tubular molding and luminal surface patterning of hydrogel. PVA graft with 2 μm gratings showed patency and endothelialization, while unpatterned grafts were occluded after 20 days in rat aorta. The reproducible, high yield and high-fidelity methods enable planar and tubular patterning of PVA and other hydrogels to be used for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie F A Cutiongco
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Seok Hong Goh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | | | - Catherine Le Visage
- INSERM, U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Paris, France; INSERM, U791, Center for OstesArticular and Dental Tissue Engineering, Nantes, France
| | - Hong Yee Low
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore; Engineering Product Development Cluster, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore.
| | - Evelyn K F Yim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.
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Abstract
Synthetic small diameter vascular grafts with mechanical properties of native arteries, resistance to thrombosis and capacity to stimulate in situ endothelialization are an unmet clinical need. Poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel (PVA) is an excellent candidate as a vascular graft due to its tunable mechanical properties. However, the hydrophilicity and bio-inertness of PVA prevents endothelialization in vivo. We hypothesize that the modification of PVA with biomolecules and topographies creates a hemocompatible environment that also enhances bioactivity. PVA modified with fibronectin, RGDS peptide, cyclicRGD (cRGD) peptide, or heparin provided cell-adhesion motifs, which were confirmed by detection of nitrogen through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Protein- and peptide-modified surfaces showed a slight increase in human vascular endothelial cell proliferation over unmodified PVA. With the exception of fibronectin modification, modified surfaces showed in vitro hemocompatibility comparable with unmodified PVA. To further improve bioactivity, cRGD-PVA was combined with gratings and microlens topographies. Combined modifications of 2 μm gratings or convex topography and cRGD significantly improved human vascular endothelial cell viability on PVA. In vitro hemocompatibility testing showed that topography on cRGD-PVA did not significantly trigger an increase of platelet adhesion or activation compared with unpatterned PVA. Using the more physiologically relevant ex vivo hemocompatibility testing, all PVA grafts tested showed similar platelet adhesion to ePTFE and significantly lower platelet accumulation compared to collagen-coated ePTFE grafts. The biochemical and topographical modification of PVA demonstrates excellent hemocompatibility with enhanced bioactivity of PVA, thus highlighting its potential as a vascular graft. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE New synthetic small diameter vascular grafts with mechanical properties, blood-clot resistance and endothelial lining mimicking native arteries remains an unresolved critical clinical need. We aim to achieve this by modifying the mechanically-tunable poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel (PVA) vascular graft with both biochemical and biophysical cues in the lumenal surface. PVA modified with cyclic RGD peptide and ordered micrometer-sized topography showed low platelet adhesion in both a rabbit in vitro and baboon ex vivo blood compatibility assay. Modified PVA also exhibited significant enhancement of human vascular endothelial cell viability and proliferation in vitro. The readily available, modified PVA grafts are the first to show biophysical and biochemical modification in a three-dimensional scaffold with hemocompatibility, biofunctionality and excellent potential for clinical application.
