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Liu X, Su X, Ren Z, Yang L, Zhang X, Ding M. Er 3+/Tm 3+ co-activated core@shell nanoarchitectures: tunable upconversion luminescence and high-security anti-counterfeiting. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 305:123519. [PMID: 37871526 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Currently, developing advanced optoelectronic materials is of great importance to solving serious problem of fake and shoddy products. Lanthanide-doped nanomaterials are particularly suitable for addressing this issue, but limited by the realization of multiple upconverison (UC) emissions upon a single-wavelength laser excitation. Herein, it is proven that the co-dopant of blue/near-infrared (NIR)-emitting activators (Tm3+) and green/red-emitting centers (Er3+) in a particular designed core-shell nanoarchitecture allows the achievement of multiple luminescence over wide spectral region for optical security. In our study, cubic-phased NaYbF4:Tm/Er@CaF2 nanocrystals have been successfully synthesized through a layer-by-layer coprecipitation strategy, which presents visible multicolor UC luminescence and invisible NIR UC emission upon 980 nm laser excitation by just regulating the laser power and temperature. Significantly, the unique luminescent characteristics enables the designed UC nanoparticles a promising candidate for advanced anti-counterfeiting. This works offers a reference to develop advanced optoelectronic materials for practical application in optical security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Liu
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaojia Su
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhuohang Ren
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lingqiu Yang
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingye Ding
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China.
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2
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Zheng W, He A, Ma H, Chen J, Jing B, Li Y, Yu X, Cao C, Sun B. Anomalous thermal activation of green upconversion luminescence in Yb/Er/ZnGdO self-assembled microflowers for high-sensitivity temperature detection. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:227-237. [PMID: 37905671 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01360j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Non-contact optical temperature detection has shown a great promise in biological systems and microfluidics because of its outstanding spatial resolution, superior accuracy, and non-invasive nature. However, the thermal quenching of photoluminescence significantly hinders the practical applications of optical temperature probes. Herein, we report thermally enhanced green upconversion luminescence in Yb/Er/ZnGdO microflowers by a defect-assisted thermal distribution mechanism. A 1.6-fold enhancement in green emission was demonstrated as the temperature increased from 298 K to 558 K. Experimental results and dynamic analysis demonstrated that this behavior of thermally activating green upconversion luminescence originates from the emission loss compensation, which is attributed to thermally-induced energy transfer from defect levels to the green emitting level. In addition, the Yb/Er/ZnGdO microflowers can act as self-referenced radiometric optical thermometers. The ultrahigh absolute sensitivity of 1.61% K-1 and an excellent relative sensitivity of 15.5% K-1 based on the 4F9/2/2H11/2(2) level pair were synchronously achieved at room temperature. These findings provide a novel strategy for surmounting the thermal quenching luminescence, thereby greatly promoting the application of non-contact sensitive radiometric thermometers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Physics and Chemistry, Shaanxi Applied Physics and Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Aifeng He
- Key Laboratory of Applied Physics and Chemistry, Shaanxi Applied Physics and Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Hong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Applied Physics and Chemistry, Shaanxi Applied Physics and Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Physics and Chemistry, Shaanxi Applied Physics and Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Bo Jing
- Key Laboratory of Applied Physics and Chemistry, Shaanxi Applied Physics and Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Physics and Chemistry, Shaanxi Applied Physics and Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xiaogang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Physics and Chemistry, Shaanxi Applied Physics and Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Chunqiang Cao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Physics and Chemistry, Shaanxi Applied Physics and Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Baoyu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Applied Physics and Chemistry, Shaanxi Applied Physics and Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, 710061, China
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
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3
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Mančić L, Almeida LA, Machado TM, Gil-Londoño J, Dinić I, Tomić M, Marković S, Jardim P, Marinkovic BA. Tetracycline Removal through the Synergy of Catalysis and Photocatalysis by Novel NaYF 4:Yb,Tm@TiO 2-Acetylacetone Hybrid Core-Shell Structures. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119441. [PMID: 37298390 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel hybrid core-shell structures, in which up-converting (UC) NaYF4:Yb,Tm core converts near-infrared (NIR) to visible (Vis) light via multiphoton up-conversion processes, while anatase TiO2-acetylacetonate (TiO2-Acac) shell ensures absorption of the Vis light through direct injection of excited electrons from the highest-occupied-molecular-orbital (HOMO) of Acac into the TiO2 conduction band (CB), were successfully synthesized by a two-step wet chemical route. Synthesized NaYF4:Yb,Tm@TiO2-Acac powders were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, diffuse-reflectance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and photoluminescence emission measurement. Tetracycline, as a model drug, was used to investigate the photocatalytic efficiencies of the core-shell structures under irradiation of reduced power Vis and NIR spectra. It was shown that the removal of tetracycline is accompanied by the formation of intermediates, which formed immediately after bringing the drug into contact with the novel hybrid core-shell structures. As a result, ~80% of tetracycline is removed from the solution after 6 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidija Mančić
- Institute of Technical Sciences of SASA, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lucas A Almeida
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro 22453-900, Brazil
| | - Tamires M Machado
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro 22453-900, Brazil
| | - Jessica Gil-Londoño
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro 22453-900, Brazil
| | - Ivana Dinić
- Institute of Technical Sciences of SASA, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miloš Tomić
- Institute of Technical Sciences of SASA, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Smilja Marković
- Institute of Technical Sciences of SASA, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Paula Jardim
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-853, Brazil
| | - Bojan A Marinkovic
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro 22453-900, Brazil
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Dwivedi A, Srivastava M, Srivastava A, Kumar R, Srivastava SK. Enhance photoluminescence properties of Ca-Eu:Y 2O 3@SiO 2 core-shell nanomaterial for the advanced forensic and LEDs applications. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 299:122782. [PMID: 37209471 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The divalent (Ca2+)-doped Eu:Y2O3@SiO2 core-shell luminescent nanophosphors have been synthesised by a cost-effective combustion technique. Various characterizations were carried out to confirm the successful formation of the core-shell structure. The TEM micrograph reveals the thickness of the SiO2 coating over Ca-Eu:Y2O3 as ∼25 nm. The optimal value of silica coating over the phosphor has been obtained as 10 vol%(TEOS) of SiO2, with this value increasing fluorescence intensity by 34 %. Phosphor exhibits CIE coordinates as x = 0.425, y = 0.569 and a CCT value as ∼2115 K with color purity and the respective CRI of 80 % and 98 %, respectively, which make the core-shell nanophosphor suitable for warm LEDs, and other optoelectronic applications. Further, the core-shell nanophosphor has been investigated for the visualisation of latent finger prints and as security ink. The findings point towards the prospective future application of nanophosphor materials for anti-counterfeiting purposes and latent finger prints for forensic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Dwivedi
- Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Monika Srivastava
- School of Materials Science and Technology, IIT (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Amit Srivastava
- Department of Physics TDPG College, VBS Purvanchal University, Jaunpur 222001, India
| | - Rajneesh Kumar
- Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Srivastava
- Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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Centimeter-Scale Curing Depths in Laser-Assisted 3D Printing of Photopolymers Enabled by Er3+ Upconversion and Green Light-Absorbing Photosensitizer. PHOTONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics9070498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Photopolymer resins used in stereolithographic 3D printing are limited to penetration depths of less than 1 mm. Our approach explores the use of near-infrared (NIR) to visible upconversion (UC) emissions from lanthanide-based phosphors to initiate photopolymer crosslinking at a much higher depth. This concept relies on the use of invisibility windows and non-linear optical effects to achieve selective crosslinking in photopolymers. SLA resin formulation capable of absorbing light in the visible region (420–550 nm) was developed, in order to take advantage of efficient green-UC of Er3+/Yb3+ doped phosphor. NIR-green light UC shows versatility in enhancing curing depths in laser patterning. For instance, a structure with a curing depth of 11 ± 0.2 mm, cured width of 496 ± 5 µm and aspect ratios of over 22.2:1 in a single pass via NIR-green light UC. The penetration depth of the reported formulation approached 39 mm. Therefore, this technique would allow curing depths of up to 4 cm. Moreover, it was also demonstrated that this technique can initiate cross-linking directly at the focal point. This shows the potential of NIR-assisted UC as a low-cost method for direct laser writing in volume and 3D printing.
