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Xu H, Liu H, Chen F, Zhang X, Zhang Z, Ma J, Pan K, Liu H. Ocean acidification affects physiology of coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi and weakens its mechanical resistance to copepods. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 192:106232. [PMID: 37866975 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The effects of ocean acidification (OA) on coccolithophore's photosynthesis, calcification rates, and growth have been extensively studied. However, how the intracellular Ca2+, mechanical properties and chemical composition of the coccoliths are affected by OA have not yet been investigated. This study tries to fill these gaps using Emiliania huxleyi as a model coccolithophore. When the seawater pCO2 increased from 400 μatm to 1200 μatm, the intracellular Ca2+ and coccolith area were reduced by 66% and 36%, respectively. Single-cell mapping by atomic force microscopy revealed that the modulus and hardness of coccolith decreased from 23.6 ± 0.2 GPa to 12.0 ± 5.5 GPa and from 0.53 ± 0.15 GPa to 0.20 ± 0.06 GPa, respectively. Additionally, the proportional organic matter and silicon in the coccolith surfaces increased with pCO2. The copepods Acartia pacifica fed on more E. huxleyi grown at higher pCO2. Our study implies that OA could change coccolithophore's competitive interactions with other phytoplankton and ultimately influence carbon export to the deep ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huo Xu
- SZU-HKUST Joint PhD Program in Marine Environmental Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Haijiao Liu
- Research Centre for Indian Ocean Ecosystem, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Fengyuan Chen
- SZU-HKUST Joint PhD Program in Marine Environmental Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- SZU-HKUST Joint PhD Program in Marine Environmental Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- SZU-HKUST Joint PhD Program in Marine Environmental Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ke Pan
- SZU-HKUST Joint PhD Program in Marine Environmental Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Branch of Southern Marine Science & Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
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Santomauro G, Stiefel M, Jeurgens LPH, Bill J. In Vivo Shaping of Inorganic Functional Devices using Microalgae. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 4:e1900301. [PMID: 32293148 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201900301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The usage of biomineralization processes performed by living microalgae to create 3D nanostructured materials are advantageous compared to conventional synthesis routes. Exploitation of in vivo shaping using living cells leads to inorganic intricate biominerals, produced with low environmental impact. Since biomineralization processes are genetically controlled, the formation of nanostructured materials is highly reproducible. The shells of microalgae, like coccoliths, are particularly of great interest. This study shows the generation of mesoporous highly structured functional materials with induced optoelectronical properties using in vivo processes of the microalga species Emiliania huxleyi. It demonstrates the metabolically driven incorporation of the lanthanide terbium into the coccoliths of E. huxleyi as a route for the synthesis of finely patterned photoluminescent particles by feeding the microalgae with this luminescent element. The resulting green luminescent particles have hierarchical ordered pores on the nano- and microscale and may act as powerful tools for many applications; they may serve as imaging probes for biomedical applications, or in microoptics. The luminescent coccoliths combine a unique hierarchical structure with a characteristic luminescence pattern, which make them superior to conventional produced Tb doted material. With this study, the possibility of the further exploitation of coccoliths as advanced functional materials for nanotechnological applications is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Santomauro
- Institute for Materials Science, University of Stuttgart, Heisenbergstraße 3, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Michael Stiefel
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Ueberlandstrasse 129, 8600, Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - Lars P H Jeurgens
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Ueberlandstrasse 129, 8600, Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - Joachim Bill
- Institute for Materials Science, University of Stuttgart, Heisenbergstraße 3, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