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Tonazzini I, Jacchetti E, Meucci S, Beltram F, Cecchini M. Schwann Cell Contact Guidance versus Boundary -Interaction in Functional Wound Healing along Nano and Microstructured Membranes. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:1849-60. [PMID: 26097140 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve transection is often encountered after trauma and can lead to long-term/permanent loss of sensor/motor functionality. Here, the effect of pure contact interaction of nano/microgrooved substrates on Schwann cells (SCs) is studied in view of their possible use for nerve-repair applications. Elastomeric gratings (GRs; i.e., alternating lines of ridges and grooves) are developed with different lateral periods (1-20 μm) and depths (0.3-2.5 μm), leading to two distinct cell-material interaction regimes: contact guidance (grating period < cell body diameter) and boundary guidance (grating period ≥ cell body diameter). Here, it is shown that boundary guidance leads to the best single-cell polarization, actin organization, and single-cell directional migration. Remarkably, contact guidance is instead more effective in driving collective SC migration and improves functional wound healing. It is also demonstrated that this behavior is linked to the properties of the SC monolayers on different GRs. SCs on large-period GRs are characterized by N-Cadherin downregulation and enhanced single-cell scattering into the wound with respect to SCs on small-period GRs, indicating a less compact monolayer characterized by looser cell-cell junctions in the boundary guidance regime. The present results provide information on the impact of specific sub-micrometer topographical elements on SC functional response, which can be exploited for nerve-regeneration applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Tonazzini
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore; Piazza San Silvestro 12 Pisa 56127 Italy
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR; Piazza San Silvestro 12 Pisa 56127 Italy
- Fondazione Umberto Veronesi; Piazza Velasca 5 Milano 20122 Italy
| | - Emanuela Jacchetti
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore; Piazza San Silvestro 12 Pisa 56127 Italy
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR; Piazza San Silvestro 12 Pisa 56127 Italy
| | - Sandro Meucci
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore; Piazza San Silvestro 12 Pisa 56127 Italy
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR; Piazza San Silvestro 12 Pisa 56127 Italy
| | - Fabio Beltram
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore; Piazza San Silvestro 12 Pisa 56127 Italy
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR; Piazza San Silvestro 12 Pisa 56127 Italy
| | - Marco Cecchini
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore; Piazza San Silvestro 12 Pisa 56127 Italy
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR; Piazza San Silvestro 12 Pisa 56127 Italy
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11
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Marchetti L, Luin S, Bonsignore F, de Nadai T, Beltram F, Cattaneo A. Ligand-induced dynamics of neurotrophin receptors investigated by single-molecule imaging approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:1949-79. [PMID: 25603178 PMCID: PMC4307343 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16011949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotrophins are secreted proteins that regulate neuronal development and survival, as well as maintenance and plasticity of the adult nervous system. The biological activity of neurotrophins stems from their binding to two membrane receptor types, the tropomyosin receptor kinase and the p75 neurotrophin receptors (NRs). The intracellular signalling cascades thereby activated have been extensively investigated. Nevertheless, a comprehensive description of the ligand-induced nanoscale details of NRs dynamics and interactions spanning from the initial lateral movements triggered at the plasma membrane to the internalization and transport processes is still missing. Recent advances in high spatio-temporal resolution imaging techniques have yielded new insight on the dynamics of NRs upon ligand binding. Here we discuss requirements, potential and practical implementation of these novel approaches for the study of neurotrophin trafficking and signalling, in the framework of current knowledge available also for other ligand-receptor systems. We shall especially highlight the correlation between the receptor dynamics activated by different neurotrophins and the respective signalling outcome, as recently revealed by single-molecule tracking of NRs in living neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marchetti
- National Enterprise for nanoScience and nanoTechnology (NEST) Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa I-56127, Italy.
| | - Stefano Luin
- National Enterprise for nanoScience and nanoTechnology (NEST) Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa I-56127, Italy.
| | - Fulvio Bonsignore
- National Enterprise for nanoScience and nanoTechnology (NEST) Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa I-56127, Italy.
| | - Teresa de Nadai
- Biology Laboratory (BioSNS), Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto di Neuroscienze-CNR, via Moruzzi 1, Pisa I-56100, Italy.
| | - Fabio Beltram
- National Enterprise for nanoScience and nanoTechnology (NEST) Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa I-56127, Italy.
| | - Antonino Cattaneo
- Biology Laboratory (BioSNS), Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto di Neuroscienze-CNR, via Moruzzi 1, Pisa I-56100, Italy.
