1
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Wang ZA, Xue W, Yan F, Zhu W, Liu Y, Zhang X, Wei Z, Chang K, Yuan Z, Wang K. Selectively Controlled Ferromagnets by Electric Fields in van der Waals Ferromagnetic Heterojunctions. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:710-717. [PMID: 36626837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Charge transfer plays a key role at the interfaces of heterostructures, which can affect electronic structures and ultimately the physical properties of the materials. However, charge transfer is difficult to manipulate externally once the interface is formed. The recently discovered van der Waals ferromagnets with atomically sharp interfaces provided a perfect platform for the electrical control of interfacial charge transfer. Here, we report magnetoresistance experiments revealing electrically tunable charge transfer in Fe3GeTe2/Cr2Ge2Te6/Fe3GeTe2 all-magnetic van der Waals heterostructures, which can be exploited to selectively modify the switching fields of the top or bottom Fe3GeTe2 electrodes. The directional charge transfer from metallic Fe3GeTe2 to semiconducting Cr2Ge2Te6 is revealed by first-principles calculations, which remarkably modifies the magnetic anisotropy energy of Fe3GeTe2, leading to the dramatically suppressed coercivity. The electrically selective control of magnetism demonstrated in this study could stimulate the development of spintronic devices based on van der Waals magnets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Ao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weishan Xue
- Center for Advanced Quantum Studies and Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Faguang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wenkai Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Center for Advanced Quantum Studies and Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xinhui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhongming Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kai Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhe Yuan
- Center for Advanced Quantum Studies and Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Kaiyou Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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2
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Liu P, Miao J, Liu Q, Xu Z, Wu Y, Meng K, Xu X, Jiang Y. Large non-volatile modulation of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in Pb (Zr0.2Ti0.8) O3/SrRuO3. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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3
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Zhang B, Mao S, Li C, Hong P, Hou J, Zhao J, Huo Z. Dual-axis control of magnetic anisotropy in a single crystal Co 2MnSi thin film through piezo-voltage-induced strain. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:3323-3329. [PMID: 36131715 PMCID: PMC9418568 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00864a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Voltage controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA) has been considered as an effective method in traditional magnetic devices with lower power consumption. In this article, we have investigated the dual-axis control of magnetic anisotropy in Co2MnSi/GaAs/PZT hybrid heterostructures through piezo-voltage-induced strain using longitudinal magneto-optical Kerr effect (LMOKE) microscopy. The major modification of in-plane magnetic anisotropy of the Co2MnSi thin film is controlled obviously by the piezo-voltages of the lead zirconate titanate (PZT) piezotransducer, accompanied by the coercivity field and magnetocrystalline anisotropy significantly manipulated. Because in-plane cubic magnetic anisotropy and uniaxial magnetic anisotropy coexist in the Co2MnSi thin film, the initial double easy axes of cubic split to an easiest axis (square loop) and an easier axis (two-step loop). While the stress direction is parallel to the [1-10] easiest axis (sample I), the square loop of the [1-10] direction could transform to a two-step loop under the negative piezo-voltages (compressed state). At the same time, the initial two-step loop of the [110] axis simultaneously changes to a square loop (the easiest axis). Otherwise, we designed and fabricated the sample II in which the PZT stress is parallel to the [110] two-step axis. The phenomenon of VCMA was also obtained along the [110] and [1-10] directions. However, the manipulated results of sample II were in contrast to those of the sample I under the piezo-voltages. Thus, an effective dual-axis regulation of the in-plane magnetization rotation was demonstrated in this work. Such a finding proposes a more optimized method for the magnetic logic gates and memories based on voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Zhang
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 100029 Beijing China
| | - Siwei Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100083 China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Chunlong Li
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 100029 Beijing China
- College of Microelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100049 Beijing China
| | - Peizhen Hong
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 100029 Beijing China
| | - Jingwen Hou
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 100029 Beijing China