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3
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Lomora M, Shumate D, Rahman AA, Pandit A. Therapeutic Applications of Phytoplankton, with an Emphasis on Diatoms and Coccolithophores. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201800099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Lomora
- SFI Centre For Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM); National University of Ireland; Galway Ireland
| | - David Shumate
- SFI Centre For Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM); National University of Ireland; Galway Ireland
- Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Asrizal Abdul Rahman
- SFI Centre For Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM); National University of Ireland; Galway Ireland
| | - Abhay Pandit
- SFI Centre For Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM); National University of Ireland; Galway Ireland
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Blueprints for the Next Generation of Bioinspired and Biomimetic Mineralised Composites for Bone Regeneration. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16080288. [PMID: 30127281 PMCID: PMC6117730 DOI: 10.3390/md16080288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Coccolithophores are unicellular marine phytoplankton, which produce intricate, tightly regulated, exoskeleton calcite structures. The formation of biogenic calcite occurs either intracellularly, forming ‘wheel-like’ calcite plates, or extracellularly, forming ‘tiled-like’ plates known as coccoliths. Secreted coccoliths then self-assemble into multiple layers to form the coccosphere, creating a protective wall around the organism. The cell wall hosts a variety of unique species-specific inorganic morphologies that cannot be replicated synthetically. Although biomineralisation has been extensively studied, it is still not fully understood. It is becoming more apparent that biologically controlled mineralisation is still an elusive goal. A key question to address is how nature goes from basic building blocks to the ultrafine, highly organised structures found in coccolithophores. A better understanding of coccolithophore biomineralisation will offer new insight into biomimetic and bioinspired synthesis of advanced, functionalised materials for bone tissue regeneration. The purpose of this review is to spark new interest in biomineralisation and gain new insight into coccolithophores from a material science perspective, drawing on existing knowledge from taxonomists, geologists, palaeontologists and phycologists.
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Kim SH, Nam O, Jin E, Gu MB. A new coccolith modified electrode-based biosensor using a cognate pair of aptamers with sandwich-type binding. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 123:160-166. [PMID: 30139622 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report a cognate pair of the aptamer-based sandwich-type electrochemical biosensor for type 2 diabetes biomarker (Vaspin) using coccolith modified electrodeposited on the screen-printed gold electrode (CME-SPGE). The coccolith derived from E. huxleyi used in this study were known to be highly-structured microparticles with many nano-sized pores. The CME-SPGE was successfully fabricated by drop-casting coccoliths, followed by Au sputtering and electrodeposition of Au. On this CME-SPGE electrode, the sandwich-type electrochemical aptasensor was fabricated by using a cognate pair of aptamers. The morphological, electrochemical characteristics and the performances of both the CME-SPGE and the completely fabricated sandwich-type aptasensor were investigated by SEM, EDAX, cyclic voltammetry, and chronoamperometry. Due to the synergic effect of a cognate pair of aptamers on CME-SPGE, this newly developed sandwich-type electrochemical biosensor for Vaspin showed high specificity, and good sensitivity with a limit of detection (LOD) of 298 pM, along with more widen the linear range. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report about the use of a coccolith modified electrode with a cognate pair aptamer resulting in sandwich-type binding in an electrochemical biosensor. With the advantages of using highly-structured biomineral microparticles and a cognate pair of aptamers, this new study may pave the innovative way to design a novel sandwich-type electrochemical aptasensor platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hoon Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Onyou Nam
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - EonSeon Jin
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Man Bock Gu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea.