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12
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Vandrangi P, Gott SC, Kozaka R, Rodgers VGJ, Rao MP. Comparative endothelial cell response on topographically patterned titanium and silicon substrates with micrometer to sub-micrometer feature sizes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111465. [PMID: 25357245 PMCID: PMC4214724 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we evaluate the in vitro response of endothelial cells (EC) to variation in precisely-defined, micrometer to sub-micrometer scale topography on two different substrate materials, titanium (Ti) and silicon (Si). Both substrates possess identically-patterned surfaces composed of microfabricated, groove-based gratings with groove widths ranging from 0.5 to 50 µm, grating pitch twice the groove width, and groove depth of 1.3 µm. These specific materials are chosen due to their relevance for implantable microdevice applications, while grating-based patterns are chosen for the potential they afford for inducing elongated and aligned cellular morphologies reminiscent of the native endothelium. Using EA926 cells, a human EC variant, we show significant improvement in cellular adhesion, proliferation, morphology, and function with decreasing feature size on patterned Ti substrates. Moreover, we show similar trending on patterned Si substrates, albeit to a lesser extent than on comparably patterned Ti substrates. Collectively, these results suggest promise for sub-micrometer topographic patterning in general, and sub-micrometer patterning of Ti specifically, as a means for enhancing endothelialization and neovascularisation for novel implantable microdevice applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanthi Vandrangi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Shannon C. Gott
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Ryan Kozaka
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Victor G. J. Rodgers
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Masaru P. Rao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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13
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Di Rienzo C, Gratton E, Beltram F, Cardarelli F. From fast fluorescence imaging to molecular diffusion law on live cell membranes in a commercial microscope. J Vis Exp 2014:e51994. [PMID: 25350683 DOI: 10.3791/51994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
It has become increasingly evident that the spatial distribution and the motion of membrane components like lipids and proteins are key factors in the regulation of many cellular functions. However, due to the fast dynamics and the tiny structures involved, a very high spatio-temporal resolution is required to catch the real behavior of molecules. Here we present the experimental protocol for studying the dynamics of fluorescently-labeled plasma-membrane proteins and lipids in live cells with high spatiotemporal resolution. Notably, this approach doesn't need to track each molecule, but it calculates population behavior using all molecules in a given region of the membrane. The starting point is a fast imaging of a given region on the membrane. Afterwards, a complete spatio-temporal autocorrelation function is calculated correlating acquired images at increasing time delays, for example each 2, 3, n repetitions. It is possible to demonstrate that the width of the peak of the spatial autocorrelation function increases at increasing time delay as a function of particle movement due to diffusion. Therefore, fitting of the series of autocorrelation functions enables to extract the actual protein mean square displacement from imaging (iMSD), here presented in the form of apparent diffusivity vs average displacement. This yields a quantitative view of the average dynamics of single molecules with nanometer accuracy. By using a GFP-tagged variant of the Transferrin Receptor (TfR) and an ATTO488 labeled 1-palmitoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (PPE) it is possible to observe the spatiotemporal regulation of protein and lipid diffusion on µm-sized membrane regions in the micro-to-milli-second time range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Di Rienzo
- NEST Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore; Center for Nanotechnology Innovation, Instituto Italiano di Tecnologia
| | - Enrico Gratton
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine
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14
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Tonazzini I, Cecchini A, Elgersma Y, Cecchini M. Interaction of SH-SY5Y cells with nanogratings during neuronal differentiation: comparison with primary neurons. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:581-7. [PMID: 24115396 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201300216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Controlling neuronal cell adhesion, migration, and axonal outgrowth via contact interactions with biomaterials is a critical element for tissue engineering applications and for developing artificial neuronal interfaces. One promising approach relies on the exploitation of nanostructured surfaces. Here, the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y is interfaced with plastic nanogratings (NGs; anisotropic topographies composed by alternating lines of grooves and ridges with sub-micrometer lateral dimension). The SH-SY5Y cells' (SHs) contact guidance is investigated under proliferating conditions and upon differentiation after treatment with retinoic acid (RA) and brain-derived neurotrophin factor (BDNF), and compared with mouse primary hippocampal neurons (HNs). Quantitative readouts are obtained by measuring changes in tubulin cytoskeleton organization and cell morphology induced by mechanotransduction. Results demonstrate that SHs effectively retrieve substrate topographical signals, in particular during differentiation. Remarkably, RA/BDNF improves SH responsiveness to NG directional cues, and significantly enhances the alignment to the NG lines. HNs behave similarly, showing a marked change in network organization if cultured on NGs. These results might help the rational engineering of neuro-regenerative scaffolds to improve peripheral nerve wound healing, as well as to investigate the basic mechanisms of neuronal wiring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Tonazzini
