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Lee SJ, Jang H, Lee DN. Recent advances in nanoflowers: compositional and structural diversification for potential applications. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:5165-5213. [PMID: 37767032 PMCID: PMC10521310 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00163f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, nanoscience and nanotechnology have emerged as promising fields in materials science. Spectroscopic techniques like scanning tunneling microscopy and atomic force microscopy have revolutionized the characterization, manipulation, and size control of nanomaterials, enabling the creation of diverse materials such as fullerenes, graphene, nanotubes, nanofibers, nanorods, nanowires, nanoparticles, nanocones, and nanosheets. Among these nanomaterials, there has been considerable interest in flower-shaped hierarchical 3D nanostructures, known as nanoflowers. These structures offer advantages like a higher surface-to-volume ratio compared to spherical nanoparticles, cost-effectiveness, and environmentally friendly preparation methods. Researchers have explored various applications of 3D nanostructures with unique morphologies derived from different nanoflowers. The nanoflowers are classified as organic, inorganic and hybrid, and the hybrids are a combination thereof, and most research studies of the nanoflowers have been focused on biomedical applications. Intriguingly, among them, inorganic nanoflowers have been studied extensively in various areas, such as electro, photo, and chemical catalysis, sensors, supercapacitors, and batteries, owing to their high catalytic efficiency and optical characteristics, which arise from their composition, crystal structure, and local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). Despite the significant interest in inorganic nanoflowers, comprehensive reviews on this topic have been scarce until now. This is the first review focusing on inorganic nanoflowers for applications in electro, photo, and chemical catalysts, sensors, supercapacitors, and batteries. Since the early 2000s, more than 350 papers have been published on this topic with many ongoing research projects. This review categorizes the reported inorganic nanoflowers into four groups based on their composition and structure: metal, metal oxide, alloy, and other nanoflowers, including silica, metal-metal oxide, core-shell, doped, coated, nitride, sulfide, phosphide, selenide, and telluride nanoflowers. The review thoroughly discusses the preparation methods, conditions for morphology and size control, mechanisms, characteristics, and potential applications of these nanoflowers, aiming to facilitate future research and promote highly effective and synergistic applications in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jung Lee
- Ingenium College of Liberal Arts (Chemistry), Kwangwoon University Seoul 01897 Korea
| | - Hongje Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University Seoul 01897 Korea
| | - Do Nam Lee
- Ingenium College of Liberal Arts (Chemistry), Kwangwoon University Seoul 01897 Korea
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Shafiq A, Deshmukh AR, AbouAitah K, Kim BS. Green Synthesis of Controlled Shape Silver Nanostructures and Their Peroxidase, Catalytic Degradation, and Antibacterial Activity. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:325. [PMID: 37367289 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14060325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles with unique shapes have garnered significant interest due to their enhanced surface area-to-volume ratio, leading to improved potential compared to their spherical counterparts. The present study focuses on a biological approach to producing different silver nanostructures employing Moringa oleifera leaf extract. Phytoextract provides metabolites, serving as reducing and stabilizing agents in the reaction. Two different silver nanostructures, dendritic (AgNDs) and spherical (AgNPs), were successfully formed by adjusting the phytoextract concentration with and without copper ions in the reaction system, resulting in particle sizes of ~300 ± 30 nm (AgNDs) and ~100 ± 30 nm (AgNPs). These nanostructures were characterized by several techniques to ascertain their physicochemical properties; the surface was distinguished by functional groups related to polyphenols due to plant extract that led to critical controlling of the shape of nanoparticles. Nanostructures performance was assessed in terms of peroxidase-like activity, catalytic behavior for dye degradation, and antibacterial activity. Spectroscopic analysis revealed that AgNDs demonstrated significantly higher peroxidase activity compared to AgNPs when evaluated using chromogenic reagent 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine. Furthermore, AgNDs exhibited enhanced catalytic degradation activities, achieving degradation percentages of 92.2% and 91.0% for methyl orange and methylene blue dyes, respectively, compared to 66.6% and 58.0% for AgNPs. Additionally, AgNDs exhibited superior antibacterial properties against Gram-negative E. coli compared to Gram-positive S. aureus, as evidenced by the calculated zone of inhibition. These findings highlight the potential of the green synthesis method in generating novel nanoparticle morphologies, such as dendritic shape, compared with the traditionally synthesized spherical shape of silver nanostructures. The synthesis of such unique nanostructures holds promise for various applications and further investigations in diverse sectors, including chemical and biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Shafiq
