1
|
Xu Q, Chen H, Sun W, Zhang Y, Zhu D, Rai KR, Chen JL, Chen Y. sRNA23, a novel small RNA, regulates to the pathogenesis of Streptococcus suis serotype 2. Virulence 2021; 12:3045-3061. [PMID: 34882070 PMCID: PMC8667912 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.2008177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
ABBREVIATION sRNA: small noncoding RNA; FBA: fructose diphosphate aldolase; rplB: 50S ribosomal protein L2; RACE: rapid amplification of cDNA ends; EMSA: electrophoretic mobility shift assay; THB: Todd-Hewitt broth; FBS: fetal bovine serum; BIP: 2,2'-Bipyridine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quanming Xu
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Fujian- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Fujian- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wen Sun
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Fujian- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yongyi Zhang
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Fujian- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dewen Zhu
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Fujian- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kul Raj Rai
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Fujian- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ji-Long Chen
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Fujian- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Fujian- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ni H, Li M, Wang Q, Wang J, Liu X, Zheng F, Hu D, Yu X, Han Y, Zhang Q, Zhou T, Wang Y, Wang C, Gao J, Shao ZQ, Pan X. Inactivation of the htpsA gene affects capsule development and pathogenicity of Streptococcus suis. Virulence 2020; 11:927-940. [PMID: 32815473 PMCID: PMC7567435 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2020.1792080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (S. suis 2) is an important swine pathogen and also an emerging zoonotic agent. HtpsA has been reported as an immunogenic cell surface protein on the bacterium. In the present study, we constructed an isogenic mutant strain of htpsA, namely ΔhtpsA, to study its role in the development and virulence of S. suis 2. Our results showed that the mutant strain lost its typical encapsulated structure with decreased concentrations of sialic acid. Furthermore, the survival rate in whole blood, the anti-phagocytosis by RAW264.7 murine macrophage, and the adherence ability to HEp-2 cells were all significantly affected in the ΔhtpsA. In addition, the deletion of htpsA sharply attenuated the virulence of S. suis 2 in an infection model of mouse. RNA-seq analysis revealed that 126 genes were differentially expressed between the ΔhtpsA and the wild-type strains, including 28 upregulated and 98 downregulated genes. Among the downregulated genes, many were involved in carbohydrate metabolism and synthesis of virulence-associated factors. Taken together, htpsA was demonstrated to play a role in the morphological development and pathogenesis of the highly virulent S. suis 2 05ZYH33 strain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Ni
- Department of Microbiology, Hua Dong Research Institute for Medicine and Biotechnics , Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecology of Pamirs Plateau in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, College of Life and Geographic Sciences, Kashi University , Kashi, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Microbiology, Hua Dong Research Institute for Medicine and Biotechnics , Nanjing, China.,Clinical Laboratory Department of Changzhi, People's Hospital , Changzhi, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Hua Dong Research Institute for Medicine and Biotechnics , Nanjing, China.,School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Wuxi, China
| | - Xumiao Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Hua Dong Research Institute for Medicine and Biotechnics , Nanjing, China.,School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Zheng
- Department of Microbiology, Hua Dong Research Institute for Medicine and Biotechnics , Nanjing, China
| | - Dan Hu
- Department of Microbiology, Hua Dong Research Institute for Medicine and Biotechnics , Nanjing, China
| | - Xu Yu
- Department of Microbiology, Hua Dong Research Institute for Medicine and Biotechnics , Nanjing, China
| | - Yifang Han
- Department of Microbiology, Hua Dong Research Institute for Medicine and Biotechnics , Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Hua Dong Research Institute for Medicine and Biotechnics , Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Hua Dong Research Institute for Medicine and Biotechnics , Nanjing, China
| | - Yiwen Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Hua Dong Research Institute for Medicine and Biotechnics , Nanjing, China
| | - Chunhui Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Hua Dong Research Institute for Medicine and Biotechnics , Nanjing, China
| | - Jimin Gao
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhu-Qing Shao
- Department of Microbiology, Hua Dong Research Institute for Medicine and Biotechnics , Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University , Nanjing, China
| | - Xiuzhen Pan
- Department of Microbiology, Hua Dong Research Institute for Medicine and Biotechnics , Nanjing, China.,School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
A novel small RNA contributes to restrain cellular chain length and anti-phagocytic ability in Streptococcus suis 2. Microb Pathog 2019; 137:103730. [PMID: 31499182 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2) is an important porcine and human pathogen. Regulatory small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs) play an essential role in diverse physiological processes, although they remain poorly understood in SS2. In this study, we identified eight novel sRNAs through a combination of computational strategies and experimental identification. To explore roles of these novel sRNAs, sRNA34 was preferentially selected to assess phenotypes of the deletion strain in vitro and in vivo. The inactivation of sRNA34 significantly elongated the cellular chain, remarkably increased sensitivity to phagocytosis by RAW264.7, and attenuated virulence in a mouse infection model. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that inactivation of sRNA34 altered expression of multiple genes contributing to cellular chain formation and elongation, indicating a potential mechanism of sRNA34 in maintaining proper bacterial chain length to resist phagocytosis by the host cell. In summary, sRNA34 is a novel sRNA that contributes to cellular chain regulation and the anti-phagocytosis ability of SS2.
