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Kaur H, Mir RA, Hussain SJ, Prasad B, Kumar P, Aloo BN, Sharma CM, Dubey RC. Prospects of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms in sustainable agriculture. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:291. [PMID: 39105959 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-04086-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P), an essential macronutrient for various plant processes, is generally a limiting soil component for crop growth and yields. Organic and inorganic types of P are copious in soils, but their phyto-availability is limited as it is present largely in insoluble forms. Although phosphate fertilizers are applied in P-deficit soils, their undue use negatively impacts soil quality and the environment. Moreover, many P fertilizers are lost because of adsorption and fixation mechanisms, further reducing fertilizer efficiencies. The application of phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms (PSMs) is an environmentally friendly, low-budget, and biologically efficient method for sustainable agriculture without causing environmental hazards. These beneficial microorganisms are widely distributed in the rhizosphere and can hydrolyze inorganic and organic insoluble P substances to soluble P forms which are directly assimilated by plants. The present review summarizes and discusses our existing understanding related to various forms and sources of P in soils, the importance and P utilization by plants and microbes,, the diversification of PSMs along with mixed consortia of diverse PSMs including endophytic PSMs, the mechanism of P solubilization, and lastly constraints being faced in terms of production and adoption of PSMs on large scale have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harmanjit Kaur
- Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, 211002, India
| | - Rakeeb Ahmad Mir
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, Jammu, Kashmir, 191201, India
| | - Sofi Javed Hussain
- Department of Botany, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, Jammu, Kashmir, 191201, India
| | - Bhairav Prasad
- Department of Biotechnology, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, SAS Nagar, Landran, Punjab, 140307, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, H.N.B. Garhwal University (A Central University), Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand, 246174, India.
| | - Becky N Aloo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Eldoret, P. O. Box 1125-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Chandra Mohan Sharma
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, H.N.B. Garhwal University (A Central University), Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand, 246174, India
| | - Ramesh Chandra Dubey
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukul Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, 249404, India
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Fu SF, Balasubramanian VK, Chen CL, Tran TT, Muthuramalingam JB, Chou JY. The phosphate-solubilising fungi in sustainable agriculture: unleashing the potential of fungal biofertilisers for plant growth. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2024; 69:697-712. [PMID: 38937405 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-024-01181-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Phosphate-solubilising fungi (PSF) are beneficial microorganisms that play a pivotal role in plant growth by increasing the availability of phosphorus (P) in soil. Although phosphorus is an essential nutrient for plants, it often becomes inaccessible as it binds into insoluble forms. PSF effectively facilitate the release of this bound phosphorus through diverse mechanisms. Numerous fungal species demonstrate the ability to solubilise various types of phosphate compounds. Among the commonly researched PSF are Penicillium, Aspergillus, Rhizopus, Fusarium, Trichoderma, and Sclerotium. Moreover, yeasts such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae can potentially be leveraged as PSF. PSF secrete organic acids that chelate phosphate ions, thereby increasing their solubility in the soil. Moreover, PSF contribute to the decomposition of organic phosphorus compounds in soil by employing enzymes such as phosphatases, phytases, and phosphonatases. Furthermore, PSF can interact with other soil microorganisms, including nitrogen-fixing bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM-fungi), fostering synergistic effects that further enhance plant growth and nutrient absorption. The utilisation of PSF as biofertilisers offers numerous advantages over chemical fertilisers, including environmental friendliness, cost-effectiveness, and enhanced fertiliser utilisation efficiency. Furthermore, PSF can prove beneficial in challenging environments characterised by high phosphate sorption. Hence, this review serves as an updated study aimed at broadening the understanding of PSF and its potential applications in P solubilisation. This review also focuses on the diversity of PSF, the mechanisms underlying solubilisation, ecological roles of PSF in soil microbiome, and the benefits of sustainable agriculture. By delving into the ecological roles of PSF and their potential as biofertilisers, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of sustainable agriculture practices and addresses challenges in phosphate-scarce environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Feng Fu
- Department of Biology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua City, 500, Taiwan
| | | | - Chih-Ling Chen
- Department of Biology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua City, 500, Taiwan
| | - Thuy Trang Tran
- Department of Biology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua City, 500, Taiwan
- Department of Food Science, Penn State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | | | - Jui-Yu Chou
- Department of Biology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua City, 500, Taiwan.
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Wang X, Fang J, Li L, Li X, Liu P, Song B, Adams J, Xiao Y, Fang Z. Gongronella sp. w5 hydrolyzes plant sucrose and releases fructose to recruit phosphate-solubilizing bacteria to provide plants with phosphorus. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0053424. [PMID: 38904410 PMCID: PMC11267922 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00534-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of how plant-beneficial rhizospheric fungi interact with the soil microbial community to promote plant growth by facilitating their phosphorus acquisition are poorly understood. This work supported that a Mucoromycotina fungus, Gongronella sp. w5 (w5), could promote phosphorus uptake of Medicago truncatula by increasing the available phosphorus (P) in the soil. The abundance of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in alfalfa rhizosphere soil increased after w5 inoculation. Further analysis showed that w5 donated a portion of ALP activity and also stimulated the PSB to secrete ALP during plant-w5-PSB interaction to help release more available P in the rhizosphere of M. truncatula. Unlike most plant-beneficial rhizospheric fungi that mainly acquire hexoses from plants, w5 gained sucrose directly from the host plant and then recruited PSB to aid P acquisition by hydrolyzing sucrose and releasing mainly fructose to induce PSB to secrete ALP. IMPORTANCE This work supported that after absorbing plant sucrose, Gongronella sp. w5 mainly releases sucrose hydrolysis product fructose into the environment. Fructose was used as a carbon source and signaling molecules to induce PSB to co-produce higher alkaline phosphatase activity, releasing soil-available phosphorus and promoting M. truncatula growth. This is the first report that plant-beneficial fungi could directly metabolize sucrose from plants and then recruit PSB to aid P acquisition by providing fructose. Our findings revealed the diversity in pathways of plant-fungi-PSB interactions on soil P acquisition and deepened our understanding of the cooperation of growth-promoting microorganisms in plant rhizosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Junnan Fang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Li Li
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xing Li
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Pu Liu
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Bin Song
- School of Geography and Ocean Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jonathan Adams
- School of Geography and Ocean Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yazhong Xiao
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zemin Fang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Yang X, Liu C, Liang C, Wang T, Tian J. The Phosphorus-Iron Nexus: Decoding the Nutrients Interaction in Soil and Plant. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6992. [PMID: 39000100 PMCID: PMC11241702 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) and iron (Fe) are two essential mineral nutrients in plant growth. It is widely observed that interactions of P and Fe could influence their availability in soils and affect their homeostasis in plants, which has received significant attention in recent years. This review presents a summary of latest advances in the activation of insoluble Fe-P complexes by soil properties, microorganisms, and plants. Furthermore, we elucidate the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying how plants adapt to Fe-P interactions. This review also discusses the current limitations and presents potential avenues for promoting sustainable agriculture through the optimization of P and Fe utilization efficiency in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tianqi Wang
- Root Biology Center, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.Y.); (C.L.); (C.L.); (J.T.)
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Yang G, Liu C, Gu L, Chen Q, Zhang X. Studies on the Phosphorus-Solubilizing Ability of Isaria cateinannulata and Its Influence on the Growth of Fagopyrum tataricum Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1694. [PMID: 38931126 PMCID: PMC11207288 DOI: 10.3390/plants13121694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
I. cateinannulata has been shown to promote the growth of F. tataricum. However, whether its growth-promoting capacity is related to its ability to solubilize phosphorus has not been reported. Therefore, in this study, we sought to assess the phosphorus-solubilizing ability of 18 strains of I. cateinannulata by analyzing their growth in an inorganic phosphorus culture medium. The effects of F. tataricum on growth and effective phosphorus content were analyzed through field experiments. The results showed that all 18 strains of I. cateinannulata had a phosphorus release capacity, with phosphorus solubilization ranging from 5.14 ± 0.37 mg/L to 6.21 ± 0.01 mg/L, and strain 9 exhibited the best phosphorus solubilization effect. Additionally, the field results demonstrated that I. cateinannulata positively influenced the growth, root length, and yield of F. tataricum by increasing the chlorophyll and soluble phosphorus content. This study will provide a material basis and theoretical support for investigating the interaction mechanism between I. cateinannulata and F. tataricum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guimin Yang
- Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, College of Life Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China; (G.Y.); (L.G.)
| | - Can Liu
- School of International Education, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China;
| | - Lingdi Gu
- Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, College of Life Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China; (G.Y.); (L.G.)
| | - Qingfu Chen
- Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, College of Life Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China; (G.Y.); (L.G.)
| | - Xiaona Zhang
- Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, College of Life Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China; (G.Y.); (L.G.)
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Guan Q, Cheng X, He Y, Yan Y, Zhang L, Wang Z, Zhang L, Tian D. Lead remediation by geological fluorapatite combined with Penicillium Oxalicum and Red yeast. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:64. [PMID: 38402158 PMCID: PMC10893623 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02323-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Phosphate solubilizing fungi Penicillium oxalicum (POX) and Red yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (Rho) have been applied in Pb remediation with the combination of fluorapatite (FAp), respectively. The secretion of oxalic acid by POX and the production of extracellular polymers (EPS) by Rho dominate the Pb remediation. In this study, the potential of Pb remediation by the fungal combined system (POX and Rho) with FAp was investigated. After six days of incubation, the combination of POX and Rho showed the highest Pb remove ratio (99.7%) and the lowest TCLP-Pb concentration (2.9 mg/L). The EPS combined with POX also enhanced Pb remediation, which has a 99.3% Pb removal ratio and 5.5 mg/L TCLP-Pb concentration. Meanwhile, Rho and EPS can also stimulate POX to secrete more oxalic acid, which reached 1510.1 and 1450.6 mg/L in six days, respectively. The secreted oxalic acid can promote FAp dissolution and the formation of lead oxalate and pyromorphite. Meanwhile, the EPS produced by Rho can combine with Pb to form EPS-Pb. In the combined system of POX + Rho and POX + EPS, all of the lead oxalate, pyromorphite, and EPS-Pb were observed. Our findings suggest that the combined application of POX and Rho with FAp is an effective approach for enhancing Pb remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Guan
- Ministry of Ecology and Environment Peoples Republic of China, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, No. 8, Jiangwang Miao Street, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Xiaohui Cheng
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Nutrient Utilization, Anhui Province Engineering and Technology Research Center of Intelligent Manufacture and Efficient Utilization of Green Phosphorus Fertilizer, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of JiangHuai Arable Land Resources Protection and Eco-restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, P. R. China
| | - Yue He
- Ministry of Ecology and Environment Peoples Republic of China, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, No. 8, Jiangwang Miao Street, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Yifan Yan
- Ministry of Ecology and Environment Peoples Republic of China, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, No. 8, Jiangwang Miao Street, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Ministry of Ecology and Environment Peoples Republic of China, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, No. 8, Jiangwang Miao Street, Nanjing, 210042, China.
| | - Zhan Wang
- Ministry of Ecology and Environment Peoples Republic of China, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, No. 8, Jiangwang Miao Street, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Liangliang Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Nutrient Utilization, Anhui Province Engineering and Technology Research Center of Intelligent Manufacture and Efficient Utilization of Green Phosphorus Fertilizer, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of JiangHuai Arable Land Resources Protection and Eco-restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, P. R. China
| | - Da Tian
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Nutrient Utilization, Anhui Province Engineering and Technology Research Center of Intelligent Manufacture and Efficient Utilization of Green Phosphorus Fertilizer, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of JiangHuai Arable Land Resources Protection and Eco-restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, P. R. China.