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6
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Ray SK, Joshi B, Hur J. White-light emission in Yb 3+/Er 3+/Tm 3+- and Yb 3+/Er 3+/Tm 3+/Ho 3+-doped α-NiMoO 4nanoparticles. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:395705. [PMID: 35640433 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac74cd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Yb3+/Er3+/Tm3+- and Yb3+/Er3+/Tm3+/Ho3+-dopedα-NiMoO4nanoparticles were synthesized using a microwave hydrothermal method and studied for white-light emission under 980 nm laser diode excitation. White upconversion (UC) light was successfully obtained with the appropriate control of blue, green, and red emissions by successfully tuning the Er3+and Ho3+concentrations in Yb3+/Er3+/Tm3+- and Yb3+/Er3+/Tm3+/Ho3+-dopedα-NiMoO4, respectively. In addition, the white color emission was shown by the CIE chromaticity coordinates of samples. The energy transfer mechanisms are explained in detail based on the emission spectra and pump power density-dependent UC luminescence intensity in rare earth (Yb3+/Er3+/Tm3+and Yb3+/Er3+/Tm3+/Ho3+)-dopedα-NiMoO4nanoparticles. The results indicate that Yb3+/Er3+/Tm3+- and Yb3+/Er3+/Tm3+/Ho3+-dopedα-NiMoO4nanoparticles can be good candidates for white-light devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Schindra Kumar Ray
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Bhupendra Joshi
- Department of Fusion Science and Technology, Sun moon University, Tangjeong Myeon, 31460, Asan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
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7
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Wu Y, Zhang Z, Chen X, Wei H, Cao B. Enhancement of up-conversion luminescence through doping Ce3+ ions in YbxEr2−xTi2O7 thin films. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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The low-temperature sonochemical synthesis of up-converting β NaYF4:Yb,Er mesocrystals. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2021.103403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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10
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Yamini S, Gunaseelan M, Gangadharan A, Lopez SA, Martirosyan KS, Girigoswami A, Roy B, Manonmani J, Jayaraman S. Upconversion, MRI imaging and optical trapping studies of silver nanoparticle decorated multifunctional NaGdF4:Yb,Er nanocomposite. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 33. [PMID: 34753112 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac37e4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The multifunctional upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are fascinating tool for biological applications. In the present work, photon upconverting NaGdF4:Yb,Er and Ag nanoparticles decorated NaGdF4:Yb,Er (NaGdF4:Yb,Er@Ag) nanoparticles were prepared using a simple polyol process. Rietveld refinement was performed for detailed crystal structural and phase fraction analysis. The morphology of the NaGdF4:Yb,Er@Ag was examined using high-resolution transmission electron microscope, which reveals silver nanoparticles of 8 nm in size were decorated over spherical shaped NaGdF4:Yb,Er nanoparticles with a mean particle size of 90 nm. The chemical compositions were confirmed by EDAX and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry analyses. The upconversion luminescence (UCL) of NaGdF4:Yb,Er at 980 nm excitation showed an intense red emission. After incorporating the silver nanoparticles, the UCL intensity decreased due to weak scattering and surface plasmon resonance effect. The VSM magnetic measurement indicates both the UCNPs possess paramagnetic behaviour. The NaGdF4:Yb,Er@Ag showed computed tomography imaging. Magnetic resonance imaging study exhibited better T1 weighted relaxivity in the NaGdF4:Yb,Er than the commercial Gd-DOTA. For the first time, the optical trapping was successfully demonstrated for the upconversion NaGdF4:Yb,Er nanoparticle at near-infrared 980 nm light using an optical tweezer setup. The optically trapped UCNP possessing paramagnetic property exhibited a good optical trapping stiffness. The UCL of trapped single UCNP is recorded to explore the effect of the silver nanoparticles. The multifunctional properties for the NaGdF4:Yb,Er@Ag nanoparticle are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yamini
- Department of Nuclear Physics, University of Madras, Chennai 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Gunaseelan
- Department of Nuclear Physics, University of Madras, Chennai 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ajithkumar Gangadharan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, United States of America
- Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Silverio A Lopez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1201 W University Blvd, Brownsville, TX, 78520, United States of America
| | - Karen S Martirosyan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1201 W University Blvd, Brownsville, TX, 78520, United States of America
| | - Agnishwar Girigoswami
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research & Education, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Basudev Roy
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - J Manonmani
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-E-Millath Government College for Women (Autonomous), Chennai 600 002, Tamil Nadu, India
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Jiang Y, Meng W, Wu L, Shao K, Wang L, Ding M, Shi J, Kong X. Image-Guided TME-Improving Nano-Platform for Ca 2+ Signal Disturbance and Enhanced Tumor PDT. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100789. [PMID: 34165254 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunction of the calcium balancing system and disruption of calcium distribution can induce abnormal intracellular calcium overload, further causing serious damage and even cell death, which provides a potential therapeutic approach for tumor treatment. Herein, a nano-platform, which includes UCNPs-Ce6@RuR@mSiO2 @PL-HA NPs (UCRSPH) and SA-CaO2 nanoparticles, is prepared for improving the tumor micro-environment (TME), Ca2+ signal disturbance as well as enhanced photodynamic tumor therapy (PDT). UCRSPH combined with SA-CaO2 can alter TME and relieve hypoxia of the tumor to realize self-reinforcing PDT under near-IR irradiation (980 nm). The ruthenium red (RuR) in the UCRSPH NPs can be released to the cytoplasm after endocytosis of the nanoparticles, target Ca2+ channel proteins on the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ -ATPase (SERCA), and mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU). The combined participation of nanoparticles and RuR promotes Ca2+ imbalance and cytoplasmic calcium overload with the assistance of CaO2 , and provides tumor cells higher sensitivity to PDT. Furthermore, the nano-platform also provides fluorescence imaging and calcification computed tomography imaging for in vivo treatment guidance. In conclusion, this image-guided nano-platform show potential for highly specific, efficient combined therapy against tumor cells with minimal side-effects to normal cells by integrating TME improvement, self-reinforcing PDT, and Ca2+ signal disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Qingdao Agricultural University 700 Changcheng Road Qingdao 266109 China
| | - Wei Meng
- Second Internal Medicine Department Zaozhuang Yicheng People's Hospital 121 Chengshui Road Zaozhuang 277300 China
| | - Lijuan Wu
- College of Medicine and Pharmacy Ocean University of China 5 Yushan Road Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Kai Shao
- Department of Central Laboratory Qilu Hospital (Qingdao) Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University 758 Hefei Road Qingdao 266035 China
| | - Lili Wang
- College of Science and Information Qingdao Agricultural University 700 Changcheng Road Qingdao 266109 China
| | - Mengchao Ding
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Qingdao Agricultural University 700 Changcheng Road Qingdao 266109 China
| | - Jinsheng Shi
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Qingdao Agricultural University 700 Changcheng Road Qingdao 266109 China
| | - Xiaoying Kong
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Qingdao Agricultural University 700 Changcheng Road Qingdao 266109 China
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Ma J, Zhu W, Lei L, Deng D, Hua Y, Yang YM, Xu S, Prasad PN. Highly Efficient NaGdF 4:Ce/Tb Nanoscintillator with Reduced Afterglow and Light Scattering for High-Resolution X-ray Imaging. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:44596-44603. [PMID: 34516086 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Scintillation-based X-ray excited optical luminescence (XEOL) imaging shows great potential applications in the fields of industrial security inspection and medical diagnosis. It is still a great challenge to achieve scintillators simultaneously with low toxicity, high stability, strong XEOL intensity, and weak afterglow as well as simple device processibility with weak light scattering. Herein, we introduce ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA)-capped NaGdF4:10Ce/18Tb nanoparticles (NPs) as a highly sensitive nanoscintillator, which meets all of the abovementioned challenges. These NPs show comparable XEOL intensity to the commercial CsI (Tl) single crystal in the green region. We propose a mechanism that involves a new electron-captured path by Ce3+ ions and the promotion of energy migration from a trap center to surface quenchers via a Gd3+ sublattice, which greatly reduces the population in traps to produce significant reduction of afterglow. Moreover, by employing an ultrathin transparent NaGdF4:10Ce/18Tb film (0.045 mm) as a nanoscintillator screen for XEOL imaging, a high spatial resolution of 18.6 lp mm-1 is realized owing to the greatly limited optical scattering, which is superior to the commercial CsI (TI) scintillator and most reported lead halide perovskites. We demonstrate that doping Ce3+ ions can greatly limit X-ray-activated afterglow, enabling to use an ultrathin transparent fluoride NP-based nanoscintillator screen for high-quality XEOL imaging of various objects such as an electronics chip and biological tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjing Ma
