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Abad C, Demeules M, Guillou C, Gondé H, Zoubairi R, Tan YV, Pinto-Espinoza C, Schäfer W, Mann AM, Vouret-Craviari V, Koch-Nolte F, Adriouch S. Administration of an AAV vector coding for a P2X7-blocking nanobody-based biologic ameliorates colitis in mice. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:27. [PMID: 38212782 PMCID: PMC10785547 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02285-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pro-inflammatory ATP-gated P2X7 receptor is widely expressed by immune and non-immune cells. Nanobodies targeting P2X7, with potentiating or antagonistic effects, have been developed. Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated gene transfer represents an efficient approach to achieve long-term in vivo expression of selected nanobody-based biologics. This approach (AAVnano) was used to validate the relevance of P2X7 as a target in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. RESULTS Mice received an intramuscular injection of AAV vectors coding for potentiating (14D5-dimHLE) or antagonistic (13A7-Fc) nanobody-based biologics targeting P2X7. Long-term modulation of P2X7 activity was evaluated ex vivo from blood samples. Colitis was induced with DSS in mice injected with AAV vectors coding for nanobody-based biologics. Severity of colitis, colon histopathology and expression of chemokines and cytokines were determined to evaluate the impact of P2X7 modulation. A single injection of an AAV vector coding for 13A7-Fc or 14D5-dimHLE efficiently modulated P2X7 function in vivo from day 15 up to day 120 post-injection in a dose-dependent manner. An AAV vector coding for 13A7-Fc significantly ameliorated DSS-induced colitis and significantly reduced immune cell infiltration and expression of chemokines and proinflammatory cytokines in colonic tissue. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated the validity of AAVnano methodology to modulate P2X7 functions in vivo. Applying this methodological approach to a DSS-induced colitis model, we have shown that P2X7 blockade reduces inflammation and disease severity. Hence, this study confirms the importance of P2X7 as a pharmacological target and suggests the use of nanobody-based biologics as potential therapeutics in inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Abad
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, U1234, Pathophysiology Autoimmunity and Immunotherapy (PANTHER), Normandie Univ, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Mélanie Demeules
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, U1234, Pathophysiology Autoimmunity and Immunotherapy (PANTHER), Normandie Univ, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Charlotte Guillou
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, U1234, Pathophysiology Autoimmunity and Immunotherapy (PANTHER), Normandie Univ, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Henri Gondé
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, U1234, Pathophysiology Autoimmunity and Immunotherapy (PANTHER), Normandie Univ, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Rachid Zoubairi
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, U1234, Pathophysiology Autoimmunity and Immunotherapy (PANTHER), Normandie Univ, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Yossan-Var Tan
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, U1234, Pathophysiology Autoimmunity and Immunotherapy (PANTHER), Normandie Univ, 76000, Rouen, France
| | | | - Waldemar Schäfer
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna Marei Mann
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Friedrich Koch-Nolte
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sahil Adriouch
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, U1234, Pathophysiology Autoimmunity and Immunotherapy (PANTHER), Normandie Univ, 76000, Rouen, France.
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, INSERM U1234 - PANTHER Lab, 22 Boulevard Gambetta, CS 76183, University of Rouen, 76000, Rouen, France.
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Park JS, Kim YW, Kim H, Kim SK, Park K. Development of a Novel ATP Bioluminescence Assay Based on Engineered Probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii Expressing Firefly Luciferase. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 33:1506-1512. [PMID: 37482802 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2305.05019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative analysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) has been widely used as a diagnostic tool in the food and medical industries. Particularly, the pathogenesis of a few diseases including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is closely related to high ATP concentrations. A bioluminescent D-luciferin/luciferase system, which includes a luciferase (FLuc) from the firefly Photinus pyralis as a key component, is the most commonly used method for the detection and quantification of ATP. Here, instead of isolating FLuc produced in recombinant Escherichia coli, we aimed to develop a whole-cell biocatalyst system that does not require extraction and purification of FLuc. To this end, the gene coding for FLuc was introduced into the genome of probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii using the CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing system. The linear relationship (r2 = 0.9561) between ATP levels and bioluminescence generated from the engineered S. boulardii expressing FLuc was observed in vitro. To explore the feasibility of using the engineered S. boulardii expressing FLuc as a whole-cell biosensor to detect inflammation biomarker (i.e., ATP) in the gut, a colitis mouse model was established using dextran sodium sulfate as a colitogenic compound. Our findings demonstrated that the whole-cell biosensor can detect elevated ATP levels during gut inflammation in mice. Therefore, the simple and powerful method developed herein could be applied for non-invasive IBD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Sun Park
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Woo Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungdong Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Ki Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeongsoon Park
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
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Grassi F, Salina G. The P2X7 Receptor in Autoimmunity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14116. [PMID: 37762419 PMCID: PMC10531565 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is an ATP-gated nonselective cationic channel that, upon intense stimulation, can progress to the opening of a pore permeable to molecules up to 900 Da. Apart from its broad expression in cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems, it is expressed in multiple cell types in different tissues. The dual gating property of P2X7R is instrumental in determining cellular responses, which depend on the expression level of the receptor, timing of stimulation, and microenvironmental cues, thus often complicating the interpretation of experimental data in comprehensive settings. Here we review the existing literature on P2X7R activity in autoimmunity, pinpointing the different functions in cells involved in the immunopathological processes that can make it difficult to model as a druggable target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Grassi
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland;
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Zou Y, Ghaderpour A, Munkhbileg B, Seo SU, Seong SY. Taurodeoxycholate ameliorates DSS-induced colitis in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 122:110628. [PMID: 37454634 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is typically managed using medications such as 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), glucocorticoids, anti-TNFα Ab, or anti-IL-12/23 Ab. However, some patients do not respond well to these treatments or frequently experience relapses. Therefore, alternative therapeutic options are needed. Since the activation of the inflammasome is crucial to the pathogenesis of IBD, inhibiting the inflammasome may be beneficial for patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS We tested the efficacy of taurodeoxycholate (TDCA), which is a known G-protein coupled receptor 19 (GPCR19) agonist, in a mouse colitis model induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). RESULTS In the mouse colitis model, TDCA prevented loss of body weight, shortening of the colon, production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, infiltration of pro-inflammatory cells, and mucosal ulceration in the colon. In vitro, TDCA inhibited the activation of NF-κB in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) by activating the cAMP-PKA axis. TDCA downregulated the expression of purinergic receptor P2X7 (P2X7R) and enhanced the colocalization of P2X7R with GPCR19, and inhibited the Ca2+ mobilization of BMDMs when stimulated with ATP or BzATP, which plays a pivotal role in activating the NLRP3 inflammasome (N3I) via P2X7R. TDCA inhibited the oligomerization of NLRP3-ASC and downregulated the expression of NLRP3 and ASC, as well as suppressed the maturation of pro-caspase-1 and pro-IL-1β. TDCA also increased the percentage of M2 macrophages while decreasing the number of M1 macrophages, Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells in the colon. CONCLUSION TDCA ameliorated DSS-induced colitis in mice, possibly by inhibiting both the priming phase (via the GPCR19-cAMP-PKA-NF-κB axis) and the activation phase (via the GPCR19-P2X7R-NLRP3-Caspase 1-IL-1β axis) of N3I signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Zou
- Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, Hongcheon, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Aziz Ghaderpour
- Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, Hongcheon, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bolormaa Munkhbileg
- Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, Hongcheon, Republic of Korea; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Uk Seo
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yong Seong
- Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, Hongcheon, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Shaperon Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Lis-López L, Bauset C, Seco-Cervera M, Macias-Ceja D, Navarro F, Álvarez Á, Esplugues JV, Calatayud S, Barrachina MD, Ortiz-Masià D, Cosín-Roger J. P2X7 Receptor Regulates Collagen Expression in Human Intestinal Fibroblasts: Relevance in Intestinal Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12936. [PMID: 37629116 PMCID: PMC10454509 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal fibrosis is a common complication that affects more than 50% of Crohn´s Disease (CD) patients. There is no pharmacological treatment against this complication, with surgery being the only option. Due to the unknown role of P2X7 in intestinal fibrosis, we aim to analyze the relevance of this receptor in CD complications. Surgical resections from CD and non-Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) patients were obtained. Intestinal fibrosis was induced with two different murine models: heterotopic transplant model and chronic-DSS colitis in wild-type and P2X7-/- mice. Human small intestine fibroblasts (HSIFs) were transfected with an siRNA against P2X7 and treated with TGF-β. A gene and protein expression of P2X7 receptor was significantly increased in CD compared to non-IBD patients. The lack of P2X7 in mice provoked an enhanced collagen deposition and increased expression of several profibrotic markers in both murine models of intestinal fibrosis. Furthermore, P2X7-/- mice exhibited a higher expression of proinflammatory cytokines and a lower expression of M2 macrophage markers. Moreover, the transient silencing of the P2X7 receptor in HSIFs significantly induced the expression of Col1a1 and potentiated the expression of Col4 and Col5a1 after TGF-β treatment. P2X7 regulates collagen expression in human intestinal fibroblasts, while the lack of this receptor aggravates intestinal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lluis Lis-López
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (L.L.-L.); (C.B.); (D.M.-C.); (Á.Á.); (J.V.E.); (S.C.); (M.D.B.)
| | - Cristina Bauset
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (L.L.-L.); (C.B.); (D.M.-C.); (Á.Á.); (J.V.E.); (S.C.); (M.D.B.)
| | - Marta Seco-Cervera
- FISABIO (Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica), Hospital Dr. Peset, 46017 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Dulce Macias-Ceja
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (L.L.-L.); (C.B.); (D.M.-C.); (Á.Á.); (J.V.E.); (S.C.); (M.D.B.)
| | - Francisco Navarro
- Servicio Cirugía y Coloproctología, Hospital de Manises, 46940 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Ángeles Álvarez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (L.L.-L.); (C.B.); (D.M.-C.); (Á.Á.); (J.V.E.); (S.C.); (M.D.B.)
- CIBERehd (Centro de Investigaciones en Red Enfermedad Hepática y Digestiva), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Vicente Esplugues
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (L.L.-L.); (C.B.); (D.M.-C.); (Á.Á.); (J.V.E.); (S.C.); (M.D.B.)
- CIBERehd (Centro de Investigaciones en Red Enfermedad Hepática y Digestiva), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Calatayud
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (L.L.-L.); (C.B.); (D.M.-C.); (Á.Á.); (J.V.E.); (S.C.); (M.D.B.)
- CIBERehd (Centro de Investigaciones en Red Enfermedad Hepática y Digestiva), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Dolores Barrachina
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (L.L.-L.); (C.B.); (D.M.-C.); (Á.Á.); (J.V.E.); (S.C.); (M.D.B.)
- CIBERehd (Centro de Investigaciones en Red Enfermedad Hepática y Digestiva), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Ortiz-Masià
- CIBERehd (Centro de Investigaciones en Red Enfermedad Hepática y Digestiva), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Jesús Cosín-Roger
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (L.L.-L.); (C.B.); (D.M.-C.); (Á.Á.); (J.V.E.); (S.C.); (M.D.B.)