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Richardson JA, Kim H, Kas JJ, You X, Andersen A, Ginovska B, Bhattacharjee A, Sarangi R. X-ray absorption spectroscopy and theoretical investigations of the effect of extended ligands in potassium organic matter interaction. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:044114. [PMID: 38284657 DOI: 10.1063/5.0183603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Potassium (K) is an essential nutrient for plant growth, and despite its abundance in soil, most of the K is structurally bound in minerals, limiting its bioavailability and making this soil K reservoir largely inaccessible to plants. Microbial biochemical weathering has been shown to be a promising pathway to sustainably increase plant available K. However, the mechanisms underpinning microbial K uptake, transformation, storage, and sharing are poorly resolved. To better understand the controls on microbial K transformations, we performed K K-edge x-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy on K-organic salts, including acetate, citrate, nitrate, oxalate, and tartrate, which are frequently observed as low molecular weight organic acids secreted by soil microbes, as well as humic acid, which acts as a proxy for higher molecular weight organic acids. The organic salts display feature-rich K XANES spectra, each demonstrating numerous unique features spanning ∼13 eV range across the absorption edge. In contrast, the spectra for humic acid have one broad, wide feature across the same energy range. We used a combination of time-dependent density functional theory and the Bethe-Salpeter equation based approach within the OCEAN code to simulate the experimental spectra for K-nitrate (KNO3) and K-citrate [K3(C6H5O7)·H2O] to identify the electronic transitions that give rise to some of the outlying and unique spectral features in the organic salts. KNO3 has both the lowest and highest lying energy features, and K3(C6H5O7)·H2O is produced by several soil microbes and is effective at mineral weathering. Our results analyze the K-organic salt bonding in detail to elucidate why the spectral shapes differ and indicate that the K K-edge XANES spectra are associated with the entire ligand despite similar first-shell bonding environments around the K center. The improved understanding of K bonding environments with organic ligands and their use for interpretation of the K-XANES spectra provides an important toolkit to understand how K is transformed by microbial processes and made bioavailable for plant uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn A Richardson
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Hoshin Kim
- Physical Sciences Division, Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd., Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Joshua J Kas
- Department of Physics, University of Washington Seattle, Box 351560, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Xiao You
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Amity Andersen
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Division, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Blvd., Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Bojana Ginovska
- Physical Sciences Division, Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd., Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Arunima Bhattacharjee
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Division, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Blvd., Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Ritimukta Sarangi
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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Li XL, Lv XY, Ji JB, Wang WD, Wang J, Wang C, He HB, Ben AL, Liu TL. Complete genome sequence of Nguyenibacter sp. L1, a phosphate solubilizing bacterium isolated from Lespedeza bicolor rhizosphere. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1257442. [PMID: 38152372 PMCID: PMC10752598 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1257442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) deficiency is a predominant constraint on plant growth in acidified soils, largely due to the sequestration of P by toxic aluminum (Al) compounds. Indigenous phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria (PSBs) capable of mobilizing Al-P in these soils hold significant promise. A novel Al-P-solubilizing strain, Al-P Nguyenibacter sp. L1, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of healthy Lespedeza bicolor plants indigenous to acidic terrains. However, our understanding of the genomic landscape of bacterial species within the genus Nguyenibacter remains in its infancy. To further explore its biotechnological potentialities, we sequenced the complete genome of this strain, employing an amalgamation of Oxford Nanopore ONT and Illumina sequencing platforms. The resultant genomic sequence of Nguyenibacter sp. L1 manifests as a singular, circular chromosome encompassing 4,294,433 nucleotides and displaying a GC content of 66.73%. The genome was found to host 3,820 protein-coding sequences, 12 rRNAs, and 55 tRNAs. Intriguingly, annotations derived from the eggNOG and KEGG databases indicate the presence of genes affiliated with phosphorus solubilization and nitrogen fixation, including iscU, glnA, and gltB/D associated with nitrogen fixation, and pqqBC associated with inorganic phosphate dissolution. Several bioactive secondary metabolite genes in the genome, including pqqCDE, phytoene synthase and squalene synthase predicted by antiSMASH. Moreover, we uncovered a complete metabolic pathway for ammonia, suggesting an ammonia-affinity property inherent to Nguyenibacter sp. L1. This study verifies the nitrogen-fixing and phosphate-dissolving abilities of Nguyenibacter sp. L1 at the molecular level through genetic screening and analysis. The insights gleaned from this study offer strategic guidance for future strain enhancement and establish a strong foundation for the potential incorporation of this bacterium into agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li Li
- School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Yang Lv
- School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Bin Ji
- School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Duo Wang
- School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ji Wang
- School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cong Wang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Hai Bin He
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ai Ling Ben
- School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Li Liu
- School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing, China
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Khuna S, Kumla J, Srinuanpan S, Lumyong S, Suwannarach N. Multifarious Characterization and Efficacy of Three Phosphate-Solubilizing Aspergillus Species as Biostimulants in Improving Root Induction of Cassava and Sugarcane Stem Cuttings. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3630. [PMID: 37896093 PMCID: PMC10610185 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Several soil fungi significantly contribute to the enhancement of plant development by improving nutrient uptake and producing growth-promoting metabolites. In the present study, three strains of phosphate-solubilizing fungi, namely, Aspergillus chiangmaiensis SDBR-CMUI4, A. pseudopiperis SDBR-CMUI1, and A. pseudotubingensis SDBR-CMUO2, were examined for their plant-growth-promoting capabilities. The findings demonstrated that all fungi showed positive siderophore production, but only A. pseudopiperis can produce indole-3-acetic acid. All fungi were able to solubilize insoluble phosphate minerals [Ca3(PO4)2 and FePO4] by producing phosphatase enzymes and organic acids (oxalic, tartaric, and succinic acids). These three fungal species were grown at a water activity ranging from 0.837 to 0.998, pH values ranging from 4 to 9, temperatures between 4 and 40 °C, and 16-17% NaCl in order to evaluate their drought, pH, temperature, and salt tolerances, respectively. Moreover, the results indicated that A. pseudopiperis and A. pseudotubingensis were able to tolerate commercial insecticides (methomyl and propargite) at the recommended dosages for field application. The viability of each fungal strain in the inoculum was higher than 50% at 4 and 20 °C after 3 months of storage. Subsequently, all fungi were characterized as plant-growth-promoting strains by improving the root inductions of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) stem cuttings in greenhouse experiments. No symptoms of plant disease were observed with any of the treatments involving fungal inoculation and control. The cassava and sugarcane stem cuttings inoculated with fungal strains and supplemented with Ca3(PO4)2 exhibited significantly increased root lengths, shoot and root dry biomasses, chlorophyll concentrations, and cellular inorganic phosphate contents. Therefore, the application of these phosphate-solubilizing fungi is regarded as a new frontier in the induction of roots and the promotion of growth in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surapong Khuna
- Center of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.K.); (J.K.); (S.S.); (S.L.)
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Jaturong Kumla
- Center of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.K.); (J.K.); (S.S.); (S.L.)
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Sirasit Srinuanpan
- Center of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.K.); (J.K.); (S.S.); (S.L.)
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Saisamorn Lumyong
- Center of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.K.); (J.K.); (S.S.); (S.L.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
| | - Nakarin Suwannarach
- Center of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.K.); (J.K.); (S.S.); (S.L.)
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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10
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Suraby EJ, Agisha VN, Dhandapani S, Sng YH, Lim SH, Naqvi NI, Sarojam R, Yin Z, Park BS. Plant growth promotion under phosphate deficiency and improved phosphate acquisition by new fungal strain, Penicillium olsonii TLL1. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1285574. [PMID: 37965551 PMCID: PMC10642178 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1285574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbiomes in soil ecosystems play a significant role in solubilizing insoluble inorganic and organic phosphate sources with low availability and mobility in the soil. They transfer the phosphate ion to plants, thereby promoting plant growth. In this study, we isolated an unidentified fungal strain, POT1 (Penicillium olsonii TLL1) from indoor dust samples, and confirmed its ability to promote root growth, especially under phosphate deficiency, as well as solubilizing activity for insoluble phosphates such as AlPO4, FePO4·4H2O, Ca3(PO4)2, and hydroxyapatite. Indeed, in vermiculite containing low and insoluble phosphate, the shoot fresh weight of Arabidopsis and leafy vegetables increased by 2-fold and 3-fold, respectively, with POT1 inoculation. We also conducted tests on crops in Singapore's local soil, which contains highly insoluble phosphate. We confirmed that with POT1, Bok Choy showed a 2-fold increase in shoot fresh weight, and Rice displayed a 2-fold increase in grain yield. Furthermore, we demonstrated that plant growth promotion and phosphate solubilizing activity of POT1 were more effective than those of four different Penicillium strains such as Penicillium bilaiae, Penicillium chrysogenum, Penicillium janthinellum, and Penicillium simplicissimum under phosphate-limiting conditions. Our findings uncover a new fungal strain, provide a better understanding of symbiotic plant-fungal interactions, and suggest the potential use of POT1 as a biofertilizer to improve phosphate uptake and use efficiency in phosphate-limiting conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erinjery Jose Suraby
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Savitha Dhandapani
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yee Hwui Sng
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shi Hui Lim
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Naweed I. Naqvi
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rajani Sarojam
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhongchao Yin
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bong Soo Park
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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11
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Youssef SM, Shaaban A, Abdelkhalik A, Abd El Tawwab AR, Abd Al Halim LR, Rabee LA, Alwutayd KM, Ahmed RMM, Alwutayd R, Hemida KA. Compost and Phosphorus/Potassium-Solubilizing Fungus Effectively Boosted Quinoa's Physio-Biochemical Traits, Nutrient Acquisition, Soil Microbial Community, and Yield and Quality in Normal and Calcareous Soils. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3071. [PMID: 37687318 PMCID: PMC10489913 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Calcareous soil had sufficient phosphorus and potassium (PK) in different forms due to the high contents of PK-bearing minerals; however, the available PK state was reduced due to its PK-fixation capacity. Compost, coupled with high PK solubilization capacity microbes, is a sustainable solution for bioorganic fertilization of plants grown in calcareous soil. A 2-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of compost (20 t ha-1) with Aspergillus niger through soil drenching (C-AN) along with partial substitution of PK fertilization on quinoa performance in normal and calcareous soils. Treatments included PK100% (72 kg P2O5 ha-1 + 60 kg K2O ha-1 as conventional rate), PK100%+C-AN, PK75%+C-AN, PK50%+C-AN, PK25%+C-AN, and only C-AN in normal and calcareous soils. Results showed that C-AN and reduced PK fertilization (up to 75 or 50%) increased photosynthetic pigments and promoted nutrient acquisition in quinoa grown in calcareous soil. Reduced PK fertilization to 75 or 50% plus C-AN in calcareous soil increased osmoprotectants, nonenzymatic antioxidants, and DPPH scavenging activity of quinoa's leaves compared to the PK0%+C-AN treatment. The integrative application of high PK levels and C-AN enhanced the quinoa's seed nutritional quality (i.e., lipids, carbohydrates, mineral contents, total phenolics, total flavonoids, half maximal inhibitory concentration, and antiradical power) in calcareous soil. At reduced PK fertilization (up to 75 or 50%), application of compost with Aspergillus niger through soil drenching increased plant dry weight by 38.7 or 53.2%, hectoliter weight by 3.0 or 2.4%, seed yield by 49.1 or 39.5%, and biological yield by 43.4 or 33.6%, respectively, compared to PK0%+C-AN in calcareous soil. The highest P-solubilizing microorganism's population was found at PK0%+C-AN in calcareous soil, while the highest Azotobacter sp. population was observed under high PK levels + C-AN in normal soil. Our study recommends that compost with Aspergillus niger as a bioorganic fertilization treatment can partially substitute PK fertilization and boost quinoa's tolerance to salt calcareous-affected soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah M. Youssef
- Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt; (S.M.Y.); (A.A.)