- College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhu
- College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Lei Lei
- College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Degang Deng
- College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Youjie Hua
- College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Yang Michael Yang
- College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Shiqing Xu
- College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Paras N Prasad
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics and Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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13
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Khattab TA, Tolba E, Gaffer H, Kamel S. Development of Electrospun Nanofibrous-Walled Tubes for Potential Production of Photoluminescent Endoscopes. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c01519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tawfik A. Khattab
- Dyeing, Printing and Auxiliaries Department, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Emad Tolba
- Polymers and Pigments Department, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Hatem Gaffer
- Dyeing, Printing and Auxiliaries Department, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Samir Kamel
- Cellulose and Papers Department, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
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14
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Yu J, Hu L, Shen Y, Ren J. Phase Change of NaYF 4:Er Crystals in Oxyfluoride Phosphate Upconversion Luminescent Glass Ceramics: An Advanced Solid-State NMR Study. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:5868-5881. [PMID: 33825448 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of glasses with composition 60NaPO3-(40-x)CdF2-xYF3-yEr2O3 were synthesized via melt-quenching methods and subsequently heat-treated to obtain upconversion luminescent glass ceramics containing NaYF4:Er crystals. Hexagonal and/or cubic NaYF4 crystals were controlled to be bred in the glasses by changing the glass composition. The structure evolution driven by crystallization was characterized using advanced solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR) techniques. The SSNMR results reveal that the Y/Na ratio determines the crystalline phases of NaYF4 precipitated in this glass system. Y3+ attracts extra F- ions from P5+ and Cd2+ during crystallization because of its stronger ability to attract F- ions, leading to most Y3+ ions being crystallized into the NaYF4 crystals. The paramagnetic broadening effect of the Er3+ ions on NMR signals as well as the upconversion luminescence results indicate that, before crystallization, most Er3+ ions are surrounded by oxygen within the glasses; however, after crystallization, almost all of them enter the NaYF4 crystals. On the basis of this local structure investigation, a composition design strategy is developed to obtain highly efficient upconversion luminescent glass ceramics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Yu
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, P. R. China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lili Hu
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, P. R. China
| | - Yujing Shen
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, P. R. China
| | - Jinjun Ren
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, P. R. China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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15
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Ding M, Dong B, Lu Y, Yang X, Yuan Y, Bai W, Wu S, Ji Z, Lu C, Zhang K, Zeng H. Energy Manipulation in Lanthanide-Doped Core-Shell Nanoparticles for Tunable Dual-Mode Luminescence toward Advanced Anti-Counterfeiting. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2002121. [PMID: 33002232 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Developing advanced luminescent materials and techniques is of significant importance for anti-counterfeiting applications, and remains a huge challenge. In this work, a new and efficient approach for achieving efficient dual-mode luminescence with tunable color outputs via Gd3+ -mediated interfacial energy transfer, Ce3+ -assisted cross-relaxation, and core-shell nanostructuring strategy is reported. The introduction of Ce3+ into the inner core not only serves the regulation of upconversion emission, but also facilitates the ultraviolet photon harvesting and subsequent energy transfer to downshifting (DS) activators in the outer shell layer. Furthermore, the construction of the core@shell nanoarchitecture enables the spatial separation of upconverting activators and DS centers, which greatly suppresses their adverse cross-relaxation processes. Consequently, efficient and multicolor-tunable dual-mode emissions can be simultaneously observed in the pre-designed NaGdF4 :Yb/Ho/Ce@NaYF4 :X (X = Eu, Tb, Sm, Dy) core-shell nanostructures under 254 nm ultraviolet light and 980 nm laser excitation. The proof-of-concept experiment demonstrates that 2D-encoded patterns based on dual-mode emitting nanomaterials are very promising for anti-counterfeiting applications. It is believed that this preliminary study will advance the development of the fluorescent materials for potential applications in anti-counterfeiting and optical multiplexing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingye Ding
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Bang Dong
- College of Materials & Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Xiaofei Yang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Yongjun Yuan
- College of Materials & Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Wangfeng Bai
- College of Materials & Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Shiting Wu
- College of Materials & Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Zhenguo Ji
- College of Materials & Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Chunhua Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Kan Zhang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, Institute of Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Haibo Zeng
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, Institute of Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
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16
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Janulevicius M, Klimkevičius V, Mikoliunaite L, Vengalis B, Vargalis R, Sakirzanovas S, Plausinaitiene V, Zilinskas A, Katelnikovas A. Ultralight Magnetic Nanofibrous GdPO 4 Aerogel. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:14180-14185. [PMID: 32566886 PMCID: PMC7301591 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Anisotropic aerogels are promising bulk materials with a porous 3D structure, best known for their large surface area, low density, and extremely low thermal conductivity. Herein, we report the synthesis and some properties of ultralight magnetic nanofibrous GdPO4 aerogels. Our proposed GdPO4 aerogel synthesis route is eco-friendly and does not require any harsh precursors or conditions. The most common route for magnetic aerogel preparation is the introduction of magnetic nanoparticles into the structure during the synthesis procedure. However, the nanofibrous GdPO4 aerogel reported in this work is magnetic by itself already and no additives are required. The hydrogel used for nanofibrous GdPO4 aerogel preparation was synthesized via a hydrothermal route. The hydrogel was freeze-dried and heat-treated to induce a phase transformation from the nonmagnetic trigonal to magnetic monoclinic phase. Density of the obtained magnetic nanofibrous monoclinic GdPO4 aerogel is only ca. 8 mg/cm3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matas Janulevicius
- Institute
of Chemistry, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vaidas Klimkevičius
- Institute
of Chemistry, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Lina Mikoliunaite
- Institute
of Chemistry, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Center
for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio al. 3, 10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Bonifacas Vengalis
- Center
for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio al. 3, 10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rokas Vargalis
- Institute
of Chemistry, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Simas Sakirzanovas
- Institute
of Chemistry, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Albinas Zilinskas
- Institute
of Chemistry, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Arturas Katelnikovas
- Institute
of Chemistry, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
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17