- CIBERehd (Centro de Investigaciones en Red Enfermedad Hepática y Digestiva), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Magalhães HIR, Machado FA, Souza RF, Caetano MAF, Figliuolo VR, Coutinho-Silva R, Castelucci P. Study of the roles of caspase-3 and nuclear factor kappa B in myenteric neurons in a P2X7 receptor knockout mouse model of ulcerative colitis. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:3440-3468. [PMID: 37389242 PMCID: PMC10303518 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i22.3440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The literature indicates that the enteric nervous system is affected in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and that the P2X7 receptor triggers neuronal death. However, the mechanism by which enteric neurons are lost in IBDs is unknown.
AIM To study the role of the caspase-3 and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathways in myenteric neurons in a P2X7 receptor knockout (KO) mouse model of IBDs.
METHODS Forty male wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 and P2X7 receptor KO mice were euthanized 24 h or 4 d after colitis induction by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (colitis group). Mice in the sham groups were injected with vehicle. The mice were divided into eight groups (n = 5): The WT sham 24 h and 4 d groups, the WT colitis 24 h and 4 d groups, the KO sham 24 h and 4 d groups, and the KO colitis 24 h and 4 d groups. The disease activity index (DAI) was analyzed, the distal colon was collected for immunohistochemistry analyses, and immunofluorescence was performed to identify neurons immunoreactive (ir) for calretinin, P2X7 receptor, cleaved caspase-3, total caspase-3, phospho-NF-κB, and total NF-κB. We analyzed the number of calretinin-ir and P2X7 receptor-ir neurons per ganglion, the neuronal profile area (µm²), and corrected total cell fluorescence (CTCF).
RESULTS Cells double labeled for calretinin and P2X7 receptor, cleaved caspase-3, total caspase-3, phospho-NF-κB, or total NF-κB were observed in the WT colitis 24 h and 4 d groups. The number of calretinin-ir neurons per ganglion was decreased in the WT colitis 24 h and 4 d groups compared to the WT sham 24 h and 4 d groups, respectively (2.10 ± 0.13 vs 3.33 ± 0.17, P < 0.001; 2.92 ± 0.12 vs 3.70 ± 0.11, P < 0.05), but was not significantly different between the KO groups. The calretinin-ir neuronal profile area was increased in the WT colitis 24 h group compared to the WT sham 24 h group (312.60 ± 7.85 vs 278.41 ± 6.65, P < 0.05), and the nuclear profile area was decreased in the WT colitis 4 d group compared to the WT sham 4 d group (104.63 ± 2.49 vs 117.41 ± 1.14, P < 0.01). The number of P2X7 receptor-ir neurons per ganglion was decreased in the WT colitis 24 h and 4 d groups compared to the WT sham 24 h and 4 d groups, respectively (19.49 ± 0.35 vs 22.21 ± 0.18, P < 0.001; 20.35 ± 0.14 vs 22.75 ± 0.51, P < 0.001), and no P2X7 receptor-ir neurons were observed in the KO groups. Myenteric neurons showed ultrastructural changes in the WT colitis 24 h and 4 d groups and in the KO colitis 24 h group. The cleaved caspase-3 CTCF was increased in the WT colitis 24 h and 4 d groups compared to the WT sham 24 h and 4 d groups, respectively (485949 ± 14140 vs 371371 ± 16426, P < 0.001; 480381 ± 11336 vs 378365 ± 4053, P < 0.001), but was not significantly different between the KO groups. The total caspase-3 CTCF, phospho-NF-κB CTCF, and total NF-κB CTCF were not significantly different among the groups. The DAI was recovered in the KO groups. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the absence of the P2X7 receptor attenuated inflammatory infiltration, tissue damage, collagen deposition, and the decrease in the number of goblet cells in the distal colon.
CONCLUSION Ulcerative colitis affects myenteric neurons in WT mice but has a weaker effect in P2X7 receptor KO mice, and neuronal death may be associated with P2X7 receptor-mediated caspase-3 activation. The P2X7 receptor can be a therapeutic target for IBDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Vanessa Ribeiro Figliuolo
- Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Robson Coutinho-Silva
- Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
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Yang BG, Kim AR, Lee D, An SB, Shim YA, Jang MH. Degranulation of Mast Cells as a Target for Drug Development. Cells 2023; 12:1506. [PMID: 37296626 PMCID: PMC10253146 DOI: 10.3390/cells12111506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells act as key effector cells of inflammatory responses through degranulation. Mast cell degranulation is induced by the activation of cell surface receptors, such as FcεRI, MRGPRX2/B2, and P2RX7. Each receptor, except FcεRI, varies in its expression pattern depending on the tissue, which contributes to their differing involvement in inflammatory responses depending on the site of occurrence. Focusing on the mechanism of allergic inflammatory responses by mast cells, this review will describe newly identified mast cell receptors in terms of their involvement in degranulation induction and patterns of tissue-specific expression. In addition, new drugs targeting mast cell degranulation for the treatment of allergy-related diseases will be introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Gie Yang
- Research Institute, GI Biome Inc., Seongnam 13201, Republic of Korea; (A.-R.K.); (D.L.); (S.B.A.)
| | - A-Ram Kim
- Research Institute, GI Biome Inc., Seongnam 13201, Republic of Korea; (A.-R.K.); (D.L.); (S.B.A.)
| | - Dajeong Lee
- Research Institute, GI Biome Inc., Seongnam 13201, Republic of Korea; (A.-R.K.); (D.L.); (S.B.A.)
| | - Seong Beom An
- Research Institute, GI Biome Inc., Seongnam 13201, Republic of Korea; (A.-R.K.); (D.L.); (S.B.A.)
| | - Yaein Amy Shim
- Research Institute, GI Innovation Inc., Songpa-gu, Seoul 05855, Republic of Korea;
| | - Myoung Ho Jang
- Research Institute, GI Innovation Inc., Songpa-gu, Seoul 05855, Republic of Korea;
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Souza RF, Caetano MAF, Magalhães HIR, Castelucci P. Study of tumor necrosis factor receptor in the inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:2733-2746. [PMID: 37274062 PMCID: PMC10237104 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i18.2733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) are part of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) and have pathophysiological processes such as bowel necrosis and enteric neurons and enteric glial cells. In addition, the main inflammatory mediator is related to the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). TNF-α is a me-diator of the intestinal inflammatory processes, thus being one of the main cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of IBD, however, its levels, when measured, are present in the serum of patients with IBD. In addition, TNF-α plays an important role in promoting inflammation, such as the production of interleukins (IL), for instance IL-1β and IL-6. There are two receptors for TNF as following: The tumor necrosis factor 1 receptor (TNFR1); and the tumor necrosis factor 2 receptor (TNFR2). They are involved in the pathogenesis of IBD and their receptors have been detected in IBD and their expression is correlated with disease activity. The soluble TNF form binds to the TNFR1 receptor with, and its activation results in a signaling cascade effects such as apoptosis, cell proliferation and cytokine secretion. In contrast, the transmembrane TNF form can bind both to TNFR1 and TNFR2. Recent studies have suggested that TNF-α is one of the main pro-inflammatory cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of IBD, since TNF levels are present in the serum of both patients with UC and CD. Intravenous and subcutaneous biologics targeting TNF-α have revolutionized the treatment of IBD, thus becoming the best available agents to induce and maintain IBD remission. The application of antibodies aimed at neutralizing TNF-α in patients with IBD that induce a satisfactory clinical response in up to 60% of patients, and also induced long-term maintenance of disease remission in most patients. It has been suggested that anti-TNF-α agents inactivate the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α by direct neutralization, i.e., resulting in suppression of inflammation. However, anti-TNF-α antibodies perform more complex functions than a simple blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Figueiroa Souza
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | | | | | - Patricia Castelucci
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
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Moreira-Souza ACA, Nanini HF, Rangel TP, da Silva SRB, Damasceno BP, Ribeiro BE, Cascabulho CM, Thompson F, Leal C, Santana PT, Rosas SLB, de Andrade KQ, Silva CLM, Vommaro RC, de Souza HSP, Coutinho-Silva R. P2X7 Receptor Modulation of the Gut Microbiota and the Inflammasome Determines the Severity of Toxoplasma gondii-Induced Ileitis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020555. [PMID: 36831091 PMCID: PMC9952899 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In mice, oral Toxoplasma gondii infection induces severe ileitis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of the P2X7 receptor (P2X7) on the inflammatory response to T. gondii-induced ileitis. Cysts of the ME49 strain of T. gondii were used to induce ileitis. The infected mice were euthanized on day 8 and ileal tissue and peripheral blood were collected for histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses. Ileal contractility, inflammatory mediators, inflammasome activation, quantitative PCR analysis of gene expression, and fecal microbiota were assessed using appropriate techniques, respectively. The infected P2X7-/- mice had greater disease severity, parasitic burden, liver damage, and intestinal contractility than the infected wild-type (WT) mice. Infection increased serum IL-6 and IFN-γ and tissue caspase-1 but not NLRP3 in P2X7-/- mice compared to WT mice. Bacteroidaceae, Rikenellaceae, and Rhodospirillales increased while Muribaculaceae and Lactobacillaceae decreased in the infected WT and P2X7-/- mice. Bacteroidia and Tannerellaceae increased in the P2X7-/- mice with ileitis. By contrast, Clostridiales and Mollicutes were absent in the P2X7-/- mice but increased in the WT mice. P2X7 protects mice against T. gondii infection by activating the inflammasome and regulating the local and systemic immune responses. Specific gut bacterial populations modulated by P2X7 determine disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Cristina Abreu Moreira-Souza
- Laboratório de Imunofisiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-913, Brazil
| | - Hayandra Ferreira Nanini
- Laboratório de Imunofisiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-913, Brazil
| | - Thuany Prado Rangel
- Laboratório de Imunofisiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Sthefani Rodrigues Batista da Silva
- Laboratório de Imunofisiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Pêgo Damasceno
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-913, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Elias Ribeiro
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-913, Brazil
| | - Cynthia M. Cascabulho
- Laboratório de Inovações em Terapias, Ensino e Bioprodutos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Thompson
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil
| | - Camille Leal
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Teixeira Santana
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-913, Brazil
| | - Siane Lopes Bittencourt Rosas
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-913, Brazil
| | - Kívia Queiroz de Andrade
- Laboratório de Imunofisiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Claudia L. Martins Silva
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Bioquímica e Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Rossiane Claudia Vommaro
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-170, Brazil
- Instituto D’Or de Pesquisa e Ensino, Rio de Janeiro 22281-100, Brazil
| | - Heitor Siffert Pereira de Souza
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-913, Brazil
- Instituto D’Or de Pesquisa e Ensino, Rio de Janeiro 22281-100, Brazil
- Correspondence: or (H.S.P.d.S.); (R.C.-S.); Tel.: +55-21-3938-2669 (H.S.P.d.S.); +55-21-3938-6565 (R.C.-S.)
| | - Robson Coutinho-Silva
- Laboratório de Imunofisiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil
- Correspondence: or (H.S.P.d.S.); (R.C.-S.); Tel.: +55-21-3938-2669 (H.S.P.d.S.); +55-21-3938-6565 (R.C.-S.)
