1
|
Lopez Quezada L, Mba Medie F, Luu RJ, Gaibler RB, Gabriel EP, Rubio LD, Mulhern TJ, Marr EE, Borenstein JT, Fisher CR, Gard AL. Predicting Clinical Outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 Drug Efficacy with a High-Throughput Human Airway Microphysiological System. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024:e2300511. [PMID: 39123296 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
The average cost to bring a new drug from its initial discovery to a patient's bedside is estimated to surpass $2 billion and requires over a decade of research and development. There is a need for new drug screening technologies that can parse drug candidates with increased likelihood of clinical utility early in development in order to increase the cost-effectiveness of this pipeline. For example, during the COVID-19 pandemic, resources were rapidly mobilized to identify effective therapeutic treatments but many lead antiviral compounds failed to demonstrate efficacy when progressed to human trials. To address the lack of predictive preclinical drug screening tools, PREDICT96-ALI, a high-throughput (n = 96) microphysiological system (MPS) that recapitulates primary human tracheobronchial tissue,is adapted for the evaluation of differential antiviral efficacy of native SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. Here, PREDICT96-ALI resolves both the differential viral kinetics between variants and the efficacy of antiviral compounds over a range of drug doses. PREDICT96-ALI is able to distinguish clinically efficacious antiviral therapies like remdesivir and nirmatrelvir from promising lead compounds that do not show clinical efficacy. Importantly, results from this proof-of-concept study track with known clinical outcomes, demonstrate the feasibility of this technology as a prognostic drug discovery tool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rebeccah J Luu
- Bioengineering Division, Draper, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | | | | | - Logan D Rubio
- Bioengineering Division, Draper, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Ashley L Gard
- Bioengineering Division, Draper, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wu Y, Mahtal N, Paillares E, Swistak L, Sagadiev S, Acharya M, Demeret C, Werf SVD, Guivel-Benhassine F, Schwartz O, Petracchini S, Mettouchi A, Caramelle L, Couvineau P, Thai R, Barbe P, Keck M, Brodin P, Machelart A, Sencio V, Trottein F, Sachse M, Chicanne G, Payrastre B, Ville F, Kreis V, Popoff MR, Johannes L, Cintrat JC, Barbier J, Gillet D, Lemichez E. C910 chemical compound inhibits the traffiking of several bacterial AB toxins with cross-protection against influenza virus. iScience 2022; 25:104537. [PMID: 35769882 PMCID: PMC9234246 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of anti-infectives against a large range of AB-like toxin-producing bacteria includes the identification of compounds disrupting toxin transport through both the endolysosomal and retrograde pathways. Here, we performed a high-throughput screening of compounds blocking Rac1 proteasomal degradation triggered by the Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factor-1 (CNF1) toxin, which was followed by orthogonal screens against two toxins that hijack the endolysosomal (diphtheria toxin) or retrograde (Shiga-like toxin 1) pathways to intoxicate cells. This led to the identification of the molecule C910 that induces the enlargement of EEA1-positive early endosomes associated with sorting defects of CNF1 and Shiga toxins to their trafficking pathways. C910 protects cells against eight bacterial AB toxins and the CNF1-mediated pathogenic Escherichia coli invasion. Interestingly, C910 reduces influenza A H1N1 and SARS-CoV-2 viral infection in vitro. Moreover, parenteral administration of C910 to mice resulted in its accumulation in lung tissues and a reduction in lethal influenza infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wu
- Unité des Toxines Bactériennes, UMR CNRS 6047, Inserm U1306, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Nassim Mahtal
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, SIMoS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, SCBM, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Eléa Paillares
- Unité des Toxines Bactériennes, UMR CNRS 6047, Inserm U1306, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Léa Swistak
- Unité des Toxines Bactériennes, UMR CNRS 6047, Inserm U1306, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Sara Sagadiev
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Jack R MacDonald Building, 1900 9th Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Mridu Acharya
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Jack R MacDonald Building, 1900 9th Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Caroline Demeret
- Unité Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN, UMR 3569 CNRS, Université de Paris, Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Van Der Werf
- Unité Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN, UMR 3569 CNRS, Université de Paris, Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Florence Guivel-Benhassine
- Unité virus et immunité, Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Schwartz
- Unité virus et immunité, Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Serena Petracchini
- Unité des Toxines Bactériennes, UMR CNRS 6047, Inserm U1306, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Amel Mettouchi
- Unité des Toxines Bactériennes, UMR CNRS 6047, Inserm U1306, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Lucie Caramelle
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, SIMoS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Pierre Couvineau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, SIMoS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Robert Thai
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, SIMoS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Peggy Barbe
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, SIMoS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Mathilde Keck
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, SIMoS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Priscille Brodin
- Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, Inserm U1019, CNRS UMR 9017, University of Lille, CHU Lille- Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Arnaud Machelart
- Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, Inserm U1019, CNRS UMR 9017, University of Lille, CHU Lille- Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Valentin Sencio
- Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, Inserm U1019, CNRS UMR 9017, University of Lille, CHU Lille- Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - François Trottein
- Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, Inserm U1019, CNRS UMR 9017, University of Lille, CHU Lille- Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Martin Sachse
- Unité Technologie et service BioImagerie Ultrastructurale, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Gaëtan Chicanne
- Inserm, UMR1297 and Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, I2MC, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Bernard Payrastre
- Inserm, UMR1297 and Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, I2MC, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Florian Ville
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, SIMoS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, SCBM, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Victor Kreis
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, SIMoS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Michel-Robert Popoff
- Unité des Toxines Bactériennes, UMR CNRS 6047, Inserm U1306, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Ludger Johannes
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Cellular and Chemical Biology unit, Endocytic Trafficking and Intracellular Delivery team, U1143 INSERM, UMR3666 CNRS, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Cintrat
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, SCBM, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Julien Barbier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, SIMoS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Daniel Gillet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, SIMoS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Emmanuel Lemichez
- Unité des Toxines Bactériennes, UMR CNRS 6047, Inserm U1306, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abel L, Perera SM, Yam D, Garbern S, Kennedy SB, Massaquoi M, Sahr F, Woldemichael D, Liu T, Levine AC, Aluisio AR. Association between oral antimalarial medication administration and mortality among patients with Ebola virus disease: a multisite cohort study. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:71. [PMID: 35057753 PMCID: PMC8772178 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06811-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Empiric antimalarial treatment is a component of protocol-based management of Ebola virus disease (EVD), yet this approach has limited clinical evidence for patient-centered benefits. METHODS This retrospective cohort study evaluated the association between antimalarial treatment and mortality among patients with confirmed EVD. The data was collected from five International Medical Corps operated Ebola Treatment Units (ETUs) in Sierra Leone and Liberia from 2014 through 2015. The standardized protocol used for patient care included empiric oral treatment with combination artemether and lumefantrine, twice daily for three days; however, only a subset of patients received treatment due to resource variability. The outcome of interest was mortality, comparing patients treated with oral antimalarials within 48-h of admission to those not treated. Analysis was conducted with logistic regression to generate adjusted odds ratios (aORs). Multivariable analyses controlled for ETU country, malaria rapid diagnostic test result, age, EVD cycle threshold value, symptoms of bleeding, diarrhea, dysphagia and dyspnea, and additional standard clinical treatments. RESULTS Among the 424 cases analyzed, 376 (88.7%) received early oral antimalarials. Across all cases, mortality occurred in 57.5% (244). In comparing unadjusted mortality prevalence, early antimalarial treated cases yielded 55.1% mortality versus 77.1% mortality for those untreated (p = 0.005). Multivariable analysis demonstrated evidence of reduced aOR for mortality with early oral antimalarial treatment versus non-treatment (aOR = 0.34, 95% Confidence Interval: 0.12, 0.92, p = 0.039). CONCLUSION Early oral antimalarial treatment in an EVD outbreak was associated with reduced mortality. Further study is warranted to investigate this association between early oral antimalarial treatment and mortality in EVD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Logan Abel