Collapse
|
4
|
The Two-Component Signaling System VraSR ss Is Critical for Multidrug Resistance and Full Virulence in Streptococcus suis Serotype 2. Infect Immun 2018; 86:IAI.00096-18. [PMID: 29685990 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00096-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis has received increasing attention for its involvement in severe human infections worldwide as well as in multidrug resistance. Two-component signaling systems (TCSSs) play important roles in bacterial adaptation to various environmental stimuli. In this study, we identified a novel TCSS located in S. suis serotype 2 (SS2), designated VraSRSS, which is involved in bacterial pathogenicity and susceptibility to antimicrobials. Our data demonstrated that the yvqFSS gene, located upstream of vraSRSS , shared the same promoter with the TCSS genes, which was directly regulated by VraSRSS, as shown in electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Notably, YvqFSS and VraSRSS constitute a novel multidrug resistance module of SS2 that participates in resistance to certain groups of antimicrobials. Further analyses showed that VraSRSS inactivation significantly attenuated bacterial virulence in animal models, which, coupled with the significant activation of VraSRSS expression observed in host blood, strongly suggested that VraSRSS is an important regulator of SS2 pathogenicity. Indeed, RNA-sequencing analyses identified 106 genes that were differentially expressed between the wild-type and ΔvraSRSS strains, including genes involved in capsular polysaccharide (CPS) biosynthesis. Subsequent studies confirmed that VraSRSS indirectly regulated the transcription of CPS gene clusters and, thus, controlled the CPS thickness shown by transmission electron microscopy. Decreased CPS biosynthesis caused by vraSRSS deletion subsequently increased bacterial adhesion to epithelial cells and attenuated antiphagocytosis against macrophages, which partially clarified the pathogenic mechanism mediated by VraSRSS Taken together, our data suggest that the novel TCSS, VraSRSS, plays critical roles for multidrug resistance and full virulence in SS2.
Collapse
|
5
|
Ding H, Zeng Q, Zhou L, Yu Y, Chen B. Biochemical and Structural Insights into a Novel Thermostable β-1,3-Galactosidase from Marinomonas sp. BSi20414. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15010013. [PMID: 28075353 PMCID: PMC5295233 DOI: 10.3390/md15010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel β-1,3-galactosidase, designated as MaBGA (β-galactosidase from Marinomonas sp. BSi20414), was successfully purified to homogeneity from Marinomonas sp. BSi20414 isolated from Arctic sea ice by ammonium sulfate precipitation and anion exchange chromatography, resulting in an 8.12-fold increase in specific activity and 9.9% recovery in total activity. MaBGA displayed its maximum activity at pH 6.0 and 60 °C, and maintained at least 90% of its initial activity over the pH range of 5.0-8.0 after incubating for 1 h. It also exhibited considerable thermal stability, which retained 76% of its initial activity after incubating at 50 °C for 6 h. In contrast to other β-galactosidases, MaBGA displayed strict substrate specificity, not only for the glycosyl group, but also for the linkage type. To better understand the structure-function relationship, the encoding gene of MaBGA was obtained and subject to bioinformatics analysis. Multiple alignments and phylogenetic analysis revealed that MaBGA belonged to the glycoside hydrolase family 42 and had closer genetic relationships with thermophilic β-galactosidases of extremophiles. With the aid of homology modeling and molecular docking, we proposed a reasonable explanation for the linkage selectivity of MaBGA from a structural perspective. On account of the robust stability and 1,3-linkage selectivity, MaBGA would be a promising candidate in the biosynthesis of galacto-oligosaccharide with β1-3 linkage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Ding
- SOA Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200136, China.
| | - Qian Zeng
- SOA Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200136, China.
| | - Lili Zhou
- SOA Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200136, China.
| | - Yong Yu
- SOA Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200136, China.