| | - Ahmed Shaaban
- Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt
| | - Abdelsattar Abdelkhalik
- Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt; (S.M.Y.); (A.A.)
| | - Ahmed R. Abd El Tawwab
- Soil and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt; (A.R.A.E.T.); (R.M.M.A.)
| | - Laila R. Abd Al Halim
- Agricultural Microbiology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt;
| | - Laila A. Rabee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt;
| | - Khairiah Mubarak Alwutayd
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Reda M. M. Ahmed
- Soil and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt; (A.R.A.E.T.); (R.M.M.A.)
| | - Rahaf Alwutayd
- Department of Information Technology, College of Computer and Information Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Khaulood A. Hemida
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt;
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12
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Wang L, Tian D, Zhang X, Han M, Cheng X, Ye X, Zhang C, Gao H, Li Z. The Regulation of Phosphorus Release by Penicillium chrysogenum in Different Phosphate via the TCA Cycle and Mycelial Morphology. J Microbiol 2023; 61:765-775. [PMID: 37665553 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-023-00072-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate-solubilizing fungi (PSF) efficiently dissolve insoluble phosphates through the production of organic acids. This study investigates the mechanisms of organic acid secretion by PSF, specifically Penicillium chrysogenum, under tricalcium phosphate (Ca3(PO4)2, Ca-P) and ferric phosphate (FePO4, Fe-P) conditions. Penicillium chrysogenum exhibited higher phosphorus (P) release efficiency from Ca-P (693.6 mg/L) than from Fe-P (162.6 mg/L). However, Fe-P significantly enhanced oxalic acid (1193.7 mg/L) and citric acid (227.7 mg/L) production by Penicillium chrysogenum compared with Ca-P (905.7 and 3.5 mg/L, respectively). The presence of Fe-P upregulated the expression of genes and activity of enzymes related to the tricarboxylic acid cycle, including pyruvate dehydrogenase and citrate synthase. Additionally, Fe-P upregulated the expression of chitinase and endoglucanase genes, inducing a transformation of Penicillium chrysogenum mycelial morphology from pellet to filamentous. The filamentous morphology exhibited higher efficiency in oxalic acid secretion and P release from Fe-P and Ca-P. Compared with pellet morphology, filamentous morphology enhanced P release capacity by > 40% and > 18% in Ca-P and Fe-P, respectively. This study explored the strategies employed by PSF to improve the dissolution of different insoluble phosphates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Wang
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, Anhui Province Engineering and Technology Research Center of Intelligent Manufacture and Efficient Utilization of Green Phosphorus Fertilizer, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of JiangHuai Arable Land Resources Protection and Eco-Restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Da Tian
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, Anhui Province Engineering and Technology Research Center of Intelligent Manufacture and Efficient Utilization of Green Phosphorus Fertilizer, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of JiangHuai Arable Land Resources Protection and Eco-Restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoru Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, Anhui Province Engineering and Technology Research Center of Intelligent Manufacture and Efficient Utilization of Green Phosphorus Fertilizer, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of JiangHuai Arable Land Resources Protection and Eco-Restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxue Han
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, Anhui Province Engineering and Technology Research Center of Intelligent Manufacture and Efficient Utilization of Green Phosphorus Fertilizer, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of JiangHuai Arable Land Resources Protection and Eco-Restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Cheng
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, Anhui Province Engineering and Technology Research Center of Intelligent Manufacture and Efficient Utilization of Green Phosphorus Fertilizer, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of JiangHuai Arable Land Resources Protection and Eco-Restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Ye
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, Anhui Province Engineering and Technology Research Center of Intelligent Manufacture and Efficient Utilization of Green Phosphorus Fertilizer, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of JiangHuai Arable Land Resources Protection and Eco-Restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaochun Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, Anhui Province Engineering and Technology Research Center of Intelligent Manufacture and Efficient Utilization of Green Phosphorus Fertilizer, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of JiangHuai Arable Land Resources Protection and Eco-Restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjian Gao
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, Anhui Province Engineering and Technology Research Center of Intelligent Manufacture and Efficient Utilization of Green Phosphorus Fertilizer, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of JiangHuai Arable Land Resources Protection and Eco-Restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic SolidWaste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Petrosyan K, Thijs S, Piwowarczyk R, Ruraż K, Kaca W, Vangronsveld J. Diversity and potential plant growth promoting capacity of seed endophytic bacteria of the holoparasite Cistanche phelypaea (Orobanchaceae). Sci Rep 2023; 13:11835. [PMID: 37481658 PMCID: PMC10363106 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38899-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Salt marshes are highly dynamic, biologically diverse ecosystems with a broad range of ecological functions. We investigated the endophytic bacterial community of surface sterilized seeds of the holoparasitic Cistanche phelypaea growing in coastal salt marshes of the Iberian Peninsula in Portugal. C. phelypaea is the only representative of the genus Cistanche that was reported in such habitat. Using high-throughput sequencing methods, 23 bacterial phyla and 263 different OTUs on genus level were found. Bacterial strains belonging to phyla Proteobacteria and Actinobacteriota were dominating. Also some newly classified or undiscovered bacterial phyla, unclassified and unexplored taxonomic groups, symbiotic Archaea groups inhabited the C. phelypaea seeds. γ-Proteobacteria was the most diverse phylogenetic group. Sixty-three bacterial strains belonging to Bacilli, Actinomycetes, α-, γ- and β-Proteobacteria and unclassified bacteria were isolated. We also investigated the in vitro PGP traits and salt tolerance of the isolates. Among the Actinobacteria, Micromonospora spp. showed the most promising endophytes in the seeds. Taken together, the results indicated that the seeds were inhabited by halotolerant bacterial strains that may play a role in mitigating the adverse effects of salt stress on the host plant. In future research, these bacteria should be assessed as potential sources of novel and unique bioactive compounds or as novel bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Petrosyan
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka 7, 25-406, Kielce, Poland.
- Environmental Biology Research Group, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Sofie Thijs
- Environmental Biology Research Group, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Renata Piwowarczyk
- Department of Environmental Biology, Center for Research and Conservation of Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka 7, 25-406, Kielce, Poland
| | - Karolina Ruraż
- Department of Environmental Biology, Center for Research and Conservation of Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka 7, 25-406, Kielce, Poland
| | - Wiesław Kaca
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka 7, 25-406, Kielce, Poland
| | - Jaco Vangronsveld
- Environmental Biology Research Group, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka, 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
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14
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Luo M, Li Z, Su M, Gadd GM, Yin Z, Benton MJ, Pan Y, Zheng D, Zhao T, Li Z, Chen Y. Fungal-induced fossil biomineralization. Curr Biol 2023:S0960-9822(23)00548-1. [PMID: 37230078 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Exceptional preservation of fossils has often been attributed to the actions of bacteria that aid in the preservation of soft tissues that normally decay rapidly. However, it is well known that fungi play a major role in organic matter decomposition, biogeochemical cycling of elements, and metal-mineral transformations in modern ecosystems. Although the fungal fossil record can be traced back over a billion years, there are only a few recorded examples of fungal roles in fossilization. In this research, we have carried out a detailed geobiological investigation on early Pleistocene hyena coprolites (fossilized dung) in an attempt to ascertain possible fungal involvement in their formation. Using an advanced microscopic and mineralogical approach, we found that numerous hydroxyapatite nanofibers (25-34 nm on average), interwoven to form spheroidal structures, constituted the matrix of the coprolites in addition to food remains. These structures were found to be extremely similar in texture and mineral composition to biominerals produced during laboratory culture of a common saprophytic and geoactive fungus, Aspergillus niger, in the presence of a solid source of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P). This observation, and our other data obtained, strongly suggests that fungal metabolism can provide a mechanism that can result in fossil biomineralization, and we hypothesize, therefore, that this may have contributed to the formation of well-preserved fossils (Lagerstätten) in the geological record. The characteristic polycrystalline nanofibers may also have served as a potential biosignature for fungal life in early Earth and extraterrestrial environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, China.
| | - Zhen Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mu Su
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Geoffrey Michael Gadd
- Geomicrobiology Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK; State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Pollution Control, College of Chemical Engineering and Environment, China University of Petroleum, 18 Fuxue Road, Changping District, Beijing 102249, China.
| | - Zongjun Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, China
| | - Michael J Benton
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK
| | - Yanhong Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Centre for Research and Education on Biological Evolution and Environment and Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Daran Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, China
| | - Tao Zhao
- Institute of Palaeontology, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Earth System Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Zibo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yuxuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
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15
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Tian D, Zhang X, Wang L, Han M, Zhang C, Ye X. Lead remediation is promoted by phosphate-solubilizing fungi and apatite via the enhanced production of organic acid. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1180431. [PMID: 37064227 PMCID: PMC10097878 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1180431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is one of the most common heavy metal pollutants in the environment, which can indirectly or directly threaten human health. Lead immobilization by apatite can reduce the effectiveness of Pb cations via the formation of pyromorphite (Pyro). However, the formation of Pyro is always depending on the release of phosphorus (P) from apatite. Phosphate-solubilizing fungi (PSF) can secrete large amounts of organic acid to promote the release of P from apatite. Although the combination of PSF and apatite has shown a huge potential in Pb remediation, this pathway needs to be more attention, especially for organic acid secretion by PSF. This research mainly reviews the possible pathway to strengthen Pb immobilization by PSF and apatite. Meanwhile, the limitation of this approach is also reviewed, with the aim of a better stabilizing effect of Pb in the environment and promoting the development of these remediation technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Tian
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Conservation and Pollution Prevention, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Engineering and Technology Research Center of Intelligent Manufacture and Efficient Utilization of Green Phosphorus Fertilizer, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of JiangHuai Arable Land Resources Protection and Eco-Restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources P. R. C, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoru Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Conservation and Pollution Prevention, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Engineering and Technology Research Center of Intelligent Manufacture and Efficient Utilization of Green Phosphorus Fertilizer, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of JiangHuai Arable Land Resources Protection and Eco-Restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources P. R. C, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Liyan Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Conservation and Pollution Prevention, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Engineering and Technology Research Center of Intelligent Manufacture and Efficient Utilization of Green Phosphorus Fertilizer, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of JiangHuai Arable Land Resources Protection and Eco-Restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources P. R. C, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Mingxue Han
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Conservation and Pollution Prevention, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Engineering and Technology Research Center of Intelligent Manufacture and Efficient Utilization of Green Phosphorus Fertilizer, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of JiangHuai Arable Land Resources Protection and Eco-Restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources P. R. C, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Chaochun Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Conservation and Pollution Prevention, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Engineering and Technology Research Center of Intelligent Manufacture and Efficient Utilization of Green Phosphorus Fertilizer, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of JiangHuai Arable Land Resources Protection and Eco-Restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources P. R. C, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Chaochun Zhang, ; Xinxin Ye,
| | - Xinxin Ye
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Conservation and Pollution Prevention, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Engineering and Technology Research Center of Intelligent Manufacture and Efficient Utilization of Green Phosphorus Fertilizer, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of JiangHuai Arable Land Resources Protection and Eco-Restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources P. R. C, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Chaochun Zhang, ; Xinxin Ye,
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16
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Zhang L, Yang X, Li S, Tang L, Chen T, Gu T, Chen G, Gadd GM, Li Z. A contrast of Pb(II), Cd(II), and Cu(II) toxicities to Aspergillus niger through biochemical, morphological, and genetic investigations. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 446:130691. [PMID: 36608576 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of metals to microorganisms is highly correlated with the type of metal used. However, the differences in the resistance mechanisms of filamentous fungi to multiple metals remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the responses of Aspergillus niger to three toxic metals, i.e., Pb2+, Cd2+, and Cu2+. Fungal growth and metabolism indices showed that A. niger had a higher tolerance to Pb2+ (>1000 mg L-1) than to Cu2+ (300 mg L-1) and Cd2+ (50 mg L-1). An appropriate Pb2+ concentration (<500 mg L-1) stimulated fungal growth and metabolic activity, whereas Cd2+ and Cu2+ stress showed continuously negative influences on fungal physiological parameters, such as biomass and secretion of oxalic acid. A. niger responded to Pb stress by constructing a new border layer around its cell wall. This pathway was also confirmed using RNA-seq analysis, i.e., the gene encoding cell wall α-1,3-glucan synthase was upregulated. This upregulation subsequently promoted the production of polysaccharides, which are the main components that support fungal cell walls. In contrast, the expression of genes encoding both AAA family ATPase and efflux pump antibiotic resistance proteins for Cd2+ and Cu2+ was significantly downregulated. Therefore, these findings elucidated the relatively complete fungal responses to different metal stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Geomicrobiology Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Xin Yang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Sensen Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lingyi Tang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Tianyi Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Tingting Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Genqiang Chen
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Geoffrey Michael Gadd
- Geomicrobiology Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK; State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Pollution Control, College of Chemical Engineering and Environment, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China.