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Skeffington AW, Scheffel A. Exploiting algal mineralization for nanotechnology: bringing coccoliths to the fore. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2018; 49:57-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Balch WM. The Ecology, Biogeochemistry, and Optical Properties of Coccolithophores. ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE 2018; 10:71-98. [PMID: 29298138 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-121916-063319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Coccolithophores are major contributors to phytoplankton communities and ocean biogeochemistry and are strong modulators of the optical field in the sea. New discoveries are changing paradigms about these calcifiers. A new role for silicon in coccolithophore calcification is coupling carbonate and silicon cycles. Phosphorus and iron play key roles in regulating coccolithophore growth. Comparing molecular phylogenies with coccolith morphometrics is forcing the reconciliation of biological and geological observations. Mixotrophy may be a possible life strategy for deep-dwelling species, which has ramifications for biological pump and alkalinity pump paradigms. Climate, ocean temperatures, and pH appear to be affecting coccolithophores in unexpected ways. Global calcification is approximately 1-3% of primary productivity and affects CO2 budgets. New measurements of the backscattering cross section of coccolithophores have improved satellite-based algorithms and their application in case I and case II optical waters. Remote sensing has allowed the detection of basin-scale coccolithophore features in the Southern Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M Balch
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, Maine 04544, USA;
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Nagai Y, Oaki Y, Imai H. Artificial mineral films similar to biogenic calcareous shells: oriented calcite nanorods on a self-standing polymer sheet. CrystEngComm 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ce02143g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Micrometre-thick calcareous shells consisting of c-axis-oriented calcite nanorods are produced on an organic sheet as mimetics of foraminiferal tests and isopod cornea cuticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Nagai
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
| | - Yuya Oaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
| | - Hiroaki Imai
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
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Taylor AR, Brownlee C, Wheeler G. Coccolithophore Cell Biology: Chalking Up Progress. ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE 2017; 9:283-310. [PMID: 27814031 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-122414-034032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Coccolithophores occupy a special position within the marine phytoplankton because of their production of intricate calcite scales, or coccoliths. Coccolithophores are major contributors to global ocean calcification and long-term carbon fluxes. The intracellular production of coccoliths requires modifications to cellular ultrastructure and metabolism that are surveyed here. In addition to calcification, which appears to have evolved with a diverse range of functions, several other remarkable features that likely underpin the ecological and evolutionary success of coccolithophores have recently been uncovered. These include complex and varied life cycle strategies related to abiotic and biotic interactions as well as a range of novel metabolic pathways and nutritional strategies. Together with knowledge of coccolithophore genetic and physiological variability, these findings are beginning to shed new light on species diversity, distribution, and ecological adaptation. Further advances in genetics and functional characterization at the cellular level will likely to lead to a rapid increase in this understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison R Taylor
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina 28403;
| | - Colin Brownlee
- Marine Biological Association, Plymouth PL1 2PB, United Kingdom; ,
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom
| | - Glen Wheeler
- Marine Biological Association, Plymouth PL1 2PB, United Kingdom; ,
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Monteiro FM, Bach LT, Brownlee C, Bown P, Rickaby REM, Poulton AJ, Tyrrell T, Beaufort L, Dutkiewicz S, Gibbs S, Gutowska MA, Lee R, Riebesell U, Young J, Ridgwell A. Why marine phytoplankton calcify. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2016; 2:e1501822. [PMID: 27453937 PMCID: PMC4956192 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1501822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Calcifying marine phytoplankton-coccolithophores- are some of the most successful yet enigmatic organisms in the ocean and are at risk from global change. To better understand how they will be affected, we need to know "why" coccolithophores calcify. We review coccolithophorid evolutionary history and cell biology as well as insights from recent experiments to provide a critical assessment of the costs and benefits of calcification. We conclude that calcification has high energy demands and that coccolithophores might have calcified initially to reduce grazing pressure but that additional benefits such as protection from photodamage and viral/bacterial attack further explain their high diversity and broad spectrum ecology. The cost-benefit aspect of these traits is illustrated by novel ecosystem modeling, although conclusive observations remain limited. In the future ocean, the trade-off between changing ecological and physiological costs of calcification and their benefits will ultimately decide how this important group is affected by ocean acidification and global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny M. Monteiro
- School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Road, Bristol BS8 1SS, UK
| | - Lennart T. Bach
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Colin Brownlee
- Marine Biological Association, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK
| | - Paul Bown
- Department of Earth Sciences, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Rosalind E. M. Rickaby
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3AN, UK
| | - Alex J. Poulton
- Ocean Biogeochemistry and Ecosystems, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Toby Tyrrell
- Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Luc Beaufort
- Aix-Marseille University/CNRS, Centre Européen de Recherche et d’Enseignement des Géosciences de l’Environnement (CEREGE), 13545 Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Stephanie Dutkiewicz
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Samantha Gibbs
- Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Magdalena A. Gutowska
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, 7700 Sandholdt Road, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA
| | - Renee Lee
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3AN, UK
| | - Ulf Riebesell
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jeremy Young
- Museum of Natural History, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Andy Ridgwell
- School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Road, Bristol BS8 1SS, UK
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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