| | - Bo Chen
- SOA Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200136, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang H, Ravcheev DA, Hu D, Zhang F, Gong X, Hao L, Cao M, Rodionov DA, Wang C, Feng Y. Two novel regulators of N-acetyl-galactosamine utilization pathway and distinct roles in bacterial infections. Microbiologyopen 2015; 4:983-1000. [PMID: 26540018 PMCID: PMC4694137 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial pathogens can exploit metabolic pathways to facilitate their successful infection cycles, but little is known about roles of d‐galactosamine (GalN)/N‐acetyl‐d‐galactosamine (GalNAc) catabolism pathway in bacterial pathogenesis. Here, we report the genomic reconstruction of GalN/GalNAc utilization pathway in Streptococci and the diversified aga regulons. We delineated two new paralogous AgaR regulators for the GalN/GalNAc catabolism pathway. The electrophoretic mobility shift assays experiment demonstrated that AgaR2 (AgaR1) binds the predicted palindromes, and the combined in vivo data from reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and RNA‐seq suggested that AgaR2 (not AgaR1) can effectively repress the transcription of the target genes. Removal of agaR2 (not agaR1) from Streptococcus suis 05ZYH33 augments significantly the abilities of both adherence to Hep‐2 cells and anti‐phagocytosis against RAW264.7 macrophage. As anticipated, the dysfunction in AgaR2‐mediated regulation of S. suis impairs its pathogenicity in experimental models of both mice and piglets. Our finding discovered two novel regulators specific for GalN/GalNAc catabolism and assigned them distinct roles into bacterial infections. To the best of our knowledge, it might represent a first paradigm that links the GalN/GalNAc catabolism pathway to bacterial pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Zhang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Dmitry A Ravcheev
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, L-4360, Luxembourg
| | - Dan Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, Research Institute for Medicine of Nanjing Command, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Fengyu Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Research Institute for Medicine of Nanjing Command, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Xiufang Gong
- Department of Epidemiology, Research Institute for Medicine of Nanjing Command, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Lina Hao
- Department of Epidemiology, Research Institute for Medicine of Nanjing Command, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Min Cao
- Department of Epidemiology, Research Institute for Medicine of Nanjing Command, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Dmitry A Rodionov
- A.A. Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 127994, Russia
| | - Changjun Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Research Institute for Medicine of Nanjing Command, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Youjun Feng
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Isolation and characterization of a native avirulent strain of Streptococcus suis serotype 2: a perspective for vaccine development. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9835. [PMID: 25891917 PMCID: PMC4402706 DOI: 10.1038/srep09835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis, an emerging infectious pathogen, is the cause of two large-scale outbreaks of human streptococcal toxic shock syndrome in China, and has attracted much attention from the scientific community. The genetic basis of its pathogenesis remains enigmatic, and no effective prevention measures have been established. To better understand the virulence differentiation of S. suis and develop a promising vaccine, we isolated and sequenced a native avirulent S. suis strain (05HAS68). Animal experiments revealed that 05HAS68 is an avirulent strain and could protect piglets from the attack of virulent strains. Comparative genomics analyses demonstrated the genetic basis for the lack of virulence in 05HAS68, which is characterized by the absence of some important virulence-associated factors and the intact 89K pathogenicity island. Lack of virulence was also illustrated by reduced survival of 05HAS68 compared to a virulent strain in pig whole blood. Further investigations revealed a large-scale genomic rearrangement in 05HAS68, which was proposed to be mediated by transposase genes and/or prophages. This genomic rearrangement may have caused the genomic diversity of S. suis, and resulted in biological discrepancies between 05HAS68 and highly virulent S. suis strains.
Collapse
|
8
|
Bidart GN, Rodríguez-Díaz J, Monedero V, Yebra MJ. A unique gene cluster for the utilization of the mucosal and human milk-associated glycans galacto-N-biose and lacto-N-biose in Lactobacillus casei. Mol Microbiol 2014; 93:521-38. [PMID: 24942885 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.12678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The probiotic Lactobacillus casei catabolizes galacto-N-biose (GNB) and lacto-N-biose (LNB) by using a transport system and metabolic routes different from those of Bifidobacterium. L. casei contains a gene cluster, gnbREFGBCDA, involved in the metabolism of GNB, LNB and also N-acetylgalactosamine. Inactivation of gnbC (EIIC) or ptsI (Enzyme I) of the phosphoenolpyruvate : sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS) prevented the growth on those three carbohydrates, indicating that they are transported and phosphorylated by the same PTS(Gnb) . Enzyme activities and growth analysis with knockout mutants showed that GnbG (phospho-β-galactosidase) hydrolyses both disaccharides. However, GnbF (N-acetylgalactosamine-6P deacetylase) and GnbE (galactosamine-6P isomerase/deaminase) are involved in GNB but not in LNB fermentation. The utilization of LNB depends on nagA (N-acetylglucosamine-6P deacetylase), showing that the N-acetylhexosamine moieties of GNB and LNB follow different catabolic routes. A lacAB mutant (galactose-6P isomerase) was impaired in GNB and LNB utilization, indicating that their galactose moiety is channelled through the tagatose-6P pathway. Transcriptional analysis showed that the gnb operon is regulated by substrate-specific induction mediated by the transcriptional repressor GnbR, which binds to a 26 bp DNA region containing inverted repeats exhibiting a 2T/2A conserved core. The data represent the first characterization of novel metabolic pathways for human milk oligosaccharides and glycoconjugate structures in Firmicutes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo N Bidart
- Laboratorio de Bacterias Lácticas y Probióticos, Departamento de Biotecnología de Alimentos, IATA-CSIC, Valencia, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas 'Dr. Rodolfo A. Ugalde', Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|