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10
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Arvidsson I, Tontanahal A, Johansson K, Kristoffersson AC, Kellnerová S, Berger M, Dobrindt U, Karpman D. Apyrase decreases phage induction and Shiga toxin release from E. coli O157:H7 and has a protective effect during infection. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2122667. [PMID: 36138514 PMCID: PMC9519026 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2122667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) cause gastrointestinal infection and, in severe cases, hemolytic uremic syndrome which may lead to death. There is, to-date, no therapy for this infection. Stx induces ATP release from host cells and ATP signaling mediates its cytotoxic effects. Apyrase cleaves and neutralizes ATP and its effect on Stx and EHEC infection was therefore investigated. Apyrase decreased bacterial RecA and dose-dependently decreased toxin release from E. coli O157:H7 in vitro, demonstrated by reduced phage DNA and protein levels. The effect was investigated in a mouse model of E. coli O157:H7 infection. BALB/c mice infected with Stx2-producing E. coli O157:H7 were treated with apyrase intraperitoneally, on days 0 and 2 post-infection, and monitored for 11 days. Apyrase-treated mice developed disease two days later than untreated mice. Untreated infected mice lost significantly more weight than those treated with apyrase. Apyrase-treated mice exhibited less colonic goblet cell depletion and apoptotic cells, as well as lower fecal ATP and Stx2, compared to untreated mice. Apyrase also decreased platelet aggregation induced by co-incubation of human platelet-rich-plasma with Stx2 and E. coli O157 lipopolysaccharide in the presence of collagen. Thus, apyrase had multiple protective effects, reducing RecA levels, stx2 and toxin release from EHEC, reducing fecal Stx2 and protecting mouse intestinal cells, as well as decreasing platelet activation, and could thereby delay the development of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Arvidsson
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ashmita Tontanahal
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karl Johansson
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Sára Kellnerová
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden,Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Berger
- Institute of Hygiene, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ulrich Dobrindt
- Institute of Hygiene, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Diana Karpman
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden,CONTACT Diana Karpman Department of Pediatrics, Lund University, 22185Lund, Sweden
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11
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Miyanaga K, Asada A, Komoto M, Ohshima Y, Morimoto H, Yasukawa T, Matsuura R, Morito K, Takayama K, Uozumi Y, Nagasawa K. Prophylactic Administration of Magnesium Oxide Prevents Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colonic Injury in Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:1312-1320. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Miyanaga
- Department of Environmental Biochemistry, Division of Biological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
| | - Ayumi Asada
- Department of Environmental Biochemistry, Division of Biological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
| | - Miki Komoto
- Department of Environmental Biochemistry, Division of Biological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
| | - Yasuyuki Ohshima
- Department of Environmental Biochemistry, Division of Biological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
| | | | | | | | - Katsuya Morito
- Department of Environmental Biochemistry, Division of Biological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
| | - Kentaro Takayama
- Department of Environmental Biochemistry, Division of Biological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
| | | | - Kazuki Nagasawa
- Department of Environmental Biochemistry, Division of Biological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
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12
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You R, He X, Zeng Z, Zhan Y, Xiao Y, Xiao R. Pyroptosis and Its Role in Autoimmune Disease: A Potential Therapeutic Target. Front Immunol 2022; 13:841732. [PMID: 35693810 PMCID: PMC9174462 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.841732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are a group of heterogeneous diseases with diverse clinical manifestations that can be divided into systemic and organ-specific. The common etiology of autoimmune diseases is the destruction of immune tolerance and the production of autoantibodies, which attack specific tissues and/or organs in the body. The pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases is complicated, and genetic, environmental, infectious, and even psychological factors work together to cause aberrant innate and adaptive immune responses. Although the exact mechanisms are unclear, recently, excessive exacerbation of pyroptosis, as a bond between innate and adaptive immunity, has been proven to play a crucial role in the development of autoimmune disease. Pyroptosis is characterized by pore formation on cell membranes, as well as cell rupture and the excretion of intracellular contents and pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β and IL-18. This overactive inflammatory programmed cell death disrupts immune system homeostasis and promotes autoimmunity. This review examines the molecular structure of classical inflammasomes, including NLRP3, AIM2, and P2X7-NLRP3, as the switches of pyroptosis, and their molecular regulation mechanisms. The sophisticated pyroptosis pathways, including the canonical caspase-1-mediated pathway, the noncanonical caspase-4/5/11-mediated pathway, the emerging caspase-3-mediated pathway, and the caspase-independent pathway, are also described. We highlight the recent advances in pyroptosis in autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, Sjögren's syndrome and dermatomyositis, and attempt to identify its potential advantages as a therapeutic target or prognostic marker in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixuan You
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinglan He
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhuotong Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Zhan
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yangfan Xiao
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rong Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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13
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Bernardazzi C, Castelo-Branco MTL, Pêgo B, Ribeiro BE, Rosas SLB, Santana PT, Machado JC, Leal C, Thompson F, Coutinho-Silva R, de Souza HSP. The P2X7 Receptor Promotes Colorectal Inflammation and Tumorigenesis by Modulating Gut Microbiota and the Inflammasome. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094616. [PMID: 35563010 PMCID: PMC9099551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Given the role of the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), we investigated its role in the development and progression of colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CA-CRC). Methods: CA-CRC was induced in P2X7R+/+ and P2X7R−/− mice with azoxymethane (AOM) combined with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). In a therapeutic protocol, P2X7R+/+ mice were treated with a P2X7R-selective inhibitor (A740003). Mice were evaluated with follow-up video endoscopy with endoluminal ultrasound biomicroscopy. Colon tissue was analyzed for histological changes, densities of immune cells, expression of transcription factors, cytokines, genes, DNA methylation, and microbiome composition of fecal samples by sequencing for 16S rRNA. Results: The P2X7R+/+ mice displayed more ulcers, tumors, and greater wall thickness, than the P2X7R−/− and the P2X7R+/+ mice treated with A740003. The P2X7R+/+ mice showed increased accumulation of immune cells, production of proinflammatory cytokines, activation of intracellular signaling pathways, and upregulation of NLRP3 and NLRP12 genes, stabilized after the P2X7R-blockade. Microbial changes were observed in the P2X7R−/− and P2X7R+/+-induced mice, partially reversed by the A740003 treatment. Conclusions: Regulatory mechanisms activated downstream of the P2X7R in combination with signals from a dysbiotic microbiota result in the activation of intracellular signaling pathways and the inflammasome, amplifying the inflammatory response and promoting CA-CRC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Bernardazzi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA;
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-913, Brazil; (M.T.L.C.-B.); (B.P.); (B.E.R.); (S.L.B.R.); (P.T.S.)
| | - Morgana Teixeira Lima Castelo-Branco
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-913, Brazil; (M.T.L.C.-B.); (B.P.); (B.E.R.); (S.L.B.R.); (P.T.S.)
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Pêgo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-913, Brazil; (M.T.L.C.-B.); (B.P.); (B.E.R.); (S.L.B.R.); (P.T.S.)
| | - Beatriz Elias Ribeiro
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-913, Brazil; (M.T.L.C.-B.); (B.P.); (B.E.R.); (S.L.B.R.); (P.T.S.)
| | - Siane Lopes Bittencourt Rosas
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-913, Brazil; (M.T.L.C.-B.); (B.P.); (B.E.R.); (S.L.B.R.); (P.T.S.)
| | - Patrícia Teixeira Santana
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-913, Brazil; (M.T.L.C.-B.); (B.P.); (B.E.R.); (S.L.B.R.); (P.T.S.)
| | - João Carlos Machado
- Biomedical Engineering Program, COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil;
| | - Camille Leal
- Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-599, Brazil; (C.L.); (F.T.)
| | - Fabiano Thompson
- Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-599, Brazil; (C.L.); (F.T.)
| | - Robson Coutinho-Silva
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil;
| | - Heitor Siffert Pereira de Souza
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-913, Brazil; (M.T.L.C.-B.); (B.P.); (B.E.R.); (S.L.B.R.); (P.T.S.)