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Derrick Yam
- Center for Statistical Sciences, Department of Biostatistics, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Stephanie Garbern
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 55 Claverick Street, Room 274, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | | | | | - Foday Sahr
- College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | | | - Tao Liu
- Center for Statistical Sciences, Department of Biostatistics, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Adam C Levine
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 55 Claverick Street, Room 274, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Adam R Aluisio
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 55 Claverick Street, Room 274, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Martchenko Shilman M, Bartolo G, Alameh S, Peterson JW, Lawrence WS, Peel JE, Sivasubramani SK, Beasley DWC, Cote CK, Demons ST, Halasahoris SA, Miller LL, Klimko CP, Shoe JL, Fetterer DP, McComb R, Ho CLC, Bradley KA, Hartmann S, Cheng LW, Chugunova M, Kao CY, Tran JK, Derbedrossian A, Zilbermintz L, Amali-Adekwu E, Levitin A, West J. In Vivo Activity of Repurposed Amodiaquine as a Host-Targeting Therapy for the Treatment of Anthrax. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:2176-2191. [PMID: 34218660 PMCID: PMC8369491 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Anthrax is caused by Bacillus anthracis and can result in nearly 100% mortality due in part to anthrax toxin. Antimalarial amodiaquine (AQ) acts as a host-oriented inhibitor of anthrax toxin endocytosis. Here, we determined the pharmacokinetics and safety of AQ in mice, rabbits, and humans as well as the efficacy in the fly, mouse, and rabbit models of anthrax infection. In the therapeutic-intervention studies, AQ nearly doubled the survival of mice infected subcutaneously with a B. anthracis dose lethal to 60% of the animals (LD60). In rabbits challenged with 200 LD50 of aerosolized B. anthracis, AQ as a monotherapy delayed death, doubled the survival rate of infected animals that received a suboptimal amount of antibacterial levofloxacin, and reduced bacteremia and toxemia in tissues. Surprisingly, the anthrax efficacy of AQ relies on an additional host macrophage-directed antibacterial mechanism, which was validated in the toxin-independent Drosophila model of Bacillus infection. Lastly, a systematic literature review of the safety and pharmacokinetics of AQ in humans from over 2 000 published articles revealed that AQ is likely safe when taken as prescribed, and its pharmacokinetics predicts anthrax efficacy in humans. Our results support the future examination of AQ as adjunctive therapy for the prophylactic anthrax treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Martchenko Shilman
- Henry E. Riggs School of Applied Life Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute (KGI), 535 Watson Drive, Claremont, California 91711, United States
- Shield Pharma LLC, 1420 North Claremont Boulevard, Suite 102A, Claremont, California 91711, United States
| | - Gloria Bartolo
- Henry E. Riggs School of Applied Life Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute (KGI), 535 Watson Drive, Claremont, California 91711, United States
| | - Saleem Alameh
- Henry E. Riggs School of Applied Life Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute (KGI), 535 Watson Drive, Claremont, California 91711, United States
| | - Johnny W. Peterson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - William S. Lawrence
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Jennifer E. Peel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Satheesh K. Sivasubramani
- Directorate of Environmental Health Effects Laboratory, Naval Medical Research Unit, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, 2728 Q Street, Building 837, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - David W. C. Beasley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Christopher K. Cote
- Bacteriology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Samandra T. Demons
- Bacteriology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Stephanie A. Halasahoris
- Bacteriology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Lynda L. Miller
- Bacteriology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Christopher P. Klimko
- Bacteriology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Jennifer L. Shoe
- Bacteriology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - David P. Fetterer
- Biostatistics Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Ryan McComb
- Henry E. Riggs School of Applied Life Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute (KGI), 535 Watson Drive, Claremont, California 91711, United States
| | - Chi-Lee C. Ho
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 609 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Kenneth A. Bradley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 609 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Stella Hartmann
- Henry E. Riggs School of Applied Life Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute (KGI), 535 Watson Drive, Claremont, California 91711, United States
| | - Luisa W. Cheng
- Foodborne Toxin Detection and Prevention Research Unit, Western Regional Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, California 94710, United States
| | - Marina Chugunova
- Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Claremont Graduate University (CGU), 150 East 10th Street, Claremont, California 91711, United States
| | - Chiu-Yen Kao
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Claremont McKenna College (CMC), 888 North Columbia Avenue, Claremont, California 91711, United States
| | - Jennifer K. Tran
- Henry E. Riggs School of Applied Life Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute (KGI), 535 Watson Drive, Claremont, California 91711, United States
| | - Aram Derbedrossian
- Henry E. Riggs School of Applied Life Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute (KGI), 535 Watson Drive, Claremont, California 91711, United States
| | - Leeor Zilbermintz
- Henry E. Riggs School of Applied Life Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute (KGI), 535 Watson Drive, Claremont, California 91711, United States
| | - Emiene Amali-Adekwu
- Henry E. Riggs School of Applied Life Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute (KGI), 535 Watson Drive, Claremont, California 91711, United States
| | - Anastasia Levitin
- Henry E. Riggs School of Applied Life Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute (KGI), 535 Watson Drive, Claremont, California 91711, United States
| | - Joel West
- Henry E. Riggs School of Applied Life Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute (KGI), 535 Watson Drive, Claremont, California 91711, United States
- Shield Pharma LLC, 1420 North Claremont Boulevard, Suite 102A, Claremont, California 91711, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Battisti V, Urban E, Langer T. Antivirals against the Chikungunya Virus. Viruses 2021; 13:1307. [PMID: 34372513 PMCID: PMC8310245 DOI: 10.3390/v13071307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted alphavirus that has re-emerged in recent decades, causing large-scale epidemics in many parts of the world. CHIKV infection leads to a febrile disease known as chikungunya fever (CHIKF), which is characterised by severe joint pain and myalgia. As many patients develop a painful chronic stage and neither antiviral drugs nor vaccines are available, the development of a potent CHIKV inhibiting drug is crucial for CHIKF treatment. A comprehensive summary of current antiviral research and development of small-molecule inhibitor against CHIKV is presented in this review. We highlight different approaches used for the identification of such compounds and further discuss the identification and application of promising viral and host targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thierry Langer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (V.B.); (E.U.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Firestone T, Oyewole OO, Reid SP, Ng CL. Repurposing Quinoline and Artemisinin Antimalarials as Therapeutics for SARS-CoV-2: Rationale and Implications. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:613-623. [PMID: 33855275 PMCID: PMC8009099 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has infected more than 116 million individuals globally and resulted in over 2.5 million deaths since the first report in December 2019. For most of this time, healthcare professionals have had few tools at their disposal. In December 2020, several vaccines that were shown to be highly effective have been granted emergency use authorization (EUA). Despite these remarkable breakthroughs, challenges include vaccine roll-out and implementation, in addition to deeply entrenched antivaccination viewpoints. While vaccines will prevent disease occurrence, infected individuals still need treatment options, and repurposing drugs circumvents the lengthy and costly process of drug development. SARS-CoV-2, like many other enveloped viruses, require the action of host proteases for entry. In addition, this novel virus employs a unique method of cell exit of deacidified lysosomes and exocytosis. Thus, inhibitors of lysosomes or other players in this pathway are good candidates to target SARS-CoV-2. Chemical compounds in the quinoline class are known to be lysomotropic and perturb pH levels. A large number of quinolines are FDA-approved for treatment of inflammatory diseases and antimalarials. Artemisinins are another class of drugs that have been demonstrated to be safe for use in humans and are widely utilized as antimalarials. In this Review, we discuss the use of antimalarial drugs in the class of quinolines and artemisinins, which have been shown to be effective against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro and in vivo, and provide a rationale in employing quinolines as treatment of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tessa
M. Firestone
- Department
of Pathology & Microbiology, University
of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5900, United States
| | - Opeoluwa O. Oyewole
- Department
of Pathology & Microbiology, University
of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5900, United States
| | - St Patrick Reid
- Department
of Pathology & Microbiology, University
of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5900, United States
| | - Caroline L. Ng
- Department
of Pathology & Microbiology, University
