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Rahmati-Dehkordi F, Khanifar H, Najari N, Tamtaji Z, Talebi Taheri A, Aschner M, Shafiee Ardestani M, Mirzaei H, Dadgostar E, Nabavizadeh F, Tamtaji OR. Therapeutic Potential of Fingolimod on Psychological Symptoms and Cognitive Function in Neuropsychiatric and Neurological Disorders. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:2668-2681. [PMID: 38918332 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-024-04199-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders pose a significant global health burden, highlighting the need for innovative therapeutic approaches. Fingolimod (FTY720), a common drug to treat multiple sclerosis, has shown promising efficacy against various neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders. Fingolimod exerts its neuroprotective effects by targeting multiple cellular and molecular processes, such as apoptosis, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and autophagy. By modulating Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor activity, a key regulator of immune cell trafficking and neuronal function, it also affects synaptic activity and strengthens memory formation. In the hippocampus, fingolimod decreases glutamate levels and increases GABA levels, suggesting a potential role in modulating synaptic transmission and neuronal excitability. Taken together, fingolimod has emerged as a promising neuroprotective agent for neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders. Its broad spectrum of cellular and molecular effects, including the modulation of apoptosis, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, autophagy, and synaptic plasticity, provides a comprehensive therapeutic approach for these debilitating conditions. Further research is warranted to fully elucidate the mechanisms of action of fingolimod and optimize its use in the treatment of neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Rahmati-Dehkordi
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Khanifar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shahre-kord University of Medical Sciences, Shahre-kord, Iran
| | - Nazanin Najari
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zeinab Tamtaji
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Abdolkarim Talebi Taheri
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Mehdi Shafiee Ardestani
- Department of Radio Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Ehsan Dadgostar
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
- Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Nabavizadeh
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Omid Reza Tamtaji
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Dadi P, Pauling CW, Shrivastava A, Shah DD. Synthesis of versatile neuromodulatory molecules by a gut microbial glutamate decarboxylase. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.02.583032. [PMID: 38915512 PMCID: PMC11195143 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.02.583032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Dysbiosis of the microbiome correlates with many neurological disorders, yet very little is known about the chemistry that controls the production of neuromodulatory molecules by gut microbes. Here, we found that an enzyme glutamate decarboxylase (BfGAD) of a gut microbe Bacteroides fragilis forms multiple neuromodulatory molecules such as γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), hypotaurine, taurine, homotaurine, and β-alanine. We evolved BfGAD and doubled its taurine productivity. Additionally, we increased its specificity towards the substrate L-glutamate. Here, we provide a chemical strategy via which the BfGAD activity could be fine-tuned. In future, this strategy could be used to modulate the production of neuromodulatory molecules by gut microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavani Dadi
- Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281
| | - Clint W. Pauling
- Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, AZ 85306
| | - Abhishek Shrivastava
- Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281
| | - Dhara D. Shah
- Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, AZ 85306
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Giri PM, Banerjee A, Ghosal A, Layek B. Neuroinflammation in Neurodegenerative Disorders: Current Knowledge and Therapeutic Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3995. [PMID: 38612804 PMCID: PMC11011898 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) have become increasingly common during the past three decades. Approximately 15% of the total population of the world is affected by some form of NDs, resulting in physical and cognitive disability. The most common NDs include Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington's disease. Although NDs are caused by a complex interaction of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle variables, neuroinflammation is known to be associated with all NDs, often leading to permanent damage to neurons of the central nervous system. Furthermore, numerous emerging pieces of evidence have demonstrated that inflammation not only supports the progression of NDs but can also serve as an initiator. Hence, various medicines capable of preventing or reducing neuroinflammation have been investigated as ND treatments. While anti-inflammatory medicine has shown promising benefits in several preclinical models, clinical outcomes are often questionable. In this review, we discuss various NDs with their current treatment strategies, the role of neuroinflammation in the pathophysiology of NDs, and the use of anti-inflammatory agents as a potential therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paras Mani Giri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Human Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA
| | - Anurag Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Human Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA
| | - Arpita Ghosal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Human Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA
| | - Buddhadev Layek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Human Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA
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Liu J, Liu X, Luo Y, Huang F, Xie Y, Zheng S, Jia B, Xiao Z. Sphingolipids: drivers of cardiac fibrosis and atrial fibrillation. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024; 102:149-165. [PMID: 38015241 PMCID: PMC10858135 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02391-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids (SLs) are vital constituents of the plasma membrane of animal cells and concurrently regulate numerous cellular processes. An escalating number of research have evinced that SLs assume a crucial part in the progression of tissue fibrosis, a condition for which no efficacious cure exists as of now. Cardiac fibrosis, and in particular, atrial fibrosis, is a key factor in the emergence of atrial fibrillation (AF). AF has become one of the most widespread cardiac arrhythmias globally, with its incidence continuing to mount, thereby propelling it to the status of a major public health concern. This review expounds on the structure and biosynthesis pathways of several pivotal SLs, the pathophysiological mechanisms of AF, and the function of SLs in cardiac fibrosis. Delving into the influence of sphingolipid levels in the alleviation of cardiac fibrosis offers innovative therapeutic strategies to address cardiac fibrosis and AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ximao Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yucheng Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangze Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Xie
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoyi Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Bo Jia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zezhou Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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5
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Jafarzadeh A, Sheikhi A, Jafarzadeh Z, Nemati M. Differential roles of regulatory T cells in Alzheimer's disease. Cell Immunol 2023; 393-394:104778. [PMID: 37907046 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2023.104778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells interact with a variety of resident cells and infiltrated immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS) to modulate neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide deposition and secondary persistent inflammation due to activation of microglia, astrocytes, and infiltrated immune cells contribute to Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related neurodegeneration. The majority of evidence supports the neuroprotective effects of Treg cells in AD. In the early stages of AD, appropriate Treg cell activity is required for the induction of microglia and astrocyte phagocytic activity in order to clear A deposits and prevent neuroinflammation. Such neuroprotective impacts were in part attributed to the ability of Treg cells to suppress deleterious and/or boost beneficial functions of microglia/astrocytes. In the later stages of AD, an effective Treg cell activity needs to prevent neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration. Treg cells can exert preventive effects on Th1-, and Th17 cell-related pathologic responses, whilst potentiating Th2-mediated protective activity. The impaired Treg cell-related immunomodulatory mechanisms have been described in AD patients and in related animal models which can contribute to the onset and progression of AD. This review aimed to provide a comprehensive figure regarding the role of Treg cells in AD while highlighting potential therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdollah Jafarzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Applied Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Abdolkarim Sheikhi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Zahra Jafarzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryam Nemati
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Hematology and Laboratory Sciences, School of Para-Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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6
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Garcia-Serrano AM, Vieira JPP, Fleischhart V, Duarte JMN. Taurine and N-acetylcysteine treatments prevent memory impairment and metabolite profile alterations in the hippocampus of high-fat diet-fed female mice. Nutr Neurosci 2023; 26:1090-1102. [PMID: 36222315 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2022.2131062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Obesity constitutes a risk factor for cognitive impairment. In rodent models, long-term exposure to obesogenic diets leads to hippocampal taurine accumulation. Since taurine has putative cyto-protective effects, hippocampal taurine accumulation in obese and diabetic models might constitute a counteracting response to metabolic stress. Objective: We tested the hypothesis that treatment with taurine or with N-acetylcysteine (NAC), which provides cysteine for the synthesis of taurine and glutathione, prevent high-fat diet (HFD)-associated hippocampal alterations and memory impairment. Methods: Female mice were fed either a regular diet or HFD. Some mice had access to 3%(w/v) taurine or 3%(w/v) NAC in the drinking water. After 2 months, magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was used to measure metabolite profiles. Memory was assessed in novel object and novel location recognition tests. Results: HFD feeding caused memory impairment in both tests, and reduced concentration of lactate, phosphocreatine-to-creatine ratio, and the neuronal marker N-acetylaspartate in the hippocampus. Taurine and NAC prevented HFD-induced memory impairment and N-acetylaspartate reduction. NAC, but not taurine, prevented the reduction of lactate and phosphocreatine-to-creatine ratio. MRS revealed NAC/taurine-induced increase of hippocampal glutamate and GABA levels. Conclusion: NAC and taurine can prevent memory impairment, while only NAC prevents alterations of metabolite concentrations in HFD-exposed female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba M Garcia-Serrano
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Joao P P Vieira
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Veronika Fleischhart
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - João M N Duarte
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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7
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Yin P, Cai Y, Cui T, Berg AJ, Wang T, Morency DT, Paganelli PM, Lok C, Xue Y, Vicini S, Wang T. Glial Sphingosine-Mediated Epigenetic Regulation Stabilizes Synaptic Function in Drosophila Models of Alzheimer's Disease. J Neurosci 2023; 43:6954-6971. [PMID: 37669862 PMCID: PMC10586542 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0515-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Destabilization of neural activity caused by failures of homeostatic regulation has been hypothesized to drive the progression of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). However, the underpinning mechanisms that connect synaptic homeostasis and the disease etiology are yet to be fully understood. Here, we demonstrated that neuronal overexpression of amyloid β (Aβ) causes abnormal histone acetylation in peripheral glia and completely blocks presynaptic homeostatic potentiation (PHP) at the neuromuscular junction in Drosophila The synaptic deficits caused by Aβ overexpression in motoneurons are associated with motor function impairment at the adult stage. Moreover, we found that a sphingosine analog drug, Fingolimod, ameliorates synaptic homeostatic plasticity impairment, abnormal glial histone acetylation, and motor behavior defects in the Aβ models. We further demonstrated that perineurial glial sphingosine kinase 2 (Sk2) is not only required for PHP, but also plays a beneficial role in modulating PHP in the Aβ models. Glial overexpression of Sk2 rescues PHP, glial histone acetylation, and motor function deficits that are associated with Aβ in Drosophila Finally, we showed that glial overexpression of Sk2 restores PHP and glial histone acetylation in a genetic loss-of-function mutant of the Spt-Ada-Gcn5 Acetyltransferase complex, strongly suggesting that Sk2 modulates PHP through epigenetic regulation. Both male and female animals were used in the experiments and analyses in this study. Collectively, we provided genetic evidence demonstrating that abnormal glial epigenetic alterations in Aβ models in Drosophila are associated with the impairment of PHP and that the sphingosine signaling pathway displays protective activities in stabilizing synaptic physiology.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Fingolimod, an oral drug to treat multiple sclerosis, is phosphorylated by sphingosine kinases to generate its active form. It is known that Fingolimod enhances the cognitive function in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the role of sphingosine kinases in AD is not clear. We bridge this knowledge gap by demonstrating the relationship between impaired homeostatic plasticity and AD. We show that sphingosine kinase 2 (Sk2) in glial cells is necessary for homeostatic plasticity and that glial Sk2-mediated epigenetic signaling has a protective role in synapse stabilization. Our findings demonstrate the potential of the glial sphingosine signaling as a key player in glia-neuron interactions during homeostatic plasticity, suggesting it could be a promising target for sustaining synaptic function in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengqi Yin
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yimei Cai
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007
| | - Tao Cui
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007
| | - Andrew J Berg
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007
| | - Danielle T Morency
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007
| | - Paxton M Paganelli
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007
| | - Chloe Lok
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007
| | - Yang Xue
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Stefano Vicini
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007
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8
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de la Fuente AG, Pelucchi S, Mertens J, Di Luca M, Mauceri D, Marcello E. Novel therapeutic approaches to target neurodegeneration. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:1651-1673. [PMID: 36965025 PMCID: PMC10952850 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ageing is the main risk factor common to most primary neurodegenerative disorders. Indeed, age-related brain alterations have been long considered to predispose to neurodegeneration. Although protein misfolding and the accumulation of toxic protein aggregates have been considered as causative events in neurodegeneration, several other biological pathways affected by brain ageing also contribute to pathogenesis. Here, we discuss the evidence showing the involvement of the mechanisms controlling neuronal structure, gene expression, autophagy, cell metabolism and neuroinflammation in the onset and progression of neurodegenerative disorders. Furthermore, we review the therapeutic strategies currently under development or as future approaches designed to normalize these pathways, which may then increase brain resilience to cope with toxic protein species. In addition to therapies targeting the insoluble protein aggregates specifically associated with each neurodegenerative disorder, these novel pharmacological approaches may be part of combined therapies designed to rescue brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alerie G. de la Fuente
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL)AlicanteSpain
- Instituto de Neurociencias CSIC‐UMHAlicanteSpain
- Wellcome‐Wolfson Institute for Experimental MedicineQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Silvia Pelucchi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
- Institute of Molecular BiologyLeopold‐Franzens‐Universität InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Jerome Mertens
- Institute of Molecular BiologyLeopold‐Franzens‐Universität InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
- Department of NeurosciencesUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Monica Di Luca
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
| | - Daniela Mauceri
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell BiologyDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, University of MarburgMarburgGermany
- Department of NeurobiologyInterdisciplinary Centre for Neurosciences (IZN), Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Elena Marcello
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
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9
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Kihara Y, Chun J. Molecular and neuroimmune pharmacology of S1P receptor modulators and other disease-modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 246:108432. [PMID: 37149155 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological, immune-mediated demyelinating disease that affects people in the prime of life. Environmental, infectious, and genetic factors have been implicated in its etiology, although a definitive cause has yet to be determined. Nevertheless, multiple disease-modifying therapies (DMTs: including interferons, glatiramer acetate, fumarates, cladribine, teriflunomide, fingolimod, siponimod, ozanimod, ponesimod, and monoclonal antibodies targeting ITGA4, CD20, and CD52) have been developed and approved for the treatment of MS. All the DMTs approved to date target immunomodulation as their mechanism of action (MOA); however, the direct effects of some DMTs on the central nervous system (CNS), particularly sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor (S1PR) modulators, implicate a parallel MOA that may also reduce neurodegenerative sequelae. This review summarizes the currently approved DMTs for the treatment of MS and provides details and recent advances in the molecular pharmacology, immunopharmacology, and neuropharmacology of S1PR modulators, with a special focus on the CNS-oriented, astrocyte-centric MOA of fingolimod.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Kihara
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, United States of America.