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rua Diniz Cordeiro 30, Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro 22281-100, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-21-39382669
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14
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Taidi Z, Mansfield KJ, Sana-Ur-Rehman H, Moore KH, Liu L. Protective Effect of Purinergic P2X7 Receptor Inhibition on Acrolein-Induced Urothelial Cell Damage. Front Physiol 2022; 13:885545. [PMID: 35492615 PMCID: PMC9041750 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.885545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients undergoing chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide experience cystitis due to excretion of a toxic metabolite, acrolein. Cystitis, an inflammation of the bladder, is associated with damage to the integrity of the urothelial barrier. The purinergic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is increasingly recognized for its role in inflammation and cell death. P2X7R is expressed abundantly on the bladder urothelium. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of P2X7R in acrolein-induced inflammatory damage in primary cultured porcine bladder urothelial cells. Confluent urothelial cells in culture were treated with acrolein to induce damage; also, with the P2X7R selective antagonist, A804598. Cell viability assay, immunocytochemistry, and trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) studies were carried out to investigate the effect of treatments on urothelial cell function. Acrolein induced a significant reduction in urothelial cell viability, which was protected by the presence of A804598 (10 µM). The urothelial barrier function, indicated by TEER values, was also significantly reduced by acrolein, whereas pre-incubation with P2X7R antagonist significantly protected the urothelial cell barrier from acrolein-induced TEER reduction. The structure of urothelial cell tight junctions was similarly impacted by acrolein treatment, showing the fragmentation of zona occludens-1 (ZO-1) immunoreactivity. Pre-treatment of cells with A804598 countered against the actions of acrolein and maintained ZO-1 expression level and cell structure. The damaging effect of acrolein on urothelial cells integrity could be impaired by inhibition of P2X7R, therefore P2X7R blockade may be a possible therapy in patients with bladder cystitis caused by cyclophosphamide treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhinoos Taidi
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kylie J. Mansfield
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Kate H. Moore
- St George Hospital, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lu Liu
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Lu Liu,
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15
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Cheng N, Zhang L, Liu L. Understanding the Role of Purinergic P2X7 Receptors in the Gastrointestinal System: A Systematic Review. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:786579. [PMID: 34987401 PMCID: PMC8721002 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.786579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The role of purinergic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is of interest due to its involvement in inflammation and mediating immune cell responses. P2X7R is particularly implicated in the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the extent of the actions of P2X7R in the gastrointestinal (GI) system under physiological and pathophysiological conditions remains to be elucidated. This systematic review aimed to identify, summarize and evaluate the evidence for a critical role of P2X7R in the GI system. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase and Scopus with search terms pertained to P2X7R in the GI system in disease or physiological state, including “P2X7 or P2X7 receptor or purinergic signaling” in combination with any of the terms “intestine or colon or gut or gastrointestinal,” “pathology or inflammation or disease or disorder,” and “physiology or expression.” Titles and abstracts were screened for potentially eligible full texts, and animal and human studies published in English were included in this study. Data were extracted from papers meeting inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis was not feasible given the study diversity. Results: There were 48 papers included in this review. We identified 14 experimental colitis models, three sepsis models and one ischemia-reperfusion injury model. Among them, 11 studies examined P2X7R in GI infections, six studies on immune cell regulation, four studies on GI inflammation, two studies on GI malignancies, three studies involving intestinal injury due to various causes, two studies on ATP-activated P2X7R in the GI system and two studies on metabolic regulation. Conclusion: Evidence supports P2X7R mediating inflammation and immune cell responses in GI inflammation, infections and injury due to IBD and other challenges to the intestinal wall. P2X7R inhibition by gene knockout or by application of P2X7R antagonists can reduce tissue damage by suppressing inflammation. P2X7R is also implicated in GI malignancies and glucose and lipid homeostasis. P2X7R blockade, however, did not always lead to beneficial outcomes in the various pathological models of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Cheng
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lu Liu
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Lu Liu,
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16
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Magalhães HIR, Castelucci P. Enteric nervous system and inflammatory bowel diseases: Correlated impacts and therapeutic approaches through the P2X7 receptor. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:7909-7924. [PMID: 35046620 PMCID: PMC8678817 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i46.7909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The enteric nervous system (ENS) consists of thousands of small ganglia arranged in the submucosal and myenteric plexuses, which can be negatively affected by Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis - inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). IBDs are complex and multifactorial disorders characterized by chronic and recurrent inflammation of the intestine, and the symptoms of IBDs may include abdominal pain, diarrhea, rectal bleeding, and weight loss. The P2X7 receptor has become a promising therapeutic target for IBDs, especially owing to its wide expression and, in the case of other purinergic receptors, in both human and model animal enteric cells. However, little is known about the actual involvement between the activation of the P2X7 receptor and the cascade of subsequent events and how all these activities associated with chemical signals interfere with the functionality of the affected or treated intestine. In this review, an integrated view is provided, correlating the structural organization of the ENS and the effects of IBDs, focusing on cellular constituents and how therapeutic approaches through the P2X7 receptor can assist in both protection from damage and tissue preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patricia Castelucci
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 08000-000, Brazil
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17
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Yip JL, Balasuriya GK, Spencer SJ, Hill-Yardin EL. The Role of Intestinal Macrophages in Gastrointestinal Homeostasis: Heterogeneity and Implications in Disease. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 12:1701-1718. [PMID: 34506953 PMCID: PMC8551786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal macrophages play a key role in the gut immune system and the regulation of gastrointestinal physiology, including gut motility and secretion. Their ability to keep the gut from chronic inflammation despite constantly facing foreign antigens has been an important focus in gastrointestinal research. However, the heterogeneity of intestinal macrophages has impeded our understanding of their specific roles. It is now becoming clear that subsets of intestinal macrophages play diverse roles in various gastrointestinal diseases. This occurs through a complex interplay between cytokine production and enteric nervous system activation that differs for each pathologic condition. Key diseases and disorders in which intestinal macrophages play a role include postoperative ileus, inflammatory bowel disease, necrotizing enterocolitis, as well as gastrointestinal disorders associated with human immunodeficiency virus and Parkinson's disease. Here, we review the identification of intestinal macrophage subsets based on their origins and functions, how specific subsets regulate gut physiology, and the potential for these heterogeneous subpopulations to contribute to disease states. Furthermore, we outline the potential for these subpopulations to provide unique targets for the development of novel therapies for these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sarah J. Spencer
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, Royal Melbourne Instutite of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elisa L. Hill-Yardin
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Elisa L. Hill-Yardin, PhD, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3083, Australia.
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18
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Fratter A, Biagi D, Giacomini I, Montopoli M, Cocetta V. Novel Adenosine Triphosphate-Based Nutraceutical Formulation to Prevent Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Enteric Cell Toxicity: Preliminary In Vitro Evidence. J Med Food 2021; 24:1293-1303. [PMID: 34491844 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2021.0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most commonly prescribed and self-prescribed drugs to treat inflammation and pain associated with several conditions. Although their efficacy and overall safety have been recognized when used according to medical prescriptions and for a short period time, their acute impact on enteric physiology has rarely been studied. NSAIDs are known to cause gastrointestinal side effects due to their intrinsic mechanism of action, which involves prostaglandins synthesis, leading to impaired mucopolysaccharide layer production. Despite this well-known and investigated side effect, the short- and long-term influences of acute administration of these drugs on the biochemical environment of enteric cells are not well understood. This study investigates the rate of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) loss and permeability alterations occurring in a model of human enteric cells, as a consequence of acute administration of NSAIDs as major perpetrators of enteric toxicity. For the first time, we investigate the ability of a novel ATP-containing formulation to prevent ATP hydrolysis in the stomach and ensure its delivery at the proximal duodenal site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Fratter
- Labomar SPA, Nutraceutical Research and Innovation Department, Istrana, Treviso, Italy.,Italian Society of Nutraceutical Formulators (SIFNut), Castelfranco Veneto, Treviso, Italy
| | - Damiano Biagi
- Labomar SPA, Nutraceutical Research and Innovation Department, Istrana, Treviso, Italy
| | - Isabella Giacomini
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Monica Montopoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Veronica Cocetta
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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19
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Self-tunable engineered yeast probiotics for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Nat Med 2021; 27:1212-1222. [PMID: 34183837 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01390-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complex chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (eATP) produced by the commensal microbiota and host cells activates purinergic signaling, promoting intestinal inflammation and pathology. Based on the role of eATP in intestinal inflammation, we developed yeast-based engineered probiotics that express a human P2Y2 purinergic receptor with up to a 1,000-fold increase in eATP sensitivity. We linked the activation of this engineered P2Y2 receptor to the secretion of the ATP-degrading enzyme apyrase, thus creating engineered yeast probiotics capable of sensing a pro-inflammatory molecule and generating a proportional self-regulated response aimed at its neutralization. These self-tunable yeast probiotics suppressed intestinal inflammation in mouse models of IBD, reducing intestinal fibrosis and dysbiosis with an efficacy similar to or higher than that of standard-of-care therapies usually associated with notable adverse events. By combining directed evolution and synthetic gene circuits, we developed a unique self-modulatory platform for the treatment of IBD and potentially other inflammation-driven pathologies.
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20
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Placet M, Molle CM, Arguin G, Geha S, Gendron FP. The expression of P2Y 6 receptor promotes the quality of mucus in colitic mice. FEBS J 2021; 288:5459-5473. [PMID: 33713543 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In the intestine, mucins are expressed and secreted by goblet cells and enterocytes in a constitutive manner and in response to secretagogues to form a protective mucus layer. This protective barrier is often lost in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Interestingly, extracellular nucleotides, through P2Y receptors, were identified as mucin secretagogues in mucinous epithelia. These nucleotides are found in the intestine's extracellular milieu under basal conditions and in higher concentrations in pathologies such as IBD. It was observed that the mucus layer was affected in P2ry6 knockout mice suffering from dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. P2ry6-/- mice were more sensitive to DSS-induced colitis, resulting in larger ulcers and increased disease activity index. Interestingly, the absence of P2Y6 receptor expression negatively affected the mucus quality, as shown by a reduction in sulfomucin staining and the absence of a dense internal fucosylated mucin layer in P2ry6-/- mice. Hence, we cannot rule out that the absence of P2Y6 receptors in knockout animals could negatively impact mucin secretion. However, we did not measure a reduction in the number of goblet cells, as previously reported. Instead, the results suggest that goblet cells rapidly discharged mucins to compensate for the mucus layer's increased lability, which resulted in empty goblet cells that are less visible to mucin staining. This study's results, along with previous reports, point toward a protective role for the P2Y6 receptor in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Placet
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Caroline M Molle
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Guillaume Arguin
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Sameh Geha
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Fernand-Pierre Gendron
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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21
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Longhi MS, Feng L, Robson SC. Targeting ectonucleotidases to treat inflammation and halt cancer development in the gut. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 187:114417. [PMID: 33460629 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
CD39 and CD73 control cell immunity by hydrolyzing proinflammatory ATP and ADP (CD39) into AMP, subsequently converted into anti-inflammatory adenosine (CD73). By regulating the balance between effector and regulatory cells, these ectonucleotidases promote immune homeostasis in acute and chronic inflammation; while also appearing to limit antitumor effector immunity in gut cancer. This manuscript focuses on the pivotal role of CD39 and CD73 ectonucleotidase function in shaping immune responses in the gut. We focus on those mechanisms deployed by these critical and pivotal ectoenzymes and the regulation in the setting of gastrointestinal tract infections, inflammatory bowel disease and tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. We will highlight translational and clinical implications of the latest and most innovative basic research discoveries of these important players of the purinergic signaling. Immunotherapeutic strategies that have been developed to either boost or control ectonucleotidase expression and activity in important disease settings are also reviewed and the in vivo effects discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Serena Longhi
- Center for Inflammation Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care & Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, 02215 Boston, USA.
| | - Lili Feng
- Center for Inflammation Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care & Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, 02215 Boston, USA; Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Simon C Robson
- Center for Inflammation Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care & Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, 02215 Boston, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, 02215 Boston, USA.