| | - Zhen Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Kumar S, Panwar P, Sehrawat N, Upadhyay SK, Sharma AK, Singh M, Yadav M. Oxalic acid: recent developments for cost-effective microbial production. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2023. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2022-0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Organic acids are the important compounds that have found numerous applications in various industries. Oxalic acid is one of the important organic acids with different industrial applications. Different microbes have been reported as important sources of various organic acids. Majority of studies have been carried on fungal sources for oxalic acid production. Aspergillus sp. has been found efficient oxalic acid producer. Microbial productions of metabolites including organic acids are considered cost effective and eco-friendly approach over chemical synthesis. Fermentative production of microbial oxalic acid seems to be a good alternative as compared to chemical methods. Microbial production of oxalic acid still requires the extensive and elaborated research for its commercial production from efficient microbes using cost effective substrates. The present text summarizes the production of oxalic acid, its applications and recent developments in the direction of fermentative production of microbial oxalic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Kumar
- Department of Bioinformatics , Janta Vedic College , Baraut-Baghpat , Uttar Pradesh 250611 , India
| | - Priya Panwar
- Department of Biotechnology , M.M.E.C., Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University) , Mullana-Ambala 133207 , India
| | - Nirmala Sehrawat
- Department of Biotechnology , M.M.E.C., Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University) , Mullana-Ambala 133207 , India
| | - Sushil Kumar Upadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology , M.M.E.C., Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University) , Mullana-Ambala 133207 , India
| | - Anil Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology , M.M.E.C., Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University) , Mullana-Ambala 133207 , India
| | - Manoj Singh
- Department of Biotechnology , M.M.E.C., Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University) , Mullana-Ambala 133207 , India
| | - Mukesh Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology , M.M.E.C., Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University) , Mullana-Ambala 133207 , India
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Wang X, Wu Z, Xiang H, He Y, Zhu S, Zhang Z, Li X, Wang J. Whole genome analysis of Enterobacter cloacae Rs-2 and screening of genes related to plant-growth promotion. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:21548-21564. [PMID: 36272007 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23564-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The genus Enterobacter is widely recognized for its biotechnology potential in improving soil environment and crop growth promotion. To further explore these biotechnological potentials, we sequenced and analyzed the whole genome of Enterobacter cloacae Rs-2. The analysis showed that the total length of the Rs-2 genome was 6,965,070,514 bp, and GC content was 55.80%; the annotation results of GO and COG databases showed that the genome contains a variety of growth-promoting genes, such as iscU, glnA, glnB (nitrogen fixation); iucABCD (siderophore synthesis) and fepA, fcuA, fhuA, and pfeA, etc. (siderophore transport); ipdC (secreted IAA) and gcd, pqqBCDEF (dissolved phosphorus), etc. No pathogenic factors such as virulence genes were found. The application of Rs-2 as a soil inoculant in pot experiments showed great potential for growth promotion. This study proved the plant growth-promoting ability of Rs-2 at the molecular level through genetic screening and analysis, which provided guidance for the further improvement of the strain and laid a foundation for its application in agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Wang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Textile Chemical Engineering Auxiliaries, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, 710048, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhansheng Wu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Textile Chemical Engineering Auxiliaries, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, 710048, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huichun Xiang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Textile Chemical Engineering Auxiliaries, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, 710048, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhui He
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Textile Chemical Engineering Auxiliaries, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, 710048, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangxi Zhu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Textile Chemical Engineering Auxiliaries, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, 710048, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyan Zhang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Textile Chemical Engineering Auxiliaries, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, 710048, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueping Li
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Textile Chemical Engineering Auxiliaries, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, 710048, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwen Wang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Textile Chemical Engineering Auxiliaries, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, 710048, People's Republic of China
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Vera-Morales M, López Medina SE, Naranjo-Morán J, Quevedo A, Ratti MF. Nematophagous Fungi: A Review of Their Phosphorus Solubilization Potential. Microorganisms 2023; 11:137. [PMID: 36677427 PMCID: PMC9867276 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nematophagous fungi (NF) are a group of diverse fungal genera that benefit plants. The aim of this review is to increase comprehension about the importance of nematophagous fungi and their role in phosphorus solubilization to favor its uptake in agricultural ecosystems. They use different mechanisms, such as acidification in the medium, organic acids production, and the secretion of enzymes and metabolites that promote the bioavailability of phosphorus for plants. This study summarizes the processes of solubilization, in addition to the mechanisms of action and use of NF on crops, evidencing the need to include innovative alternatives for the implementation of microbial resources in management plans. In addition, it provides information to help understand the effect of NF to make phosphorus available for plants, showing how these biological means promote phosphorus uptake, thus improving productivity and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Vera-Morales
- Escuela de Postgrado, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Jr. San Martin 392, Trujillo 13007, Perú
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas del Ecuador, CIBE, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30.5 vía Perimetral, Guayaquil EC090112, Ecuador
| | - Segundo E. López Medina
- Escuela de Postgrado, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Jr. San Martin 392, Trujillo 13007, Perú
| | - Jaime Naranjo-Morán
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Vegetal, Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Facultad Ciencias de la Vida, Campus María Auxiliadora, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana (UPS), Km 19.5 Vía a la Costa, Guayaquil P.O. Box 09-01-2074, Ecuador
| | - Adela Quevedo
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas del Ecuador, CIBE, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30.5 vía Perimetral, Guayaquil EC090112, Ecuador
| | - María F. Ratti
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas del Ecuador, CIBE, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30.5 vía Perimetral, Guayaquil EC090112, Ecuador
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, FCV, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30.5 vía Perimetral, Guayaquil EC090608, Ecuador
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20
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He N, Hu L, Jiang C, Li M. Remediation of chromium, zinc, arsenic, lead and antimony contaminated acidic mine soil based on Phanerochaete chrysosporium induced phosphate precipitation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 850:157995. [PMID: 35964759 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microbial induced phosphate precipitation (MIPP) is an advanced bioremediation technology to reduce the mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals (HMs), but the high level of HMs would inhibit the growth of phosphate solubilizing microbes. This study proposed a new combination system for the remediation of multiple HMs contaminated acidic mine soil, which included hydroxyapatite (HAP) and Phanerochaete chrysosporium (P. chrysosporium, PC) that had high phosphate solubilizing ability and HMs tolerance. Experimental data suggested that in HAP/PC treatment after 35 d of remediation, labile Cr, Zn and As could be transformed into the stable fraction with the maximum immobilization efficiencies increased by 53.01 %, 22.43 %, and 35.65 %, respectively. The secretion of organic acids by P. chrysosporium was proved to promote the dissolution of HAP. Besides, the pH value, available phosphorus (AP) and organic matter (OM) increased in treated soil than in original soil, which also indicated the related dissolution-precipitation mechanism of HMs immobilization. Additionally, characterization results revealed that adsorption and ion exchange also played an important role in the remediation process. The overall results suggested that applying P. chrysosporium coupled with HAP could be considered as an efficient strategy for the remediation of multiple HMs contaminated mine soil and laid a foundation for the future exploration of soil microenvironment response during the remediation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni He
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biohydrometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Liang Hu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biohydrometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Chunyangzi Jiang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biohydrometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Mengke Li
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biohydrometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
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21
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Ruan W, Liu J, Li P, Zhao W, Zhang A, Liu S, Wang Z, Liu J. Dynamics of Microbial Communities, Flavor, and Physicochemical Properties during Ziziphus jujube Vinegar Fermentation: Correlation between Microorganisms and Metabolites. Foods 2022; 11:3334. [PMID: 36359947 PMCID: PMC9655239 DOI: 10.3390/foods11213334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Jujube pulp separated from Ziziphus jujube is often discarded after processing, resulting in a serious waste of resources and environmental pollution. Herein, Ziziphus jujube pulp was used as a raw material for vinegar fermentation. To investigate the dynamic distribution of microorganisms and flavor substances in ZJV, correlations between environmental variables (e.g., total acid, reducing sugar, temperature) and flavor substances (organic acids, amino acids, volatile substances) and microorganisms were analyzed. Physicochemical indicators (temperature, total acid, alcohol) were the main factors affecting ZJV fermentation. The middle and later stages of ZJV fermentation were the periods showing the largest accumulation of flavor substances. Organic acids (acetic acid, malic acid, citric acid, lactic acid), amino acids (Asp, Glu, Arg) and volatile substances (ethyl phenylacetate, phenethyl alcohol) were important odor-presenting substances in ZJV. In the bacterial community, the Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) with an average relative abundance of more than 10% in at least one fermentation stage were mainly Acetobacter, Lactobacillus and Saccharopolyspora, while it was Thermomyces in the fungal community. Pearson correlation coefficients showed that Penicillium, Lactobacillus and Acetobacter were the core microorganisms, implying that these microorganisms contributed to the flavor formation greatly in ZJV fermentation. This study reveals the correlation between physicochemical indexes and flavor substances and microorganisms in ZJV fermentation. The results of the study can provide a theoretical basis for the development of the ZJV industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ruan
- Institute of Biotechnology and Food Science, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 598 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang 050031, China
- College of Food and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, 26 Yuxiang Street, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Junli Liu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Food Science, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 598 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang 050031, China
| | - Pengliang Li
- Institute of Biotechnology and Food Science, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 598 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang 050031, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Institute of Biotechnology and Food Science, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 598 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang 050031, China
| | - Aixia Zhang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Food Science, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 598 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang 050031, China
| | - Songyan Liu
- Shijiazhuang Quality Inspection Centre of Animal Products, Feed, and Veterinary Drugs, 3 Yixi Street, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Zhixin Wang
- College of Food and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, 26 Yuxiang Street, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Jingke Liu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Food Science, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 598 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang 050031, China
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22