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Xu J, Du G, Tong C, Xie S, Tan H, Xu L, Li N. Controlled synthesis and panchromatic printing of highly luminescent NaYF4:Ln3+ upconversion hollow microtubes for information encryption on various packaging substrates. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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18
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Liu Z, Shang C, Ma H, You M. An upconversion nanoparticle-based photostable FRET system for long-chain DNA sequence detection. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:235501. [PMID: 32069442 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab776d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based diagnosis method has been widely used in fast and accurate diagnosis. However, the traditional FRET-based diagnosis method is unable to detect long-chain DNA sequences, due to the limitation of the distance between the donor and acceptor, while the long-chain DNA sequence enables higher selectivity and is quite important for confirming many major diseases. Therefore, it is urgently needed to develop an efficient FRET system for long-chain DNA detection. Herein a 'head-to-tail' structure was developed using NaYF4:Yb,Er nanoparticles as the energy donor and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as the acceptor to detect long-chain oligonucleotides sequences (i.e., HIV DNA, 52 bp). We modified NaYF4:Yb,Er nanoparticles with carboxylic acid groups by using poly(acrylic acid) to enhance its hydrophilic and then covalently attached 5 'end of capture oligonucleotides strand to the surface of the particles. In the presence of target HIV DNA, gold nanoparticles with reported DNA were brought close to NaYF4:Yb,Er nanoparticles upon 'head-to-tail' sandwich hybridization with target HIV DNA, resulting in an efficient FRET. Moreover, benefited from both photostable nanoparticles of UCNPs and AuNPs, the photobleaching issue has also been settled down. This developed method possesses high selectivity, high sensitivity, and reached a nanomolar limitation level. To our knowledge, it is the first time to report a 'head-to-tail' structure FRET system for detecting long-chain DNA sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, People's Republic of China. The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China. Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xian Jiaotong University, Xian 710049, People's Republic of China
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19
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Zhou A, Song F, Song F, Min C, Ren X, An L, Yuan F, Qin Y, Gao X. Tunable red-to-green emission ratio and temperature sensing properties of NaLuF 4:Ho 3+/Yb 3+ microcrystals by doping with Ce 3+ ions. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce01052a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In this work, β-NaLuF4:20Yb3+/2Ho3+ samples with different concentrations of Ce3+ ions are obtained by a hydrothermal method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Zhou
- Physics Department
- School of Science
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology
- Tianjin 300457
- People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Song
- The Collaborative School of Physics
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - Feifei Song
- The Collaborative Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Chengguo Min
- Physics Department
- School of Science
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology
- Tianjin 300457
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobin Ren
- Physics Department
- School of Science
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology
- Tianjin 300457
- People's Republic of China
| | - Liqun An
- Physics Department
- School of Science
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology
- Tianjin 300457
- People's Republic of China
| | - Fengying Yuan
- Physics Department
- School of Science
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology
- Tianjin 300457
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yueting Qin
- Physics Department
- School of Science
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology
- Tianjin 300457
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Gao
- The Collaborative School of Physics
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
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20
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Ray SK, Kshetri YK, Lee SW. Upconversion luminescence properties of BaMoO 4: Yb 3+, Ln 3+ (Ln 3+ = Er 3+/Tm 3+, Er 3+/Tm 3+/Ho 3+) micro-octahedrons. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:454002. [PMID: 31370049 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab37ac] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Yb3+, Ln3+ (Ln3+ = Er3+/Tm3+, Er3+/Tm3+/Ho3+) doped BaMoO4 micro-octahedrons were synthesized by a hydrothermal process. The as-prepared phosphors were characterized by x-ray powder diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, elemental mapping, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The upconversion luminescence properties of the samples were investigated under 980 nm near infrared excitation. The different concentrations of Er3+, Tm3+, and Ho3+ were used for tuning the multicolor (blue, green, and red) emissions. The multicolor emissions were investigated by Commission Internationale de l'Elcairage chromaticity and decay lifetime. The photon process as well as the energy transfer mechanism between the Yb3+ to Er3+, Tm3+, and Ho3+ were described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Schindra Kumar Ray
- Department of Environmental and Bio-chemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, Chungnam, 31460, Republic of Korea
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21
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Gupta M, Adnan M, Nagarajan R, Vijaya Prakash G. Color-Tunable Upconversion in Er 3+/Yb 3+-Codoped KLaF 4 Nanophosphors by Incorporation of Tm 3+ Ions for Biological Applications. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:2275-2282. [PMID: 31459470 PMCID: PMC6648747 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b03075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Heavily doped nanocrystals of host KLaF4 with rare earth (RE3+ = Er3+, Tm3+, and Yb3+) ions prepared by a simple one-step template-free wet-chemical route have been reported. Prepared KLaF4 nanocrystals reveal phase-pure cubic structures (lattice constant a = 5.931Å) with space group Fm3m. Precisely defined molar ratios of heavily dopant RE3+ ions allow us to achieve wide color upconversion (UC) emission tunability (blue, green to yellow-orange-red) and white light, without any morphology and structure changes. The enhanced red emission by a factor of ∼120 has been achieved in 20% Yb3+ and 5% Tm3+ ions in KLaF4:1% Er3+ nanocrystals, which is due to an efficient sensitizer-acceptor (Yb3+ to Er3+ and Tm3+ ions) energy transfer and interexchange energy process between acceptors. For the first time, the key role of sensitizer (Yb3+) for UC emission energy transfer to Er3+ and/or Tm3+ is experimentally demonstrated. The evidence of upconversion photoluminescence excitation spectra reveals a broad safe biological excitation window (690-1040 nm), which can be well demonstrated by low-cost NIR diode lasers/LEDs. The applicability of these cubic nanophosphors is demonstrated as light-emitting polymer composite coatings and blocks for LEDs and solar cell panels. These well-dispersed UC nanocrystals can also be found to have greater use in bioimaging and spectral studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohini Gupta
- Nanophotonics
Lab, Department of Physics, Indian Institute
of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Mohammad Adnan
- Nanophotonics
Lab, Department of Physics, Indian Institute
of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Rajamani Nagarajan
- Materials
Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - G. Vijaya Prakash
- Nanophotonics
Lab, Department of Physics, Indian Institute
of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
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22
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Gong C, Liu W, He N, Dong H, Jin Y, He S. Upconversion enhancement by a dual-resonance all-dielectric metasurface. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:1856-1862. [PMID: 30637422 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr08653b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have drawn much attention in the past decade due to their superior physicochemical features and great potential in biomedical and biophotonic studies. However, their low luminescence efficiency often limits their applications. Here, we demonstrated a dual-resonance all-dielectric metasurface to enhance the signals emitted by upconversion nanoparticles (NaYF4:Yb/Tm). An averaged upconversion signal enhancement of around 400 times is detected experimentally. The electric and magnetic dipole resonances of the metasurface are designed to enhance the local excitation field and the quantum efficiency of the upconversion nanoparticles, respectively. Furthermore, the collection efficiency is enhanced due to the directional emission of the UCNPs on the metasurface. Our approach provides a powerful tool to extend the sensing application potential of upconversion nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chensheng Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Modern Optical Instrumentation, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, East Building No. 5, Zijingang Campus. and Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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23