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22
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Libera J, Wittner M, Kantowski M, Woost R, Eberhard JM, de Heer J, Reher D, Huber S, Haag F, Schulze Zur Wiesch J. Decreased Frequency of Intestinal CD39 + γδ + T Cells With Tissue-Resident Memory Phenotype in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 11:567472. [PMID: 33072107 PMCID: PMC7541837 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.567472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The ectoenzymes CD39 and CD73 play a major role in controlling tissue inflammation by regulating the balance between adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine. Still, little is known about the role of these two enzymes and ATP and its metabolites in the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We isolated mononuclear cells from peripheral blood and lamina propria of the large intestine of patients diagnosed with IBD and of healthy volunteers. We then comprehensively analyzed the CD39 and CD73 expression patterns together with markers of activation (HLA-DR, CD38), differentiation (CCR7, CD45RA) and tissue-residency (CD69, CD103, CD49a) on CD4+, CD8+, γδ+ T cells and mucosa-associated invariant T cells using flow cytometry. CD39 expression levels of γδ+ and CD8+ T cells in lamina propria lymphocytes (LPL) were much higher compared to peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Moreover, the frequency of CD39+ CD4+ and CD8+, but not γδ+ LPL positively correlated with T-cell activation. The frequency of CD39+ cells among tissue-resident memory LPL (Trm) was higher compared to non-Trm for all subsets, confirming that CD39 is a marker for the tissue-resident memory phenotype. γδ+ Trm also showed a distinct cytokine profile upon stimulation – the frequency of IFN-γ+ and IL-17A+ cells was significantly lower in γδ+ Trm compared to non-Trm. Interestingly, we observed a decreased frequency of CD39+ γδ+ T cells in IBD patients compared to healthy controls (p = 0.0049). Prospective studies need to elucidate the exact role of this novel CD39+ γδ+ T-cell population with tissue-resident memory phenotype and its possible contribution to the pathogenesis of IBD and other inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Libera
- I. Department of Medicine, Infectious Disease Unit, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Wittner
- I. Department of Medicine, Infectious Disease Unit, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg Lübeck Borstel Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Kantowski
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robin Woost
- I. Department of Medicine, Infectious Disease Unit, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg Lübeck Borstel Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johanna M Eberhard
- I. Department of Medicine, Infectious Disease Unit, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg Lübeck Borstel Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jocelyn de Heer
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Reher
- I. Department of Medicine, Infectious Disease Unit, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Samuel Huber
- I. Department of Medicine, Infectious Disease Unit, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Friedrich Haag
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julian Schulze Zur Wiesch
- I. Department of Medicine, Infectious Disease Unit, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg Lübeck Borstel Riems, Hamburg, Germany
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23
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Wang W, Huang F, Jiang W, Wang W, Xiang J. Brilliant blue G attenuates neuro-inflammation via regulating MAPKs and NF-κB signaling pathways in lipopolysaccharide-induced BV2 microglia cells. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:116. [PMID: 33005242 PMCID: PMC7523273 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that the P2X purinoceptor 7 (P2X7) receptor (P2X7R) serves a critical role in regulating the inflammatory response of various diseases in the central nervous system. The anti-inflammatory effect of brilliant blue G (BBG), a specific antagonist of the P2X7R, remains unclear in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced BV-2 cells. The present study suggested that BBG attenuated the neuroinflammatory response; the protein levels of inducible oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2, and the mRNA and secretion levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-16, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), were all decreased in LPS-induced BV2 cells. BBG inhibited the activation of MAPKs by inhibiting the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase. Notably, transcription factor p65 nuclear translocation was also inhibited, thereby leading to the inactivation of NF-κB. The inhibitory effects of BBG on MAPKs and NF-κB were additionally enhanced through the application of MAPK and NF-κB inhibitors. Taken together, the results demonstrated that BBG contributed to the suppression of the inflammatory effects in LPS-induced BV2 cells via the inhibition of NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China.,School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Feiran Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Weifeng Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The Second People's Hospital of Quzhou, Quzhou, Zhejiang, 324000, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China.,School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Jie Xiang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China.,School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
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24
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da Silva Ferreira NC, Alves LA, Soares-Bezerra RJ. Potential Therapeutic Applications of P2 Receptor Antagonists: From Bench to Clinical Trials. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 20:919-937. [PMID: 30760187 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666190213095923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular purines and pyrimidines have important physiological functions in mammals. Purines and pyrimidines act on P1 and P2 purinergic receptors, which are widely expressed in the plasma membrane in various cell types. P2 receptors act as important therapeutic targets and are associated with several disorders, such as pain, neurodegeneration, cancer, inflammation, and thrombosis. However, the use of antagonists for P2 receptors in clinical therapy, with the exception of P2Y12, is a great challenge. Currently, many research groups and pharmaceutical companies are working on the development of specific antagonist molecules for each receptor subtype that could be used as new medicines to treat their respective disorders. OBJECTIVE The present review compiles some interesting findings on the application of P2 receptor antagonists in different in vitro and in vivo experimental models as well as the progress of advanced clinical trials with these compounds. CONCLUSION Despite all of the exciting results obtained on the bench, few antagonists of P2 receptors advanced to the clinical trials, and once they reach this stage, the effectiveness of the therapy is not guaranteed, as in the example of P2X7 antagonists. Despite this, P2Y12 receptor antagonists have a history of success and have been used in therapy for at least two decades to prevent thrombosis in patients at risk for myocardial infarctions. This breakthrough is the motivation for scientists to develop new drugs with antagonistic activity for the other P2 receptors; thus, in a matter of years, we will have an evolution in the field of purinergic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natiele C da Silva Ferreira
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, 21040- 360, Brazil
| | - Luiz A Alves
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, 21040- 360, Brazil
| | - Rômulo J Soares-Bezerra
- Laboratory of Technological Development in Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil
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25
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Brown EM, Kenny DJ, Xavier RJ. Gut Microbiota Regulation of T Cells During Inflammation and Autoimmunity. Annu Rev Immunol 2020; 37:599-624. [PMID: 31026411 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-042718-041841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota plays a crucial role in influencing the development of host immunity, and in turn the immune system also acts to regulate the microbiota through intestinal barrier maintenance and immune exclusion. Normally, these interactions are homeostatic, tightly controlled, and organized by both innate and adaptive immune responses. However, a combination of environmental exposures and genetic defects can result in a break in tolerance and intestinal homeostasis. The outcomes of these interactions at the mucosal interface have broad, systemic effects on host immunity and the development of chronic inflammatory or autoimmune disease. The underlying mechanisms and pathways the microbiota can utilize to regulate these diseases are just starting to emerge. Here, we discuss the recent evidence in this area describing the impact of microbiota-immune interactions during inflammation and autoimmunity, with a focus on barrier function and CD4+ T cell regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Brown
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA; , .,Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Douglas J Kenny
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA; , .,Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA; , .,Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.,Gastrointestinal Unit, Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA;
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26
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Coccurello R, Volonté C. P2X7 Receptor in the Management of Energy Homeostasis: Implications for Obesity, Dyslipidemia, and Insulin Resistance. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:199. [PMID: 32528404 PMCID: PMC7247848 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole-body energy metabolism entails the highly regulated balance between food intake, nutrient breakdown, energy generation (ATP), and energy storage for the preservation of vital functions and body mass. Purinergic signaling has attracted increasing attention in the regulatory mechanisms not only for the reverse processes of white adipose tissue lipogenesis and lipolysis, but also for brown adipocyte-dependent thermogenesis and leptin production. This regulatory role has remarkable implications in the handling of body's energy expenditure and energy reservoir. Hence, selected purinergic receptors can play a relevant function in lipid metabolism, endocrine activity, glucose uptake, ATP-dependent increased expression of uncoupling protein 1, and browning of adipose tissue. Indeed, purinergic P2 receptors regulate adipogenesis and lipid metabolism and are involved in adipogenic differentiation. In particular, the ionotropic ATP-activated P2X7 subtype is involved in fat distribution, as well as in the modulation of inflammatory pathways in white adipose tissue. Within this context, very recent evidence has established a direct function of P2X7 in energy metabolism. Specifically, either genetic deletion (P2X7 knockout mice) or subchronic pharmacological inhibition of the receptor produces a decrease of whole-body energy expenditure and, concurrently, an increase of carbohydrate oxidation. As further evidence, lipid accumulation, increased fat mass distribution, and weight gain are reported in P2X7-depleted mice. Conversely, the stimulation of P2X7 enhances energy expenditure. Altogether, this knowledge supports the role of P2X7 signaling in the fight against obesity and insulin resistance, as well as in the promotion of adaptive thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Coccurello
- Institute for Complex System (ISC), National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
- Preclinical Neuroscience, European Center for Brain Research (CERC)/IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Volonté
- Preclinical Neuroscience, European Center for Brain Research (CERC)/IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science, National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
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27
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P2X1 Selective Antagonists Block HIV-1 Infection through Inhibition of Envelope Conformation-Dependent Fusion. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.01622-19. [PMID: 31852781 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01622-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Purinergic receptors are well-established modulators of inflammatory processes, primarily through detection of extracellular nucleotides that are released by dying or infected cells. Emerging literature has demonstrated that inhibition of these inflammatory receptors can block HIV-1 productive infection and HIV-1-associated inflammation. The specificity of receptor type and mechanism of interaction has not yet been determined. Here, we characterize the inhibitory activity of P2X1 receptor antagonists, NF279 and NF449, in cell lines, primary cells, and a variety of HIV-1 envelope (Env) clades. NF279 and NF449 blocked productive infection at the level of viral membrane fusion, with a range of inhibitory activities against different HIV-1 Env isolates. A mutant virus carrying a truncation deletion of the C-terminal tail of HIV-1 Env glycoprotein 41 (gp41) showed reduced sensitivity to P2X1 antagonists, indicating that the sensitivity of inhibition by these molecules may be modulated by Env conformation. In contrast, a P2X7 antagonist, A438079, had a limited effect on productive infection and fusion. NF279 and NF449 interfered with the ability of the gp120 variable regions 1 and 2 (V1V2)-targeted broadly neutralizing antibody PG9 to block productive infection, suggesting that these drugs may antagonize HIV-1 Env at gp120 V1V2 to block viral membrane fusion. Our observations indicate that P2X1 antagonism can inhibit HIV-1 replication at the level of viral membrane fusion through interaction with Env. Future studies will probe the nature of these compounds in inhibiting HIV-1 fusion and the development of small molecules to block HIV-1 entry via this mechanism.IMPORTANCE While effective treatment can lower the severe morbidity and mortality associated with HIV-1 infection, patients infected with HIV-1 suffer from significantly higher rates of noncommunicable comorbidities associated with chronic inflammation. Emerging literature suggests a key role for P2X1 receptors in mediating this chronic inflammation, but the mechanism is still unknown. Here, we demonstrate that HIV-1 infection is reduced by P2X1 receptor antagonism. This inhibition is mediated by interference with HIV-1 Env and can impact a variety of viral clades. These observations highlight the importance of P2X1 antagonists as potential novel therapeutics that could serve to block a variety of different viral clades with additional benefits for their anti-inflammatory properties.
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Eberhardt N, Sanmarco LM, Bergero G, Theumer MG, García MC, Ponce NE, Cano RC, Aoki MP. Deficiency of CD73 activity promotes protective cardiac immunity against Trypanosoma cruzi infection but permissive environment in visceral adipose tissue. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1866:165592. [PMID: 31678157 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.165592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Damaged cells release the pro-inflammatory signal ATP, which is degraded by the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 to the anti-inflammatory mediator adenosine (ADO). The balance between ATP/ADO is known to determine the outcome of inflammation/infection. However, modulation of the local immune response in different tissues due to changes in the balance of purinergic metabolites has yet to be investigated. Here, we explored the contribution of CD73-derived ADO on the acute immune response against Trypanosoma cruzi parasite, which invades and proliferates within different target tissues. Deficiency of CD73 activity led to an enhanced cardiac microbicidal immune response with an augmented frequency of macrophages with inflammatory phenotype and increased CD8+ T cell effector functions. The increment of local inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS)+ macrophages and the consequent rise of myocardial NO production in association with reduced ADO levels induced protection against T. cruzi infection as observed by the diminished cardiac parasite burden compared to their wild-type (WT) counterpart. Unexpectedly, parasitemia was substantially raised in CD73KO mice in comparison with WT mice, suggesting the existence of tissue reservoir/s outside myocardium. Indeed, CD73KO liver and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) showed increased parasite burden associated with a reduced ATP/ADO ratio and the lack of substantial microbicidal immune response. These data reveal that the purinergic system has a tissue-dependent impact on the host immune response against T. cruzi infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Eberhardt
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina; Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Liliana Maria Sanmarco
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina; Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Gastón Bergero
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina; Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Martín Gustavo Theumer
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina; Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Mónica Cristina García
- Unidad de Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Nicolas Eric Ponce
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Roxana Carolina Cano
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; Unidad Asociada Área Ciencias Agrarias, Ingeniería, Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Maria Pilar Aoki
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina; Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
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29
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Neurath MF, Leppkes M. Resolution of ulcerative colitis. Semin Immunopathol 2019; 41:747-756. [DOI: 10.1007/s00281-019-00751-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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30
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Antonioli L, Blandizzi C, Pacher P, Haskó G. The Purinergic System as a Pharmacological Target for the Treatment of Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases. Pharmacol Rev 2019; 71:345-382. [PMID: 31235653 PMCID: PMC6592405 DOI: 10.1124/pr.117.014878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) encompass a wide range of seemingly unrelated conditions, such as multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel diseases, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Despite differing etiologies, these diseases share common inflammatory pathways, which lead to damage in primary target organs and frequently to a plethora of systemic effects as well. The purinergic signaling complex comprising extracellular nucleotides and nucleosides and their receptors, the P2 and P1 purinergic receptors, respectively, as well as catabolic enzymes and nucleoside transporters is a major regulatory system in the body. The purinergic signaling complex can regulate the development and course of IMIDs. Here we provide a comprehensive review on the role of purinergic signaling in controlling immunity, inflammation, and organ function in IMIDs. In addition, we discuss the possible therapeutic applications of drugs acting on purinergic pathways, which have been entering clinical development, to manage patients suffering from IMIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Antonioli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy (L.A., C.B.); Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland (P.P.); and Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, New York (G.H.)
| | - Corrado Blandizzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy (L.A., C.B.); Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland (P.P.); and Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, New York (G.H.)
| | - Pál Pacher
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy (L.A., C.B.); Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland (P.P.); and Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, New York (G.H.)
| | - György Haskó
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy (L.A., C.B.); Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland (P.P.); and Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, New York (G.H.)