of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5900, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wada Y, Iyoda M, Matsumoto K, Suzuki T, Tachibana S, Kanazawa N, Honda H. Reno-protective effect of IL-34 inhibition on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in mice. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245340. [PMID: 33428678 PMCID: PMC7799787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Interleukin-34 (IL-34) shares a receptor (cFMS) with colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1), and these two ligands mediate macrophage proliferation. However, in contrast to CSF-1, the influence of IL-34 on tubular epithelial cells (TECs) injury remains unclear. We investigated the physiological effects of IL-34 on TEC damage caused by cisplatin nephrotoxicity (CP-N). METHODS Mice were administered anti-mouse IL-34 antibody (anti-IL-34 Ab; 400 ng/kg) or vehicle from 1 day before and up to 2 days after CP-N induction. In vitro, mouse renal proximal TECs (MRPTEpiC) were cultured to analyze the inhibitory effects of IL-34 on CP-induced TEC apoptosis. RESULTS Compared to vehicle treatment, anti-IL-34 Ab treatment significantly suppressed the intra-renal expression of IL-34 and its two receptors, cFMS and PTP-ζ, and significantly improved renal function, ameliorated tubulointerstitial injury, suppressed macrophage infiltration, and reduced apoptotic cell numbers in CP-N mice. It also significantly reduced the renal transcript levels of Kim-1, MIP-1/CCL3, TNF-α, and Bax in CP-N mice. Furthermore, anti-IL-34 Ab-treated CP-N mice showed less renal infiltration of F4/80+TNF-α+ cells. In vitro, stimulation with CP induced the expression of IL-34 and its two receptors in MRPTEpiC. Anti-IL-34 Ab treatment significantly suppressed CP-induced Bax expression with the degradation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation in damaged MRPTEpiC. CONCLUSIONS IL-34 secreted from damaged TECs appeared to be involved in the progression of CP-N. Inhibition of IL-34 with neutralizing antibody directly prevented CP-induced TEC apoptosis by inhibiting the phosphorylation of ERK 1/2. Blocking of IL-34 appears to suppress the proliferation of cytotoxic macrophages, which indirectly attenuates CP-N. Thus, IL-34 represents a potential therapeutic target for TEC injury, and the inhibition of IL-34 might have a reno-protective effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Wada
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Iyoda
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Matsumoto
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University Koto Toyosu Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taihei Suzuki
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shohei Tachibana
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Kanazawa
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Honda
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Song W, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Li R, Han Y, Lin Y, Jiang J. Repurposing clinical drugs is a promising strategy to discover drugs against Zika virus infection. Front Med 2020; 15:404-415. [PMID: 33369711 PMCID: PMC7768800 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-021-0834-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging pathogen associated with neurological complications, such as Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults and microcephaly in fetuses and newborns. This mosquito-borne flavivirus causes important social and sanitary problems owing to its rapid dissemination. However, the development of antivirals against ZIKV is lagging. Although various strategies have been used to study anti-ZIKV agents, approved drugs or vaccines for the treatment (or prevention) of ZIKV infections are currently unavailable. Repurposing clinically approved drugs could be an effective approach to quickly respond to an emergency outbreak of ZIKV infections. The well-established safety profiles and optimal dosage of these clinically approved drugs could provide an economical, safe, and efficacious approach to address ZIKV infections. This review focuses on the recent research and development of agents against ZIKV infection by repurposing clinical drugs. Their characteristics, targets, and potential use in anti-ZIKV therapy are presented. This review provides an update and some successful strategies in the search for anti-ZIKV agents are given.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weibao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Hongjuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Rui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yanxing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Jiandong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Khaw T, Wong SM, Herle G, Dahua JPG, Logan A, Alameh S, Martchenko Shilman M, Levitin A. Identification of Bithionol, Dichlorophen, and Miconazole as Antibacterial Agents against Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:23951-23959. [PMID: 32984715 PMCID: PMC7513344 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The rising prevalence of multidrug-resistant hospital-acquired infections has increased the need for new antibacterial agents. In this study, a library of 1586 FDA-approved drugs was screened against A. calcoaceticus, a representative of the Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumannii complex. Three compounds were found to have previously undiscovered antibacterial properties against A. calcoaceticus: antifungal Miconazole, anthelminthic Dichlorophen, and Bithionol. These three drugs were tested against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and confirmed to have broad-spectrum antibacterial properties. Combinations of these three drugs were also tested against the same bacteria, and two novel combination therapies with synergistic effects were discovered. In the future, antibacterial properties of these three drugs and two combination therapies will be evaluated against pathogenic bacteria using an animal model.
Collapse
|
10
|
Dodd LE, Follmann D, Proschan M, Wang J, Malvy D, van Griensven J, Ciglenecki I, Horby PW, Ansumana R, Jiang JF, Davey RT, Lane HC, Gouel-Cheron A. A meta-analysis of clinical studies conducted during the West Africa Ebola virus disease outbreak confirms the need for randomized control groups. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/520/eaaw1049. [PMID: 31776287 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaw1049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Recent Ebola virus disease outbreaks affirm the dire need for treatments with proven efficacy. Randomized controlled clinical trials remain the gold standard but, during disease outbreaks, may be difficult to conduct due to ethical concerns and challenging field conditions. In the absence of a randomized control group, statistical modeling to create a control group could be a possibility. Such a model-based reference control would only be credible if it had the same mortality risk as that of the experimental group in the absence of treatment. One way to test this counterfactual assumption is to evaluate whether reasonable similarity exists across nonrandomized control groups from different clinical studies, which might suggest that a future control group would be similarly homogeneous. We evaluated similarity across six clinical studies conducted during the 2013-2016 West Africa outbreak of Ebola virus disease. These studies evaluated favipiravir, the biologic ZMapp, the antimalarial drug amodiaquine, or administration of convalescent plasma or convalescent whole blood. We compared the nonrandomized control groups of these six studies comprising 1147 individuals infected with Ebola virus. We found considerable heterogeneity, which did not disappear after statistical modeling to adjust for prognostic variables. Mortality risk varied widely (31 to 66%) across the nonrandomized control arms of these six studies. Models adjusting for baseline covariates (age, sex, and cycle threshold, a proxy for viral load) failed to sufficiently recalibrate these studies and showed that heterogeneity remained. Our findings highlight concerns about making invalid conclusions when comparing nonrandomized control groups to cohorts receiving experimental treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lori E Dodd
- Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. .,School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dean Follmann
- Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael Proschan
- Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Denis Malvy
- Inserm, UMR 1219, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Johan van Griensven
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Iza Ciglenecki
- Operational Centre Geneva, Médecins Sans Frontières, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Peter W Horby
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rashid Ansumana
- Mercy Hospital Research Laboratory, Kulanda Town, Bo, Sierra Leone.,School of Community Health Sciences, Njala University, Bo, Sierra Leone
| | - Jia-Fu Jiang
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Richard T Davey
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - H Clifford Lane
- Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Aurelie Gouel-Cheron
- Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Department, Hopital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Amakawa M, Gunawardana S, Jabbour A, Hernandez A, Pasos C, Alameh S, Martchenko Shilman M, Levitin A. Repurposing Clinically Approved Drugs for the Treatment of Bacillus cereus, a Surrogate for Bacillus anthracis. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:21929-21939. [PMID: 32905429 PMCID: PMC7469645 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Of the numerous infectious diseases afflicting humans, anthrax disease, caused by Bacillus anthracis, poses a major threat in its virulence and lack of effective treatment. The currently lacking standards of care, as well as the lengthy drug approval process, demonstrate the pressing demand for treatment for B. anthracis infections. The present study screened 1586 clinically approved drugs in an attempt to identify repurposable compounds against B. cereus, a relative strain that shares many physical and genetic characteristics with B. anthracis. Our study yielded five drugs that successfully inhibited B. cereus growth: dichlorophen, oxiconazole, suloctidil, bithionol, and hexestrol. These drugs exhibited varying levels of efficacy in broad-spectrum experiments against several Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains, with hexestrol showing the greatest inhibition across all tested strains. Through tests for the efficacy of each drug on B. cereus, bithionol was the single most potent compound on both solid and liquid media and exhibited even greater eradication of B. cereus in combination with suloctidil on solid agar. This multifaceted in vitro study of approved drugs demonstrates the potential to repurpose these drugs as treatments for anthrax disease in a time-efficient manner to address a global health need.