| | - Jerold Chun
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, United States of America
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10
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Sood A, Fernandes V, Preeti K, Khatri DK, Singh SB. Sphingosine 1 phosphate lyase inhibition rescues cognition in diabetic mice by promoting anti-inflammatory microglia. Behav Brain Res 2023; 446:114415. [PMID: 36997095 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is emerging as a crucial sphingolipid modulating neuroinflammation and cognition. S1P levels in the brain have been found to be decreased in cognitive impairment. S1P lyase (S1PL) is the key enzyme in metabolizing S1P and has been implicated in neuroinflammation. This study evaluated the effect of S1PL inhibition on cognition in type 2 diabetic mice. Fingolimod (0.5mg/kg and 1mg/kg) rescued cognition in high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, as evident in the Y maze and passive avoidance test. We further evaluated the effect of fingolimod on the activation of microglia in the pre-frontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus of diabetic mice. Our study revealed that fingolimod inhibited S1PL and promoted anti-inflammatory microglia in both PFC and hippocampus of diabetic mice as it increased Ym-1 and arginase-1. The levels of p53 and apoptotic proteins (Bax and caspase-3) were elevated in the PFC and hippocampus of type 2 diabetic mice which fingolimod reversed. The underlying mechanism promoting anti-inflammatory microglial phenotype was also explored in this study. TIGAR, TP53-associated glycolysis and apoptosis regulator, is known to foster anti-inflammatory microglia and was found to be downregulated in the brain of type 2 diabetic mice. S1PL inhibition decreased the levels of p53 and promoted TIGAR, thereby increasing anti-inflammatory microglial phenotype and inhibiting apoptosis in the brain of diabetic mice. Our study reveals that S1PL inhibition could be beneficial in mitigating cognitive deficits in diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Sood
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, Hyderabad, India
| | - Valencia Fernandes
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, Hyderabad, India
| | - Kumari Preeti
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, Hyderabad, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, Hyderabad, India.
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, Hyderabad, India.
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11
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Carreras I, Jung Y, Lopez-Benitez J, Tognoni CM, Dedeoglu A. Fingolimod mitigates memory loss in a mouse model of Gulf War Illness amid decreasing the activation of microglia, protein kinase R, and NFκB. Neurotoxicology 2023; 96:197-206. [PMID: 37160207 PMCID: PMC10334821 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Gulf War Illness (GWI) is an unrelenting multi-symptom illness with chronic central nervous system and peripheral pathology affecting veterans from the 1991 Gulf War and for which effective treatment is lacking. An increasing number of studies indicate that persistent neuroinflammation is likely the underlying cause of cognitive and mood dysfunction that affects veterans with GWI. We have previously reported that fingolimod, a drug approved for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, decreases neuroinflammation and improves cognition in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. In this study, we investigated the effect of fingolimod treatment on cognition and neuroinflammation in a mouse model of GWI. We exposed C57BL/6 J male mice to GWI-related chemicals pyridostigmine bromide, DEET, and permethrin, and to mild restraint stress for 28 days (GWI mice). Control mice were exposed to the chemicals' vehicle only. Starting 3 months post-exposure, half of the GWI mice and control mice were orally treated with fingolimod (1 mg/kg/day) for 1 month, and the other half were left untreated. Decreased memory on the Morris water maze test was detected in GWI mice compared to control mice and was reversed by fingolimod treatment. Immunohistochemical analysis of brain sections with antibodies to Iba1 and GFAP revealed that GWI mice had increased microglia activation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, but no difference in reactive astrocytes was detected. The increased activation of microglia in GWI mice was decreased to the level in control mice by treatment with fingolimod. No effect of fingolimod treatment on gliosis in control mice was detected. To explore the signaling pathways by which decreased memory and increased neuroinflammation in GWI may be protected by fingolimod, we investigated the involvement of the inflammatory signaling pathways of protein kinase R (PKR) in the cerebral cortex of these mice. We found increased phosphorylation of PKR in the brain of GWI mice compared to controls, as well as increased phosphorylation of its most recognized downstream effectors: the α subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2α), IκB kinase (IKK), and the p65 subunit of nuclear factor-κB (NFκB-p65). Furthermore, we found that the increased phosphorylation level of these three proteins were suppressed in GWI mice treated with fingolimod. These results suggest that activation of PKR and NFκB signaling may be important for the regulation of cognition and neuroinflammation in the GWI condition and that fingolimod, a drug already approved for human use, may be a potential candidate for the treatment of GWI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Carreras
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Boston Healthcare System,150 S Huntington Av, Boston, MA 02130, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E Concord St, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
| | - Younghun Jung
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Boston Healthcare System,150 S Huntington Av, Boston, MA 02130, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E Concord St, Boston, MA 02118, USA; The Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 73 High St, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jonathan Lopez-Benitez
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Boston Healthcare System,150 S Huntington Av, Boston, MA 02130, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E Concord St, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Christina M Tognoni
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Boston Healthcare System,150 S Huntington Av, Boston, MA 02130, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E Concord St, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Alpaslan Dedeoglu
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Boston Healthcare System,150 S Huntington Av, Boston, MA 02130, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E Concord St, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 73 High St, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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12
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Garcia Garcia JM, Vannuzzi V, Donati C, Bernacchioni C, Bruni P, Petraglia F. Endometriosis: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Leading to Fibrosis. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:1453-1461. [PMID: 36289173 PMCID: PMC10160154 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-01083-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting women of reproductive age. A relevant feature of endometriosis is the presence of fibrotic tissue inside and around the lesions, thus contributing to the classic endometriosis-related symptoms, pain, and infertility. The molecular mechanisms responsible for the development of fibrosis in endometriosis are not yet defined. The present review aimed to examine the biological mechanisms and signalling pathways involved in fibrogenesis of endometriotic lesions, highlighting the difference between deep infiltrating and ovarian endometriosis. The main cell types involved in the development of fibrosis are platelets, myofibroblasts, macrophages, and sensory nerve fibers. Members of the transforming growth factor (TGF) -β family, as well as the receptor Notch, or the bioactive sphingolipid sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), play a role in the development of tissue fibrosis, resulting in their metabolism and/or their signalling pathways altered in endometriotic lesions. It is relevant the knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that guide and support fibrosis in endometriosis, to identify new drug targets and provide new therapeutic approaches to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Manuel Garcia Garcia
- Obstetrics and Gynecology and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "M. Serio, " University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Valentina Vannuzzi
- Obstetrics and Gynecology and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "M. Serio, " University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Donati
- Obstetrics and Gynecology and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "M. Serio, " University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Caterina Bernacchioni
- Obstetrics and Gynecology and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "M. Serio, " University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Bruni
- Obstetrics and Gynecology and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "M. Serio, " University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Felice Petraglia
- Obstetrics and Gynecology and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "M. Serio, " University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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13
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Cachón-González MB, Zhao C, Franklin RJ, Cox TM. Upregulation of non-canonical and canonical inflammasome genes associates with pathological features in Krabbe disease and related disorders. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:1361-1379. [PMID: 36519759 PMCID: PMC10077509 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Infantile Krabbe disease is a rapidly progressive and fatal disorder of myelin, caused by inherited deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme β-galactocerebrosidase. Affected children lose their motor skills and other faculties; uncontrolled seizures are a frequent terminal event. Overexpression of the sphingolipid metabolite psychosine is a pathogenic factor, but does not fully account for the pleiotropic manifestations and there is a clear need to investigate additional pathological mechanisms. We examined innate immunity, caspase-11 and associated inflammatory pathways in twitcher mice, an authentic model of Krabbe disease. Combined use of molecular tools, RNAscope in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical staining established that the expression of pro-inflammatory non-canonical caspase-11, canonical caspase-1, gasdermin D and cognate genes is induced in nervous tissue. Early onset and progressive upregulation of these genes accompany demyelination and gliosis and although the molecules are scant in healthy tissue, abundance of the respective translation products is greatly increased in diseased animals. Caspase-11 is found in reactive microglia/macrophages as well as astrocytes but caspase-1 and gasdermin D are restricted to reactive microglia/macrophages. The inflammasome signature is not unique to Krabbe disease; to varying degrees, this signature is also prominent in other lysosomal diseases, Sandhoff and Niemann-Pick Type-C1, and the lysolecithin toxin model of focal demyelination. Given the potent inflammatory response here identified in Krabbe disease and the other neurodegenerative disorders studied, a broad induction of inflammasomes is likely to be a dominant factor in the pathogenesis, and thus represents a platform for therapeutic exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chao Zhao
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
- Department of Clinical Neuro sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2PY, UK
| | - Robin J Franklin
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
- Department of Clinical Neuro sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2PY, UK
| | - Timothy M Cox
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Level 5, PO Box 157, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
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Leßmann V, Kartalou GI, Endres T, Pawlitzki M, Gottmann K. Repurposing drugs against Alzheimer's disease: can the anti-multiple sclerosis drug fingolimod (FTY720) effectively tackle inflammation processes in AD? J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2023:10.1007/s00702-023-02618-5. [PMID: 37014414 PMCID: PMC10374694 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-023-02618-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic approaches providing effective medication for Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients after disease onset are urgently needed. Previous studies in AD mouse models and in humans suggested that physical exercise or changed lifestyle can delay AD-related synaptic and memory dysfunctions when treatment started in juvenile animals or in elderly humans before onset of disease symptoms. However, a pharmacological treatment that can reverse memory deficits in AD patients was thus far not identified. Importantly, AD disease-related dysfunctions have increasingly been associated with neuro-inflammatory mechanisms and searching for anti-inflammatory medication to treat AD seems promising. Like for other diseases, repurposing of FDA-approved drugs for treatment of AD is an ideally suited strategy to reduce the time to bring such medication into clinical practice. Of note, the sphingosine-1-phosphate analogue fingolimod (FTY720) was FDA-approved in 2010 for treatment of multiple sclerosis patients. It binds to the five different isoforms of Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors (S1PRs) that are widely distributed across human organs. Interestingly, recent studies in five different mouse models of AD suggest that FTY720 treatment, even when starting after onset of AD symptoms, can reverse synaptic deficits and memory dysfunction in these AD mouse models. Furthermore, a very recent multi-omics study identified mutations in the sphingosine/ceramide pathway as a risk factor for sporadic AD, suggesting S1PRs as promising drug target in AD patients. Therefore, progressing with FDA-approved S1PR modulators into human clinical trials might pave the way for these potential disease modifying anti-AD drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volkmar Leßmann
- Institute for Physiology, Medical Faculty, Otto-Von-Guericke-University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Georgia-Ioanna Kartalou
- Institute for Physiology, Medical Faculty, Otto-Von-Guericke-University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Endres
- Institute for Physiology, Medical Faculty, Otto-Von-Guericke-University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Marc Pawlitzki
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Kurt Gottmann
- Institute of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany.