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Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic nonspecific inflammatory disease of the intestine. Its pathogenesis is not yet fully understood. It may be related to heredity, environmental triggers, infection, immune dysfunction and other factors. Purinergic receptor (P2X7R) ligand-gated ion channel is closely related to inflammation and widely expressed in intestinal cells. Previous studies have shown that ATP/P2X7R signal is involved in the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation, but its specific mechanism needs further study. This article reviews the research progress of P2X7 receptor in inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Liu
- a Department of Gastroenterology , Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- a Department of Gastroenterology , Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , China
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32
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Taidi Z, Mansfield KJ, Bates L, Sana-Ur-Rehman H, Liu L. Purinergic P2X7 receptors as therapeutic targets in interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome; key role of ATP signaling in inflammation. Bladder (San Franc) 2019; 6:e38. [PMID: 32775480 PMCID: PMC7401983 DOI: 10.14440/bladder.2019.789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is a chronic lower urinary tract condition. Patients with IC/BPS suffer from debilitating pain and urinary urgency. The underlying etiology of IC/BPS is unknown and as such current treatments are mostly symptomatic with no real cure. Many theories have been proposed to describe the etiology of IC/BPS, but this review focuses on the role of inflammation. In IC/BPS patients, the permeability of the urothelium barrier is compromised and inflammatory cells infiltrate the bladder wall. There are increased levels of many inflammatory mediators in patients with IC/BPS and symptoms such as pain and urgency that have been associated with the degree of inflammation. Recent evidence has highlighted the role of purinergic receptors, specifically the P2X7 receptor, in the process of inflammation. The results from studies in animals including cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis strongly support the role of P2X7 receptors in inflammation. Furthermore, the deletion of the P2X7 receptor or antagonism of this receptor significantly reduces inflammatory mediator release from the bladder and improves symptoms. Research results from IC/BPS patients and animal models of IC/BPS strongly support the crucial role of inflammation in the pathophysiology of this painful disease. Purinergic signaling and purinergic receptors, especially the P2X7 receptor, play an undisputed role in inflammation. Purinergic receptor antagonists show positive results in treating different symptoms of IC/BPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhinoos Taidi
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Kylie J Mansfield
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Lucy Bates
- Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Hafiz Sana-Ur-Rehman
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Lu Liu
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
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33
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Vita AA, Royse EA, Pullen NA. Nanoparticles and danger signals: Oral delivery vehicles as potential disruptors of intestinal barrier homeostasis. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 106:95-103. [PMID: 30924969 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3mir1118-414rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut immune system homeostasis involves diverse structural interactions among resident microbiota, the protective mucus layer, and a variety of cells (intestinal epithelial, lymphoid, and myeloid). Due to the substantial surface area in direct contact with an "external" environment and the diversity of xenobiotic, abiotic, and self-interactions coordinating to maintain gut homeostasis, there is enhanced potential for the generation of endogenous danger signals when this balance is lost. Here, we focus on the potential generation and reception of damage in the gut resulting from exposure to nanoparticles (NPs), common food and drug additives. Specifically, we describe recent evidence in the literature showing that certain NPs are potential generators of damage-associated molecular patterns, as well as potential immune-stimulating molecular patterns themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra A Vita
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, Colorado, USA
| | - Emily A Royse
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, Colorado, USA
| | - Nicholas A Pullen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, Colorado, USA
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34
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Abstract
Redox signalling in the gastrointestinal mucosa is held in an intricate balance. Potent microbicidal mechanisms can be used by infiltrating immune cells, such as neutrophils, to protect compromised mucosae from microbial infection through the generation of reactive oxygen species. Unchecked, collateral damage to the surrounding tissue from neutrophil-derived reactive oxygen species can be detrimental; thus, maintenance and restitution of a breached intestinal mucosal barrier are paramount to host survival. Redox reactions and redox signalling have been studied for decades with a primary focus on contributions to disease processes. Within the past decade, an upsurge of exciting findings have implicated subtoxic levels of oxidative stress in processes such as maintenance of mucosal homeostasis, the control of protective inflammation and even regulation of tissue wound healing. Resident gut microbial communities have been shown to trigger redox signalling within the mucosa, which expresses similar but distinct enzymes to phagocytes. At the fulcrum of this delicate balance is the colonic mucosal epithelium, and emerging evidence suggests that precise control of redox signalling by these barrier-forming cells may dictate the outcome of an inflammatory event. This Review will address both the spectrum and intensity of redox activity pertaining to host-immune and host-microbiota crosstalk during homeostasis and disease processes in the gastrointestinal tract.
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35
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Inhibition of ASM activity ameliorates DSS-induced colitis in mice. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2019; 140:26-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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36
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Vuerich M, Harshe RP, Robson SC, Longhi MS. Dysregulation of Adenosinergic Signaling in Systemic and Organ-Specific Autoimmunity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030528. [PMID: 30691212 PMCID: PMC6386992 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Exact causes for autoimmune diseases remain unclear and no cures are available. Breakdown of immunotolerance could set the stage for unfettered immune responses that target self-antigens. Impaired regulatory immune mechanisms could have permissive roles in autoreactivity. Abnormal regulatory immune cell function, therefore, might be a major determinant of the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease. All current treatments are associated with some level of clinical toxicity. Treatment to specifically target dysregulated immunity in these diseases would be a great advance. Extracellular adenosine is a signaling mediator that suppresses inflammation through activation of P1 receptors, most active under pathological conditions. Mounting evidence has linked alterations in the generation of adenosine from extracellular nucleotides by ectonucleotidases, and associated perturbations in purinergic signaling, to the immunological disruption and loss of immunotolerance in autoimmunity. Targeted modulation of the purinergic signaling by either targeting ectonucleotidases or modulating P1 purinergic receptors could therefore restore the balance between autoreactive immune responses; and thereby allow reestablishment of immunotolerance. We review the roles of CD39 and CD73 ectoenzymes in inflammatory states and with the dysregulation of P1 receptor signaling in systemic and organ-specific autoimmunity. Correction of such perturbations could be exploited in potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Vuerich
- Department of Anesthesia, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Rasika P Harshe
- Department of Anesthesia, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Simon C Robson
- Department of Anesthesia, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Maria Serena Longhi
- Department of Anesthesia, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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37
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Crittenden S, Cheyne A, Adams A, Forster T, Robb CT, Felton J, Ho G, Ruckerl D, Rossi AG, Anderton SM, Ghazal P, Satsangi J, Howie SE, Yao C. Purine metabolism controls innate lymphoid cell function and protects against intestinal injury. Immunol Cell Biol 2018; 96:1049-1059. [PMID: 29758102 PMCID: PMC6248310 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a condition of chronic inflammatory intestinal disorder with increasing prevalence but limited effective therapies. The purine metabolic pathway is involved in various inflammatory processes including IBD. However, the mechanisms through which purine metabolism modulates IBD remain to be established. Here, we found that mucosal expression of genes involved in the purine metabolic pathway is altered in patients with active ulcerative colitis (UC), which is associated with elevated gene expression signatures of the group 3 innate lymphoid cell (ILC3)-interleukin (IL)-22 pathway. In mice, blockade of ectonucleotidases (NTPDases), critical enzymes for purine metabolism by hydrolysis of extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (eATP) into adenosine, exacerbates dextran-sulfate sodium-induced intestinal injury. This exacerbation of colitis is associated with reduction of colonic IL-22-producing ILC3s, which afford essential protection against intestinal inflammation, and is rescued by exogenous IL-22. Mechanistically, activation of ILC3s for IL-22 production is reciprocally mediated by eATP and adenosine. These findings reveal that the NTPDase-mediated balance between eATP and adenosine regulates ILC3 cell function to provide protection against intestinal injury and suggest potential therapeutic strategies for treating IBD by targeting the purine-ILC3 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan Crittenden
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Inflammation ResearchQueen's Medical Research InstituteThe University of EdinburghEdinburghEH16 4TJUK
| | - Ashleigh Cheyne
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Inflammation ResearchQueen's Medical Research InstituteThe University of EdinburghEdinburghEH16 4TJUK
| | - Alexander Adams
- Gastrointestinal UnitInstitute of Genetics and Molecular MedicineWestern General HospitalThe University of EdinburghEdinburghEH4 2XUUK
| | - Thorsten Forster
- Division of Pathway MedicineEdinburgh Infectious DiseasesThe University of EdinburghEdinburghEH16 4SBUK
| | - Calum T Robb
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Inflammation ResearchQueen's Medical Research InstituteThe University of EdinburghEdinburghEH16 4TJUK
| | - Jennifer Felton
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Inflammation ResearchQueen's Medical Research InstituteThe University of EdinburghEdinburghEH16 4TJUK
| | - Gwo‐Tzer Ho
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Inflammation ResearchQueen's Medical Research InstituteThe University of EdinburghEdinburghEH16 4TJUK
| | - Dominik Ruckerl
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthSchool of Biological SciencesThe University of ManchesterManchesterM13 9PTUK
| | - Adriano G Rossi
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Inflammation ResearchQueen's Medical Research InstituteThe University of EdinburghEdinburghEH16 4TJUK
| | - Stephen M Anderton
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Inflammation ResearchQueen's Medical Research InstituteThe University of EdinburghEdinburghEH16 4TJUK
| | - Peter Ghazal
- Division of Pathway MedicineEdinburgh Infectious DiseasesThe University of EdinburghEdinburghEH16 4SBUK
- Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology (SynthSys)The University of EdinburghEdinburghEH9 3JDUK
| | - Jack Satsangi
- Gastrointestinal UnitInstitute of Genetics and Molecular MedicineWestern General HospitalThe University of EdinburghEdinburghEH4 2XUUK
| | - Sarah E Howie
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Inflammation ResearchQueen's Medical Research InstituteThe University of EdinburghEdinburghEH16 4TJUK
| | - Chengcan Yao
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Inflammation ResearchQueen's Medical Research InstituteThe University of EdinburghEdinburghEH16 4TJUK
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38
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Yu T, Wan P, Zhu XD, Ren YP, Wang C, Yan RW, Guo Y, Bai AP. Inhibition of NADPH oxidase activities ameliorates DSS-induced colitis. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 158:126-133. [PMID: 30321511 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
NADPH oxidases (NOX) act to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and exhibit microbicidal bioactivity, whereas their roles in mediating immune responses of inflammation in intestine remain to be further elucidated. The study was performed to explore the effects of NOX activity on regulation of macrophage functions. Macrophage responses were induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in RAW 264.7 cells (in vitro) or dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in BALB/c mice (in vivo) respectively. LPS induced NOX2 expression and initiated NOX activities in RAW 264.7 cells. Conversely, inhibition of NOX activity by DPI and VAS2870 diminished LPS induced NOX activities and the downstream signaling in RAW 264.7 cells. Murine colitis was characterized by macrophage accumulation and elevation of NOX activities in colon tissues. DPI and VAS2870 administration overrode NOX activities and ROS productions in colon tissues, and ameliorated DSS-induced colitis evidenced with the reduced disease activities and the decreased cytokine levels. Intriguingly, NOX2 expression levels were elevated in colon tissues of patients with active inflammatory bowel disease. Together, our data show a crucial role of NOX activity in regulation of macrophage functions and responses, and suggest that NOX represents a novel therapeutic approach for the management of immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Ping Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Zhu
- Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266555, China
| | - Yu-Ping Ren
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Run-Wei Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yuan Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Ai-Ping Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.