Collapse
|
12
|
Abbate JL, Becquart P, Leroy E, Ezenwa VO, Roche B. Exposure to Ebola Virus and Risk for Infection with Malaria Parasites, Rural Gabon. Emerg Infect Dis 2020; 26:229-237. [PMID: 31829919 PMCID: PMC6986822 DOI: 10.3201/eid2602.181120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An association between malaria and risk for death among patients with Ebola virus disease has suggested within-host interactions between Plasmodium falciparum parasites and Ebola virus. To determine whether such an interaction might also influence the probability of acquiring either infection, we used a large snapshot surveillance study from rural Gabon to test if past exposure to Ebola virus is associated with current infection with Plasmodium spp. during nonepidemic conditions. We found a strong positive association, on population and individual levels, between seropositivity for antibodies against Ebola virus and the presence of Plasmodium parasites in the blood. According to a multiple regression model accounting for other key variables, antibodies against Ebola virus emerged as the strongest individual-level risk factor for acquiring malaria. Our results suggest that within-host interactions between malaria parasites and Ebola virus may underlie epidemiologic associations.
Collapse
|
13
|
Wu Y, Boulogne C, Carle S, Podinovskaia M, Barth H, Spang A, Cintrat J, Gillet D, Barbier J. Regulation of endo‐lysosomal pathway and autophagic flux by broad‐spectrum antipathogen inhibitor ABMA. FEBS J 2020; 287:3184-3199. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.15201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wu
- Université Paris‐Saclay CEAINRAE Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (MTS) SIMoS Gif‐sur‐Yvette91191France
| | - Claire Boulogne
- IMAGERIE‐GIF Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC) CEA CNRS Université Paris‐Sud Université Paris‐Saclay Gif‐sur‐Yvette France
| | - Stefan Carle
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Ulm Medical Center Germany
| | | | - Holger Barth
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Ulm Medical Center Germany
| | - Anne Spang
- Growth and Development Biozentrum University of Basel Switzerland
| | - Jean‐Christophe Cintrat
- Université Paris‐Saclay CEA INRAE Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (MTS) SCBM Gif‐sur‐Yvette91191France
| | - Daniel Gillet
- Université Paris‐Saclay CEAINRAE Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (MTS) SIMoS Gif‐sur‐Yvette91191France
| | - Julien Barbier
- Université Paris‐Saclay CEAINRAE Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (MTS) SIMoS Gif‐sur‐Yvette91191France
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
DeWald LE, Johnson JC, Gerhardt DM, Torzewski LM, Postnikova E, Honko AN, Janosko K, Huzella L, Dowling WE, Eakin AE, Osborn BL, Gahagen J, Tang L, Green CE, Mirsalis JC, Holbrook MR, Jahrling PB, Dyall J, Hensley LE. In Vivo Activity of Amodiaquine against Ebola Virus Infection. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20199. [PMID: 31882748 PMCID: PMC6934550 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56481-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
During the Ebola virus disease (EVD) epidemic in Western Africa (2013‒2016), antimalarial treatment was administered to EVD patients due to the high coexisting malaria burden in accordance with World Health Organization guidelines. In an Ebola treatment center in Liberia, EVD patients receiving the combination antimalarial artesunate-amodiaquine had a lower risk of death compared to those treated with artemether-lumefantrine. As artemether and artesunate are derivatives of artemisinin, the beneficial anti-Ebola virus (EBOV) effect observed could possibly be attributed to the change from lumefantrine to amodiaquine. Amodiaquine is a widely used antimalarial in the countries that experience outbreaks of EVD and, therefore, holds promise as an approved drug that could be repurposed for treating EBOV infections. We investigated the potential anti-EBOV effect of amodiaquine in a well-characterized nonhuman primate model of EVD. Using a similar 3-day antimalarial dosing strategy as for human patients, plasma concentrations of amodiaquine in healthy animals were similar to those found in humans. However, the treatment regimen did not result in a survival benefit or decrease of disease signs in EBOV-infected animals. While amodiaquine on its own failed to demonstrate efficacy, we cannot exclude potential therapeutic value of amodiaquine when used in combination with artesunate or another antiviral.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Evans DeWald
- Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
- Emergent BioSolutions Inc, Gaithersburg, MD, 20879, USA
| | - Joshua C Johnson
- Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
- AbViro LLC, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Dawn M Gerhardt
- Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Lisa M Torzewski
- Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
- Bioqual Inc, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Elena Postnikova
- Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Anna N Honko
- Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Krisztina Janosko
- Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Louis Huzella
- Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - William E Dowling
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ann E Eakin
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Blaire L Osborn
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20892, USA
| | | | - Liang Tang
- SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | | | | | - Michael R Holbrook
- Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Peter B Jahrling
- Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
- Emerging Viral Pathogens Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Julie Dyall
- Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
| | - Lisa E Hensley
- Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Dheer D, Nicolas J, Shankar R. Cathepsin-sensitive nanoscale drug delivery systems for cancer therapy and other diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 151-152:130-151. [PMID: 30690054 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cathepsins are an important category of enzymes that have attracted great attention for the delivery of drugs to improve the therapeutic outcome of a broad range of nanoscale drug delivery systems. These proteases can be utilized for instance through actuation of polymer-drug conjugates (e.g., triggering the drug release) to bypass limitations of many drug candidates. A substantial amount of work has been witnessed in the design and the evaluation of Cathepsin-sensitive drug delivery systems, especially based on the tetra-peptide sequence (Gly-Phe-Leu-Gly, GFLG) which has been extensively used as a spacer that can be cleaved in the presence of Cathepsin B. This Review Article will give an in-depth overview of the design and the biological evaluation of Cathepsin-sensitive drug delivery systems and their application in different pathologies including cancer before discussing Cathepsin B-cleavable prodrugs under clinical trials.