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15
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Time- and Sex-Dependent Effects of Fingolimod Treatment in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020331. [PMID: 36830699 PMCID: PMC9953119 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. Fingolimod has previously shown beneficial effects in different animal models of AD. However, it has shown contradictory effects when it has been applied at early disease stages. Our objective was to evaluate fingolimod in two different treatment paradigms. To address this aim, we treated male and female APP-transgenic mice for 50 days, starting either before plaque deposition at 50 days of age (early) or at 125 days of age (late). To evaluate the effects, we investigated the neuroinflammatory and glial markers, the Aβ load, and the concentration of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). We found a reduced Aβ load only in male animals in the late treatment paradigm. These animals also showed reduced microglia activation and reduced IL-1β. No other treatment group showed any difference in comparison to the controls. On the other hand, we detected a linear correlation between BDNF and the brain Aβ concentrations. The fingolimod treatment has shown beneficial effects in AD models, but the outcome depends on the neuroinflammatory state at the start of the treatment. Thus, according to our data, a fingolimod treatment would be effective after the onset of the first AD symptoms, mainly affecting the neuroinflammatory reaction to the ongoing Aβ deposition.
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16
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Dysregulation of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and S1P receptor 1 signaling in the 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res 2023; 1799:148171. [PMID: 36410428 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.148171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipid-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling through the activation S1P receptors (S1PRs) plays critical roles in cellular events in the brain. Aberrant S1P metabolism has been identified in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Our recent studies have shown that treatment with fingolimod, an analog of sphingosine, provides neuroprotective effects in five familiar Alzheimer disease (5xFAD) transgenic mice, resulting in the reduction of amyloid-β (Aβ) neurotoxicity, inhibition of activation of microglia and astrocytes, increased hippocampal neurogenesis, and improved learning and memory. However, the pathways by which dysfunctional S1P and S1PR signaling may associate with the development of AD-like pathology remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the alteration of signaling of S1P/S1P receptor 1 (S1PR1), the most abundant S1PR subtype in the brain, in the cortex of 5xFAD transgenic mice at 3, 8, and 14 months of age. Compared to non-transgenic wildtype (WT) littermates, we found significant decreased levels of sphingosine kinases (SphKs), increased S1P lyase (S1PL), and increased S1PR1 in 8- and 14-month-old, but not in 3-month-old 5xFAD mice. Furthermore, we detected increased activation of the S1PR1 downstream pathway of Akt/mTor/Tau signaling in aging 5xFAD mice. Treatment with fingolimod from 1 to 8 months of age reversed the levels of SphKs, S1PL, and furthermore, those of S1PR1 and its downstream pathway of Akt/mTor/Tau signaling. Together the data reveal that dysregulation of S1P and S1PR signaling may associate with the development of AD-like pathology through Akt/mTor/Tau signaling.
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17
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Lee HJ, Choe K, Park JS, Khan A, Kim MW, Park TJ, Kim MO. O-Cyclic Phytosphingosine-1-Phosphate Protects against Motor Dysfunctions and Glial Cell Mediated Neuroinflammation in the Parkinson's Disease Mouse Models. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2107. [PMID: 36358479 PMCID: PMC9686509 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
O-cyclic phytosphingosine-1-phosphate (cPS1P) is a novel and chemically synthesized sphingosine metabolite derived from phytosphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). This study was undertaken to unveil the potential neuroprotective effects of cPS1P on two different mouse models of Parkinson's disease (PD). The study used 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and neuron specific enolase promoter human alpha-synuclein (NSE-hαSyn) Korl transgenic mice. MPTP was injected for five consecutive days and cPS1P was injected for alternate days for six weeks intraperitoneally. We performed behavioral tests and analyzed the immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and the striatum. The behavior tests showed a significant reduction in the motor functions in the PD models, which was reversed with the administration of cPS1P. In addition, both PD-models showed reduced expression of the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1), and α-Syn which was restored with cPS1P treatment. In addition, administration of cPS1P restored dopamine-related proteins such as tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2), and dopamine transporter (DAT). Lastly, neuroinflammatory related markers such as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), ionized calcium-binding adapter protein-1 (Iba-1), c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) were all reduced after cPS1P administration. The overall findings supported the notion that cPS1P protects against dopamine depletion, neuroinflammation, and PD-associated symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Jin Lee
- Division of Life Science and Applied Life Science (BK21 FOUR), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Kyonghwan Choe
- Division of Life Science and Applied Life Science (BK21 FOUR), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, 6229ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jun Sung Park
- Division of Life Science and Applied Life Science (BK21 FOUR), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Amjad Khan
- Division of Life Science and Applied Life Science (BK21 FOUR), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Min Woo Kim
- Division of Life Science and Applied Life Science (BK21 FOUR), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Tae Ju Park
- Haemato-oncology/Systems Medicine Group, Paul O’Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences (MVLS), University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 0ZD, UK
| | - Myeong Ok Kim
- Division of Life Science and Applied Life Science (BK21 FOUR), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
- Alz-Dementia Korea Co., Jinju 52828, Korea
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18
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Baloni P, Arnold M, Buitrago L, Nho K, Moreno H, Huynh K, Brauner B, Louie G, Kueider-Paisley A, Suhre K, Saykin AJ, Ekroos K, Meikle PJ, Hood L, Price ND, Doraiswamy PM, Funk CC, Hernández AI, Kastenmüller G, Baillie R, Han X, Kaddurah-Daouk R. Multi-Omic analyses characterize the ceramide/sphingomyelin pathway as a therapeutic target in Alzheimer's disease. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1074. [PMID: 36209301 PMCID: PMC9547905 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04011-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of sphingomyelin and ceramide metabolism have been implicated in Alzheimer's disease. Genome-wide and transcriptome-wide association studies have identified various genes and genetic variants in lipid metabolism that are associated with Alzheimer's disease. However, the molecular mechanisms of sphingomyelin and ceramide disruption remain to be determined. We focus on the sphingolipid pathway and carry out multi-omics analyses to identify central and peripheral metabolic changes in Alzheimer's patients, correlating them to imaging features. Our multi-omics approach is based on (a) 2114 human post-mortem brain transcriptomics to identify differentially expressed genes; (b) in silico metabolic flux analysis on context-specific metabolic networks identified differential reaction fluxes; (c) multimodal neuroimaging analysis on 1576 participants to associate genetic variants in sphingomyelin pathway with Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis; (d) plasma metabolomic and lipidomic analysis to identify associations of lipid species with dysregulation in Alzheimer's; and (e) metabolite genome-wide association studies to define receptors within the pathway as a potential drug target. We validate our hypothesis in amyloidogenic APP/PS1 mice and show prolonged exposure to fingolimod alleviated synaptic plasticity and cognitive impairment in mice. Our integrative multi-omics approach identifies potential targets in the sphingomyelin pathway and suggests modulators of S1P metabolism as possible candidates for Alzheimer's disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Baloni
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Matthias Arnold
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Luna Buitrago
- Department of Neurology/Pharmacology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Kwangsik Nho
- Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Herman Moreno
- Department of Neurology/Pharmacology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Kevin Huynh
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Barbara Brauner
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gregory Louie
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Alexandra Kueider-Paisley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Karsten Suhre
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, PO 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Andrew J Saykin
- Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kim Ekroos
- Lipidomics Consulting Ltd., Esbo, Finland
| | - Peter J Meikle
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Leroy Hood
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - P Murali Doraiswamy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Cory C Funk
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - A Iván Hernández
- Department of Pathology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Gabi Kastenmüller
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Xianlin Han
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Rima Kaddurah-Daouk
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Duke Institute of Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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19
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Yalcin SE, Sezik M, Yavuz A, Savran M, Asci H, Ozmen O. Combined Use of Magnesium Sulfate and Fingolimod for Antenatal Neuroprotection against Inflammation-Mediated Experimental Preterm Brain Injury in a Rat Model. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2022; 41:603-615. [PMID: 34193008 DOI: 10.1080/15513815.2021.1945174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundWe compared the neuroprotective effects of Fingolimod (fng), a neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory drug, with that of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4), alone and in combination, in fetal rat whose mothers were exposed to endotoxin.MethodSeven groups of pregnant rats (28 total) were evaluated at 0.8 gestation - Group1 - saline only; 2 - endotoxin only; 3 - endotoxin + MgSO4; 4 - endotoxin + fng; 5 - endotoxin + MgSO4 + fng; 6 - saline + fng; 7 - saline + MgSO4 + fng. Preterm labor was induced 4 h after intraperitoneal endotoxin administration. Fetal brain samples were examined immunohistochemically using S100β, IL-6, and IL-10.ResultsEndotoxin caused increased expression of S100β, IL-6, and IL-10. Compared with MgSO4 alone, combined treatment was associated with lower expression of IL-10, IL-6 and S100 β.ConclusionFng decreases inflammatory markers after in-utero exposure to endotoxin, has a synergistic effect combined with MgSO4, and may be a candidate neuroprotective drug for inflammation-induced preterm brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serenat Eris Yalcin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Health Sciences Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Mekin Sezik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Suleyman Demirel, University School of Medicine, SDU Campus, Cunur, Turkey
| | - And Yavuz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Health Sciences Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Mehtap Savran
- Department of Pharmacology, Suleyman Demirel, University School of Medicine, SDU Campus, Cunur, Turkey
| | - Halil Asci
- Department of Pharmacology, Suleyman Demirel, University School of Medicine, SDU Campus, Cunur, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Ozmen
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
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20
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Crivelli SM, Luo Q, Kruining DV, Giovagnoni C, Mané-Damas M, den Hoedt S, Berkes D, De Vries HE, Mulder MT, Walter J, Waelkens E, Derua R, Swinnen JV, Dehairs J, Wijnands EPM, Bieberich E, Losen M, Martinez-Martinez P. FTY720 decreases ceramides levels in the brain and prevents memory impairments in a mouse model of familial Alzheimer's disease expressing APOE4. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 152:113240. [PMID: 35689862 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The protection mediated by the bioactive sphingolipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) declines during Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression, especially in patients carrying the apolipoprotein E ε4 (APOE4) isoform. The drug FTY720 mimics S1P bioactivity, but its efficacy in treating AD is unclear. Two doses of FTY720 (0.1 mg / kg and 0.5 mg / kg daily) were given by oral gavage for 15 weeks to transgenic mouse models of familial AD carrying human apolipoprotein E (APOE) APOE3 (E3FAD) or APOE4 (E4FAD). After 12 weeks of treatment, animals were subjected to behavioral tests for memory, locomotion, and anxiety. Blood was withdrawn at different time points and brains were collected for sphingolipids analysis by mass spectrometry, gene expression by RT-PCR and Aβ quantification by ELISA. We discovered that low levels of S1P in the plasma is associated with a higher probability of failing the memory test and that FTY720 prevents memory impairments in E4FAD. The beneficial effect of FTY720 was induced by a shift of the sphingolipid metabolism in the brain towards a lower production of toxic metabolites, like ceramide d18:1/16:0 and d18:1/22:0, and reduction of amyloid-β burden and inflammation. In conclusion, we provide further evidence of the druggability of the sphingolipid system in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone M Crivelli
- Maastricht University, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht 6200MD, the Netherlands; Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington 40506, KY, USA.