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Meng L, Pan S, Zhou L, Santasup C, Su M, Tian D, Li Z. Evaluating the survival of Aspergillus niger in a highly polluted red soil with addition of Phosphogypsum and bioorganic fertilizer. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:76446-76455. [PMID: 35670942 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21243-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate-solubilizing fungi (PSF) can enhance P release from phosphate minerals to immobilize heavy metals. However, this promotion substantially depends on their survival in highly polluted soils. The aim of this study was to investigate the survival of PSF after addition of phosphogypsum (PG) and bioorganic fertilizer (BF) in the soil with coexistence of multiple heavy metals, e.g., Pb, As, Cd, Sb, etc. Addition of typical PSF (Aspergillus niger) did not promote the formation of pyromorphite (the most stable form of Pb), possibly due to the buffering effect of the soil (the secreted oxalic acid was neutralized) and limited P supply. Meanwhile, despite that A. niger has high tolerance to heavy metal stress, its survival was significantly declined due to the deficiency of available P. It was also shown that PG, as the major by-product in phoschemical industry, still has relatively high available P compared with common natural soils. PG addition dramatically increased available P (up to 93.87 mg/kg) and the subsequent fungal growth. However, sole PG did not promote the formation of pyromorphite, probably as the abundant Fe2+ and Mn2+ prevented the contact between PO43- and Pb2+ in the soil system. The enhanced soil respiration after addition of BF and PG confirmed the promoted microbial activity (elevated to 3465.58 μg C kg h-1). This study showed PG's potential as P source for both microbial growth and heavy metal remediation in soil system. A combination of PG, A. niger, and BF can hence achieve long-term bioremediation of heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzi Meng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shang Pan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Limin Zhou
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Choochad Santasup
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Mu Su
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Da Tian
- Research Centre of Phosphorus Efficient Utilization and Water Environment Protection Along the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, Key Laboratory of JiangHuai Arable Land Resources Protection and Eco-Restoration, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Zhen Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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23
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Timofeeva A, Galyamova M, Sedykh S. Prospects for Using Phosphate-Solubilizing Microorganisms as Natural Fertilizers in Agriculture. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11162119. [PMID: 36015422 PMCID: PMC9414882 DOI: 10.3390/plants11162119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Phosphates are known to be essential for plant growth and development, with phosphorus compounds being involved in various physiological and biochemical reactions. Phosphates are known as one of the most important factors limiting crop yields. The problem of phosphorus deficiency in the soil has traditionally been solved by applying phosphate fertilizers. However, chemical phosphate fertilizers are considered ineffective compared to the organic fertilizers manure and compost. Therefore, increasing the bioavailability of phosphates for plants is one of the primary goals of sustainable agriculture. Phosphate-solubilizing soil microorganisms can make soil-insoluble phosphate bioavailable for plants through solubilization and mineralization. These microorganisms are currently in the focus of interest due to their advantages, such as environmental friendliness, low cost, and high biological efficiency. In this regard, the solubilization of phosphates by soil microorganisms holds strong potential in research, and inoculation of soils or crops with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria is a promising strategy to improve plant phosphate uptake. In this review, we analyze all the species of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria described in the literature to date. We discuss key mechanisms of solubilization of mineral phosphates and mineralization of organic phosphate-containing compounds: organic acids secreted by bacteria for the mobilization of insoluble inorganic phosphates, and the enzymes hydrolyzing phosphorus-containing organic compounds. We demonstrate that phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms have enormous potency as biofertilizers since they increase phosphorus bioavailability for the plant, promote sustainable agriculture, improve soil fertility, and raise crop yields. The use of phosphate-solubilizing microbes is regarded as a new frontier in increasing plant productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Timofeeva
- SB RAS Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Maria Galyamova
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey Sedykh
- SB RAS Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-91-3727-1000
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Huong NTM, Hoai PTT, Thao PTH, Huong TT, Chinh VD. Growth Stimulation, Phosphate Resolution, and Resistance to Fungal Pathogens of Some Endogenous Fungal Strains in the Rhizospheres of Medicinal Plants in Vietnam. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165051. [PMID: 36014291 PMCID: PMC9414226 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi are recognized for their many potential applications in agriculture, such as supporting cropland expansion and increasing the yield and resistance of plants by creating antibiotics that inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. In addition, they can produce enzymes that break down hard-to-solubilize substances within soil, dissolve phosphates, fix nitrogen, reduce metals, and produce hormones that promote plant growth (auxin, cytokinin, and gibberellins) to keep crops healthy. In this report, three strains of endophytic fungi, namely, N1, N2, and N3, were isolated from the roots of Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.) Hemsl., Polyscias fruticosa, and Angelica dahurica in some localities in Vietnam. Through a screening process, it was found that they can produce high levels of indole acetic acid (IAA), resolve phosphates, and resist disease, and they were selected to as an alternative to chemical fertilizers to make probiotics in order to increase medicinal plant yields. The results show that the three strains of fungi have the ability to degrade phosphate to 341.90, 1498.46, and 390.79 ppm; the content of IAA produced in the culture medium reached 49.00, 52.35, and 33.34 ppm. Based on some morphological characteristics and an internal transcribed spacer gene sequence analysis of the fungal strains, N1, N2, and N3 were named Penicillium simplicissimum CN7, Talaromyces flavus BC1, and Trichoderma konilangbra DL3, respectively, which have the ability to inhibit the growth of pathogenic fungal strains, such as fungus C. gloeosporioides (CD1), fungus F. oxysporum, fungus L. theobromae N13, and N. dimidiatum. They grow significantly over a period of 5 to 6 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thi Mai Huong
- University of Economics—Technology for Industries (UNETI), Hanoi 11622, Vietnam
- Correspondence: (N.T.M.H.); (P.T.T.H.); (V.D.C.)
| | - Pham Thi Thu Hoai
- University of Economics—Technology for Industries (UNETI), Hanoi 11622, Vietnam
- Correspondence: (N.T.M.H.); (P.T.T.H.); (V.D.C.)
| | - Phan Thi Hong Thao
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay District, Hanoi 11307, Vietnam
| | - Tran Thi Huong
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay District, Hanoi 11307, Vietnam
| | - Vu Duc Chinh
- Institute of Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay District, Hanoi 11307, Vietnam
- School of Materials Science and Energy Engineering, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay District, Hanoi 11307, Vietnam
- Correspondence: (N.T.M.H.); (P.T.T.H.); (V.D.C.)
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25
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Screening of multi-faceted phosphate-solubilising bacterium from seagrass meadow and their plant growth promotion under saline stress condition. Microbiol Res 2022; 261:127080. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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26
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Li X, Lu Q, Li D, Wang D, Ren X, Yan J, Ahmed T, Li B. Effects of Different Microbial Fertilizers on Growth and Rhizosphere Soil Properties of Corn in Newly Reclaimed Land. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11151978. [PMID: 35956458 PMCID: PMC9370191 DOI: 10.3390/plants11151978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Land reclamation may expand the supply of usable land for food security. Soil microorganisms have been considered as an amendment in immature soil to improve its quality. However, different microbial fertilizers' effects on plant growth in immature soil have largely been unexplored. In order to evaluate the effects of different microbial fertilizers on immature soil, the soil quality and microbial community structure of corn rhizosphere soil samples under different microbial fertilizers were investigated. The results revealed a significant difference between microbial fertilizers (especially seaweed microbial fertilizer, SMF) and commercial chemical compound fertilizers in the soil properties and microbial community structure. Indeed, SMF caused a 486.21%, 23.17%, 21.08%, 38.33%, and 482.39% increase in Flavobacteriaceae, Planctomycetaceae, Chitinophagaceae, Acidobacteria_Gp3, and Mortierellaceae but a 23.82%, 18.66%, 42.36%, 29.12%, 81.97%, 42.19%, and 99.33% reduction in Cytophagales, Comamonadaceae, Rhodospirillaceae, Sinobacteaceae, Aspergillaceae, Myrmecridiaceae, and Typhulaceae, respectively; while CCF caused an 85.68% and 183.22% increase in Xanthomonadaceae and Mortierellaceae but a 31.29%, 36.02%, and 65.74% reduction in Cytophagales, Spartobacteria, and Cyphellophoraceae compared with the control based on 16S and ITS amplicon sequencing of soil microflora. Furthermore, redundancy discriminant analysis of the microbial communities and soil properties indicated that the main variables of the bacterial and fungal communities included exchangeable Ca, organic matter content, total N, and available P. Overall, the results of this study revealed significant changes under different fertilizer conditions in the microbiota and chemical properties of corn soil. Microbial fertilizers, particularly SMF and SM, can be used as a good amendment for newly reclaimed land.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuqing Li
- Institute of Vegetable, Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; (X.L.); (X.R.)
| | - Qiujun Lu
- Hangzhou Agricultural and Rural Affairs Guarantee Center, Hangzhou 310020, China
| | - Dingyi Li
- Department of Biological Environment, Material and Environmental College, Shanxi Jinzhong Institute of Technology, Jinzhong 030600, China;
| | - Daoze Wang
- Rural Vitalization Service Center of Hangzhou, Hangzhou 310020, China;
| | - Xiaoxu Ren
- Institute of Vegetable, Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; (X.L.); (X.R.)
| | - Jianli Yan
- Institute of Vegetable, Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; (X.L.); (X.R.)
| | - Temoor Ahmed
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (T.A.); (B.L.)
| | - Bin Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (T.A.); (B.L.)
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Wang Y, Cheng X, Wang H, Zhou J, Liu X, Tuovinen OH. The Characterization of Microbiome and Interactions on Weathered Rocks in a Subsurface Karst Cave, Central China. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:909494. [PMID: 35847118 PMCID: PMC9277220 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.909494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Karst caves are a natural oligotrophic subsurface biosphere widely distributed in southern China. Despite the progress in bacterial and fungal diversity, the knowledge about interactions between bacteria, fungi, and minerals is still limited in caves. Hence, for the first time, we investigated the interaction between bacteria and fungi living on weathered rocks in the Heshang Cave via high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA and ITS1 genes, and co-occurrence analysis. The mineral compositions of weathered rocks were analyzed by X-ray diffraction. Bacterial communities were dominated by Actinobacteria (33.68%), followed by Alphaproteobacteria (8.78%), and Planctomycetia (8.73%). In contrast, fungal communities were dominated by Sordariomycetes (21.08%) and Dothideomycetes (14.06%). Mineral substrata, particularly phosphorus-bearing minerals, significantly impacted bacterial (hydroxyapatite) and fungal (fluorapatite) communities as indicated by the redundancy analysis. In comparison with fungi, the development of bacterial communities was more controlled by the environmental selection indicated by the overwhelming contribution of deterministic processes. Co-occurrence network analysis showed that all nodes were positively linked, indicating ubiquitous cooperation within bacterial groups and fungal groups, as well as between bacteria and fungi under oligotrophic conditions in the subsurface biosphere. In total, 19 bacterial ASVs and 34 fungal OTUs were identified as keystone taxa, suggesting the fundamental role of fungi in maintaining the microbial ecosystem on weathered rocks. Ascomycota was most dominant in keystone taxa, accounting for 26.42%, followed by Actinobacteria in bacteria (24.53%). Collectively, our results confirmed the highly diverse bacterial and fungal communities on weathered rocks, and their close cooperation to sustain the subsurface ecosystem. Phosphorus-bearing minerals were of significance in shaping epipetreous bacterial and fungal communities. These observations provide new knowledge about microbial interactions between bacteria, fungi, and minerals in the subterranean biosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China.,School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China.,School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China.,School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianping Zhou
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Olli H Tuovinen
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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The Susceptibility to Biodegradation of Some Consolidants Used in the Restoration of Mural Paintings. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12147229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated both the possible fungal metabolites involved in the degradation of the commercial consolidant known as Paraloid® B72 and the national artisanal consolidant named transparent dispersion of casein and the deteriorative potential of melanised fungi. Fungi were found to have the capacity to produce organic acids, proteases and esterases when they grow on consolidants, which can be used as nutrients. Mycelia produced by melanised fungi affected the appearance, as well as the integrity, of consolidants applied on painted experimental models and fragments of frescoes. In treatment trials with biocides (Biotin R®, Biotin T® and Preventol® RI 80), the morphology of the consolidants, as well as the vitality of the fungi, were assessed 30 days after the inoculation with melanic fungi. Direct observation, optical microscopy, colourimetry and microbiological analysis highlighted the degradation of the consolidants by fungi and their acquired resistance after biocidal treatments. Biotin R® applied by brushing on the surface of the consolidants proved to be the most effective treatment, followed by Biotin T®. Considering the overall results for both Paraloid® B72 and transparent dispersion of casein, use of Biotin R® applied by brushing is recommended for preventive conservation.