Collapse
|
16
|
Wu Y, Pons V, Noël R, Kali S, Shtanko O, Davey RA, Popoff MR, Tordo N, Gillet D, Cintrat JC, Barbier J. DABMA: A Derivative of ABMA with Improved Broad-Spectrum Inhibitory Activity of Toxins and Viruses. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:1140-1147. [PMID: 31413797 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The small molecule ABMA has been previously shown to protect cells against multiple toxins and pathogens including virus, intracellular bacteria, and parasite. Its mechanism of action is directly associated with host endolysosomal pathway rather than targeting toxin or pathogen itself. However, the relationship of its broad-spectrum anti-infection activity and chemical structure is not yet resolved. Here, we synthesized a series of derivatives and compared their activities against diphtheria toxin (DT). Dimethyl-ABMA (DABMA), one of the most potent analogs with about 20-fold improvement in protection efficacy against DT, was identified with a similar mechanism of action to ABMA. Moreover, DABMA exhibited enhanced efficacy against Clostridium difficile toxin B (TcdB), Clostridium sordellii lethal toxin (TcsL), Pseudomonas Exotoxin A (PE) as well as Rabies and Ebola viruses. The results revealed a structure-activity relationship of ABMA, which is a starting point for its clinical development as broad-spectrum drug against existing and emerging infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wu
- Service d’Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), CEA, Université
Paris-Saclay, LabEx LERMIT, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Valérie Pons
- Service de Chimie Bio-organique et de Marquage (SCBM), CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, LabEx LERMIT, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Romain Noël
- Service de Chimie Bio-organique et de Marquage (SCBM), CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, LabEx LERMIT, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Sabrina Kali
- Antiviral Strategies Unit, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Olena Shtanko
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas 78227, United States
| | - Robert A. Davey
- Department of Microbiology, NEIDL, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States
| | - Michel R. Popoff
- Bactéries anaérobies et Toxines, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Noël Tordo
- Antiviral Strategies Unit, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Daniel Gillet
- Service d’Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), CEA, Université
Paris-Saclay, LabEx LERMIT, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Cintrat
- Service de Chimie Bio-organique et de Marquage (SCBM), CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, LabEx LERMIT, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Julien Barbier
- Service d’Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), CEA, Université
Paris-Saclay, LabEx LERMIT, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Parvathaneni V, Kulkarni NS, Muth A, Gupta V. Drug repurposing: a promising tool to accelerate the drug discovery process. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:2076-2085. [PMID: 31238113 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Traditional drug discovery and development involves several stages for the discovery of a new drug and to obtain marketing approval. It is necessary to discover new strategies for reducing the drug discovery time frame. Today, drug repurposing has gained importance in identifying new therapeutic uses for already-available drugs. Typically, repurposing can be achieved serendipitously (unintentional fortunate observations) or through systematic approaches. Numerous strategies to discover new indications for FDA-approved drugs are discussed in this article. Drug repurposing has therefore become a productive approach for drug discovery because it provides a novel way to explore old drugs for new use but encounters several challenges. Some examples of different approaches are reviewed here.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vineela Parvathaneni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Nishant S Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Aaron Muth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Garbern SC, Yam D, Aluisio AR, Cho DK, Kennedy SB, Massaquoi M, Sahr F, Perera SM, Levine AC, Liu T. Effect of Mass Artesunate-Amodiaquine Distribution on Mortality of Patients With Ebola Virus Disease During West African Outbreak. Open Forum Infect Dis 2019; 6:ofz250. [PMID: 31281856 PMCID: PMC6602760 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofz250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Experiments in vitro have shown that the drug amodiaquine may inhibit Ebola virus activity. During the Ebola virus disease (EVD) epidemic in West Africa in 2014-2016, 2 mass drug administrations (MDAs) of artesunate-amodiaquine (ASAQ) were implemented to decrease the burden of malaria. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of the ASAQ MDAs on the mortality of patients with EVD. Methods A retrospective cohort design was used to analyze mortality data for patients with EVD admitted to 5 Ebola treatment units in Liberia and Sierra Leone. Patients admitted to the ETUs during the time period of ASAQ's therapeutic effect from areas where the MDA was implemented were matched to controls not exposed to ASAQ, using a range of covariates, including malaria co-infection status, and a logistic regression analysis was performed. The primary outcome was Ebola treatment unit mortality. Results A total of 424 patients with EVD had sufficient data for analysis. Overall, the mortality of EVD patients was 57.5%. A total of 22 EVD patients were exposed to ASAQ during the MDAs and were found to have decreased risk of death compared with those not exposed in a matched analysis, but this did not reach statistical significance (relative risk, 0.63; 95% confidence interval, 0.37-1.07; P = .086). Conclusions There was a non-statistically significantly decreased risk of mortality in EVD patients exposed to ASAQ during the 2 MDAs as compared with EVD patients not exposed to ASAQ. Further prospective trials are needed to determine the direct effect of ASAQ on EVD mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie C Garbern
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Derrick Yam
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Adam R Aluisio
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | | | | | | | - Foday Sahr
- Sierra Leone Ministry of Defense, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | | | - Adam C Levine
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Arbidol and Other Low-Molecular-Weight Drugs That Inhibit Lassa and Ebola Viruses. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.02185-18. [PMID: 30700611 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02185-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Antiviral therapies that impede virus entry are attractive because they act on the first phase of the infectious cycle. Drugs that target pathways common to multiple viruses are particularly desirable when laboratory-based viral identification may be challenging, e.g., in an outbreak setting. We are interested in identifying drugs that block both Ebola virus (EBOV) and Lassa virus (LASV), two unrelated but highly pathogenic hemorrhagic fever viruses that have caused outbreaks in similar regions in Africa and share features of virus entry: use of cell surface attachment factors, macropinocytosis, endosomal receptors, and low pH to trigger fusion in late endosomes. Toward this goal, we directly compared the potency of eight drugs known to block EBOV entry with their potency as inhibitors of LASV entry. Five drugs (amodiaquine, apilimod, arbidol, niclosamide, and zoniporide) showed roughly equivalent degrees of inhibition of LASV and EBOV glycoprotein (GP)-bearing pseudoviruses; three (clomiphene, sertraline, and toremifene) were more potent against EBOV. We then focused on arbidol, which is licensed abroad as an anti-influenza drug and exhibits activity against a diverse array of clinically relevant viruses. We found that arbidol inhibits infection by authentic LASV, inhibits LASV GP-mediated cell-cell fusion and virus-cell fusion, and, reminiscent of its activity on influenza virus hemagglutinin, stabilizes LASV GP to low-pH exposure. Our findings suggest that arbidol inhibits LASV fusion, which may partly involve blocking conformational changes in LASV GP. We discuss our findings in terms of the potential to develop a drug cocktail that could inhibit both LASV and EBOV.IMPORTANCE Lassa and Ebola viruses continue to cause severe outbreaks in humans, yet there are only limited therapeutic options to treat the deadly hemorrhagic fever diseases they cause. Because of overlapping geographic occurrences and similarities in mode of entry into cells, we seek a practical drug or drug cocktail that could be used to treat infections by both viruses. Toward this goal, we directly compared eight drugs, approved or in clinical testing, for the ability to block entry mediated by the glycoproteins of both viruses. We identified five drugs with approximately equal potencies against both. Among these, we investigated the modes of action of arbidol, a drug licensed abroad to treat influenza infections. We found, as shown for influenza virus, that arbidol blocks fusion mediated by the Lassa virus glycoprotein. Our findings encourage the development of a combination of approved drugs to treat both Lassa and Ebola virus diseases.