| | - Qian Luo
- Maastricht University, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht 6200MD, the Netherlands
| | - Daan van Kruining
- Maastricht University, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht 6200MD, the Netherlands
| | - Caterina Giovagnoni
- Maastricht University, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht 6200MD, the Netherlands
| | - Marina Mané-Damas
- Maastricht University, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht 6200MD, the Netherlands
| | - Sandra den Hoedt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Laboratory Vascular Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000CA, the Netherlands
| | - Dusan Berkes
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 81237 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Helga E De Vries
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam 1007MB, the Netherlands
| | - Monique T Mulder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Laboratory Vascular Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000CA, the Netherlands
| | - Jochen Walter
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn D-53127, Germany
| | - Etienne Waelkens
- Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation and Proteomics, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Rita Derua
- Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation and Proteomics, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Johannes V Swinnen
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Jonas Dehairs
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Erwin P M Wijnands
- Department of Pathology, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6200MD, the Netherlands
| | - Erhard Bieberich
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington 40506, KY, USA; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY 40502, USA
| | - Mario Losen
- Maastricht University, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht 6200MD, the Netherlands
| | - Pilar Martinez-Martinez
- Maastricht University, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht 6200MD, the Netherlands.
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21
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Skoug C, Martinsson I, Gouras GK, Meissner A, Duarte JMN. Sphingosine 1-Phoshpate Receptors are Located in Synapses and Control Spontaneous Activity of Mouse Neurons in Culture. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:3114-3125. [PMID: 35781853 PMCID: PMC9470655 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03664-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is best known for its roles as vascular and immune regulator. Besides, it is also present in the central nervous system (CNS) where it can act as neuromodulator via five S1P receptors (S1PRs), and thus control neurotransmitter release. The distribution of S1PRs in the active zone and postsynaptic density of CNS synapses remains unknown. In the current study, we investigated the localization of S1PR1-5 in synapses of the mouse cortex. Cortical nerve terminals purified in a sucrose gradient were endowed with all five S1PRs. Further subcellular fractionation of cortical nerve terminals revealed S1PR2 and S1PR4 immunoreactivity in the active zone of presynaptic nerve terminals. Interestingly, only S1PR2 and S1PR3 immunoreactivity was found in the postsynaptic density. All receptors were present outside the active zone of nerve terminals. Neurons in the mouse cortex and primary neurons in culture showed immunoreactivity against all five S1PRs, and Ca2+ imaging revealed that S1P inhibits spontaneous neuronal activity in a dose-dependent fashion. When testing selective agonists for each of the receptors, we found that only S1PR1, S1PR2 and S1PR4 control spontaneous neuronal activity. We conclude that S1PR2 and S1PR4 are located in the active zone of nerve terminals and inhibit neuronal activity. Future studies need to test whether these receptors modulate stimulation-induced neurotransmitter release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Skoug
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Isak Martinsson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Experimental Dementia Research Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gunnar K Gouras
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Experimental Dementia Research Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anja Meissner
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Physiology, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - João M N Duarte
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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22
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McManus RM. The Role of Immunity in Alzheimer's Disease. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2022; 6:e2101166. [PMID: 35254006 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202101166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
With the increase in the aging population, age-related conditions such as dementia and Alzheimer's disease will become ever more prevalent in society. As there is no cure for dementia and extremely limited therapeutic options, researchers are examining the mechanisms that contribute to the progression of cognitive decline in hopes of developing better therapies and even an effective, long-lasting treatment for this devastating condition. This review will provide an updated perspective on the role of immunity in triggering the changes that lead to the development of dementia. It will detail the latest findings on Aβ- and tau-induced microglial activation, including the role of the inflammasome. The contribution of the adaptive immune system, specifically T cells, will be discussed. Finally, whether the innate and adaptive immune system can be modulated to protect against dementia will be examined, along with an assessment of the prospective candidates for these that are currently in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Róisín M McManus
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127, Bonn, Germany
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23
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Sekino N, Selim M, Shehadah A. Sepsis-associated brain injury: underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies for acute and long-term cognitive impairments. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:101. [PMID: 35488237 PMCID: PMC9051822 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02464-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Sepsis causes cerebral dysfunction in the short and long term and induces disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), neuroinflammation, hypoperfusion, and accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) and tau protein in the brain. White matter changes and brain atrophy can be detected using brain imaging, but unfortunately, there is no specific treatment that directly addresses the underlying mechanisms of cognitive impairments in sepsis. Here, we review the underlying mechanisms of sepsis-associated brain injury, with a focus on BBB dysfunction and Aβ and tau protein accumulation in the brain. We also describe the neurological manifestations and imaging findings of sepsis-associated brain injury, and finally, we propose potential therapeutic strategies for acute and long-term cognitive impairments associated with sepsis. In the acute phase of sepsis, we suggest using antibiotics (such as rifampicin), targeting proinflammatory cytokines, and preventing ischemic injuries and hypoperfusion. In the late phase of sepsis, we suggest targeting neuroinflammation, BBB dysfunction, Aβ and tau protein phosphorylation, glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3β), and the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). These proposed strategies are meant to bring new mechanism-based directions for future basic and clinical research aimed at preventing or ameliorating acute and long-term cognitive impairments in patients with sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobufumi Sekino
- Department of Medicine, Translational Therapeutics Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Magdy Selim
- Department of Neurology, Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, CLS-641, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Amjad Shehadah
- Department of Neurology, Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, CLS-641, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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24
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Füzesi MV, Muti IH, Berker Y, Li W, Sun J, Habbel P, Nowak J, Xie Z, Cheng LL, Zhang Y. High Resolution Magic Angle Spinning Proton NMR Study of Alzheimer's Disease with Mouse Models. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12030253. [PMID: 35323696 PMCID: PMC8952313 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12030253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a crippling condition that affects millions of elderly adults each year, yet there remains a serious need for improved methods of diagnosis. Metabolomic analysis has been proposed as a potential methodology to better investigate and understand the progression of this disease; however, studies of human brain tissue metabolomics are challenging, due to sample limitations and ethical considerations. Comprehensive comparisons of imaging measurements in animal models to identify similarities and differences between aging- and AD-associated metabolic changes should thus be tested and validated for future human non-invasive studies. In this paper, we present the results of our highresolution magic angle spinning (HRMAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies of AD and wild-type (WT) mouse models, based on animal age, brain regions, including cortex vs. hippocampus, and disease status. Our findings suggest the ability of HRMAS NMR to differentiate between AD and WT mice using brain metabolomics, which potentially can be implemented in in vivo evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark V. Füzesi
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.V.F.); (I.H.M.); (J.S.)
| | - Isabella H. Muti
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.V.F.); (I.H.M.); (J.S.)
| | - Yannick Berker
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (W.L.); (Z.X.)
| | - Joseph Sun
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.V.F.); (I.H.M.); (J.S.)
| | - Piet Habbel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Haematology and Tumour Immunology, Charité—University Medicine Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Johannes Nowak
- Radiology Gotha, SRH Poliklinik Gera, 99867 Gotha, Germany;
| | - Zhongcong Xie
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (W.L.); (Z.X.)
| | - Leo L. Cheng
- Departments of Radiology and Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence: (L.L.C.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yiying Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (W.L.); (Z.X.)
- Correspondence: (L.L.C.); (Y.Z.)
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25
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Pournajaf S, Dargahi L, Javan M, Pourgholami MH. Molecular Pharmacology and Novel Potential Therapeutic Applications of Fingolimod. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:807639. [PMID: 35250559 PMCID: PMC8889014 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.807639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fingolimod is a well-tolerated, highly effective disease-modifying therapy successfully utilized in the management of multiple sclerosis. The active metabolite, fingolimod-phosphate, acts on sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors (S1PRs) to bring about an array of pharmacological effects. While being initially recognized as a novel agent that can profoundly reduce T-cell numbers in circulation and the CNS, thereby suppressing inflammation and MS, there is now rapidly increasing knowledge on its previously unrecognized molecular and potential therapeutic effects in diverse pathological conditions. In addition to exerting inhibitory effects on sphingolipid pathway enzymes, fingolimod also inhibits histone deacetylases, transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 7 (TRMP7), cytosolic phospholipase A2α (cPLA2α), reduces lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) plasma levels, and activates protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). Furthermore, fingolimod induces apoptosis, autophagy, cell cycle arrest, epigenetic regulations, macrophages M1/M2 shift and enhances BDNF expression. According to recent evidence, fingolimod modulates a range of other molecular pathways deeply rooted in disease initiation or progression. Experimental reports have firmly associated the drug with potentially beneficial therapeutic effects in immunomodulatory diseases, CNS injuries, and diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), epilepsy, and even cancer. Attractive pharmacological effects, relative safety, favorable pharmacokinetics, and positive experimental data have collectively led to its testing in clinical trials. Based on the recent reports, fingolimod may soon find its way as an adjunct therapy in various disparate pathological conditions. This review summarizes the up-to-date knowledge about molecular pharmacology and potential therapeutic uses of fingolimod.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safura Pournajaf
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Dargahi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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26
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Fagan SG, Bechet S, Dev KK. Fingolimod Rescues Memory and Improves Pathological Hallmarks in the 3xTg-AD Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:1882-1895. [PMID: 35031916 PMCID: PMC8882098 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02613-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer's disease (AD) have largely focused on the regulation of amyloid pathology while those targeting tau pathology, and inflammatory mechanisms are less explored. In this regard, drugs with multimodal and concurrent targeting of Aβ, tau, and inflammatory processes may offer advantages. Here, we investigate one such candidate drug in the triple transgenic 3xTg-AD mouse model of AD, namely the disease-modifying oral neuroimmunomodulatory therapeutic used in patients with multiple sclerosis, called fingolimod. In this study, administration of fingolimod was initiated after behavioral symptoms are known to emerge, at 6 months of age. Treatment continued to 12 months when behavioral tests were performed and thereafter histological and biochemical analysis was conducted on postmortem tissue. The results demonstrate that fingolimod reverses deficits in spatial working memory at 8 and 12 months of age as measured by novel object location and Morris water maze tests. Inflammation in the brain is alleviated as demonstrated by reduced Iba1-positive and CD3-positive cell number, less ramified microglial morphology, and improved cytokine profile. Finally, treatment with fingolimod was shown to reduce phosphorylated tau and APP levels in the hippocampus and cortex. These results highlight the potential of fingolimod as a multimodal therapeutic for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven G Fagan
- Drug Development, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Sibylle Bechet
- Drug Development, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kumlesh K Dev
- Drug Development, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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27
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Arenas YM, Balzano T, Ivaylova G, Llansola M, Felipo V. The S1PR2‐CCL2‐BDNF‐TrkB pathway mediates neuroinflammation and motor incoordination in hyperammonaemia. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2022; 48:e12799. [DOI: 10.1111/nan.12799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaiza M. Arenas
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe Valencia Spain
| | - Tiziano Balzano
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe Valencia Spain
| | - Gergana Ivaylova
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe Valencia Spain
| | - Marta Llansola
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe Valencia Spain
| | - Vicente Felipo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe Valencia Spain
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28
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Neuroimaging of Mouse Models of Alzheimer’s Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020305. [PMID: 35203515 PMCID: PMC8869427 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) have made great strides in the diagnosis and our understanding of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Despite the knowledge gained from human studies, mouse models have and continue to play an important role in deciphering the cellular and molecular evolution of AD. MRI and PET are now being increasingly used to investigate neuroimaging features in mouse models and provide the basis for rapid translation to the clinical setting. Here, we provide an overview of the human MRI and PET imaging landscape as a prelude to an in-depth review of preclinical imaging in mice. A broad range of mouse models recapitulate certain aspects of the human AD, but no single model simulates the human disease spectrum. We focused on the two of the most popular mouse models, the 3xTg-AD and the 5xFAD models, and we summarized all known published MRI and PET imaging data, including contrasting findings. The goal of this review is to provide the reader with broad framework to guide future studies in existing and future mouse models of AD. We also highlight aspects of MRI and PET imaging that could be improved to increase rigor and reproducibility in future imaging studies.