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Sinha S, Mahata MK, Kumar K. Enhancing the upconversion luminescence properties of Er3+–Yb3+ doped yttrium molybdate through Mg2+ incorporation: effect of laser excitation power on temperature sensing and heat generation. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj00760a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Upconversion luminescence was enhanced by incorporating Mg2+ into Er3+–Yb3+-doped yttrium molybdate and the effect of laser excitation power on temperature sensing and nanoheating was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shriya Sinha
- Optical Materials & Bio-imaging Research Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines)
- Dhanbad – 826004
- India
| | - Manoj Kumar Mahata
- Optical Materials & Bio-imaging Research Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines)
- Dhanbad – 826004
- India
- Second Institute of Physics, University of Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1
- 37077 Göttingen
| | - Kaushal Kumar
- Optical Materials & Bio-imaging Research Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines)
- Dhanbad – 826004
- India
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24
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Shao Q, Zhang H, Dai J, Yang C, Chen X, Feng G, Zhou S. Preparation, growth mechanism, size manipulation and near-infrared luminescence enhancement of β-NaYF4:Nd3+ microcrystals via Ca2+ doping. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ce01924j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The near-infrared emission intensity of NaYF4:3% Nd3+ doped with 20 mol% Ca2+ is 3 times that of the Ca2+-free samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Shao
- Institute of Laser and Micro/Nano Engineering
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Institute of Laser and Micro/Nano Engineering
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
| | - Jiangyun Dai
- Laser Fusion Research Center
- China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP)
- Mianyang 621900
- China
| | - Chao Yang
- Institute of Laser and Micro/Nano Engineering
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
| | - Xiaoxu Chen
- Institute of Laser and Micro/Nano Engineering
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
| | - Guoying Feng
- Institute of Laser and Micro/Nano Engineering
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
| | - Shouhuan Zhou
- Institute of Laser and Micro/Nano Engineering
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
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25
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Lingeshwar Reddy K, Balaji R, Kumar A, Krishnan V. Lanthanide Doped Near Infrared Active Upconversion Nanophosphors: Fundamental Concepts, Synthesis Strategies, and Technological Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1801304. [PMID: 30066489 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201801304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Near infrared (NIR) light utilization in a range of current technologies has gained huge significance due to its abundance in nature and nondestructive properties. NIR active lanthanide (Ln) doped upconversion nanomaterials synthesized in controlled shape, size, and surface functionality can be combined with various pertinent materials for extensive applications in diverse fields. Upconversion nanophosphors (UCNP) possess unique abilities, such as deep tissue penetration, enhanced photostability, low toxicity, sharp emission peaks, long anti-Stokes shift, etc., which have bestowed them with prodigious advantages over other conventional luminescent materials. As new generation fluorophores, UCNP have found a wide range of applications in various fields. In this Review, a comprehensive overview of lanthanide doped NIR active UCNP is provided by discussing the fundamental concepts including the different mechanisms proposed for explaining the upconversion processes, followed by the different strategies employed for the synthesis of these materials, and finally the technological applications of UCNP, mainly in the fields of bioimaging, drug delivery, sensing, and photocatalysis by highlighting the recent works in these areas. In addition, a brief note on the applications of UCNP in other fields is also provided along with the summary and future perspectives of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumbam Lingeshwar Reddy
- School of Basic Sciences and Advanced Materials Research Center, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, 175005, India
| | - Ramachandran Balaji
- School of Basic Sciences and Advanced Materials Research Center, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, 175005, India
| | - Ashish Kumar
- School of Basic Sciences and Advanced Materials Research Center, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, 175005, India
| | - Venkata Krishnan
- School of Basic Sciences and Advanced Materials Research Center, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, 175005, India
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26
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Qin H, Wu D, Sathian J, Xie X, Ryan M, Xie F. Tuning the upconversion photoluminescence lifetimes of NaYF 4:Yb 3+, Er 3+ through lanthanide Gd 3+ doping. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12683. [PMID: 30139946 PMCID: PMC6107552 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30983-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The multiplexing capacity of conventional fluorescence materials are significantly limited by spectral overlap and background interference, mainly due to their short-lived fluorescence lifetimes. Here, we adopt a novel Gd3+ doping strategy in NaYF4 host materials, realized tuning of upconversion photoluminescence (UCPL) lifetimes at selective emissions. Time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC), was applied to measure the photoluminescence lifetimes accurately. We demonstrated the large dynamic range of lifetimes of upconversion nanoparticles with good upconversion quantum yields, mainly owing to the dominance of high efficient energy transfer upconversion mechanism. The exceptional tunable properties of upconversion materials allow great potential for them to be utilized in biotechnology and life sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Qin
- Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Danyang Wu
- Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Juna Sathian
- Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Xiangyu Xie
- Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Mary Ryan
- Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Fang Xie
- Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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27
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Han Y, Gao C, Wang Y, Ju D, Zhou A, Song F, Huang L, Huang W. Spatially confined luminescence process in tip-modified heterogeneous-structured microrods for high-level anti-counterfeiting. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:9516-9522. [PMID: 29570204 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00363g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed the progress of lanthanide-doped materials from fundamental material synthesis to targeted practical applications such as optical applications in photodetection, anti-counterfeiting, volumetric display, optical communication, as well as biological imaging. The unique compositions and structures of well-designed lanthanide ion-doped materials could expand and strengthen their application performances. Herein, we report dual-mode luminescent crystalline microrods that spatially confine upconversion and downconversion photophysical process within defined regions using the specially designed heterogeneous structure. Through an epitaxial growth procedure, downconversion tips have been conjugated with the parent upconversion microrods in oriented directions. This spatially confined structure can effectively depress the deleterious energy depletion in lanthanide ions homogeneously doped materials, and as a result, the red, green, and blue upconversion intensities have been enhanced by 334, 225, and 22 times, respectively. Moreover, the induced tips hardly disturb the upconversion process of the microrod seeds. Upon 980 nm laser or ultraviolet lamp excitation, tunable emission colors were realized in the single tip-modified microrod, indicating potential applications of these microrods for high-level dual-mode anti-counterfeiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingdong Han
- School of Physics & The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China. and Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China.
| | - Chao Gao
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China. and Changzhou Vocational Institute of Engineering, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Yangbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China.
| | - Dandan Ju
- School of Physics & The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Aihua Zhou
- School of Physics & The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Feng Song
- School of Physics & The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Ling Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Huang
- School of Physics & The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China. and Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China.