| | - Jianhua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100083 China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Zongliang Huo
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 100029 Beijing China
- College of Microelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100049 Beijing China
- Yangtze Memory Technologies Co., Ltd (YMTC) 430205 Wuhan China
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Zhang F, Fan H, Han B, Zhu Y, Deng X, Edwards D, Kumar A, Chen D, Gao X, Fan Z, Rodriguez BJ. Boosting Polarization Switching-Induced Current Injection by Mechanical Force in Ferroelectric Thin Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:26180-26186. [PMID: 34036789 PMCID: PMC8289170 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c04912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
When scaling the lateral size of a ferroelectric random access memory (FeRAM) device down to the nanometer range, the polarization switching-induced displacement current becomes small and challenging to detect, which greatly limits the storage density of FeRAM. Here, we report the observation of significantly enhanced injection currents, much larger than typical switching currents, induced by polarization switching in BiFeO3 thin films via conductive atomic force microscopy. Interestingly, this injected current can be effectively modulated by applying mechanical force. As the loading force increases from ∼50 to ∼750 nN, the magnitude of the injected current increases and the critical voltage to trigger the current injection decreases. Notably, changing the loading force by an order of magnitude increases the peak current by 2-3 orders of magnitude. The mechanically boosted injected current could be useful for the development of high-density FeRAM devices. The mechanical modulation of the injected current may be attributed to the mechanical force-induced changes in the barrier height and interfacial layer width.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyuan Zhang
- School
of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland
- Conway
Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland
- Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Oxide Materials and Devices, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Fan
- Institute
for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing Han
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern
University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Yudong Zhu
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern
University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Xiong Deng
- Institute
for Advanced Materials and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of
Optical Information Materials and Technology, South China Academy
of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China
Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic
of China
| | - David Edwards
- School
of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland
- Conway
Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Amit Kumar
- Centre
for Nanostructured Media, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, U.K.
| | - Deyang Chen
- Institute
for Advanced Materials and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of
Optical Information Materials and Technology, South China Academy
of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China
Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Xingsen Gao
- Institute
for Advanced Materials and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of
Optical Information Materials and Technology, South China Academy
of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China
Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Zhen Fan
- Institute
for Advanced Materials and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of
Optical Information Materials and Technology, South China Academy
of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China
Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Brian J. Rodriguez
- School
of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland
- Conway
Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland
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Non-Volatile Regulation of Magnetism via Electric Fields in Polycrystal FeSi/(011) PMN-0.32PT Heterostructures. MAGNETOCHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/magnetochemistry6040057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The choice and configuration of the ferroelectric (FE) substrate and the ferromagnetic (FM) layer in FM/FE heterostructures play an important role in magnetism modification with regard to amplitude and efficiency. In this study, we fabricated FeSi films on low crystalline (011) [Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3]0.7-[PbTiO3]0.3 (PMN-0.32PT) using radio frequency magnetron sputtering. In the annealed FeSi/(011) PMN-0.32PT heterostructures, the FeSi film presented with a (011) preferred orientated polycrystalline structure and low magnetocrystalline anisotropy. Both loop-like and butterfly-like magnetism modifications were observed by applying bipolar electric fields, and the weak and abnormal electrically mediated magnetism behaviors were significantly different from the prominent magnetic anisotropy transition in FeSi/(011) PMN-0.3PT. The comparative analyses suggest that the resulting high-quality single-crystalline PMN-xPT and FM films with low coercivity are of great significance for exploring giant, reversible, and non-volatile magnetism regulation.