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29
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Modulation of Neurolipid Signaling and Specific Lipid Species in the Triple Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212256. [PMID: 34830150 PMCID: PMC8620566 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in aging populations. Recently, the regulation of neurolipid-mediated signaling and cerebral lipid species was shown in AD patients. The triple transgenic mouse model (3xTg-AD), harboring βAPPSwe, PS1M146V, and tauP301L transgenes, mimics many critical aspects of AD neuropathology and progressively develops neuropathological markers. Thus, in the present study, 3xTg-AD mice have been used to test the involvement of the neurolipid-based signaling by endocannabinoids (eCB), lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) in relation to the lipid deregulation. [35S]GTPγS autoradiography was used in the presence of specific agonists WIN55,212-2, LPA and CYM5442, to measure the activity mediated by CB1, LPA1, and S1P1 Gi/0 coupled receptors, respectively. Consecutive slides were used to analyze the relative intensities of multiple lipid species by MALDI Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) with microscopic anatomical resolution. The quantitative analysis of the astrocyte population was performed by immunohistochemistry. CB1 receptor activity was decreased in the amygdala and motor cortex of 3xTg-AD mice, but LPA1 activity was increased in the corpus callosum, motor cortex, hippocampal CA1 area, and striatum. Conversely, S1P1 activity was reduced in hippocampal areas. Moreover, the observed modifications on PC, PA, SM, and PI intensities in different brain areas depend on their fatty acid composition, including decrease of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) phospholipids and increase of species containing saturated fatty acids (SFA). The regulation of some lipid species in specific brain regions together with the modulation of the eCB, LPA, and S1P signaling in 3xTg-AD mice indicate a neuroprotective adaptation to improve neurotransmission, relieve the myelination dysfunction, and to attenuate astrocyte-mediated neuroinflammation. These results could contribute to identify new therapeutic strategies based on the regulation of the lipid signaling in familial AD patients.
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30
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Candadai AA, Liu F, Verma A, Adil MS, Alfarhan M, Fagan SC, Somanath PR, Narayanan SP. Neuroprotective Effects of Fingolimod in a Cellular Model of Optic Neuritis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112938. [PMID: 34831161 PMCID: PMC8616192 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Visual dysfunction resulting from optic neuritis (ON) is one of the most common clinical manifestations of multiple sclerosis (MS), characterized by loss of retinal ganglion cells, thinning of the nerve fiber layer, and inflammation to the optic nerve. Current treatments available for ON or MS are only partially effective, specifically target the inflammatory phase, and have limited effects on long-term disability. Fingolimod (FTY) is an FDA-approved immunomodulatory agent for MS therapy. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the neuroprotective properties of FTY in the cellular model of ON-associated neuronal damage. R28 retinal neuronal cell damage was induced through treatment with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα). In our cell viability analysis, FTY treatment showed significantly reduced TNFα-induced neuronal death. Treatment with FTY attenuated the TNFα-induced changes in cell survival and cell stress signaling molecules. Furthermore, immunofluorescence studies performed using various markers indicated that FTY treatment protects the R28 cells against the TNFα-induced neurodegenerative changes by suppressing reactive oxygen species generation and promoting the expression of neuronal markers. In conclusion, our study suggests neuroprotective effects of FTY in an in vitro model of optic neuritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amritha A. Candadai
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics Program, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (A.A.C.); (F.L.); (A.V.); (M.S.A.); (M.A.); (S.C.F.); (P.R.S.)
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Fang Liu
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics Program, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (A.A.C.); (F.L.); (A.V.); (M.S.A.); (M.A.); (S.C.F.); (P.R.S.)
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Arti Verma
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics Program, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (A.A.C.); (F.L.); (A.V.); (M.S.A.); (M.A.); (S.C.F.); (P.R.S.)
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Mir S. Adil
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics Program, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (A.A.C.); (F.L.); (A.V.); (M.S.A.); (M.A.); (S.C.F.); (P.R.S.)
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Moaddey Alfarhan
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics Program, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (A.A.C.); (F.L.); (A.V.); (M.S.A.); (M.A.); (S.C.F.); (P.R.S.)
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Susan C. Fagan
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics Program, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (A.A.C.); (F.L.); (A.V.); (M.S.A.); (M.A.); (S.C.F.); (P.R.S.)
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Payaningal R. Somanath
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics Program, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (A.A.C.); (F.L.); (A.V.); (M.S.A.); (M.A.); (S.C.F.); (P.R.S.)
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - S. Priya Narayanan
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics Program, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (A.A.C.); (F.L.); (A.V.); (M.S.A.); (M.A.); (S.C.F.); (P.R.S.)
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Correspondence:
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31
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Critical Roles of Lysophospholipid Receptors in Activation of Neuroglia and Their Neuroinflammatory Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157864. [PMID: 34360625 PMCID: PMC8346064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of microglia and/or astrocytes often releases proinflammatory molecules as critical pathogenic mediators that can promote neuroinflammation and secondary brain damages in diverse diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). Therefore, controlling the activation of glial cells and their neuroinflammatory responses has been considered as a potential therapeutic strategy for treating neuroinflammatory diseases. Recently, receptor-mediated lysophospholipid signaling, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor- and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor-mediated signaling in particular, has drawn scientific interest because of its critical roles in pathogenies of diverse neurological diseases such as neuropathic pain, systemic sclerosis, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, cerebral ischemia, traumatic brain injury, hypoxia, hydrocephalus, and neuropsychiatric disorders. Activation of microglia and/or astrocytes is a common pathogenic event shared by most of these CNS disorders, indicating that lysophospholipid receptors could influence glial activation. In fact, many studies have reported that several S1P and LPA receptors can influence glial activation during the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia and multiple sclerosis. This review aims to provide a comprehensive framework about the roles of S1P and LPA receptors in the activation of microglia and/or astrocytes and their neuroinflammatory responses in CNS diseases.
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Jęśko H, Wieczorek I, Wencel PL, Gąssowska-Dobrowolska M, Lukiw WJ, Strosznajder RP. Age-Related Transcriptional Deregulation of Genes Coding Synaptic Proteins in Alzheimer's Disease Murine Model: Potential Neuroprotective Effect of Fingolimod. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:660104. [PMID: 34305524 PMCID: PMC8299068 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.660104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) induces time-dependent changes in sphingolipid metabolism, which may affect transcription regulation and neuronal phenotype. We, therefore, analyzed the influence of age, amyloid β precursor protein (AβPP), and the clinically approved, bioavailable sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator fingolimod (FTY720) on the expression of synaptic proteins. RNA was isolated, reverse-transcribed, and subjected to real-time PCR. Expression of mutant (V717I) AβPP led to few changes at 3 months of age but reduced multiple mRNA coding for synaptic proteins in a 12-month-old mouse brain. Complexin 1 (Cplx1), SNAP25 (Snap25), syntaxin 1A (Stx1a), neurexin 1 (Nrxn1), neurofilament light (Nefl), and synaptotagmin 1 (Syt1) in the hippocampus, and VAMP1 (Vamp1) and neurexin 1 (Nrxn1) in the cortex were all significantly reduced in 12-month-old mice. Post mortem AD samples from the human hippocampus and cortex displayed lower expression of VAMP, synapsin, neurofilament light (NF-L) and synaptophysin. The potentially neuroprotective FTY720 reversed most AβPP-induced changes in gene expression (Cplx1, Stx1a, Snap25, and Nrxn1) in the 12-month-old hippocampus, which is thought to be most sensitive to early neurotoxic insults, but it only restored Vamp1 in the cortex and had no influence in 3-month-old brains. Further study may reveal the potential usefulness of FTY720 in the modulation of deregulated neuronal phenotype in AD brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henryk Jęśko
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iga Wieczorek
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Environmental Agents, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Przemysław Leonard Wencel
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Environmental Agents, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Walter J. Lukiw
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Robert Piotr Strosznajder
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Environmental Agents, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Schwedhelm E, Englisch C, Niemann L, Lezius S, von Lucadou M, Marmann K, Böger R, Peine S, Daum G, Gerloff C, Choe CU. Sphingosine-1-Phosphate, Motor Severity, and Progression in Parkinson's Disease (MARK-PD). Mov Disord 2021; 36:2178-2182. [PMID: 34008894 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment with sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) agonists confers neuroprotective effects in animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD). OBJECTIVES We assessed the association of serum S1P levels with motor and cognitive symptoms in patients with PD. METHODS S1P concentrations were analyzed with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in serum of 196 PD patients and in 196 age- and sex-matched controls. Motor (Unified Parkinson's disease rating scale III [UPDRS III], Hoehn and Yahr) and cognitive (Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA]) function were assessed at baseline. Follow-up data was available from 64 patients (median [interquartile range], 513 [381-677] days). RESULTS S1P levels were lower in PD patients compared with controls, that is 1.75 (1.38-2.07) and 1.90 (1.59-2.18) μmol/L, respectively (P = 0.001). In PD patients, lower S1P concentrations were associated with higher UPDRS III scores and Hoehn and Yahr stage. In the follow-up cohort, S1P concentrations below the median were associated with faster motor decline (hazard ratio: 4.78 [95% CI, 1.98, 11.50]), but not with cognitive worsening. CONCLUSIONS Our observations reveal an association of S1P with PD. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edzard Schwedhelm
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/ Luebeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Catrin Englisch
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Louisa Niemann
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Lezius
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mirjam von Lucadou
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/ Luebeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kristina Marmann
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Böger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/ Luebeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sven Peine
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Günter Daum
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/ Luebeck, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Vascular Medicine, University Heart and Vascular Center, Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Gerloff
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Chi-Un Choe
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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The effect of electroconvulsive therapy on neuroinflammation, behavior and amyloid plaques in the 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4910. [PMID: 33649346 PMCID: PMC7921388 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83998-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglial cells are affected in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and interact with amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques. Apart from memory loss, depression is common in patients with AD. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an anti-depressive treatment that may stimulate microglia, induce neuroinflammation and alter the levels of soluble Aβ, but the effects of ECT on microglia and Aβ aggregation in AD are not known. We investigated the short- and long-term effects of ECT on neuroinflammation and Aβ accumulation. 5xFAD mice received either electroconvulsive stimulation (ECS n = 26) or sham treatment (n = 25) for 3 weeks. Microglia and Aβ were analyzed in samples collected 24 h, 5 weeks, or 9 weeks after the last treatment. Aβ plaques and microglia were quantified using immunohistochemistry. The concentration of soluble Aβ and cytokines was quantified using ELISA and levels of Aβ aggregates were measured with Western Blot. Microglial phagocytosis of Aβ in the hippocampus was evaluated by flow cytometry in Methoxy-X04 injected mice 24 h following the last ECS treatment. Y-maze and Elevated plus maze were performed to study behavior after 5 weeks. We could not detect any significant short- or long-term effects of ECS on Aβ pathology or neuroinflammation, but ECS reduced abnormal behavior in the Elevated Plus maze.