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28
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Malik M, Padhye P, Poddar P. Graphene Quantum Dots-Driven Multiform Morphologies of β-NaYF 4:Gd 3+/Tb 3+ Phosphors: The Underlying Mechanism and Their Optical Properties. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:1834-1849. [PMID: 31458496 PMCID: PMC6641316 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Dimension and shape tunable architectures of inorganic crystals are of extreme interest because of morphology-dependent modulation of the properties of the materials. Herein, for the first time, we present a novel impurity-driven strategy where we studied the influence of in situ incorporation of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) on the growth of β-NaYF4:Gd3+/Tb3+ phosphor crystals via a hydrothermal route. The GQDs function as a nucleation site and by changing the concentration of GQDs, the morphology of β-NaYF4:Gd3+/Tb3+ phosphors was changed from rod to flowerlike structure to disklike structure, without phase transformation. The influence of size and functionalization of GQDs on the size and shape of phosphor crystals were also systematically studied and discussed. Plausible mechanisms of formation of multiform morphologies are proposed based on the heterogeneous nucleation and growth. Most interestingly, the experimental results indicate that the photoluminescence properties of β-NaYF4:Gd3+/Tb3+ phosphor crystals are strongly dependent on the crystallite size and morphology. This study would be suggestive for the precisely controlled growth of inorganic crystals; consequently, it will open new avenues and thus may possess potential applications in the field of materials and biological sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Malik
- Physical
& Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National
Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411 008, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi 110 001, India
| | - Preeti Padhye
- Physical
& Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National
Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411 008, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi 110 001, India
| | - Pankaj Poddar
- Physical
& Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National
Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411 008, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi 110 001, India
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29
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Chen D, Xu M, Liu Y, Wang R, Zhang Z, Sun K, Tao K. Fixed-diameter upconversion nanorods with controllable length and their interaction with cells. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 512:591-599. [PMID: 29100163 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.10.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of NaYF4: Yb, Er upconversion nanorods with fixed diameter and controllable length were synthesized by the injection of sodium trifluoroacetate (CF3COONa) mixed with potassium trifluoroacetate (CF3COOK) precursor into a heated solution of ligand. We found that with the increased percentage of CF3COOK, the length of resultant nanorods was increased from ∼40 nm to ∼200 nm whilst the diameter was kept in a narrow range of 37-42 nm. The elongation of nanorods was attributed to the specific absorption of sodium oleate on the prismatic facets, and the integration of potassium ions into the lattice as well. We further found that the elongated length affected the relative fluorescence intensity between red and green emission. More importantly, with fixed diameter, the cellular uptake of nanorods was found decreasing with the increase of their length. Meanwhile the decrease of diameter resulted in an increased cellular uptake. These results were attributed to both specific surface area and possibly varied contacting angle between nanorods and cell membrane. The current work not only suggested a synthetic method for the precise control of upconversion nanorods, but also shed light on the design of nanocrystals for cell-related biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexin Chen
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Mengyuan Xu
- Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201620, PR China; Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Jiangsu Taizhou People's Hospital, 225300 Taizhou, PR China
| | - Yanyue Liu
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Rongying Wang
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Zhaofeng Zhang
- Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Kang Sun
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Ke Tao
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
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30
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Zhou A, Song F, Han Y, Song F, Ju D, Wang X. Simultaneous size adjustment and upconversion luminescence enhancement of β-NaLuF4:Yb3+/Er3+,Er3+/Tm3+ microcrystals by introducing Ca2+ for temperature sensing. CrystEngComm 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ce00127h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
β-NaLuF4:Yb3+/Er3+ microcrystals have been obtained through a facile hydrothermal method at a relatively low temperature (180 °C) within only two hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Zhou
- School of Physics
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optical
| | - Feng Song
- School of Physics
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optical
| | - Yingdong Han
- School of Physics
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optical
| | - Feifei Song
- School of Physics
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optical
| | - Dandan Ju
- School of Physics
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optical
| | - Xueqin Wang
- School of Physics
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optical
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31
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Dong Y, Bian X, Fu Y, Shao Q, Jiang J. Simple preparation of potassium sulfate nanoparticles. CrystEngComm 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ce01373j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Potassium sulfate nanoparticles were prepared by anti-solvent precipitation, and the particle size could be controlled within the range of 10–100 nm by adjusting the amount of polyacrylic acid. The obtained nanoparticles should be suitable as sacrificial template materials for preparing nanoporous materials, hollow nanomaterials, and other nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Dong
- School of Material Science and Engineering
- SouthEast University
- Nanjing 210096
- China
| | - Xian Bian
- School of Material Science and Engineering
- SouthEast University
- Nanjing 210096
- China
| | - Yibing Fu
- Jiangsu Bree Optronics Co., Ltd
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Qiyue Shao
- School of Material Science and Engineering
- SouthEast University
- Nanjing 210096
- China
| | - Jianqing Jiang
- School of Material Science and Engineering
- SouthEast University
- Nanjing 210096
- China
- Nanjing Forestry University
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32
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Mancic L, Djukic-Vukovic A, Dinic I, Nikolic MG, Rabasovic MD, Krmpot AJ, Costa AMLM, Marinkovic BA, Mojovic L, Milosevic O. One-step synthesis of amino-functionalized up-converting NaYF4:Yb,Er nanoparticles for in vitro cell imaging. RSC Adv 2018; 8:27429-27437. [PMID: 35540002 PMCID: PMC9083799 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04178d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The emerging up-conversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) offer a wide range of biotechnology applications, from biomarkers and deep tissue imaging, to single molecule tracking and drug delivery. Their successful conjugation to biocompatible agents is crucial for specific molecules recognition and usually requires multiple steps which may lead to low reproducibility. Here, we report a simple and rapid one-step procedure for in situ synthesis of biocompatible amino-functionalized NaYF4:Yb,Er UCNPs that could be used for NIR-driven fluorescence cell labeling. X-ray diffraction showed that UCNPs synthesized through chitosan-assisted solvothermal processing are monophasic and crystallize in a cubic α phase. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the obtained crystals are spherical in shape with a mean diameter of 120 nm. Photoluminescence spectra indicated weaker green (2H11/2, 4S3/2 → 4I15/2) and stronger red emission (4F9/2 → 4I15/2), as a result of enhanced non-radiative 4I11/2 → 4I13/2 Er3+ relaxation. The presence of chitosan groups at the surface of UCNPs was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. This provides their enhanced internalization in cells, at low concentration of 10 μg ml−1, without suppression of cell viability after 24 h of exposure. Furthermore, upon 980 nm laser irradiation, the amino-functionalized NaYF4:Yb,Er UCNPs were successfully used in vitro for labeling of two human cell types, normal gingival and oral squamous cell carcinoma. The emerging up-conversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) offer a wide range of biotechnology applications, from biomarkers and deep tissue imaging, to single molecule tracking and drug delivery.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidija Mancic
- Institute of Technical Sciences of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts
- Belgrade
- Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Djukic-Vukovic
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy
- University of Belgrade
- Serbia
| | - Ivana Dinic
- Innovation Center of the Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Belgrade
- Serbia
| | - Marko G. Nikolic
- Photonic Center
- Institute of Physics Belgrade
- University of Belgrade
- Belgrade
- Serbia
| | - Mihailo D. Rabasovic
- Photonic Center
- Institute of Physics Belgrade
- University of Belgrade
- Belgrade
- Serbia
| | - Aleksandar J. Krmpot
- Photonic Center
- Institute of Physics Belgrade
- University of Belgrade
- Belgrade
- Serbia
| | - Antonio M. L. M. Costa
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro
- Rio de Janeiro
- Brazil
| | - Bojan A. Marinkovic
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro
- Rio de Janeiro
- Brazil
| | - Ljiljana Mojovic
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy
- University of Belgrade
- Serbia
| | - Olivera Milosevic
- Institute of Technical Sciences of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts
- Belgrade
- Serbia
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33