Collapse
|
20
|
Hartmann S, Nusbaum DJ, Kim K, Alameh S, Ho CLC, Cruz RL, Levitin A, Bradley KA, Martchenko M. Role of a Small Molecule in the Modulation of Cell Death Signal Transduction Pathways. ACS Infect Dis 2018; 4:1746-1754. [PMID: 30354048 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.8b00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Inflammasomes activate caspase-1 in response to molecular signals from pathogens and other dangerous stimuli as a part of the innate immune response. A previous study discovered a small-molecule, 4-fluoro- N'-[1-(2-pyridinyl)ethylidene]benzohydrazide, which we named DN1, that reduces the cytotoxicity of anthrax lethal toxin (LT). We determined that DN1 protected cells irrespectively of LT concentration and reduced the pathogenicity of an additional bacterial exotoxin and several viruses. Using the LT cytotoxicity pathway, we show that DN1 does not prevent LT internalization and catalytic activity or caspase-1 activation. Moreover, DN1 does not affect the proteolytic activity of host cathepsin B, which facilitates the cytoplasmic entry of toxins. PubChem Bioactivities lists two G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), type-1 angiotensin II receptor and apelin receptor, as targets of DN1. The inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, phospholipase C, and protein kinase B, which are downstream of GPCR signaling, synergized with DN1 in protecting cells from LT. We hypothesize that DN1-mediated antagonism of GPCRs modulates signal transduction pathways to induce a cellular state that reduces LT-induced pyroptosis downstream of caspase-1 activation. DN1 also reduced the susceptibility of Drosophila melanogaster to toxin-associated bacterial infections. Future experiments will aim to further characterize how DN1 modulates signal transduction pathways to inhibit pyroptotic cell death in LT-sensitive macrophages. DN1 represents a novel chemical probe to investigate host cellular mechanisms that mediate cell death in response to pathogenic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stella Hartmann
- School of Applied Life Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute, 535 Watson Drive, Claremont, California 91711, United States
| | - David J. Nusbaum
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, 609 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Kevin Kim
- School of Applied Life Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute, 535 Watson Drive, Claremont, California 91711, United States
| | - Saleem Alameh
- School of Applied Life Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute, 535 Watson Drive, Claremont, California 91711, United States
| | - Chi-Lee C. Ho
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, 609 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Renae L. Cruz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, 609 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Anastasia Levitin
- School of Applied Life Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute, 535 Watson Drive, Claremont, California 91711, United States
| | - Kenneth A. Bradley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, 609 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Mikhail Martchenko
- School of Applied Life Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute, 535 Watson Drive, Claremont, California 91711, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Novel amodiaquine derivatives potently inhibit Ebola virus infection. Antiviral Res 2018; 160:175-182. [PMID: 30395872 PMCID: PMC6374029 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ebola virus disease is a severe disease caused by highly pathogenic Ebolaviruses. Although it shows a high mortality rate in humans, currently there is no licensed therapeutic. During the recent epidemic in West Africa, it was demonstrated that administration of antimalarial medication containing amodiaquine significantly lowered mortality rate of patients infected with the virus. Here, in order to improve its antiviral activity, a series of amodiaquine derivatives were synthesized and tested for Ebola virus infection. We found that multiple compounds were more potent than amodiaquine. The structure-activity relationship analysis revealed that the two independent parts, which are the alkyl chains extending from the aminomethyl group and a halogen bonded to the quinoline ring, were keys for enhancing antiviral potency without increasing toxicity. When these modifications were combined, the antiviral efficacy could be further improved with the selectivity indexes being over 10-times higher than amodiaquine. Mechanistic evaluation demonstrated that the potent derivatives blocked host cell entry of Ebola virus, like the parental amodiaquine. Taken together, our work identified novel potent amodiaquine derivatives, which will aid in further development of effective antiviral therapeutics. Most drugs with potential for repurposing, have weak activity for the new indication. Each needs development through medicinal chemistry to yield more potent treatments. Amodiaquine has weak anti-filoviral activity. 69 derivatives were made and evaluated for higher potency. A structure-activity relationship showed 2 important features when combined gave 8-fold enhancement and low cytotoxicity. Mechanism of inhibition was identified as blocking uptake of the virus and release from the endosome trafficking pathway.
Collapse
|
22
|
Selaković Ž, Tran JP, Kota KP, Lazić M, Retterer C, Besch R, Panchal RG, Soloveva V, Sean VA, Jay WB, Pavić A, Verbić T, Vasiljević B, Kuehl K, Duplantier AJ, Bavari S, Mudhasani R, Šolaja BA. Second generation of diazachrysenes: Protection of Ebola virus infected mice and mechanism of action. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 162:32-50. [PMID: 30408747 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV) causes a deadly hemorrhagic fever in humans and non-human primates. There is currently no FDA-approved vaccine or medication to counter this disease. Here, we report on the design, synthesis and anti-viral activities of two classes of compounds which show high potency against EBOV in both in vitro cell culture assays and in vivo mouse models Ebola viral disease. These compounds incorporate the structural features of cationic amphiphilic drugs (CAD), i.e they possess both a hydrophobic domain and a hydrophilic domain consisting of an ionizable amine functional group. These structural features enable easily diffusion into cells but once inside an acidic compartment their amine groups became protonated, ionized and remain trapped inside the acidic compartments such as late endosomes and lysosomes. These compounds, by virtue of their lysomotrophic functions, blocked EBOV entry. However, unlike other drugs containing a CAD moiety including chloroquine and amodiaquine, compounds reported in this study display faster kinetics of accumulation in the lysosomes, robust expansion of late endosome/lysosomes, relatively more potent suppression of lysosome fusion with other vesicular compartments and inhibition of cathepsins activities, all of which play a vital role in anti-EBOV activity. Furthermore, the diazachrysene 2 (ZSML08) that showed most potent activity against EBOV in in vitro cell culture assays also showed significant survival benefit with 100% protection in mouse models of Ebola virus disease, at a low dose of 10 mg/kg/day. Lastly, toxicity studies in vivo using zebrafish models suggest no developmental defects or toxicity associated with these compounds. Overall, these studies describe two new pharmacophores that by virtue of being potent lysosomotrophs, display potent anti-EBOV activities both in vitro and in vivo animal models of EBOV disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Života Selaković
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, P.O. Box 51, 11158, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Julie P Tran
- Molecular and Translational Sciences Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Frederick, MD, 21702, United States
| | - Krishna P Kota
- Molecular and Translational Sciences Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Frederick, MD, 21702, United States
| | - Marija Lazić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, P.O. Box 51, 11158, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Cary Retterer
- Molecular and Translational Sciences Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Frederick, MD, 21702, United States
| | - Robert Besch
- Molecular and Translational Sciences Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Frederick, MD, 21702, United States
| | - Rekha G Panchal
- Molecular and Translational Sciences Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Frederick, MD, 21702, United States
| | - Veronica Soloveva
- Molecular and Translational Sciences Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Frederick, MD, 21702, United States
| | - Vantongreen A Sean
- Molecular and Translational Sciences Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Frederick, MD, 21702, United States
| | - Wells B Jay
- Molecular and Translational Sciences Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Frederick, MD, 21702, United States
| | - Aleksandar Pavić
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Verbić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, P.O. Box 51, 11158, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branka Vasiljević
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Kathleen Kuehl
- Molecular and Translational Sciences Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Frederick, MD, 21702, United States
| | - Allen J Duplantier
- Molecular and Translational Sciences Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Frederick, MD, 21702, United States
| | - Sina Bavari
- Molecular and Translational Sciences Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Frederick, MD, 21702, United States
| | - Rajini Mudhasani
- Molecular and Translational Sciences Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Frederick, MD, 21702, United States; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985900 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5900, United States.
| | - Bogdan A Šolaja
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, P.O. Box 51, 11158, Belgrade, Serbia; Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35, 11158, Belgrade, Serbia.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Drug Repurposing for Ebola Virus Disease: Principles of Consideration and the Animal Rule. J Pharm Sci 2018; 108:798-806. [PMID: 30244014 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
There are no approved drugs or biologics to treat Ebola virus disease (EVD). Literature reviews identified a list of 141 drugs with reports of preliminary in vitro potency and in vivo effectiveness in animals or with reports of clinical use/trials in EVD patients. The majority of these drugs have been individually approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for treating various non-EVD diseases. The anti-Ebola potency data of these drugs were curated from literature and publicly accessible databases, along with their individual biopharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic characteristics. To facilitate the development of antiviral drugs including anti-EVD drugs, highlights include optimization of the exposure-response relationship, design of a safe and effective clinical dosing regimen to achieve an adequate high ratio of clinical Cmin to a plasma protein binding-adjusted EC95, and the pharmacokinetic studies needed in animal models (healthy and affected) and in healthy volunteers. The exposure/response relationship for human dose selection is summarized, as described in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration "Animal Rule'' guidance when human efficacy studies are not ethical or feasible.