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35
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Rossi B, Santos-Lima B, Terrabuio E, Zenaro E, Constantin G. Common Peripheral Immunity Mechanisms in Multiple Sclerosis and Alzheimer's Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:639369. [PMID: 33679799 PMCID: PMC7933037 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.639369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are closely related to inflammatory and autoimmune events, suggesting that the dysregulation of the immune system is a key pathological factor. Both multiple sclerosis (MS) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are characterized by infiltrating immune cells, activated microglia, astrocyte proliferation, and neuronal damage. Moreover, MS and AD share a common pro-inflammatory signature, characterized by peripheral leukocyte activation and transmigration to the central nervous system (CNS). MS and AD are both characterized by the accumulation of activated neutrophils in the blood, leading to progressive impairment of the blood–brain barrier. Having migrated to the CNS during the early phases of MS and AD, neutrophils promote local inflammation that contributes to pathogenesis and clinical progression. The role of circulating T cells in MS is well-established, whereas the contribution of adaptive immunity to AD pathogenesis and progression is a more recent discovery. Even so, blocking the transmigration of T cells to the CNS can benefit both MS and AD patients, suggesting that common adaptive immunity mechanisms play a detrimental role in each disease. There is also growing evidence that regulatory T cells are beneficial during the initial stages of MS and AD, supporting the link between the modulatory immune compartments and these neurodegenerative disorders. The number of resting regulatory T cells declines in both diseases, indicating a common pathogenic mechanism involving the dysregulation of these cells, although their precise role in the control of neuroinflammation remains unclear. The modulation of leukocyte functions can benefit MS patients, so more insight into the role of peripheral immune cells may reveal new targets for pharmacological intervention in other neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases, including AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Rossi
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Bruno Santos-Lima
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Eleonora Terrabuio
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Elena Zenaro
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gabriela Constantin
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,The Center for Biomedical Computing (CBMC), University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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36
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de Wit NM, Mol K, Rodríguez-Lorenzo S, de Vries HE, Kooij G. The Role of Sphingolipids and Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediators in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 11:620348. [PMID: 33633739 PMCID: PMC7902029 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.620348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia worldwide giving rise to devastating forms of cognitive decline, which impacts patients’ lives and that of their proxies. Pathologically, AD is characterized by extracellular amyloid deposition, neurofibrillary tangles and chronic neuroinflammation. To date, there is no cure that prevents progression of AD. In this review, we elaborate on how bioactive lipids, including sphingolipids (SL) and specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPM), affect ongoing neuroinflammatory processes during AD and how we may exploit them for the development of new biomarker panels and/or therapies. In particular, we here describe how SPM and SL metabolism, ranging from ω-3/6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and their metabolites to ceramides and sphingosine-1-phosphate, initiates pro- and anti-inflammatory signaling cascades in the central nervous system (CNS) and what changes occur therein during AD pathology. Finally, we discuss novel therapeutic approaches to resolve chronic neuroinflammation in AD by modulating the SPM and SL pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nienke M de Wit
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kevin Mol
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sabela Rodríguez-Lorenzo
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Helga E de Vries
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gijs Kooij
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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37
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Wang CC, Kuo JR, Wang SJ. Fingolimod inhibits glutamate release through activation of S1P1 receptors and the G protein βγ subunit-dependent pathway in rat cerebrocortical nerve terminals. Neuropharmacology 2021; 185:108451. [PMID: 33428887 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Fingolimod, a sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator approved for treating multiple sclerosis, is reported to prevent excitotoxic insult. Because excessive glutamate release is a major cause of neuronal damage in various neurological disorders, the effect of fingolimod on glutamate release in rat cerebrocortical nerve terminals (synaptosomes) was investigated in the current study. Fingolimod decreased 4-aminopyridine (4-AP)-stimulated glutamate release and calcium concentration elevation. Fingolimod-mediated inhibition of 4-AP-induced glutamate release was dependent on extracellular calcium, persisted in the presence of the glutamate transporter inhibitor DL-TBOA or intracellular Ca2+-releasing inhibitors dantrolene and CGP37157, and was prevented by blocking vesicular transporters or N- and P/Q-type channels. Western blot and immunocytochemical analysis revealed the presence of S1P1 receptor proteins in presynaptic terminals. Fingolimod-mediated inhibition of 4-AP-induced glutamate release was also abolished by the sphingosine kinase inhibitor DMS, selective S1P1 receptor antagonist W146, Gi/o protein inhibitor pertussis toxin, and G protein βγ subunit inhibitor gallein; however, it was unaffected by the adenylyl cyclase inhibitor SQ22536, protein kinase A inhibitor H89, and phospholipase C inhibitor U73122. These data indicate that fingolimod decreases glutamate release from rat cerebrocortical synaptosomes by suppressing N- and P/Q-type Ca2+ channel activity; additionally, the activation of presynaptic S1P1 receptors and the G protein βγ subunit participates in achieving the effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che Chuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan; Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jinn Rung Kuo
- Department of Neurology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan; Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Su Jane Wang
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, No.510, Zhongzheng Rd, Xinzhuang Dist, New Taipei City, 24205, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, No.510, Zhongzheng Rd, Xinzhuang Dist, New Taipei City, 24205, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.
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38
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Kartalou GI, Salgueiro-Pereira AR, Endres T, Lesnikova A, Casarotto P, Pousinha P, Delanoe K, Edelmann E, Castrén E, Gottmann K, Marie H, Lessmann V. Anti-Inflammatory Treatment with FTY720 Starting after Onset of Symptoms Reverses Synaptic Deficits in an AD Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238957. [PMID: 33255764 PMCID: PMC7734581 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic approaches providing effective medication for Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients after disease onset are urgently needed. Previous studies in AD mouse models suggested that physical exercise or changed lifestyle can delay AD-related synaptic and memory dysfunctions when treatment started in juvenile animals long before onset of disease symptoms, while a pharmacological treatment that can reverse synaptic and memory deficits in AD mice was thus far not identified. Repurposing food and drug administration (FDA)-approved drugs for treatment of AD is a promising way to reduce the time to bring such medication into clinical practice. The sphingosine-1 phosphate analog fingolimod (FTY720) was approved recently for treatment of multiple sclerosis patients. Here, we addressed whether fingolimod rescues AD-related synaptic deficits and memory dysfunction in an amyloid precursor protein/presenilin-1 (APP/PS1) AD mouse model when medication starts after onset of symptoms (at five months). Male mice received intraperitoneal injections of fingolimod for one to two months starting at five to six months. This treatment rescued spine density as well as long-term potentiation in hippocampal cornu ammonis-1 (CA1) pyramidal neurons, that were both impaired in untreated APP/PS1 animals at six to seven months of age. Immunohistochemical analysis with markers of microgliosis (ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1; Iba1) and astrogliosis (glial fibrillary acid protein; GFAP) revealed that our fingolimod treatment regime strongly down regulated neuroinflammation in the hippocampus and neocortex of this AD model. These effects were accompanied by a moderate reduction of Aβ accumulation in hippocampus and neocortex. Our results suggest that fingolimod, when applied after onset of disease symptoms in an APP/PS1 mouse model, rescues synaptic pathology that is believed to underlie memory deficits in AD mice, and that this beneficial effect is mediated via anti-neuroinflammatory actions of the drug on microglia and astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia-Ioanna Kartalou
- Institute of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (G.-I.K.); (T.E.); (E.E.)
- Institute of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Ana Rita Salgueiro-Pereira
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, IPMC, UMR7275, 06560 Valbonne, France; (A.R.S.-P.); (P.P.); (K.D.); (H.M.)
| | - Thomas Endres
- Institute of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (G.-I.K.); (T.E.); (E.E.)
| | - Angelina Lesnikova
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (A.L.); (P.C.); (E.C.)
| | - Plinio Casarotto
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (A.L.); (P.C.); (E.C.)
| | - Paula Pousinha
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, IPMC, UMR7275, 06560 Valbonne, France; (A.R.S.-P.); (P.P.); (K.D.); (H.M.)
| | - Kevin Delanoe
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, IPMC, UMR7275, 06560 Valbonne, France; (A.R.S.-P.); (P.P.); (K.D.); (H.M.)
| | - Elke Edelmann
- Institute of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (G.-I.K.); (T.E.); (E.E.)
| | - Eero Castrén
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (A.L.); (P.C.); (E.C.)
| | - Kurt Gottmann
- Institute of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
- Correspondence: (K.G.); (V.L.)
| | - Hélène Marie
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, IPMC, UMR7275, 06560 Valbonne, France; (A.R.S.-P.); (P.P.); (K.D.); (H.M.)
| | - Volkmar Lessmann
- Institute of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (G.-I.K.); (T.E.); (E.E.)
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (K.G.); (V.L.)