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Fan Z, Wu T, Xu X. Synthesis of Reduced Grapheme Oxide as A Platform for loading β-NaYF 4:Ho 3+@TiO 2Based on An Advanced Visible Light-Driven Photocatalyst. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13833. [PMID: 29062043 PMCID: PMC5653848 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14018-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper a novel visible light-driven ternary compound photocatalyst (β-NaYF4:Ho3+@TiO2-rGO) was synthesized using a three-step approach. This photocatalyst was characterized using X-ray diffraction, Raman scattering spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, fluorescence spectrometries, ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area measurement, electron spin resonance, three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy, and photoelectrochemical properties. Such proposed photocatalyst can absorb 450 nm visible light while emit 290 nm ultraviolet light, so as to realize the visible light-driven photocatalysis of TiO2. In addition, as this tenary compound photocatalyst enjoys effecitve capacity of charge separation, superior durability, and sound adsorb ability of RhB, it can lead to the red shift of wavelength of absorbed light. This novel tenary photocatalyst can reach decomposition rate of RhB as high as 92% after 10 h of irradiation by visible-light Xe lamp. Compared with the blank experiment, the efficiency was significantly improved. Recycle experiments showed that theβ-NaYF4:Ho3+@TiO2-rGOcomposites still presented significant photocatalytic activity after four successive cycles. Finally, we investigated visible-light-responsive photocatalytic mechanism of the β-NaYF4:Ho3+@TiO2-rGO composites. It is of great significance to design an effective solar light-driven photocatalysis in promoting environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihong Fan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Functional Organic Molecules, College of Environmental and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Tianhui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Xuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
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34
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Facile synthesis and emission enhancement in NaLuF 4 upconversion nano/micro-crystals via Y 3+ doping. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13762. [PMID: 29062116 PMCID: PMC5653808 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14228-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of Y3+-absent/doped NaLuF4:Yb3+, Tm3+ nano/micro-crystals were prepared via a hydrothermal process with the assistance of citric acid. Cubic nanospheres, hexagonal microdisks, and hexagonal microprisms can be achieved by simply adjusting the reaction temperature. The effect of Y3+ doping on the morphology and upconversion (UC) emission of the as-prepared samples were systematically investigated. Compared to their Y3+-free counterpart, the integrated spectral intensities in the range of 445-495 nm from α-, β-, and α/β-mixed NaLuF4:Yb3+, Tm3+ crystals with 40 mol% Y3+ doping are increased by 9.7, 4.4, and 24.3 times, respectively; red UC luminescence intensities in the range of 630-725 nm are enhanced by 4.6, 2.4, and 24.9 times, respectively. It is proposed that the increased UC emission intensity is mainly ascribed to the deformation of crystal lattice, due to the electron cloud distortion in host lattice after Y3+ doping. This paper provides a facile route to achieve nano/micro-structures with intense UC luminescence, which may have potential applications in optoelectronic devices.
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35
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Zhang L, Zhang H, Zhang X, Han Y, Zhang H, Zhai Y, Dong S. Expanding light utilization to the near-infrared region for hybrid bio-photoelectrochemical cells. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:9404-9410. [PMID: 28657090 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr02636f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The insatiable energy demand asks for the maximum conversion of green renewable sources. Herein, we propose the first NIR-assisted glucose/air bio-photoelectrochemical (BPEC) cell comprising a rare earth up-conversion microcrystal (UCMC)-based polyterthiophene (pTTh) cathode. Upon irradiation with a 980 nm laser, UCMCs emit robust luminescence in the visible range, which can efficiently excite pTTh, catalyzing the reduction of oxygen and generating photocurrent. Coupling with a glucose oxidation bioanode, this assembled BPEC cell exhibits a maximal output power density of 40.6 μW cm-2 and an open circuit voltage of 0.53 V. This success is an essential conceptual steppingstone towards the comprehensive utilization of whole sunlight and offers alternative solutions for multiple energy conversions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China.
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36
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Remarkable fluorescence enhancement of upconversion composite film and its application on mercury sensing. J RARE EARTH 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s1002-0721(17)60934-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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37
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Ray SK, Kshetri YK, Dhakal D, Regmi C, Lee SW. Photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B and Ibuprofen with upconversion luminescence in Ag-BaMoO 4 : Er 3+ /Yb 3+ /K + microcrystals. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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38
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Xu D, Li A, Yao L, Lin H, Yang S, Zhang Y. Lanthanide-Doped KLu 2F 7 Nanoparticles with High Upconversion Luminescence Performance: A Comparative Study by Judd-Ofelt Analysis and Energy Transfer Mechanistic Investigation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43189. [PMID: 28230083 PMCID: PMC5322376 DOI: 10.1038/srep43189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The development, design and the performance evaluation of rare-earth doped host materials is important for further optical investigation and industrial applications. Herein, we successfully fabricate KLu2F7 upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) through hydrothermal synthesis by controlling the fluorine-to-lanthanide-ion molar ratio. The structural and morphological results show that the samples are orthorhombic-phase hexagonal-prisms UCNPs, with average side length of 80 nm and average thickness of 110 nm. The reaction time dependent crystal growth experiment suggests that the phase transformation is a thermo-dynamical process and the increasing F-/Ln3+ ratio favors the formation of the thermo-dynamical stable phase - orthorhombic KLu2F7 structure. The upconversion luminescence (UCL) spectra display that the orthorhombic KLu2F7:Yb/Er UCNPs present stronger UCL as much as 280-fold than their cubic counterparts. The UCNPS also display better UCL performance compared with the popular hexagonal-phase NaREF4 (RE = Y, Gd). Our mechanistic investigation, including Judd-Ofelt analysis and time decay behaviors, suggests that the lanthanide tetrad clusters structure at sublattice level accounts for the saturated luminescence and highly efficient UCL in KLu2F7:Yb/Er UCNPs. Our research demonstrates that the orthorhombic KLu2F7 is a promising host material for UCL and can find potential applications in lasing, photovoltaics and biolabeling techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dekang Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Anming Li
- School of Physics and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen Univeristy, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Lu Yao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao Lin
- School of Physics and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen Univeristy, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Shenghong Yang
- School of Physics and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen Univeristy, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Yueli Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Crystal Material, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
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39
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Liu H, Han J, McBean C, Lewis CS, Kumar Routh P, Cotlet M, Wong SS. Synthesis-driven, structure-dependent optical behavior in phase-tunable NaYF 4:Yb,Er-based motifs and associated heterostructures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:2153-2167. [PMID: 28045146 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp07648c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the key parameters necessary for generating uniform Er,Yb co-activated NaYF4 possessing various selected phases (i.e. cubic or hexagonal) represents an important chemical strategy towards tailoring optical behavior in these systems. Herein, we report on a straightforward hydrothermal synthesis in which the separate effects of reaction temperature, reaction time, and precursor stoichiometry in the absence of any surfactant were independently investigated. Interestingly, the presence and the concentration of NH4OH appear to be the most critical determinants of the phase and morphology. For example, with NH4OH as an additive, we have observed the formation of novel hierarchical nanowire bundles which possess overall lengths of ∼5 μm and widths of ∼1.5 μm but are composed of constituent component sub-units of long, ultrathin (∼5 nm) nanowires. These motifs have yet to be reported as distinctive morphological manifestations of fluoride materials. The optical properties of as-generated structures have also been carefully analyzed. Specifically, we have observed tunable, structure-dependent energy transfer behavior associated with the formation of a unique class of NaYF4-CdSe quantum dot (QD) heterostructures, incorporating zero-dimensional (0D), one-dimensional (1D), and three-dimensional (3D) NaYF4 structures. Our results have demonstrated the key roles of the intrinsic morphology-specific physical surface area and porosity as factors in governing the resulting opto-electronic behavior. Specifically, the trend in energy transfer efficiency correlates well with the corresponding QD loading within these heterostructures, thereby implying that the efficiency of FRET appears to be directly affected by the amount of QDs immobilized onto the external surfaces of the underlying fluoride host materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqing Liu
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA.
| | - Jinkyu Han
- Condensed Matter of Physics and Materials Sciences Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Building 480, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Coray McBean
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA.