Collapse
|
24
|
Hartmann S, Lopez Cruz R, Alameh S, Ho CLC, Rabideau A, Pentelute BL, Bradley KA, Martchenko M. Characterization of Novel Piperidine-Based Inhibitor of Cathepsin B-Dependent Bacterial Toxins and Viruses. ACS Infect Dis 2018; 4:1235-1245. [PMID: 29749721 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.8b00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Exploiting the host endocytic trafficking pathway is a common mechanism by which bacterial exotoxins gain entry to exert virulent effects upon the host cells. A previous study identified a small-molecule, 1-(2,6-dimethyl-1-piperidinyl)-3-[(2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexyl)oxy]-2-propanol, that blocks the process of anthrax lethal toxin (LT) cytotoxicity. Here, we report the characterization of the bioactivity of this compound, which we named RC1. We found that RC1 protected host cells independently of LT concentration and also blocked intoxication by other bacterial exotoxins, suggesting that the target of the compound is a host factor. Using the anthrax LT intoxication pathway as a reference, we show that while anthrax toxin is able to bind to cells and establish an endosomal pore in the presence of the drug, the toxin is unable to translocate into the cytosol. We demonstrate that RC1 does not inhibit the toxin directly but rather reduces the enzymatic activity of host cathepsin B that mediates the escape of toxins into the cytoplasm from late endosomes. We demonstrate that the pathogenicity of Human cytomegalovirus and Herpes simplex virus 1, which relies on cathepsin B protease activity, is reduced by RC1. This study reveals the potential of RC1 as a broad-spectrum host-oriented therapy against several aggressive and deadly pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stella Hartmann
- School of Applied Life Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute, 535 Watson Drive, Claremont, California 91711, United States
| | - Renae Lopez Cruz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, 609 Charles E Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Saleem Alameh
- School of Applied Life Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute, 535 Watson Drive, Claremont, California 91711, United States
| | - Chi-Lee C. Ho
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, 609 Charles E Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Amy Rabideau
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Bradley L. Pentelute
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kenneth A. Bradley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, 609 Charles E Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Mikhail Martchenko
- School of Applied Life Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute, 535 Watson Drive, Claremont, California 91711, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Gay M, Carato P, Coevoet M, Renault N, Larchanché PE, Barczyk A, Yous S, Buée L, Sergeant N, Melnyk P. New phenylaniline derivatives as modulators of amyloid protein precursor metabolism. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:2151-2164. [PMID: 29559198 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The chloroquinoline scaffold is characteristic of anti-malarial drugs such as chloroquine (CQ) or amodiaquine (AQ). These drugs are also described for their potential effectiveness against prion disease, HCV, EBV, Ebola virus, cancer, Parkinson or Alzheimer diseases. Amyloid precursor protein (APP) metabolism is deregulated in Alzheimer's disease. Indeed, CQ modifies amyloid precursor protein (APP) metabolism by precluding the release of amyloid-beta peptides (Aβ), which accumulate in the brain of Alzheimer patients to form the so-called amyloid plaques. We showed that AQ and analogs have similar effects although having a higher cytotoxicity. Herein, two new series of compounds were synthesized by replacing 7-chloroquinolin-4-amine moiety of AQ by 2-aminomethylaniline and 2-aminomethylphenyle moieties. Their structure activity relationship was based on their ability to modulate APP metabolism, Aβ release, and their cytotoxicity similarly to CQ. Two compounds 15a, 16a showed interesting and potent effect on the redirection of APP metabolism toward a decrease of Aβ peptide release (in the same range compared to AQ), and a 3-10-fold increased stability of APP carboxy terminal fragments (CTFα and AICD) without obvious cellular toxicity at 100 µM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marion Gay
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Pascal Carato
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Mathilde Coevoet
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Renault
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U995 - LIRIC - Lille Inflammation Research International Center, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Paul-Emmanuel Larchanché
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Amélie Barczyk
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U995 - LIRIC - Lille Inflammation Research International Center, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Saïd Yous
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Luc Buée
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Sergeant
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Patricia Melnyk
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, F-59000 Lille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mahtal N, Brewee C, Pichard S, Visvikis O, Cintrat JC, Barbier J, Lemichez E, Gillet D. Screening of a Drug Library Identifies Inhibitors of Cell Intoxication by CNF1. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:754-761. [PMID: 29359495 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 (CNF1) is a toxin produced by pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli responsible for extra-intestinal infections. CNF1 deamidates Rac1, thereby triggering its permanent activation and worsening inflammatory reactions. Activated Rac1 is prone to proteasomal degradation. There is no targeted therapy against CNF1, despite its clinical relevance. In this work we developed a fluorescent cell-based immunoassay to screen for inhibitors of CNF1-induced Rac1 degradation among 1120 mostly approved drugs. Eleven compounds were found to prevent CNF1-induced Rac1 degradation, and five also showed a protective effect against CNF1-induced multinucleation. Finally, lasalocid, monensin, bepridil, and amodiaquine protected cells from both diphtheria toxin and CNF1 challenges. These data highlight the potential for drug repurposing to fight several bacterial infections and Rac1-based diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nassim Mahtal
- Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191, Gif/Yvette, France.,Service de Chimie Bio-organique et Marquage (SCBM), CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191, Gif/Yvette, France
| | - Clémence Brewee
- Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191, Gif/Yvette, France
| | - Sylvain Pichard
- Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191, Gif/Yvette, France
| | - Orane Visvikis
- INSERM U1065, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Université de Nice, Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Cintrat
- Service de Chimie Bio-organique et Marquage (SCBM), CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191, Gif/Yvette, France
| | - Julien Barbier
- Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191, Gif/Yvette, France
| | - Emmanuel Lemichez
- INSERM U1065, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Université de Nice, Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Daniel Gillet
- Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191, Gif/Yvette, France
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Han Y, Mesplède T, Xu H, Quan Y, Wainberg MA. The antimalarial drug amodiaquine possesses anti-ZIKA virus activities. J Med Virol 2018; 90:796-802. [PMID: 29315671 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak has emerged as a global health threat, particularly in tropical areas, over the past few years. No antiviral therapy or vaccine is available at present. For these reasons, repurposing clinically approved drugs against ZIKV infection may provide rapid and cost-effective global health benefits. Here, we explored this strategy and screened eight FDA-approved drugs for antiviral activity against ZIKV using a cell-based assay. Our results show that the antimalarial drug amodiaquine has anti-ZIKV activity with EC50 at low micromolar concentrations in cell culture. We further characterized amodiaquine antiviral activity against ZIKV and found that it targets early events of the viral replication cycle. Altogether, our results suggest that amodiaquine may be efficacious for the treatment of ZIKV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingshan Han
- McGill University AIDS Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Thibault Mesplède
- McGill University AIDS Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hongtao Xu
- McGill University AIDS Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yudong Quan
- McGill University AIDS Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mark A Wainberg
- McGill University AIDS Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
ABMA, a small molecule that inhibits intracellular toxins and pathogens by interfering with late endosomal compartments. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15567. [PMID: 29138439 PMCID: PMC5686106 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15466-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular pathogenic microorganisms and toxins exploit host cell mechanisms to enter, exert their deleterious effects as well as hijack host nutrition for their development. A potential approach to treat multiple pathogen infections and that should not induce drug resistance is the use of small molecules that target host components. We identified the compound 1-adamantyl (5-bromo-2-methoxybenzyl) amine (ABMA) from a cell-based high throughput screening for its capacity to protect human cells and mice against ricin toxin without toxicity. This compound efficiently protects cells against various toxins and pathogens including viruses, intracellular bacteria and parasite. ABMA provokes Rab7-positive late endosomal compartment accumulation in mammalian cells without affecting other organelles (early endosomes, lysosomes, the Golgi apparatus, the endoplasmic reticulum or the nucleus). As the mechanism of action of ABMA is restricted to host-endosomal compartments, it reduces cell infection by pathogens that depend on this pathway to invade cells. ABMA may represent a novel class of broad-spectrum compounds with therapeutic potential against diverse severe infectious diseases.