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR; Piazza San Silvestro 12 56127 Pisa Italy
| | - Alessandra Cecchini
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR; Piazza San Silvestro 12 56127 Pisa Italy
| | - Ype Elgersma
- Department of Neuroscience; Erasmus MC 3015 GE Rotterdam the Netherlands
| | - Marco Cecchini
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR; Piazza San Silvestro 12 56127 Pisa Italy
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15
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Tonazzini I, Pellegrini M, Pellegrino M, Cecchini M. Interaction of leech neurons with topographical gratings: comparison with rodent and human neuronal lines and primary cells. Interface Focus 2014; 4:20130047. [PMID: 24501675 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2013.0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlling and improving neuronal cell migration and neurite outgrowth are critical elements of tissue engineering applications and development of artificial neuronal interfaces. To this end, a promising approach exploits nano/microstructured surfaces, which have been demonstrated to be capable of tuning neuronal differentiation, polarity, migration and neurite orientation. Here, we investigate the neurite contact guidance of leech neurons on plastic gratings (GRs; anisotropic topographies composed of alternating lines of grooves and ridges). By high-resolution microscopy, we quantitatively evaluate the changes in tubulin cytoskeleton organization and cell morphology and in the neurite and growth cone development. The topography-reading process of leech neurons on GRs is mediated by filopodia and is more responsive to 4-µm-period GRs than to smaller period GRs. Leech neuron behaviour on GRs is finally compared and validated with several other neuronal cells, from murine differentiated embryonic stem cells and primary hippocampal neurons to differentiated human neuroblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Tonazzini
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR , Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa 56127 , Italy
| | - Monica Pellegrini
- Scuola Normale Superiore , Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, Pisa 56126 , Italy
| | - Mario Pellegrino
- Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale e Delle Nuove Tecnologie in Medicina e Chirurgia , Università di Pisa , Via S. Zeno 31, 56127 Pisa , Italy
| | - Marco Cecchini
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR , Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa 56127 , Italy
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16
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Jacchetti E, Di Rienzo C, Meucci S, Nocchi F, Beltram F, Cecchini M. Wharton's Jelly human mesenchymal stem cell contact guidance by noisy nanotopographies. Sci Rep 2014; 4:3830. [PMID: 24452119 PMCID: PMC3899631 DOI: 10.1038/srep03830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of biomaterials ensuring proper cell adhesion, polarization, migration and differentiation represents a true enabler for successful tissue-engineering applications. Surface nanostructuring was suggested as a promising method for improving cell-substrate interaction. Here, we study Wharton's Jelly human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (WJ-hMSC) interacting with nanogratings (NGs) having a controlled amount of nanotopographical noise (nTN). Our data demonstrate that unperturbed NGs induce cell polarization, alignment and migration along NG lines. The introduction of nTN dramatically modifies this behavior and leads to a marked loss of cell polarization and directional migration, even at low noise levels. High-resolution focal adhesions (FAs) imaging showed that this behavior is caused by the release of the geometrical vinculum imposed by the NGs to FA shaping and maturation. We argue that highly anisotropic nanopatterned scaffolds can be successfully exploited to drive stem cell migration in regenerative medicine protocols and discuss the impact of scaffold alterations or wear.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Jacchetti
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - C. Di Rienzo
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S. Meucci
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - F. Nocchi
- Immunohematology and Transplant Biology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Cisanello Hospital Via Paradiso 2, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - F. Beltram
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M. Cecchini
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
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17
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Tonazzini I, Meucci S, Faraci P, Beltram F, Cecchini M. Neuronal differentiation on anisotropic substrates and the influence of nanotopographical noise on neurite contact guidance. Biomaterials 2013; 34:6027-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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18
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Imaging intracellular viscosity by a new molecular rotor suitable for phasor analysis of fluorescence lifetime. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:6223-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7084-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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