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6
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Zhou H, Shi S, Nian D, Cui S, Luo J, Qiu Y, Yang H, Zhu M, Yu G. Voltage control of magnetic domain wall injection into strain-mediated multiferroic heterostructures. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:14479-14486. [PMID: 32538417 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr02595j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Effective control of domain wall (DW) injection into magnetic nanowires is of great importance for future novel device applications in spintronics, and currently relies on magnetization switching by the local external magnetic field obtained from metal contact lines or a spin-transfer torque (STT) effect from spin-polarized current. However, the external field is an obstacle for realizing practical spintronic devices with all-electric operation, and high current density can occasionally damage the devices. In this work, voltage controlled in-plane magnetic DW injection into a magnetic nanowire in the strain-mediated multiferroic heterostructures is studied by means of fully coupled micromagnetic-mechanical Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations. We propose an engineered shaped nano-magnet on a piezoelectric thin film in which a 180° magnetization rotation in the DW injection region is accomplished with in-plane piezostrain and magnetic shape anisotropy, thereby, leading to a DW injection into the nanowire. In this architecture, we computationally demonstrate repeated creation of DWs by voltage-induced strains without using any magnetic fields. Our FEM simulation results demonstrated an ultralow area energy consumption per injection (∼52.48 mJ m-2), which is drastically lower than the traditional magnetic field and STT driven magnetization switching. A fast-overall injection time within ∼3.4 ns under continuous injection is also demonstrated. Further reduction of energy consumption and injection time can be achieved by optimization of the structure and material selections. The present design and computational analyses can provide an additional efficient method to realize low-power and high-speed spintronic and magnonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haomiao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Wave Information Technology and Metrology of Zhejiang Province, and College of Information Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Lopes MV, de Souza EC, Santos JG, de Araujo JM, Lima L, de Oliveira AB, Bohn F, Correa MA. Modulating the Spin Seebeck Effect in Co 2FeAl Heusler Alloy for Sensor Applications. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20051387. [PMID: 32138388 PMCID: PMC7085746 DOI: 10.3390/s20051387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The thermoelectric conversion technique has been explored in a broad range of heat-flow sensors. In this context, the Spin Seebeck Effect emerges as an attractive candidate for biosensor applications, not only for the sensibility improvement but also for the power-saving electronic devices development. Here, we investigate the Longitudinal Spin Seebeck Effect in films with a Co2FeAl/W bilayer structure grown onto GaAs (100) substrate, systems having induced uniaxial magnetic anisotropy combined with cubic magnetic anisotropy. From numerical calculations, we address the magnetic behavior and thermoelectric response of the films. By comparing experiment and theory, we explore the possibility of modulating a thermoelectric effect by magnetic anisotropy. We show that the thermoelectric voltage curves may be modulated by the association of magnetic anisotropy induction and experimental parameters employed in the LSSE experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Vinicius Lopes
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-900, RN, Brazil
- Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará, Quixadá 63902-580, CE, Brazil
| | | | - João Gustavo Santos
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-900, RN, Brazil
| | - João Medeiros de Araujo
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-900, RN, Brazil
| | - Lessandro Lima
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-900, RN, Brazil
| | | | - Felipe Bohn
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-900, RN, Brazil
| | - Marcio Assolin Correa
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-900, RN, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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Pattnaik DP, Beardsley RP, Love C, Cavill SA, Edmonds KW, Rushforth AW. Multilevel information storage using magnetoelastic layer stacks. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3156. [PMID: 30816265 PMCID: PMC6395634 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39775-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of voltages to control magnetisation via the inverse magnetostriction effect in piezoelectric/ferromagnet heterostructures holds promise for ultra-low energy information storage technologies. Epitaxial galfenol, an alloy of iron and gallium, has been shown to be a highly suitable material for such devices because it possesses biaxial anisotropy and large magnetostriction. Here we experimentally investigate the properties of galfenol/spacer/galfenol structures in which the compositions of the galfenol layers are varied in order to produce different strengths of the magnetic anisotropy and magnetostriction constants. Based upon these layers, we propose and simulate the operation of an information storage device that can operate as an energy efficient multilevel memory cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Pattnaik
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - R P Beardsley
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - C Love
- Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - S A Cavill
- Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - K W Edmonds
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - A W Rushforth
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.