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39
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Yavuz A, Sezik M, Eris Yalcin S, Asci H, Ozmen O. Immunohistochemical analysis of protective effects of maternal fingolimod on the placenta and fetal lung and brain in chorioamnionitis-induced preterm birth rat model. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2020; 42:564-571. [PMID: 32892670 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2020.1818771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Fingolimod (FIN) is used for multiple sclerosis treatment and has potential antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects. We aimed at expanding our knowledge on various immunohistochemical markers for elucidating the possible mechanisms of action of fingolimod in the placenta and fetal lung and brain. METHODS Sixteen pregnant rats were divided into four groups. On gestational day 17, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was injected intraperitoneally to induce preterm fetal injury followed by intraperitoneal injection of fingolimod. Hysterotomy for preterm delivery was performed 6 h after fingolimod was injected. The study groups included (1) control, (2) LPS (1 mg/kg), (3) FIN (4 mg/kg), and (4) FIN + LPS. Fetal brain and lung and placenta samples were collected for histopathological examination. Moreover, fetal lungs (surfactant protein-A (SP-A), SP-B, SP-D, caspase-3, and caspase-8), fetal brains (interleukin-10, interleukin-1β, TNF-α, caspase-8, glial fibrillary acidic protein, vimentin, myelin basic protein, and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa), and placenta tissues (interleukin-10, interleukin-1β, TNF-α, caspase-3, and caspase-8) were immunohistochemically evaluated. RESULTS Maternal fingolimod treatment led to attenuation of LPS-induced fetal brain, lung, and placental injury, as indicated by lower immunoexpression of inflammatory markers compared to LPS group (p < .0001 for all comparisons). CONCLUSION The findings of the present study confirm the neuroprotective effects of antenatally administered fingolimod, which also significantly improved preterm fetal lung injury and placental inflammation in LPS-exposed preterm pregnancies by possible antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- And Yavuz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Health Sciences, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Mekin Sezik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Serenat Eris Yalcin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Health Sciences, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Halil Asci
- Department of Pharmacology, Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Ozmen
- Department of Pathology, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur, Turkey
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40
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Belaya I, Ivanova M, Sorvari A, Ilicic M, Loppi S, Koivisto H, Varricchio A, Tikkanen H, Walker FR, Atalay M, Malm T, Grubman A, Tanila H, Kanninen KM. Astrocyte remodeling in the beneficial effects of long-term voluntary exercise in Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:271. [PMID: 32933545 PMCID: PMC7493971 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01935-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased physical exercise improves cognitive function and reduces pathology associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of exercise in AD on the level of specific brain cell types remain poorly investigated. The involvement of astrocytes in AD pathology is widely described, but their exact role in exercise-mediated neuroprotection warrant further investigation. Here, we investigated the effect of long-term voluntary physical exercise on the modulation of the astrocyte state. METHODS Male 5xFAD mice and their wild-type littermates had free access to a running wheel from 1.5 to 7 months of age. A battery of behavioral tests was used to assess the effects of voluntary exercise on cognition and learning. Neuronal loss, impairment in neurogenesis, beta-amyloid (Aβ) deposition, and inflammation were evaluated using a variety of histological and biochemical measurements. Sophisticated morphological analyses were performed to delineate the specific involvement of astrocytes in exercise-induced neuroprotection in the 5xFAD mice. RESULTS Long-term voluntary physical exercise reversed cognitive impairment in 7-month-old 5xFAD mice without affecting neurogenesis, neuronal loss, Aβ plaque deposition, or microglia activation. Exercise increased glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) immunoreactivity and the number of GFAP-positive astrocytes in 5xFAD hippocampi. GFAP-positive astrocytes in hippocampi of the exercised 5xFAD mice displayed increases in the numbers of primary branches and in the soma area. In general, astrocytes distant from Aβ plaques were smaller in size and possessed simplified processes in comparison to plaque-associated GFAP-positive astrocytes. Morphological alterations of GFAP-positive astrocytes occurred concomitantly with increased astrocytic brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and restoration of postsynaptic protein PSD-95. CONCLUSIONS Voluntary physical exercise modulates the reactive astrocyte state, which could be linked via astrocytic BDNF and PSD-95 to improved cognition in 5xFAD hippocampi. The molecular pathways involved in this modulation could potentially be targeted for benefit against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Belaya
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mariia Ivanova
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Annika Sorvari
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marina Ilicic
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and the Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, The University of Newcastle, University Dr, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Sanna Loppi
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hennariikka Koivisto
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Alessandra Varricchio
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Heikki Tikkanen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Frederick R Walker
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and the Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, The University of Newcastle, University Dr, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Mustafa Atalay
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tarja Malm
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Alexandra Grubman
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Heikki Tanila
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Katja M Kanninen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.
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41
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Fingolimod (FTY720) Preserves High Energy Phosphates and Improves Cardiac Function in Heterotopic Heart Transplantation Model. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186548. [PMID: 32911595 PMCID: PMC7554839 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During heart transplantation, donor heart leads to reduced oxygen supply resulting in low level of high energy phosphate (HEP) reserves in cardiomyocyte. Lower HEP is one of the underlying reasons of cell death due to ischemia. In this study we investigated the role of Fingolimod (FTY720) in heart transplantation ischemia. Eight groups of Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 5 for each subgroup) were made, A1 and C1 were given FTY720 1 mg/kg while B1 and D1 were given normal saline. The hearts were implanted into another set of similar rats after preservation period of 1 h at 4–8 °C. Significantly higher Left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), dP/dT maximum (p < 0.05), dP/dT minimum (p < 0.05) were recorded in the FTY720 treated group after 24 h of reperfusion while after 1 h of reperfusion, there were no significant differences in LVSP, maximum and negative dP/dT, and Left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) between the control and the FTY720-treated transplant groups. Coronary blood flow (CBF) was enhanced (p < 0.05) in the FTY720 treated group after 1 and 24 h. ATP p < 0.001, p < 0.05 at 1 and 24 h, ADP p < 0.001, p > 0.05 at 1 and 24 h, and phosphocreatine p < 0.05, p > 0.05 at 1 and 24 h were better preserved by FTY720 treatment as compared to control group. The study concluded that pretreatment of grafted hearts with FTY720 improved hemodynamics, CBF, high energy phosphate reserves, reduces the peroxynitrite level and poly (ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition that prevents ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Gupta VB, Chitranshi N, den Haan J, Mirzaei M, You Y, Lim JK, Basavarajappa D, Godinez A, Di Angelantonio S, Sachdev P, Salekdeh GH, Bouwman F, Graham S, Gupta V. Retinal changes in Alzheimer's disease- integrated prospects of imaging, functional and molecular advances. Prog Retin Eye Res 2020; 82:100899. [PMID: 32890742 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2020.100899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder of the brain, clinically characterised by cognitive deficits that gradually worsen over time. There is, at present, no established cure, or disease-modifying treatments for AD. As life expectancy increases globally, the number of individuals suffering from the disease is projected to increase substantially. Cumulative evidence indicates that AD neuropathological process is initiated several years, if not decades, before clinical signs are evident in patients, and diagnosis made. While several imaging, cognitive, CSF and blood-based biomarkers have been proposed for the early detection of AD; their sensitivity and specificity in the symptomatic stages is highly variable and it is difficult to justify their use in even earlier, pre-clinical stages of the disease. Research has identified potentially measurable functional, structural, metabolic and vascular changes in the retina during early stages of AD. Retina offers a distinctively accessible insight into brain pathology and current and developing ophthalmic technologies have provided us with the possibility of detecting and characterising subtle, disease-related changes. Recent human and animal model studies have further provided mechanistic insights into the biochemical pathways that are altered in the retina in disease, including amyloid and tau deposition. This information coupled with advances in molecular imaging has allowed attempts to monitor biochemical changes and protein aggregation pathology in the retina in AD. This review summarises the existing knowledge that informs our understanding of the impact of AD on the retina and highlights some of the gaps that need to be addressed. Future research will integrate molecular imaging innovation with functional and structural changes to enhance our knowledge of the AD pathophysiological mechanisms and establish the utility of monitoring retinal changes as a potential biomarker for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veer B Gupta
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, VIC, Australia
| | - Nitin Chitranshi
- Faculty of Medicine Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Jurre den Haan
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Faculty of Medicine Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Yuyi You
- Faculty of Medicine Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Jeremiah Kh Lim
- Optometry and Vision Science, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia
| | - Devaraj Basavarajappa
- Faculty of Medicine Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Angela Godinez
- Faculty of Medicine Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Silvia Di Angelantonio
- Center for Life Nanoscience, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Perminder Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain and Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ghasem H Salekdeh
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Femke Bouwman
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands
| | - Stuart Graham
- Faculty of Medicine Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia; Save Sight Institute, Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia.
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Faculty of Medicine Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia.
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Bascuñana P, Möhle L, Brackhan M, Pahnke J. Fingolimod as a Treatment in Neurologic Disorders Beyond Multiple Sclerosis. Drugs R D 2020; 20:197-207. [PMID: 32696271 PMCID: PMC7419396 DOI: 10.1007/s40268-020-00316-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fingolimod is an approved treatment for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS), and its properties in different pathways have raised interest in therapy research for other neurodegenerative diseases. Fingolimod is an agonist of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptors. Its main pharmacologic effect is immunomodulation by lymphocyte homing, thereby reducing the numbers of T and B cells in circulation. Because of the ubiquitous expression of S1P receptors, other effects have also been described. Here, we review preclinical experiments evaluating the effects of treatment with fingolimod in neurodegenerative diseases other than MS, such as Alzheimer's disease or epilepsy. Fingolimod has shown neuroprotective effects in different animal models of neurodegenerative diseases, summarized here, correlating with increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor and improved disease phenotype (cognition and/or motor abilities). As expected, treatment also induced reductions in different neuroinflammatory markers because of not only inhibition of lymphocytes but also direct effects on astrocytes and microglia. Furthermore, fingolimod treatment exhibited additional effects for specific neurodegenerative disorders, such as reduction of amyloid-β production, and antiepileptogenic properties. The neuroprotective effects exerted by fingolimod in these preclinical studies are reviewed and support the translation of fingolimod into clinical trials as treatment in neurodegenerative diseases beyond neuroinflammatory conditions (MS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Bascuñana
- Department of Neuro-/Pathology, University of Oslo (UiO) and Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Oslo, Norway.
| | - Luisa Möhle
- Department of Neuro-/Pathology, University of Oslo (UiO) and Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Oslo, Norway
| | - Mirjam Brackhan
- Department of Neuro-/Pathology, University of Oslo (UiO) and Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Oslo, Norway
| | - Jens Pahnke
- Department of Neuro-/Pathology, University of Oslo (UiO) and Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Oslo, Norway.
- LIED, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Latvia, Rīga, Latvia.
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle, Germany.