Collapse
|
29
|
Novel anti-adipogenic activity of anti-malarial amodiaquine through suppression of PPARγ activity. Arch Pharm Res 2017; 40:1336-1343. [PMID: 29071567 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-017-0965-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Amodiaquine (AQ) was developed as a selective drug against Plasmodium falciparum malaria infection and has received increasing attention as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, Parkinson's disease, and cancer due to its anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, and autophagic-lysosomal blockade properties. As autophagy activation is involved in promoting adipogenic differentiation, we examined whether anti-autophagic AQ affected adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes. AQ dose-dependently and significantly suppressed adipocyte differentiation in conjunction with decreases in lipid droplet formation and expression of adipogenic markers including adiponectin, adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein 2 (aP2), resistin, and leptin. Although peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) decreases by inhibition of autophagy, AQ treatment did not induce PPARγ degradation despite the suppression of autophagolysosomal degradation. Instead, AQ suppressed the PPARγ activity to transcriptionally activate the aP2 gene transcription through the selective prevention of nuclear localization of PPARγ. These results demonstrated the novel anti-adipogenic activity of AQ and identified its underlying mechanism that AQ suppressed adipogenic gene expression and lipid formation by inhibiting nuclear localization of PPARγ in an autophagy-independent manner. AQ is recommended as a safe and effective anti-obesity drug for controlling overweight and obesity.
Collapse
|
30
|
Balasubramanian A, Teramoto T, Kulkarni AA, Bhattacharjee AK, Padmanabhan R. Antiviral activities of selected antimalarials against dengue virus type 2 and Zika virus. Antiviral Res 2016; 137:141-150. [PMID: 27889529 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In a previous study, twelve antimalarial compounds, amodiaquine (AQ) and derivatives, were shown to have potent anti-dengue viral (DENV) activity by using the stable DENV2 Renilla luciferase reporter replicon expressing BHK-21 cells, infectivity (plaque), and the qRT-PCR assays. In this study, we performed molecular modeling on these compounds to determine their stereo-electronic properties required for optimal antiviral activity. Based on the similarity of calculated stereo-electronic profiles, specifically the electrostatic potential profiles of the compounds, and in silico screening of related compounds from literature, we identified three additional compounds, Quinacrine (QC), Mefloquine (MQ), and GSK369796. Analysis of their antiviral activities indicated that all three compounds have high anti-DENV activity in the DENV2 replicon expressing cells with EC50 values of 5.30 ± 1.31 μM (QC), 3.22 ± 0.37 μM (MQ), and 5.06 ± 0.86 μM (GSK369796). The infectivity assays revealed the EC50 values of 7.09 ± 1.67 μM (QC), 4.36 ± 0.31 μM (MQ) and 3.03 ± 0.35 μM (GSK369796). The mode of action of these compounds is through inhibition of autophagy, thereby affecting DENV2 replication. Moreover, these compounds also showed antiviral activity against the rapidly emerging Zika virus (ZIKV) with EC50 values of 2.27 ± 0.14 μM (QC), 3.95 ± 0.21 μM (MQ), and 2.57 ± 0.09 μM (GSK369796).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Balasubramanian
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington DC, USA
| | - Tadahisa Teramoto
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington DC, USA
| | - Amol A Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Howard University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Apurba K Bhattacharjee
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington DC, USA.
| | - Radhakrishnan Padmanabhan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington DC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zilbermintz L, Leonardi W, Tran SH, Zozaya J, Mathew-Joseph A, Liem S, Levitin A, Martchenko M. Cross-inhibition of pathogenic agents and the host proteins they exploit. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34846. [PMID: 27703274 PMCID: PMC5050486 DOI: 10.1038/srep34846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The major limitations of pathogen-directed therapies are the emergence of drug-resistance and their narrow spectrum of coverage. A recently applied approach directs therapies against host proteins exploited by pathogens in order to circumvent these limitations. However, host-oriented drugs leave the pathogens unaffected and may result in continued pathogen dissemination. In this study we aimed to discover drugs that could simultaneously cross-inhibit pathogenic agents, as well as the host proteins that mediate their lethality. We observed that many pathogenic and host-assisting proteins belong to the same functional class. In doing so we targeted a protease component of anthrax toxin as well as host proteases exploited by this toxin. We identified two approved drugs, ascorbic acid 6-palmitate and salmon sperm protamine, that effectively inhibited anthrax cytotoxic protease and demonstrated that they also block proteolytic activities of host furin, cathepsin B, and caspases that mediate toxin's lethality in cells. We demonstrated that these drugs are broad-spectrum and reduce cellular sensitivity to other bacterial toxins that require the same host proteases. This approach should be generally applicable to the discovery of simultaneous pathogen and host-targeting inhibitors of many additional pathogenic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Josue Zozaya
- Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont, CA 91711, USA
| | | | - Spencer Liem
- Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont, CA 91711, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Bithionol blocks pathogenicity of bacterial toxins, ricin, and Zika virus. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34475. [PMID: 27686742 PMCID: PMC5043268 DOI: 10.1038/srep34475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Diverse pathogenic agents often utilize overlapping host networks, and hub proteins within these networks represent attractive targets for broad-spectrum drugs. Using bacterial toxins, we describe a new approach for discovering broad-spectrum therapies capable of inhibiting host proteins that mediate multiple pathogenic pathways. This approach can be widely used, as it combines genetic-based target identification with cell survival-based and protein function-based multiplex drug screens, and concurrently discovers therapeutic compounds and their protein targets. Using B-lymphoblastoid cells derived from the HapMap Project cohort of persons of African, European, and Asian ancestry we identified host caspases as hub proteins that mediate the lethality of multiple pathogenic agents. We discovered that an approved drug, Bithionol, inhibits host caspases and also reduces the detrimental effects of anthrax lethal toxin, diphtheria toxin, cholera toxin, Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A, Botulinum neurotoxin, ricin, and Zika virus. Our study reveals the practicality of identifying host proteins that mediate multiple disease pathways and discovering broad-spectrum therapies that target these hub proteins.
Collapse
|
33
|
Malone RW, Homan J, Callahan MV, Glasspool-Malone J, Damodaran L, Schneider ADB, Zimler R, Talton J, Cobb RR, Ruzic I, Smith-Gagen J, Janies D, Wilson J. Zika Virus: Medical Countermeasure Development Challenges. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004530. [PMID: 26934531 PMCID: PMC4774925 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Reports of high rates of primary microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome associated with Zika virus infection in French Polynesia and Brazil have raised concerns that the virus circulating in these regions is a rapidly developing neuropathic, teratogenic, emerging infectious public health threat. There are no licensed medical countermeasures (vaccines, therapies or preventive drugs) available for Zika virus infection and disease. The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) predicts that Zika virus will continue to spread and eventually reach all countries and territories in the Americas with endemic Aedes mosquitoes. This paper reviews the status of the Zika virus outbreak, including medical countermeasure options, with a focus on how the epidemiology, insect vectors, neuropathology, virology and immunology inform options and strategies available for medical countermeasure development and deployment. METHODS Multiple information sources were employed to support the review. These included publically available literature, patents, official communications, English and Lusophone lay press. Online surveys were distributed to physicians in the US, Mexico and Argentina and responses analyzed. Computational epitope analysis as well as infectious disease outbreak modeling and forecasting were implemented. Field observations in Brazil were compiled and interviews conducted with public health officials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert W. Malone
- RW Malone MD LLC, Scottsville, Virginia, United States of America
- Class of 2016, Harvard Medical School Global Clinical Scholars Research Training Program, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jane Homan
- ioGenetics, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Michael V. Callahan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jill Glasspool-Malone
- RW Malone MD LLC, Scottsville, Virginia, United States of America
- Class of 2016, Harvard Medical School Global Clinical Scholars Research Training Program, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lambodhar Damodaran
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Adriano De Bernardi Schneider
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Zimler
- University of Florida, Department of Entomology and Nematology, Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Vero Beach, Florida, United States of America
| | - James Talton
- Nanotherapeutics, NANO-ADM Advanced Development and Manufacturing Center, Alachua, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ronald R. Cobb
- Nanotherapeutics, NANO-ADM Advanced Development and Manufacturing Center, Alachua, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ivan Ruzic
- Analytical Outcomes, Washington Crossing, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Julie Smith-Gagen
- School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Daniel Janies
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - James Wilson
- Nevada Center for Infectious Disease Forecasting, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
| | | |
Collapse
|