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Genome-wide comparison deciphers lifestyle adaptation and glass biodeterioration property of Curvularia eragrostidis C52. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11411. [PMID: 35794131 PMCID: PMC9259613 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15334-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Glass biodeterioration by fungi has caused irreversible damage to valuable glass materials such as cultural heritages and optical devices. To date, knowledge about metabolic potential and genomic profile of biodeteriorative fungi is still scarce. Here, we report for the first time the whole genome sequence of Curvularia eragrostidis C52 that strongly degraded silica-based glasses coated with fluorine and hafnium, as expressed by the hyphal surface coverage of 46.16 ± 3.3% and reduced light transmission of 50.93 ± 1.45%. The genome of C. eragrostidis C52 is 36.9 Mb long with a GC content of 52.1% and contains 14,913 protein-coding genes, which is the largest genome ever recorded in the genus Curvularia. Phylogenomic analysis revealed C. eragrostidis C52 formed a distinct cluster with Curvularia sp. IFB-Z10 and was not evolved from compared genomes. Genome-wide comparison showed that strain C52 harbored significantly higher proportion of proteins involved in carbohydrate-active enzymes, peptidases, secreted proteins, and transcriptional factors, which may be potentially attributed to a lifestyle adaptation. Furthermore, 72 genes involved in the biosynthesis of 6 different organic acids were identified and expected to be crucial for the fungal survival in the glass environment. To form biofilm against stress, the fungal strain utilized 32 genes responsible for exopolysaccharide production. These findings will foster a better understanding of the biology of C. eragrostidis and the mechanisms behind fungal biodeterioration in the future.
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30
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Lin W, Chen L, Tan Z, Deng Z, Liu H. Application of filamentous fungi in microalgae-based wastewater remediation for biomass harvesting and utilization: From mechanisms to practical application. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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31
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Plant-Microbe Interaction in Sustainable Agriculture: The Factors That May Influence the Efficacy of PGPM Application. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14042253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has caused considerable environmental damage over the years. However, the growing demand for food in the coming years and decades requires the use of increasingly productive and efficient agriculture. Several studies carried out in recent years have shown how the application of plant growth-promoting microbes (PGPMs) can be a valid substitute for chemical industry products and represent a valid eco-friendly alternative. However, because of the complexity of interactions created with the numerous biotic and abiotic factors (i.e., environment, soil, interactions between microorganisms, etc.), the different formulates often show variable effects. In this review, we analyze the main factors that influence the effectiveness of PGPM applications and some of the applications that make them a useful tool for agroecological transition.
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32
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Choi HW, Ahsan SM. Biocontrol Activity of Aspergillus terreus ANU-301 against Two Distinct Plant Diseases, Tomato Fusarium Wilt and Potato Soft Rot. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 38:33-45. [PMID: 35144360 PMCID: PMC8831357 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.12.2021.0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To screen antagonistic fungi against plant pathogens, dual culture assay (DCA) and culture filtrate assay (CFA) were performed with unknown soil-born fungi. Among the different fungi isolated and screened from the soil, fungal isolate ANU-301 successfully inhibited growth of different plant pathogenic fungi, Colletotrichum acutatum, Alternaria alternata, and Fusarium oxysporum, in DCA and CFA. Morphological characteristics and rDNA internal transcribed spacer sequence analysis identified ANU-301 as Aspergillus terreus. Inoculation of tomato plants with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) induced severe wilting symptom; however, co-inoculation with ANU-301 significantly enhanced resistance of tomato plants against FOL. In addition, culture filtrate (CF) of ANU-301 not only showed bacterial growth inhibition activity against Dickeya chrysanthemi (Dc), but also demonstrated protective effect in potato tuber against soft rot disease. Gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of CF of ANU-301 identified 2,4-bis(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)-phenol (MPP) as the most abundant compound. MPP inhibited growth of Dc, but not of FOL, in a dose-dependent manner, and protected potato tuber from the soft rot disease induced by Dc. In conclusion, Aspergillus terreus ANU-301 could be used and further tested as a potential biological control agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyong Woo Choi
- Department of Plant Medicals, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Andong National University, Andong 36729,
Korea
| | - S. M. Ahsan
- Department of Plant Medicals, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Andong National University, Andong 36729,
Korea
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33
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Identification of Microorganisms Dwelling on the 19th Century Lanna Mural Paintings from Northern Thailand Using Culture-Dependent and -Independent Approaches. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11020228. [PMID: 35205094 PMCID: PMC8869426 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary In this study, we compared microbial communities in Lanna mural paintings in temples with different numbers of visitors using culture-dependent and culture independent approaches. The results showed that microorganisms could damage the colors that are used on murals. The process of degradation involved the production of organic acids and formation of the calcium crystal. Furthermore, we found that the site with higher number of visitors is associated with microbial contamination from humans while the site with lower number of visitors had higher saprotroph population. Further research into these microorganisms, their activities and functional roles may provide crucial information to aid the preservation of mural paintings. Abstract Lanna painting is a unique type of painting in many temples in the Northern Thai region. Similar to most mural paintings, they usually decay over time partly due to the activity of microbes. This study aimed to investigate the microorganisms from two Lanna masterpiece paintings in two temples that differ in the numbers of visitors using both culture-dependent and -independent approaches. The microorganisms isolated from the murals were also tested for the biodeterioration activities including discoloration, acid production and calcium precipitation. Most microorganisms extracted from the paintings were able to discolor the paints, but only fungi were able to discolor, produce acids and precipitate calcium. The microorganism communities, diversity and functional prediction were also investigated using the culture-independent method. The diversity of microorganisms and functional prediction were different between the two temples. Gammaproteobacteria was the predominant group of bacteria in both temples. However, the fungal communities were different between the two temples as Aspergillus was the most abundant genus in the site with higher number of visitors [Buak Krok Luang temple (BK)]. Conversely, mural paintings at Tha Kham temple (TK) were dominated by the Neodevriesia genera. We noticed that a high number of visitors (Buak Krok Luang) was correlated with microbial contamination from humans while the microbial community at Tha Kham temple had a higher proportion of saprotrophs. These results could be applied to formulate a strategy to mitigate the amount of tourists as well as manage microorganism to slow down the biodeterioration process.
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He N, Hu L, He Z, Li M, Huang Y. Mineralization of lead by Phanerochaete chrysosporium microcapsules loaded with hydroxyapatite. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 422:126902. [PMID: 34418828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, microcapsules assembled with Phanerochaete chrysosporium (P. chrysosporium, PC) and hydroxyapatite (HAP) were successfully prepared and applied for Pb(II) immobilization in aqueous solution. The effect of different conditions on Pb(II) removal was investigated, such as pH, temperature, dosages of microcapsules and HAP, and initial concentrations of Pb(II). The removal efficiency of Pb(II) was in order of HAP+PC > HAP > PC > CK (control check) at the Pb(II) initial concentration of 100 mg L-1, which were 87.7%, 82.82%, 63.67% and 2.06%, respectively. Under HAP+PC treatment, P. chrysosporium secreted plentiful organic acids like formic, oxalic and citric acids, when the addition dose of HAP increased from 5 g L-1 to 15 g L-1, the production of formic acid increased remarkably from 32.37 g L-1 to 66.02 g L-1. After reaction, P. chrysosporium kept a good biological activity evidenced by the live/dead stain test. The characterization results indicated that the insoluble apatite could transform to soluble phosphate due to the secreted organic acids, then reacted with Pb(II) to form pyromorphite [Pb10(PO4)6Cl2] and lead phosphate hydroxide [Pb10(PO4)6(OH)2]. The overall results clearly demonstrated that combining P. chrysosporium with HAP could be used as a promising technology to accelerate lead immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni He
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biohydrometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Liang Hu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biohydrometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Zhiguo He
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biohydrometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Mengke Li
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biohydrometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yongji Huang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biohydrometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
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35
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Shao X, Hao W, Konhauser KO, Gao Y, Tang L, Su M, Li Z. The dissolution of fluorapatite by phosphate-solubilizing fungi: a balance between enhanced phosphorous supply and fluorine toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:69393-69400. [PMID: 34302245 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15551-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fluorapatite (FAp) is the largest phosphorous (P) reservoir on Earth. However, due to its low solubility, dissolved P is severely deficient in the pedosphere. Fungi play a significant role in P dissolution via excretion of organic acids, and in this regard, it is important to understand their impact on P cycling. The object of this study was to elucidate the balance between P release and F toxicity during FAp dissolution. The bioweathering of FAp was assisted by a typical phosphate-solubilizing fungus, Aspergillus niger. The release of elements and microbial activities were monitored during 5-day incubation. We found that the release of fluorine (F) was activated after day 1 (~90 mg/L), which significantly lowered the phosphate-solubilizing process by day 2. Despite P release from FAp being enhanced over the following 3 days, decreases in both the amount of biomass (52% decline) and the respiration rate (81% decline) suggest the strong inhibitory effect of F on the fungus. We thus concluded that F toxicity outweighs P supply, which in turn inhibits fungi growth and prevents further dissolution of FAp. This mechanism might reflect an underappreciated cause for P deficiency in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Shao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiduo Hao
- Department of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Kurt O Konhauser
- Department of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Yanan Gao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lingyi Tang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mu Su
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhen Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
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Rizvi A, Ahmed B, Khan MS, Umar S, Lee J. Sorghum-Phosphate Solubilizers Interactions: Crop Nutrition, Biotic Stress Alleviation, and Yield Optimization. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:746780. [PMID: 34925401 PMCID: PMC8671763 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.746780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sweet sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is a highly productive, gluten-free cereal crop plant that can be used as an alternative energy resource, human food, and livestock feed or for biofuel-ethanol production. Phosphate fertilization is a common practice to optimize sorghum yield but because of high cost, environmental hazards, and soil fertility reduction, the use of chemical P fertilizer is discouraged. Due to this, the impetus to search for an inexpensive and eco-friendly microbiome as an alternative to chemical P biofertilizer has been increased. Microbial formulations, especially phosphate solubilizing microbiome (PSM) either alone or in synergism with other rhizobacteria, modify the soil nutrient pool and augment the growth, P nutrition, and yield of sorghum. The use of PSM in sorghum disease management reduces the dependence on pesticides employed to control the phytopathogens damage. The role of PSM in the sorghum cultivation system is, however, relatively unresearched. In this manuscript, the diversity and the strategies adopted by PSM to expedite sorghum yield are reviewed, including the nutritional importance of sorghum in human health and the mechanism of P solubilization by PSM. Also, the impact of solo or composite inoculations of biological enhancers (PSM) with nitrogen fixers or arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi is explained. The approaches employed by PSM to control sorghum phytopathogens are highlighted. The simultaneous bio-enhancing and biocontrol activity of the PS microbiome provides better options for the replacement of chemical P fertilizers and pesticide application in sustainable sorghum production practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asfa Rizvi
- Department of Botany, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Bilal Ahmed
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Mohammad Saghir Khan
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Shahid Umar
- Department of Botany, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Jintae Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
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37
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Tian D, Wang L, Hu J, Zhang L, Zhou N, Xia J, Xu M, Yusef KK, Wang S, Li Z, Gao H. A study of P release from Fe-P and Ca-P via the organic acids secreted by Aspergillus niger. J Microbiol 2021; 59:819-826. [PMID: 34382148 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-021-1178-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Phosphate solubilizing fungi (PSF) have been widely applied to dissolve insoluble phosphates (IPs). However, the PSF usually demonstrates a different phosphate solubilizing capacity for various IPs. This study explored the mechanisms of Aspergillus niger for the dissolution of ferric phosphate (FePO4, Fe-P), and tricalcium phosphate (Ca3[PO4]2, Ca-P) regarding the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Aspergillus niger has higher phosphorus (P) content released from Ca-P, reached the maximum value of 861 mg/L after seven days of incubation, compared with the 169 mg/L from Fe-P. Oxalic acid promoted the release of P from Ca-P through the formation of calcium oxalate. The presence of Fe-P can stimulate A. niger to secrete large amounts of citric acid, confirmed by the enhancement of citrate synthase (CS) activity. However, citric acid only promotes 0.5% of P released from Fe-P. Meanwhile, although oxalic acid still dominates the release of P from Fe-P, its abundance was significantly declined. In contrast, oxalic acid also shows a higher P release ratio in Ca-P than citric acid, i.e., 36% vs. 22%. This study points to the future usage of A. niger to dissolve IPs in soil required to enhance oxalic acid secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Tian
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, P. R. China. .,Research Centre of Phosphorus Efficient Utilization and Water Environment Protection along the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, P. R. China.