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Poormoghadam D, Almasi A, Ashrafizadeh M, Sarem Vishkaei A, Rezayat SM, Tavakol S. The particle size of drug nanocarriers dictates the fate of neurons; critical points in neurological therapeutics. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:335101. [PMID: 32479427 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab8d6b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Neurological disorders and diseases are on the rise in the world, while pharmacists are being encouraged to encapsulate drugs into the nanocarriers. The critical key question is which size of nanocarrier has a promising neurotherapeutic effect. In the present study, FTY-720, an FDA approved drug, was encapsulated into O/W nanocarriers. SEM and DLS data indicated in ultrasonication and stirring methods resulted in spherical nanocarriers with a particle size of 60 and 195 nm (nF60 and nF195), respectively. Further to investigate the effect of particle size on neuronal cells, MTT assay, PI flow-cytometry, LDH release, and NO production examinations were performed. Results showed that small nanocarriers increased cell viability along with the decline of dead cells, while both nanocarriers decreased LDH release and NO production as compared to the conventional drug. Notably, qRT-PCR and western blotting data related to apoptotic markers indicated in the increase of cell mortality in cells treated by nF190 was not due to the increase of apoptosis and Bax/Bcl2 ratio. It is worth mentioning that integrin α5 as a cell surface receptor involves in neuritogenesis was over-expressed in neuronal cells treated by small nanocarriers. However, nF60 increased PTK2 over-expression along with neurite outgrowth, as well. In other words, nanocarriers at the size of 60 nm are preferred to 195 nm as a drug carrier in neurotherapy due to profound impacts on neural cells. Thanks to small nanocarrier broad positive action on neural viability and neurite outgrowth. The present study discloses a pharmaceutical strategy to design drugs based on their particle size efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delaram Poormoghadam
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, (IAUPS), Tehran, Iran
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Das S, Li Z, Noori A, Hyman BT, Serrano-Pozo A. Meta-analysis of mouse transcriptomic studies supports a context-dependent astrocyte reaction in acute CNS injury versus neurodegeneration. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:227. [PMID: 32736565 PMCID: PMC7393869 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01898-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuronal damage in acute CNS injuries and chronic neurodegenerative diseases is invariably accompanied by an astrocyte reaction in both mice and humans. However, whether and how the nature of the CNS insult—acute versus chronic—influences the astrocyte response, and whether astrocyte transcriptomic changes in these mouse models faithfully recapitulate the astrocyte reaction in human diseases remains to be elucidated. We hypothesized that astrocytes set off different transcriptomic programs in response to acute versus chronic insults, besides a shared “pan-injury” signature common to both types of conditions, and investigated the presence of these mouse astrocyte signatures in transcriptomic studies from human neurodegenerative diseases. Methods We performed a meta-analysis of 15 published astrocyte transcriptomic datasets from mouse models of acute injury (n = 6) and chronic neurodegeneration (n = 9) and identified pan-injury, acute, and chronic signatures, with both upregulated (UP) and downregulated (DOWN) genes. Next, we investigated these signatures in 7 transcriptomic datasets from various human neurodegenerative diseases. Results In mouse models, the number of UP/DOWN genes per signature was 64/21 for pan-injury and 109/79 for acute injury, whereas only 13/27 for chronic neurodegeneration. The pan-injury-UP signature was represented by the classic cytoskeletal hallmarks of astrocyte reaction (Gfap and Vim), plus extracellular matrix (i.e., Cd44, Lgals1, Lgals3, Timp1), and immune response (i.e., C3, Serping1, Fas, Stat1, Stat2, Stat3). The acute injury-UP signature was enriched in protein synthesis and degradation (both ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy systems), intracellular trafficking, and anti-oxidant defense genes, whereas the acute injury-DOWN signature included genes that regulate chromatin structure and transcriptional activity, many of which are transcriptional repressors. The chronic neurodegeneration-UP signature was further enriched in astrocyte-secreted extracellular matrix proteins (Lama4, Cyr61, Thbs4), while the DOWN signature included relevant genes such as Agl (glycogenolysis), S1pr1 (immune modulation), and Sod2 (anti-oxidant). Only the pan-injury-UP mouse signature was clearly present in some human neurodegenerative transcriptomic datasets. Conclusions Acute and chronic CNS injuries lead to distinct astrocyte gene expression programs beyond their common astrocyte reaction signature. However, caution should be taken when extrapolating astrocyte transcriptomic findings from mouse models to human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeshna Das
- MGH BioMedical Informatics Core (BMIC), Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, 114 16th street, Suite 2012, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02116, USA
| | - Zhaozhi Li
- MGH BioMedical Informatics Core (BMIC), Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Ayush Noori
- MGH BioMedical Informatics Core (BMIC), Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Bradley T Hyman
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, 114 16th street, Suite 2012, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02116, USA
| | - Alberto Serrano-Pozo
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA. .,Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, 114 16th street, Suite 2012, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA. .,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02116, USA.
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Houben S, de Fisenne MA, Ando K, Vanden Dries V, Poncelet L, Yilmaz Z, Mansour S, De Decker R, Brion JP, Leroy K. Intravenous Injection of PHF-Tau Proteins From Alzheimer Brain Exacerbates Neuroinflammation, Amyloid Beta, and Tau Pathologies in 5XFAD Transgenic Mice. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:106. [PMID: 32765217 PMCID: PMC7381181 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation in the brain of intraneuronal aggregates of abnormally and hyperphosphorylated tau proteins and of extracellular deposits of amyloid-β surrounded by dystrophic neurites. Numerous experimental models have shown that tau pathology develops in the brain after intracerebral injection of brain homogenates or pathological tau [paired helical filaments (PHF)-tau)] from AD brains. Further investigations are however necessary to identify or exclude potential extracerebral routes of tau pathology transmission, e.g., through the intravascular route. In this study, we have analyzed the effect of intravenous injection of PHF-tau proteins from AD brains on the formation of tau and amyloid pathologies in the brain of wild-type (WT) mice and of 5XFAD mice (an amyloid model). We observed that 5XFAD mice with a disrupted blood-brain barrier showed increased plaque-associated astrogliosis, microgliosis, and increased deposits of Aβ40 and Aβ42 after intravenous injection of PHF-tau proteins. In addition, an increased phosphotau immunoreactivity was observed in plaque-associated dystrophic neurites. These results suggest that blood products contaminated by PHF-tau proteins could potentially induce an exacerbation of neuroinflammation and AD pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Houben
- Laboratory of Histology, Neuroanatomy and Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie-Ange de Fisenne
- Laboratory of Histology, Neuroanatomy and Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kunie Ando
- Laboratory of Histology, Neuroanatomy and Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Virginie Vanden Dries
- Laboratory of Histology, Neuroanatomy and Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luc Poncelet
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Biomechanics and Organogenesis, Faculty of Medicine, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Zehra Yilmaz
- Laboratory of Histology, Neuroanatomy and Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Salwa Mansour
- Laboratory of Histology, Neuroanatomy and Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Robert De Decker
- Laboratory of Histology, Neuroanatomy and Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Pierre Brion
- Laboratory of Histology, Neuroanatomy and Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karelle Leroy
- Laboratory of Histology, Neuroanatomy and Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Zhang J, Xiao B, Li CX, Wang Y. Fingolimod (FTY720) improves postoperative cognitive dysfunction in mice subjected to D-galactose-induced aging. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:1308-1315. [PMID: 31960817 PMCID: PMC7047799 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.272617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurocognitive dysfunction is a common postoperative complication, especially in older adult patients. Fingolimod (FTY720) is a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator that has been found to be neuroprotective in several animal models of central nervous system disease. However, few reports have examined whether FTY720 could mitigate postoperative cognitive dysfunction. In this study, we investigated whether FTY720 could prevent postoperative neurocognitive impairment in mice subjected to D-galactose-induced aging. We induced an accelerated model of aging by administering an intraperitoneal injection of D-galactose. Subsequently, we performed a partial hepatolobectomy under sevoflurane anesthesia. FTY720 (1 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally 3 hours before and 24 hours after anesthesia and surgery. Our results indicated that anesthesia and surgery significantly impaired spatial memory in the Y-maze test 6 hours after surgery. We also found that problem solving ability and long-term memory in the puzzle box test on postoperative days 2-4 were significantly improved by FTY720 treatment. Immunohistochemical staining and western blot assay demonstrated that FTY720 significantly inhibited microglial activation in the hippocampal CA1 region of mice 6 hours and 3 days after anesthesia, and down-regulated the expression of synaptic-related proteins postsynaptic density protein 95 and GluR2 in the hippocampus. These results indicate that FTY720 improved postoperative neurocognitive dysfunction in mice subjected to D-galactose-induced aging. This study was approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University of China (approval No. LLSC (LA) 2016-025) on September 27, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Bin Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Chen-Xu Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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Molecular Effects of FDA-Approved Multiple Sclerosis Drugs on Glial Cells and Neurons of the Central Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124229. [PMID: 32545828 PMCID: PMC7352301 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by peripheral and central inflammatory features, as well as demyelination and neurodegeneration. The available Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs for MS have been designed to suppress the peripheral immune system. In addition, however, the effects of these drugs may be partially attributed to their influence on glial cells and neurons of the central nervous system (CNS). We here describe the molecular effects of the traditional and more recent FDA-approved MS drugs Fingolimod, Dimethyl Fumarate, Glatiramer Acetate, Interferon-β, Teriflunomide, Laquinimod, Natalizumab, Alemtuzumab and Ocrelizumab on microglia, astrocytes, neurons and oligodendrocytes. Furthermore, we point to a possible common molecular effect of these drugs, namely a key role for NFκB signaling, causing a switch from pro-inflammatory microglia and astrocytes to anti-inflammatory phenotypes of these CNS cell types that recently emerged as central players in MS pathogenesis. This notion argues for the need to further explore the molecular mechanisms underlying MS drug action.
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Machhi J, Kevadiya BD, Muhammad IK, Herskovitz J, Olson KE, Mosley RL, Gendelman HE. Harnessing regulatory T cell neuroprotective activities for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Mol Neurodegener 2020; 15:32. [PMID: 32503641 PMCID: PMC7275301 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-020-00375-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence demonstrates that adaptive immunity influences the pathobiology of neurodegenerative disorders. Misfolded aggregated self-proteins can break immune tolerance leading to the induction of autoreactive effector T cells (Teffs) with associated decreases in anti-inflammatory neuroprotective regulatory T cells (Tregs). An imbalance between Teffs and Tregs leads to microglial activation, inflammation and neuronal injury. The cascade of such a disordered immunity includes the drainage of the aggregated protein antigens into cervical lymph nodes serving to amplify effector immune responses. Both preclinical and clinical studies demonstrate transformation of this altered immunity for therapeutic gain. We posit that the signs and symptoms of common neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and stroke can be attenuated by boosting Treg activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatin Machhi
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880 USA
| | - Bhavesh D. Kevadiya
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880 USA
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, 94304 USA
| | - Ijaz Khan Muhammad
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880 USA
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Swabi, Anbar Swabi, 23561 Pakistan
| | - Jonathan Herskovitz
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880 USA
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880 USA
| | - Katherine E. Olson
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880 USA
| | - R. Lee Mosley
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880 USA
| | - Howard E. Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880 USA
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880 USA
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Fingolimod Affects Transcription of Genes Encoding Enzymes of Ceramide Metabolism in Animal Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:2799-2811. [PMID: 32356173 PMCID: PMC7253528 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01908-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The imbalance in sphingolipid signaling may be critically linked to the upstream events in the neurodegenerative cascade of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We analyzed the influence of mutant (V717I) amyloid β precursor protein (AβPP) transgene on sphingolipid metabolism enzymes in mouse hippocampus. At 3 months of age AβPP/Aβ presence upregulated enzymes of ceramide turnover on the salvage pathway: ceramide synthases (CERS2, CERS4, CERS6) and also ceramidase ACER3. At 6 months, only CERS6 was elevated, and no ceramide synthase was increased at 12 months. However, sphingomyelin synthases, which utilize ceramide on the sphingomyelinase pathway, were reduced (SGMS1 at 12 and SGMS2 at 6 months). mRNAs for sphingomyelin synthases SGMS1 and SGMS2 were also significantly downregulated in human AD hippocampus and neocortex when compared with age-matched controls. Our findings suggest early-phase deregulation of sphingolipid homeostasis in favor of ceramide signaling. Fingolimod (FTY720), a modulator of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors countered the AβPP-dependent upregulation of hippocampal ceramide synthase CERS2 at 3 months. Moreover, at 12 months, FTY720 increased enzymes of ceramide-sphingosine turnover: CERS4, ASAH1, and ACER3. We also observed influence of fingolimod on the expression of the sphingomyelinase pathway enzymes. FTY720 counteracted the AβPP-linked reduction of sphingomyelin synthases SGMS1/2 (at 12 and 6 months, respectively) and led to elevation of sphingomyelinase SMPD2 (at 6 and 12 months). Therefore, our results demonstrate potentially beneficial, age-specific effects of fingolimod on transcription of sphingolipid metabolism enzymes in an animal model of AD.
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