| | - Crystal S Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA.
| | - Prahlad Kumar Routh
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2275, USA
| | - Mircea Cotlet
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Building 735, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Stanislaus S Wong
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA. and Condensed Matter of Physics and Materials Sciences Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Building 480, Upton, NY 11973, USA
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40
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Dinic IZ, Mancic LT, Rabanal ME, Yamamoto K, Ohara S, Tamura S, Koji T, Costa AM, Marinkovic BA, Milosevic OB. Compositional and structural dependence of up-converting rare earth fluorides obtained through EDTA assisted hydro/solvothermal synthesis. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2016.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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41
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Ullah S, Hazra C, Ferreira-Neto EP, Silva TC, Rodrigues-Filho UP, Ribeiro SJL. Microwave-assisted synthesis of NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ upconversion particles with tailored morphology and phase for the design of UV/NIR-active NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+@TiO2 core@shell photocatalysts. CrystEngComm 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ce00809k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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42
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Murali G, Kaur S, Chae YC, Ramesh M, Kim J, Suh YD, Lim DK, Lee SH. Monodisperse, shape-selective synthesis of YF3:Yb3+/Er3+ nano/microcrystals and strong upconversion luminescence of hollow microcrystals. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra02188g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthesizing upconversion materials with 3-dimensional structures is of fundamental importance in understanding the relationship between their optical properties and their structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Murali
- Applied Materials Institute for BIN Convergence
- Department of BIN Convergence Technology
- Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology
- Chonbuk National University
- Jeonju
| | - Sandeep Kaur
- Applied Materials Institute for BIN Convergence
- Department of BIN Convergence Technology
- Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology
- Chonbuk National University
- Jeonju
| | - Young Cheol Chae
- Applied Materials Institute for BIN Convergence
- Department of BIN Convergence Technology
- Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology
- Chonbuk National University
- Jeonju
| | - Manda Ramesh
- Applied Materials Institute for BIN Convergence
- Department of BIN Convergence Technology
- Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology
- Chonbuk National University
- Jeonju
| | - Jongwoo Kim
- Laboratory for Advanced Molecular Probing (LAMP)
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology
- Daejeon 305-600
- South Korea
| | - Yung Doug Suh
- Laboratory for Advanced Molecular Probing (LAMP)
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology
- Daejeon 305-600
- South Korea
| | - Dong-Kwon Lim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology
- Korea University
- Seoul 136-701
- Korea
| | - Seung Hee Lee
- Applied Materials Institute for BIN Convergence
- Department of BIN Convergence Technology
- Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology
- Chonbuk National University
- Jeonju
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43
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Dai J, Yang C, Zhang H, Zhang H, Feng G, Zhou S. Morphology control and enhancement of 1.5 μm emission in Ca2+/Ce3+ codoped NaGdF4:Yb3+, Er3+ submicrorods. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra08254a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Irregular NaGdF4:Yb/Er submicrocrystals converted into uniform submicrorods and the ∼1530 nm emission was enhanced via Ca2+/Ce3+ codoping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyun Dai
- Institute of Laser and Micro/Nano Engineering
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
| | - Chao Yang
- Institute of Laser and Micro/Nano Engineering
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Institute of Laser and Micro/Nano Engineering
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Institute of Laser and Micro/Nano Engineering
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
| | - Guoying Feng
- Institute of Laser and Micro/Nano Engineering
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
| | - Shouhuan Zhou
- Institute of Laser and Micro/Nano Engineering
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
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Zhang P, Qin W, Li D, Wang L. Impurity doping: a novel strategy for selective synthesis of YF3 and NaYF4 crystals. CrystEngComm 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ce00601b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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45
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Yan J, Yao H, Li J, He S, Wu Q, Yang X, Khan WU, Shi J, Wu M. Hexagonal β-Na(Y,Yb)F4 based core/shell nanorods: epitaxial growth, enhanced and tailored up-conversion emission. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra00475c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rare earth ions-doped hexagonal β-Na(Y,Yb)F4 nanorods can be coated perfectly with either optically active or inert shells to improve and/or tailor the upconversion emission through a one-step epitaxial growth method from α-phased nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Energy Chemistry of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
| | - Honghu Yao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Energy Chemistry of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
| | - Junhao Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Energy Chemistry of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
| | - Shiman He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Energy Chemistry of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
| | - Qili Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Energy Chemistry of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
| | - Xianfeng Yang
- Analytical and Testing Center
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
| | - Wasim Ullah Khan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Energy Chemistry of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
| | - Jianxin Shi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Energy Chemistry of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
| | - Mingmei Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Energy Chemistry of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
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46
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Jeyaraman J, Shukla A, Sivakumar S. Targeted Stealth Polymer Capsules Encapsulating Ln3+-Doped LaVO4 Nanoparticles for Bioimaging Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 2:1330-1340. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaishree Jeyaraman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ‡Centre for Environmental Science
and Engineering, #Material Science Programme, and §DST Thematic Unit of Excellence on Nanoscience
and Soft Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Akansha Shukla
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ‡Centre for Environmental Science
and Engineering, #Material Science Programme, and §DST Thematic Unit of Excellence on Nanoscience
and Soft Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Sri Sivakumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ‡Centre for Environmental Science
and Engineering, #Material Science Programme, and §DST Thematic Unit of Excellence on Nanoscience
and Soft Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
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47
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Lin H, Xu D, Li A, Teng D, Yang S, Zhang Y. Morphology evolution and pure red upconversion mechanism of β-NaLuF4 crystals. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28051. [PMID: 27306720 PMCID: PMC4910071 DOI: 10.1038/srep28051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of β-NaLuF4 crystals were synthesized via a hydrothermal method. Hexagonal phase microdisks, microprisms, and microtubes were achieved by simply changing the amount of citric acid in the initial reaction solution. Pure red upconversion (UC) luminescence can be observed in β-NaLuF4:Yb3+, Tm3+, Er3+ and Li+ doped β-NaLuF4:20% Yb3+, 1% Tm3+, 20% Er3+. Based on the rate equations, we report the theoretical model about the pure red UC mechanism in Yb3+/Tm3+/Er3+ doped system. It is proposed that the pure red UC luminescence is mainly ascribed to the energy transfer UC from Tm3+:3F4 → 3H6 to Er3+:4I11/2 → 4F9/2 and the cross-relaxation (CR) effect [Er3+:4S3/2 + 4I15/2 → 4I9/2 + 4I13/2] rather than the long-accepted mechanism [CR process among Er3+:4F7/2 + 4I11/2 → 4F9/2 + 4F9/2]. In addition, compared to the Li+-free counterpart, the pure red UC luminescence in β-NaLuF4:20% Yb3+, 1% Tm3+, 20% Er3+ with 15 mol% Li+ doping is enhanced by 13.7 times. This study provides a general and effective approach to obtain intense pure red UC luminescence, which can be applied to other synthetic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Dekang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Anming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Dongdong Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Shenghong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Yueli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
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48
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Wu Y, Lin S, Shao W, Zhang X, Xu J, Yu L, Chen K. Enhanced up-conversion luminescence from NaYF4:Yb,Er nanocrystals by Gd3+ ions induced phase transformation and plasmonic Au nanosphere arrays. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra20382e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
NaYF4:Yb,Er nanocrystals with different concentrations of Gd3+ ions are prepared via a hydrothermal method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangqing Wu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
| | - Shaobing Lin
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
| | - Wenyi Shao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
| | - Jun Xu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
| | - Linwei Yu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
| | - Kunji Chen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
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