| | - Liyan Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, P. R. China.,Research Centre of Phosphorus Efficient Utilization and Water Environment Protection along the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, P. R. China
| | - Jun Hu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, P. R. China.,Research Centre of Phosphorus Efficient Utilization and Water Environment Protection along the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, P. R. China
| | - Liangliang Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, P. R. China.,Research Centre of Phosphorus Efficient Utilization and Water Environment Protection along the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, P. R. China
| | - Ningning Zhou
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, P. R. China.,Research Centre of Phosphorus Efficient Utilization and Water Environment Protection along the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Xia
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, P. R. China.,Research Centre of Phosphorus Efficient Utilization and Water Environment Protection along the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, P. R. China
| | - Meiyue Xu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, P. R. China.,Research Centre of Phosphorus Efficient Utilization and Water Environment Protection along the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, P. R. China
| | - Kianpoor Kalkhajeh Yusef
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, P. R. China.,Research Centre of Phosphorus Efficient Utilization and Water Environment Protection along the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, P. R. China
| | - Shimei Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, P. R. China.,Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, P. R. China.,Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China
| | - Hongjian Gao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, P. R. China. .,Research Centre of Phosphorus Efficient Utilization and Water Environment Protection along the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, P. R. China.
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Koczorski P, Furtado BU, Gołębiewski M, Hulisz P, Baum C, Weih M, Hrynkiewicz K. The Effects of Host Plant Genotype and Environmental Conditions on Fungal Community Composition and Phosphorus Solubilization in Willow Short Rotation Coppice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:647709. [PMID: 34290719 PMCID: PMC8287252 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.647709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an essential plant nutrient. Low availability of P in soil is mainly caused by high content of Fe2O3 in the clay fraction that binds to P making it unavailable. Beneficial microbes, such as P solubilizing microorganisms can increase the available P in soil and improve plant growth and productivity. In this study, we evaluated the effects of environmental conditions (climate, soil parameters), plant genotype, and level of plant association (rhizosphere or endophytic root organism) on the abundance and diversity of phosphorus solubilizing microorganisms in a Salix production system. We hypothesized that a lower number of endophytic fungi may possess the ability to solubilize P compared to the number of rhizosphere fungi with the same ability. We also expect that the plant genotype and the experimental site with its environmental conditions will influence fungal diversity. Two Salix genotypes grown in pure and mixed cultures were investigated for their fungal microbiome community and diversity in the rhizosphere and endosphere during two growing seasons. We found that the rhizosphere fungal community was more diverse. A general dominance of Ascomycota (Dothideomycetes) and Basidiomycota (Tremellomycetes) was observed. The classes Agaricomycetes and Pezizomycetes were more frequent in the endosphere, while Tremellomycetes and Mortierellomycetes were more abundant in the rhizosphere. Plot-specific soil properties (pH, total organic carbon, and nitrogen) significantly influenced the fungal community structure. Among the culturable fungal diversities, 10 strains of phosphate solubilizing fungi (PSFs) from roots and 12 strains from rhizosphere soil were identified using selective media supplemented with di-calcium and tri-calcium phosphates. The fungal density and the number of PSF were much higher in the rhizosphere than in the endosphere. Penicillium was the dominant genus of PSF isolated from both sites; other less frequent genera of PSFs were Alternaria, Cladosporium, and Clonostachys. Overall the main factors controlling the fungal communities (endophytic vs. rhizosphere fungi) were the soil properties and level of plant association, while no significant influence of growing season was observed. Differences between Salix genotypes were observed for culturable fungal diversity, while in metagenomic data analysis, only the class Dothideomycetes showed a significant effect from the plant genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Koczorski
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Bliss Ursula Furtado
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Marcin Gołębiewski
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
- Interdisciplinary Center for Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Piotr Hulisz
- Department of Soil Science and Landscape Management, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Spatial Management, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Christel Baum
- Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Martin Weih
- Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Katarzyna Hrynkiewicz
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
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Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria as a Panacea to Alleviate Stress Effects of High Soil CaCO3 Content in Phaseolus vulgaris with Special Reference to P-Releasing Enzymes. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13137063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study examines the role of leguminous compost (LC), humic acids (HA), and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (P-SB) in alleviating the stress effects of high soil CaCO3 content in Phaseolus vulgaris. Two pot trials for two consecutive seasons; fall 2019 and summer 2020 were implemented in an open greenhouse. A mixed three-way ANOVA, two independent factors (season and soil treatments) and one within factors (time) were used with four replicates. Residual maximum likelihood (REML) analysis was used for the mixed model of the studied traits. Inoculation of calcareous soil with P-SB (a 1:1 mixture of two Pseudomonas sp.; Ps. mallei and Ps. cepaceae) significantly exceeded LC, HA, or even LC+HA for the positive results obtained. P-SB facilitated nutrient solubility (e.g., N, K, Fe, and Mn), including conversion of insoluble phosphorous into a form available in the tested soil due to increased soil enzymatic activities (e.g., phosphatases and phytases). This mechanism, combined with a decrease in soil calcium carbonate content and an increase in cation exchange capacity (CEC) and organic matter (OM) content, increased the availability of various nutrients to plants, including P, in the soil, which contributed to the increased plant output. Adequate P content in plants led to a marked decrease in plant acid phosphatase activity under high content of CaCO3. The study concluded that the use of P-SB promotes biological activities, nutrient availability, and thus the productivity of calcareous soils, enabling Phaseolus vulgaris plants to withstand stress produced by high CaCO3 content through the development and/or adoption of potentially effective mechanisms. Strong highly significant interactions between the treatments and time were observed using the Wald’s statistics test, which indicates a positive correlation.
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Paul CS, Mercl F, Száková J, Tejnecký V, Tlustoš P. The role of low molecular weight organic acids in the release of phosphorus from sewage sludge-based biochar. ALL LIFE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2021.1932611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Sekhar Paul
- Department of Agro-environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Mercl
- Department of Agro-environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiřina Száková
- Department of Agro-environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Tejnecký
- Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Tlustoš
- Department of Agro-environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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41
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Murali M, Naziya B, Ansari MA, Alomary MN, AlYahya S, Almatroudi A, Thriveni MC, Gowtham HG, Singh SB, Aiyaz M, Kalegowda N, Lakshmidevi N, Amruthesh KN. Bioprospecting of Rhizosphere-Resident Fungi: Their Role and Importance in Sustainable Agriculture. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:314. [PMID: 33919629 PMCID: PMC8072672 DOI: 10.3390/jof7040314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhizosphere-resident fungi that are helpful to plants are generally termed as 'plant growth promoting fungi' (PGPF). These fungi are one of the chief sources of the biotic inducers known to give their host plants numerous advantages, and they play a vital role in sustainable agriculture. Today's biggest challenge is to satisfy the rising demand for crop protection and crop yield without harming the natural ecosystem. Nowadays, PGPF has become an eco-friendly way to improve crop yield by enhancing seed germination, shoot and root growth, chlorophyll production, and fruit yield, etc., either directly or indirectly. The mode of action of these PGPF includes the solubilization and mineralization of the essential micro- and macronutrients needed by plants to regulate the balance for various plant processes. PGPF produce defense-related enzymes, defensive/volatile compounds, and phytohormones that control pathogenic microbes' growth, thereby assisting the plants in facing various biotic and abiotic stresses. Therefore, this review presents a holistic view of PGPF as efficient natural biofertilizers to improve crop plants' growth and resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahadevamurthy Murali
- Applied Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India; (M.M.); (B.N.); (N.K.)
| | - Banu Naziya
- Applied Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India; (M.M.); (B.N.); (N.K.)
| | - Mohammad Azam Ansari
- Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institutes for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammad N. Alomary
- National Center for Biotechnology, Life Science and Environmental Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh P.O. Box 6086, Saudi Arabia; (M.N.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Sami AlYahya
- National Center for Biotechnology, Life Science and Environmental Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh P.O. Box 6086, Saudi Arabia; (M.N.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Qassim 51431, Saudi Arabia
| | - M. C. Thriveni
- Central Sericultural Germplasm Resources Centre, Central Silk Board, Ministry of Textiles, Thally Road, TVS Nagar, Hosur 635109, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | | | - Sudarshana Brijesh Singh
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India; (H.G.G.); (S.B.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohammed Aiyaz
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India; (H.G.G.); (S.B.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Nataraj Kalegowda
- Applied Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India; (M.M.); (B.N.); (N.K.)
| | - Nanjaiah Lakshmidevi
- Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India;
| | - Kestur Nagaraj Amruthesh
- Applied Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India; (M.M.); (B.N.); (N.K.)