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9
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Liu L, Ge W, Meng W, Hou Y, Zhang J, Lu Q. New design for inertial piezoelectric motors. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:033704. [PMID: 29604738 DOI: 10.1063/1.5008471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We have designed, implemented, and tested a novel inertial piezoelectric motor (IPM) that is the first IPM to have controllable total friction force, which means that it sticks with large total friction forces and slips with severely reduced total friction forces. This allows the IPM to work with greater robustness and produce a larger output force at a lower threshold voltage while also providing higher rigidity. This is a new IPM design that means that the total friction force can be dramatically reduced or even canceled where necessary by pushing the clamping points at the ends of a piezoelectric tube that contains the sliding shaft inside it in the opposite directions during piezoelectric deformation. Therefore, when the shaft is propelled forward by another exterior piezoelectric tube, the inner piezoelectric tube can deform to reduce the total friction force acting on the shaft instantly and cause more effective stepping movement of the shaft. While our new IPM requires the addition of another piezoelectric tube, which leads to an increase in volume of 120% when compared with traditional IPMs, the average step size has increased by more than 400% and the threshold voltage has decreased by more than 50 V. The improvement in performance is far more significant than the increase in volume. This enhanced performance will allow the proposed IPM to work under large load conditions where a simple and powerful piezoelectric motor is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lige Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Weifeng Ge
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Meng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yubin Hou
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyou Lu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, People's Republic of China
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11
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Li B, Xing T, Zhong M, Huang L, Lei N, Zhang J, Li J, Wei Z. A two-dimensional Fe-doped SnS 2 magnetic semiconductor. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1958. [PMID: 29208966 PMCID: PMC5717146 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02077-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic two-dimensional materials have attracted considerable attention for their significant potential application in spintronics. In this study, we present a high-quality Fe-doped SnS2 monolayer exfoliated using a micromechanical cleavage method. Fe atoms were doped at the Sn atom sites, and the Fe contents are ∼2.1%, 1.5%, and 1.1%. The field-effect transistors based on the Fe0.021Sn0.979S2 monolayer show n-type behavior and exhibit high optoelectronic performance. Magnetic measurements show that pure SnS2 is diamagnetic, whereas Fe0.021Sn0.979S2 exhibits ferromagnetic behavior with a perpendicular anisotropy at 2 K and a Curie temperature of ~31 K. Density functional theory calculations show that long-range ferromagnetic ordering in the Fe-doped SnS2 monolayer is energetically stable, and the estimated Curie temperature agrees well with the results of our experiment. The results suggest that Fe-doped SnS2 has significant potential in future nanoelectronic, magnetic, and optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences & College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China.,Department of Applied Physics, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Tao Xing
- Fert Beijing Institute, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, BDBC, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Mianzeng Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences & College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Le Huang
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Na Lei
- Fert Beijing Institute, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, BDBC, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences & College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jingbo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences & College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhongming Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences & College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China.
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12
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Non-volatile logic gates based on planar Hall effect in magnetic films with two in-plane easy axes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1115. [PMID: 28442742 PMCID: PMC5430745 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01219-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We discuss the use of planar Hall effect (PHE) in a ferromagnetic GaMnAs film with two in-plane easy axes as a means for achieving novel logic functionalities. We show that the switching of magnetization between the easy axes in a GaMnAs film depends strongly on the magnitude of the current flowing through the film due to thermal effects that modify its magnetic anisotropy. Planar Hall resistance in a GaMnAs film with two in-plane easy axes shows well-defined maxima and minima that can serve as two binary logic states. By choosing appropriate magnitudes of the input current for the GaMnAs Hall device, magnetic logic functions can then be achieved. Specifically, non-volatile logic functionalities such as AND, OR, NAND, and NOR gates can be obtained in such a device by selecting appropriate initial conditions. These results, involving a simple PHE device, hold promise for realizing programmable logic elements in magnetic electronics.
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