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39
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ATP/P2X7 receptor signaling as a potential anti-inflammatory target of natural polyphenols. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204229. [PMID: 30248132 PMCID: PMC6152980 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immune cells, such as macrophages, respond to pathogen-associated molecular patterns, such as a lipopolysaccharide (LPS), to secrete various inflammatory mediators. Recent studies have suggested that damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), released extracellularly from damaged or immune cells, also play a role in the activation of inflammatory responses. In this study, to prevent excess inflammation, we focused on DAMPs-mediated signaling that promotes LPS-stimulated inflammatory responses, especially adenosine 5’-triphosphate (ATP)-triggered signaling through the ionotropic purinergic receptor 7 (P2X7R), as a potential new anti-inflammatory target of natural polyphenols. We focused on the phenomenon that ATP accelerates the production of inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide, in LPS-stimulated J774.1 mouse macrophages. Using an siRNA-mediated knockdown and specific antagonist, it was found that the ATP-induced enhanced inflammatory responses were mediated through P2X7R. We then screened 42 polyphenols for inhibiting the ATP/P2X7R-induced calcium influx, and found that several polyphenols exhibited significant inhibitory effects. Especially, a flavonoid baicalein significantly inhibited ATP-induced inflammation, including interleukin-1β secretion, through inhibition of the ATP/P2X7R signaling. These findings suggest that ATP/P2X7R signaling plays an important role in excess inflammatory responses and could be a potential anti-inflammatory target of natural polyphenolic compounds.
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40
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Diezmos EF, Markus I, Perera DS, Gan S, Zhang L, Sandow SL, Bertrand PP, Liu L. Blockade of Pannexin-1 Channels and Purinergic P2X7 Receptors Shows Protective Effects Against Cytokines-Induced Colitis of Human Colonic Mucosa. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:865. [PMID: 30127744 PMCID: PMC6087744 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The pannexin-1 (Panx1) channels are found in many cell types, and ATP released from these channels can act on nearby cells activating purinergic P2X7 receptors (P2X7R) which lead to inflammation. Although Panx1 and P2X7R are implicated in the process of inflammation and cell death, few studies have looked at the role they play in inflammatory bowel disease in human. Hence, the aim of the present study was to investigate the function of Panx1 and P2X7R in an ex vivo colitis model developed from human colonic mucosal explants. Materials and Methods: Healthy human colonic mucosal strips (4 × 10 mm) were incubated in carbogenated culture medium at 37°C for 16 h. Proinflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL-1β (each 10 ng/mL) were used to induce colitis in mucosal strips, and the effects of Panx1 and P2X7R on cytokines-induced tissue damage were determined in the presence of the Panx1 channel blocker 10Panx1 (100 μM) and P2X7R antagonist A438079 (100 μM). The effects of 10Panx1 and A438079 on cytokines-enhanced epithelial permeability were also studied using Caco-2 cells. Results: Histological staining showed that the mucosal strips had severe structural damage in the cytokines-only group but not in the incubation-control group (P < 0.01). Compared to the cytokines-only group, crypt damage was significantly decreased in groups receiving cytokines with inhibitors (10Panx1, A438079, or 10Panx1 + A438079, P < 0.05). The immunoreactive signals of tight junction protein zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) were abundant in all control tissues but were significantly disrupted and lost in the cytokines-only group (P < 0.01). The diminished ZO-1 immunoreactivity induced by cytokines was prevented in the presence of 10Panx1 (P = 0.04). Likewise, 10Panx1 significantly attenuated the cytokines-evoked increase in paracellular permeability of Caco-2 cells. Although the inhibition of P2X7R activity by A438079 diminished cytokines-induced crypt damage, its effect on the maintenance of ZO-1 immunoreactivity and Caco-2 epithelial cell integrity was less evident. Conclusion: The blockade of Panx1 and P2X7R reduced the inflammatory cytokines-induced crypt damage, loss of tight junctions and increase in cell permeability. Thus, Panx1 and P2X7R may have roles in causing mucosal damage, a common clinical feature of inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica F Diezmos
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Irit Markus
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - D S Perera
- Sydney Colorectal Associates, Hurstville, NSW, Australia
| | - Steven Gan
- Sydney Colorectal Associates, Hurstville, NSW, Australia
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shaun L Sandow
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Inflammation and Healing Cluster, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Paul P Bertrand
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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41
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The therapeutic potential of purinergic signalling. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 151:157-165. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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42
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Al-Khalidi R, Panicucci C, Cox P, Chira N, Róg J, Young CNJ, McGeehan RE, Ambati K, Ambati J, Zabłocki K, Gazzerro E, Arkle S, Bruno C, Górecki DC. Zidovudine ameliorates pathology in the mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy via P2RX7 purinoceptor antagonism. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2018; 6:27. [PMID: 29642926 PMCID: PMC5896059 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-018-0530-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common inherited muscle disorder that causes severe disability and death of young men. This disease is characterized by progressive muscle degeneration aggravated by sterile inflammation and is also associated with cognitive impairment and low bone density. Given that no current treatment can improve the long-term outcome, approaches with a strong translational potential are urgently needed. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) alters P2RX7 signaling in both muscle and inflammatory cells and inhibition of this receptor resulted in a significant attenuation of muscle and non-muscle symptoms in DMDmdx mouse model. As P2RX7 is an attractive target in a range of human diseases, specific antagonists have been developed. Yet, these will require lengthy safety testing in the pediatric population of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients. In contrast, Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs) can act as P2RX7 antagonists and are drugs with an established safety record, including in children. We demonstrate here that AZT (Zidovudine) inhibits P2RX7 functions acting via the same allosteric site as other antagonists. Moreover, short-term AZT treatment at the peak of disease in DMDmdx mice attenuated the phenotype without any detectable side effects. Recovery was evident in the key parameters such as reduced sarcolemma permeability confirmed by lower serum creatine kinase levels and IgG influx into myofibres, decreased inflammatory cell numbers and inflammation markers in leg and heart muscles of treated mice. Moreover, this short-term therapy had some positive impact on muscle strength in vivo and no detrimental effect on mitochondria, which is the main side-effect of Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs). Given these results, we postulate that AZT could be quickly re-purposed for the treatment of this highly debilitating and lethal disease. This approach is not constrained by causative DMD mutations and may be effective in alleviating both muscle and non-muscle abnormalities.
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43
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Dal Ben D, Antonioli L, Lambertucci C, Fornai M, Blandizzi C, Volpini R. Purinergic Ligands as Potential Therapeutic Tools for the Treatment of Inflammation-Related Intestinal Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:212. [PMID: 29593540 PMCID: PMC5861216 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation-related intestinal diseases are a set of various conditions presenting an overactive enteric immune system. A continuous overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and a decreased production of anti-inflammatory modulators are generally observed, while morpho-functional alterations of the enteric nervous system lead to intestinal secretory and motor dysfunctions. The factors at the basis of these conditions are still to be totally identified and current therapeutic strategies are aimed only at achieving and maintaining remission states, by using therapeutic tools like aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, immunomodulators, biological drugs (i.e., monoclonal antibodies), and eventually surgery. Recent reports described a key role of purinergic mediators (i.e., adenosine and its nucleotides ATP and ADP) in the regulation of the activity of immune cells and enteric nervous system, showing also that alterations of the purinergic signaling are linked to pathological conditions of the intestinal tract. These data prompted to a series of investigations to test the therapeutic potential for inflammation-related intestinal conditions of compounds able to restore or modulate an altered purinergic signaling within the gut. This review provides an overview on these investigations, describing the results of preclinical and/or clinical evaluation of compounds able to stimulate or inhibit specific P2 (i.e., P2X7) or P1 (i.e., A2A or A3) receptor signaling and to modify the adenosine levels through the modulation of enzymes activity (i.e., Adenosine Deaminase) or nucleoside transporters. Recent developments in the field are also reported and the most promising purine-based therapeutic strategies for the treatment of inflammation-related gastrointestinal disorders are schematically summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Dal Ben
- Medicinal Chemistry Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Luca Antonioli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Catia Lambertucci
- Medicinal Chemistry Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Matteo Fornai
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Corrado Blandizzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rosaria Volpini
- Medicinal Chemistry Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
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44
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Allsopp RC, Dayl S, Bin Dayel A, Schmid R, Evans RJ. Mapping the Allosteric Action of Antagonists A740003 and A438079 Reveals a Role for the Left Flipper in Ligand Sensitivity at P2X7 Receptors. Mol Pharmacol 2018. [PMID: 29535152 PMCID: PMC5896373 DOI: 10.1124/mol.117.111021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) activation requires ∼100-fold higher concentrations of ATP than other P2X receptor (P2XR) subtypes. Such high levels are found during cellular stress, and P2X7Rs consequently contribute to a range of pathophysiological conditions. We have used chimeric and mutant P2X7Rs, coupled with molecular modeling, to produce a validated model of the binding mode of the subtype-selective antagonist A438079 at an intersubunit allosteric site. Within the allosteric site large effects on antagonist action were found for point mutants of residues F88A, D92A, F95A, and F103A that were conserved or similar between sensitive/insensitive P2XR subtypes, suggesting that these side-chain interactions were not solely responsible for high-affinity antagonist binding. Antagonist sensitivity was increased with mutations that remove the bulk of side chains around the center of the binding pocket, suggesting that the dimensions of the pocket make a significant contribution to selectivity. Chimeric receptors swapping the left flipper (around the orthosteric site) reduced both ATP and antagonist sensitivity. Point mutations within this region highlighted the contribution of a P2X7R-specific aspartic acid residue (D280) that modeling suggests forms a salt bridge with the lower body region of the receptor. The D280A mutant removing this charge increased ATP potency 15-fold providing a new insight into the low ATP sensitivity of the P2X7R. The ortho- and allosteric binding sites form either side of the β-strand Y291-E301 adjacent to the left flipper. This structural linking may explain the contribution of the left flipper to both agonist and antagonist action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C Allsopp
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology (R.C.A., S.D., A.B.D., R.S., R.J.E.) and Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology (R.S.), University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; and Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq (S.D.)
| | - Sudad Dayl
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology (R.C.A., S.D., A.B.D., R.S., R.J.E.) and Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology (R.S.), University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; and Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq (S.D.)
| | - Anfal Bin Dayel
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology (R.C.A., S.D., A.B.D., R.S., R.J.E.) and Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology (R.S.), University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; and Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq (S.D.)
| | - Ralf Schmid
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology (R.C.A., S.D., A.B.D., R.S., R.J.E.) and Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology (R.S.), University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; and Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq (S.D.)
| | - Richard J Evans
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology (R.C.A., S.D., A.B.D., R.S., R.J.E.) and Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology (R.S.), University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; and Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq (S.D.)