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Brito LF, López MG, Straube L, Passaglia LMP, Wendisch VF. Inorganic Phosphate Solubilization by Rhizosphere Bacterium Paenibacillus sonchi: Gene Expression and Physiological Functions. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:588605. [PMID: 33424789 PMCID: PMC7793946 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.588605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the importance of phosphorus (P) in agriculture, crop inoculation with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria is a relevant subject of study. Paenibacillus sonchi genomovar Riograndensis SBR5 is a promising candidate for crop inoculation, as it can fix nitrogen and excrete ammonium at a remarkably high rate. However, its trait of phosphate solubilization (PS) has not yet been studied in detail. Here, differential gene expression and functional analyses were performed to characterize PS in this bacterium. SBR5 was cultivated with two distinct P sources: NaH2PO4 as soluble phosphate source (SPi) and hydroxyapatite as insoluble phosphate source (IPi). Total RNA of SBR5 cultivated in those two conditions was isolated and sequenced, and bacterial growth and product formation were monitored. In the IPi medium, the expression of 68 genes was upregulated, whereas 100 genes were downregulated. Among those, genes involved in carbon metabolism, including those coding for subunits of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, were identified. Quantitation of organic acids showed that the production of tricarboxylic acid cycle-derived organic acids was reduced in IPi condition, whereas acetate and gluconate were overproduced. Increased concentrations of proline, trehalose, and glycine betaine revealed active osmoprotection during growth in IPi. The cultivation with hydroxyapatite also caused the reduction in the motility of SBR5 cells as a response to Pi depletion at the beginning of its growth. SBR5 was able to solubilize hydroxyapatite, which suggests that this organism is a promising phosphate-solubilizing bacterium. Our findings are the initial step in the elucidation of the PS process in P. sonchi SBR5 and will be a valuable groundwork for further studies of this organism as a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana F. Brito
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Marina Gil López
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Lucas Straube
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | - Volker F. Wendisch
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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43
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Intracellular Metabolomics Switching Alters Extracellular Acid Production and Insoluble Phosphate Solubilization Behavior in Penicillium oxalicum. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10110441. [PMID: 33142690 PMCID: PMC7692655 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10110441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This research aims to understand the precise intracellular metabolic processes of how microbes solubilize insoluble phosphorus (Insol-P) to increase bio-available P. Newly isolated Penicillium oxalicum PSF-4 exhibited outstanding tricalcium phosphate (TP) and iron phosphate (IP) solubilization performance—as manifested by microbial growth and the secretion of low-molecular-weight organic acids (LMWOAs). Untargeted metabolomics approach was employed to assess the metabolic alterations of 73 intracellular metabolites induced by TP and IP compared with soluble KH2PO4 in P. oxalicum. Based on the changes of intracellular metabolites, it was concluded that (i) the enhanced intracellular glyoxylate and carbohydrate metabolisms increased the extracellular LMWOAs production; (ii) the exposure of Insol-P poses potential effects to P. oxalicum in destructing essential cellular functions, affecting microbial growth, and disrupting amino acid, lipid, and nucleotide metabolisms; and (iii) the intracellular amino acid utilization played a significant role to stimulate microbial growth and the extracellular LMWOAs biosynthesis.
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44
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Zhang Y, Xue R, He X, Cheng Q, Hartley W, Xue S. Effect of Acid Production by Penicillium oxalicum on Physicochemical Properties of Bauxite Residue. GEOMICROBIOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 37:929-936. [DOI: 10.1080/01490451.2020.1801907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Rui Xue
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Xuan He
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Qingyu Cheng
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - William Hartley
- Crop and Environment Sciences Department, Harper Adams University, Newport, UK
| | - Shengguo Xue
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
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Jiang Y, Tian J, Ge F. New Insight into Carboxylic Acid Metabolisms and pH Regulations During Insoluble Phosphate Solubilisation Process by Penicillium oxalicum PSF-4. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:4095-4103. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02238-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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46
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Doilom M, Guo JW, Phookamsak R, Mortimer PE, Karunarathna SC, Dong W, Liao CF, Yan K, Pem D, Suwannarach N, Promputtha I, Lumyong S, Xu JC. Screening of Phosphate-Solubilizing Fungi From Air and Soil in Yunnan, China: Four Novel Species in Aspergillus, Gongronella, Penicillium, and Talaromyces. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:585215. [PMID: 33123114 PMCID: PMC7574596 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.585215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphate-solubilizing fungi (PSF) play an important role in increasing the bioavailability of phosphorus in soils for plants. Thirteen fungal strains, one collected from air and 12 from soil, were screened and described here in detail. These fungal strains were tested for their ability to solubilize tricalcium phosphate (TCP) on both solid and liquid Pikovskaya (PVK) media in vitro. The airborne fungal strain KUMCC 18-0196 (Aspergillus hydei sp. nov.) showed the most significant phosphate solubilizing activity on a solid PVK medium with the solubilization index (SI) (2.58 ± 0.04 cm) and the highest solubilized phosphates (1523.33 ± 47.87 μg/mL) on a liquid PVK medium. To the best of our knowledge, A. hydei sp. nov. is the first phosphate-solubilizing fungus reported from air. We also provide the identification especially for Aspergillus, Penicillium and Talaromyces, generally reported as PSF. It is important to not only screen for PSF but also identify species properly so that researchers have a clearer taxonomic picture for identifying potential taxa for future plant growth-promoting applications. Herein, A. hydei (section Nigri), Gongronella hydei, Penicillium soli (section Lanata-Divaricata) and Talaromyces yunnanensis (section Talaromyces) are fully described and introduced as new to science. These four new species are identified based on both morphological characteristics and multigene phylogenetic analyses, including the genealogical concordance phylogenetic species recognition method where necessary. Penicillium austrosinense is considered to be a synonym of P. guaibinense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingkwan Doilom
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Honghe Innovation Center for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- World Agroforestry Centre, East and Central Asia, Kunming, China
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Institute of Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Wei Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Honghe Innovation Center for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- World Agroforestry Centre, East and Central Asia, Kunming, China
| | - Rungtiwa Phookamsak
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Honghe Innovation Center for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- World Agroforestry Centre, East and Central Asia, Kunming, China
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Peter E. Mortimer
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Honghe Innovation Center for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Samantha C. Karunarathna
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Honghe Innovation Center for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- World Agroforestry Centre, East and Central Asia, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Institute of Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chun-Fang Liao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Honghe Innovation Center for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- World Agroforestry Centre, East and Central Asia, Kunming, China
| | - Kai Yan
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Dhandevi Pem
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Nakarin Suwannarach
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Itthayakorn Promputtha
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Bioresources for Agriculture, Industry and Medicine, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Saisamorn Lumyong
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jian-Chu Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Honghe Innovation Center for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- World Agroforestry Centre, East and Central Asia, Kunming, China
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Differences in metabolites production using the Biolog FF Microplate™ system with an emphasis on some organic acids of Aspergillus niger wild type strains. Biologia (Bratisl) 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-020-00521-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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48
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Wang J, Zhao YG, Maqbool F. Capability of Penicillium oxalicum y2 to release phosphate from different insoluble phosphorus sources and soil. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2020; 66:69-77. [PMID: 32939738 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-020-00822-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Due to insufficient amount of soluble phosphate and poor persistence of traditional chemical phosphate fertilizers in agricultural soils, the eco-friendly and sustainable phosphorus sources for crops are urgently required. The efficient phosphate-releasing fungal strain designated y2 was isolated and identified by the internal transcribed spacer of rDNA as Penicillium oxalicum y2. When lecithin, Ca3(PO4)2, or ground phosphate rock were separately used as sole phosphorus source, different phosphate-releasing modes were observed. The strain y2 was able to release as high as 2090 mg/L soluble phosphate within 12 days of incubation with Ca3(PO4)2 as sole phosphorus source. In the culture solution, high concentration of oxalic, citric, and malic acids and high phosphatase activity were detected. The organic acids contributed to solubilizing inorganic phosphate sources, while phosphatase was in charge of the mineralization of organic phosphorus lecithin. Afterwards, the fungus culture was applied to the soil with rape growing. During 50 days of incubation, the soil's available phosphate concentration increased by three times compared with the control, the dry weight of rape increased by 78.73%, and the root length increased by 38.79%. The results illustrated that P. oxalicum y2 possessed both abilities of solubilizing inorganic phosphorus and mineralizing organic phosphorus, which have great potential application in providing biofertilizer for modern agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpeng Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yang-Guo Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China. .,Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
| | - Farhana Maqbool
- Department of Microbiology, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
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Soil Type Affects Organic Acid Production and Phosphorus Solubilization Efficiency Mediated by Several Native Fungal Strains from Mexico. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8091337. [PMID: 32887277 PMCID: PMC7565533 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is considered a scarce macronutrient for plants in most tropical soils. The application of rock phosphate (RP) has been used to fertilize crops, but the amount of P released is not always at a necessary level for the plant. An alternative to this problem is the use of Phosphorus Solubilizing Microorganisms (PSM) to release P from chemically unavailable forms. This study compared the P sorption capacity of soils (the ability to retain P, making it unavailable for the plant) and the profile of organic acids (OA) produced by fungal isolates and the in vitro solubilization efficiency of RP. Trichoderma and Aspergillus strains were assessed in media with or without RP and different soils (Andisol, Alfisol, Vertisol). The type and amount of OA and the amount of soluble P were quantified, and according to our data, under the conditions tested, significant differences were observed in the OA profiles and the amount of soluble P present in the different soils. The efficiency to solubilize RP lies in the release of OAs with low acidity constants independent of the concentration at which they are released. It is proposed that the main mechanism of RP dissolution is the production of OAs.
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Latif U, Farid M, Rizwan M, Ishaq HK, Farid S, Ali S, El-Sheikh MA, Alyemeni MN, Wijaya L. Physiological and Biochemical Response of Alternanthera bettzickiana (Regel) G. Nicholson under Acetic Acid Assisted Phytoextraction of Lead. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9091084. [PMID: 32846952 PMCID: PMC7570330 DOI: 10.3390/plants9091084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals (HMs) stress causes severe damage to physiology and biochemistry of plant species leading to stunted growth and low yield. Phytoremediation via phytoextraction, a viable low-cost and environment-friendly alternative to other techniques that are often too expensive, impractical and hazardous. However, phytoextraction potential, physiological and biochemical response of various plant species against HMs stress is not fully understood. Among other HMs, lead (Pb) is an inorganic pollutant with deleterious biotic effects. Bioavailability and mobility of the Pb can be enhanced by addition of organic acids. A pot scale experiment was done to assess the effects of Pb on Alternanthera bettzickiana (Regel) G. Nicholson and its ability to accumulate Pb with or without acetic acid (AA). The Results showed that Pb caused significant damage in A. bettzickiana, and its ecotoxicity was evident from increased levels of lipid peroxidation up to 107% under Pb stress. The significant decrease in plant height (32%), root length (21%), leaf area (38%) and number of leaves per plant (46%) was observed. On the other hand, application of AA to Pb stressed plants reduced the oxidative damage by further enhancing the activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalases (CAT) up to 16% and 21% respectively. Moreover, addition of AA significantly improved plant total chlorophylls (15%) and carotenoids (50%). The application of AA also promoted Pb accumulation in leaf, stem and roots up to 70%, 65% and 66% respectively. This research concluded that AA has the ability to enhance the phytoextraction of Pb and support the plant growth and physiology under Pb stress condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urousa Latif
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Gujrat, Hafiz Hayat Campus, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan; (U.L.); (M.F.); (H.K.I.)
| | - Mujahid Farid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Gujrat, Hafiz Hayat Campus, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan; (U.L.); (M.F.); (H.K.I.)
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.R.); (S.F.)
| | - Hafiz Khuzama Ishaq
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Gujrat, Hafiz Hayat Campus, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan; (U.L.); (M.F.); (H.K.I.)
| | - Sheharyaar Farid
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.R.); (S.F.)
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.R.); (S.F.)
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: or
| | - Mohamed A. El-Sheikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.E.-S.); (M.N.A.); (L.W.)
| | - Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.E.-S.); (M.N.A.); (L.W.)
| | - Leonard Wijaya
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.E.-S.); (M.N.A.); (L.W.)
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