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45
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Burnstock G, Knight GE. The potential of P2X7 receptors as a therapeutic target, including inflammation and tumour progression. Purinergic Signal 2018; 14:1-18. [PMID: 29164451 PMCID: PMC5842154 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-017-9593-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Seven P2X ion channel nucleotide receptor subtypes have been cloned and characterised. P2X7 receptors (P2X7R) are unusual in that there are extra amino acids in the intracellular C terminus. Low concentrations of ATP open cation channels sometimes leading to cell proliferation, whereas high concentrations of ATP open large pores that release inflammatory cytokines and can lead to apoptotic cell death. Since many diseases involve inflammation and immune responses, and the P2X7R regulates inflammation, there has been recent interest in the pathophysiological roles of P2X7R and the potential of P2X7R antagonists to treat a variety of diseases. These include neurodegenerative diseases, psychiatric disorders, epilepsy and a number of diseases of peripheral organs, including the cardiovascular, airways, kidney, liver, bladder, skin and musculoskeletal. The potential of P2X7R drugs to treat tumour progression is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Burnstock
- Autonomic Neuroscience Centre, University College Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK.
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Gillian E Knight
- Autonomic Neuroscience Centre, University College Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK
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Durand M, Dubois F, Dejou C, Durand E, Danger R, Chesneau M, Brosseau C, Guerif P, Soulillou JP, Degauque N, Eliaou JF, Giral M, Bonnefoy N, Brouard S. Increased degradation of ATP is driven by memory regulatory T cells in kidney transplantation tolerance. Kidney Int 2018; 93:1154-1164. [PMID: 29455908 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells were recently proposed as the central actor in operational tolerance after renal transplantation. Tolerant patients harbor increased FoxP3hi memory Treg frequency and increased demethylation in the Foxp3 Treg-specific demethylated region when compared to stable kidney recipients and exhibit greater memory Treg suppressive capacities and higher expression of the ectonucleotidase CD39. However, in this particular and unique situation the mechanisms of action of Tregs were not identified. Thus, we analyzed the ability of memory Tregs to degrade extracellular ATP in tolerant patients, healthy volunteers, and patients with stable graft function under immunosuppression and determined the role of immunosuppressive drugs on this process. The conserved proportion of memory Tregs leads to the establishment of a pro-tolerogenic balance in operationally tolerant patients. Memory Tregs in tolerant patients display normal capacity to degrade extracellular ATP/ADP. In contrast, memory Tregs from patients with stable graft function do not have this ability. Finally, in vitro, immunosuppressive drugs may favor the lower proportion of memory Tregs in stable patients, but they have no effect on CD39-dependent ATP degradation and do not explain memory Treg lack of extracellular ATP/ADP degradation ability. Thus, intrinsic active regulatory mechanisms may act long after immunosuppressive drug arrest in operationally tolerant patients and may contribute to kidney allograft tolerance via the maintenance of CD39 Treg function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Durand
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology," Nantes, France
| | - Florian Dubois
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology," Nantes, France
| | - Cécile Dejou
- OREGA Biotech, Ecully, France; IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier; INSERM, U1194; Université Montpellier; Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Eugénie Durand
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology," Nantes, France
| | - Richard Danger
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology," Nantes, France
| | - Mélanie Chesneau
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology," Nantes, France
| | - Carole Brosseau
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology," Nantes, France
| | - Pierrick Guerif
- Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) Biothérapie, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Jean-Paul Soulillou
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology," Nantes, France
| | - Nicolas Degauque
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology," Nantes, France
| | - Jean-François Eliaou
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier; INSERM, U1194; Université Montpellier; Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Département d'Immunologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier et Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montpellier, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier, France
| | - Magali Giral
- Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) Biothérapie, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Nathalie Bonnefoy
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier; INSERM, U1194; Université Montpellier; Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sophie Brouard
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology," Nantes, France; Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) Biothérapie, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.
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47
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Savio LEB, de Andrade Mello P, da Silva CG, Coutinho-Silva R. The P2X7 Receptor in Inflammatory Diseases: Angel or Demon? Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:52. [PMID: 29467654 PMCID: PMC5808178 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Under physiological conditions, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is present at low levels in the extracellular milieu, being massively released by stressed or dying cells. Once outside the cells, ATP and related nucleotides/nucleoside generated by ectonucleotidases mediate a high evolutionary conserved signaling system: the purinergic signaling, which is involved in a variety of pathological conditions, including inflammatory diseases. Extracellular ATP has been considered an endogenous adjuvant that can initiate inflammation by acting as a danger signal through the activation of purinergic type 2 receptors-P2 receptors (P2Y G-protein coupled receptors and P2X ligand-gated ion channels). Among the P2 receptors, the P2X7 receptor is the most extensively studied from an immunological perspective, being involved in both innate and adaptive immune responses. P2X7 receptor activation induces large-scale ATP release via its intrinsic ability to form a membrane pore or in association with pannexin hemichannels, boosting purinergic signaling. ATP acting via P2X7 receptor is the second signal to the inflammasome activation, inducing both maturation and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β and IL-18, and the production of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species. Furthermore, the P2X7 receptor is involved in caspases activation, as well as in apoptosis induction. During adaptive immune response, P2X7 receptor modulates the balance between the generation of T helper type 17 (Th17) and T regulatory (Treg) lymphocytes. Therefore, this receptor is involved in several inflammatory pathological conditions. In infectious diseases and cancer, P2X7 receptor can have different and contrasting effects, being an angel or a demon depending on its level of activation, cell studied, type of pathogen, and severity of infection. In neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases, P2X7 upregulation and function appears to contribute to disease progression. In this review, we deeply discuss P2X7 receptor dual function and its pharmacological modulation in the context of different pathologies, and we also highlight the P2X7 receptor as a potential target to treat inflammatory related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz E B Savio
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paola de Andrade Mello
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Cleide Gonçalves da Silva
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Robson Coutinho-Silva
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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48
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Inhibition of neddylation ameliorates DSS-induced colitis. Cell Mol Immunol 2018; 15:649-650. [PMID: 29375125 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2017.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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49
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Pimenta-dos-Reis G, Torres EJL, Quintana PG, Vidal LO, dos Santos BAF, Lin CS, Heise N, Persechini PM, Schachter J. POM-1 inhibits P2 receptors and exhibits anti-inflammatory effects in macrophages. Purinergic Signal 2017; 13:611-627. [PMID: 29022161 PMCID: PMC5714851 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-017-9588-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular nucleotides can modulate the immunological response by activating purinergic receptors (P2Rs) on the cell surface of macrophages, dendritic, and other immune cells. In particular, the activation of P2X7R can induce release of cytokines and cell death as well as the uptake of large molecules through the cell membrane by a mechanism still poorly understood. Polyoxotungstate-1 (POM-1) has been proposed as a potent inhibitor of ecto-nucleotidases, enzymes that hydrolyze extracellular nucleotides, regulating the activity of P2Rs. However, the potential impact of POM-1 on P2Rs has not been evaluated. Here, we used fluorescent dye uptake, cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration measurement, patch-clamp recordings, scanning electron microscopy, and quantification of inflammatory mediators to investigate the effects of POM-1 on P2Rs of murine macrophages. We observed that POM-1 blocks the P2YR-dependent cytoplasmic Ca2+ increase and has partial effects on the cytoplasmic Ca2+, increasing dependence on P2XRs. POM-1 can inhibit the events related with ATP-dependent inflammasome activation, anionic dye uptake, and also the opening of large conductance channels, which are associated with P2X7R-dependent pannexin-1 activation. On the other hand, this compound has no effects on cationic fluorescent dye uptake, apoptosis, and bleb formation, also dependent on P2X7R. Moreover, POM-1 can be considered an anti-inflammatory compound, because it prevents TNF-α and nitric oxide release from LPS-treated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Pimenta-dos-Reis
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho da Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eduardo José Lopes Torres
- Laboratório de Helmintologia Romero Lascasas Porto, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia. Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paula Gabriela Quintana
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho da Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lincon Onorio Vidal
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho da Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Chuan-Sheng Lin
- Microbiota Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Norton Heise
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho da Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pedro Muanis Persechini
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho da Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Julieta Schachter
- Microbiota Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Polo Xerem, Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro, Estrada de Xerém No. 27, Xerém, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, 25245-390 Brazil
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50
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Burnstock G, Jacobson KA, Christofi FL. Purinergic drug targets for gastrointestinal disorders. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2017; 37:131-141. [PMID: 29149731 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purinergic receptors are implicated in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal disorders and are being explored as potential therapeutic targets. Gut inflammation releases ATP that acts on neuronal, glial, epithelial and immune cells. Purinergic signalling in glia and neurons is implicated in enteric neuropathies. Inflammation activates glia to increase ATP release and alter purinergic signalling. ATP release causes neuron death and gut motor dysfunction in colitis via a P2X7-dependent neural-glial pathway and a glial purinergic-connexin-43 pathway. The latter pathway also mediates morphine-induced constipation and gut inflammation that may differ from opioid-induced constipation. P2X7R antagonists are protective in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) models, where as AZD9056 is questionable in Crohn's disease, but is potentially beneficial for chronic abdominal pain. Drug targets under investigation for IBD, irritable bowel syndrome and motility disorders include P2X7R, P2X3R, P2Y2R, A2A/A2BAR, enzymes and transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Burnstock
- Autonomic Neuroscience Centre, University College Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry & Molecular Recognition Section, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 8A, Rm. B1A-19, Bethesda, MD 20892-0810, USA.
| | - Fievos L Christofi
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, 226 Tzagournis Medical Research Facility, 420W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH, USA
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