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Aarti R Deshmukh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Khaled AbouAitah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom-Soo Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
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Lee J, Cha S, Lee BH, Jan AA, Kizhakkekara R, Yang J, Kim MK, Baik S. Solid-state thermal rectification of bilayers by asymmetric elastic modulus. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:1431-1439. [PMID: 36786713 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh01550a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A highly efficient thermal rectification applicable to large panels still needs to be developed. Here, we experimentally achieve a high thermal rectification efficiency of 33% by carefully engineering elastic modulus asymmetry in a centimeter-scale bilayered silver-graphene oxide sponge. The thermal conduction primarily occurs in the out-of-plane direction, and the forward heat flow direction is from the hard silver to the soft graphene oxide. Surprisingly, the forward heat flow direction is reversed when a silver layer is formed on a harder polystyrene foam. The forward direction is always from the harder side to the softer side, and the asymmetry in elastic modulus is suggested as a possible mechanism based on the one-dimensional Frenkel-Kontorova (FK) model. The finite element analysis indicates that other mechanisms such as temperature-dependent thermal conductivity and radiation asymmetry cannot explain the high rectification efficiency. This scalable work over a wide temperature range may find immediate industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbyeong Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea. mkkim1212@skku
| | - Seokjae Cha
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea. mkkim1212@skku
| | - Byung Ho Lee
- Center for Nanotubes and Nanostructured Composites, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Agha Aamir Jan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea. mkkim1212@skku
| | - Rijin Kizhakkekara
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehun Yang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea. mkkim1212@skku
| | - Moon Ki Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea. mkkim1212@skku
- Center for Nanotubes and Nanostructured Composites, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Sungkyunkwan Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyun Baik
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea. mkkim1212@skku
- Center for Nanotubes and Nanostructured Composites, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
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Liu Y, Liu CH, Debnath T, Wang Y, Pohl D, Besteiro LV, Meira DM, Huang S, Yang F, Rellinghaus B, Chaker M, Perepichka DF, Ma D. Silver nanoparticle enhanced metal-organic matrix with interface-engineering for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Nat Commun 2023; 14:541. [PMID: 36725862 PMCID: PMC9892045 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35981-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrating plasmonic nanoparticles into the photoactive metal-organic matrix is highly desirable due to the plasmonic near field enhancement, complementary light absorption, and accelerated separation of photogenerated charge carriers at the junction interface. The construction of a well-defined, intimate interface is vital for efficient charge carrier separation, however, it remains a challenge in synthesis. Here we synthesize a junction bearing intimate interface, composed of plasmonic Ag nanoparticles and matrix with silver node via a facile one-step approach. The plasmonic effect of Ag nanoparticles on the matrix is visualized through electron energy loss mapping. Moreover, charge carrier transfer from the plasmonic nanoparticles to the matrix is verified through ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy and in-situ photoelectron spectroscopy. The system delivers highly efficient visible-light photocatalytic H2 generation, surpassing most reported metal-organic framework-based photocatalytic systems. This work sheds light on effective electronic and energy bridging between plasmonic nanoparticles and organic semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannan Liu
- Énergie Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifque (INRS) 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC J3X 1P7 Canada ,grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Present Address: Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (Cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Cheng-Hao Liu
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Tushar Debnath
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XChair for Photonics and Optoelectronics Nano-Institute Munich Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Königinstr. 10, 80539 München, Germany
| | - Yong Wang
- Énergie Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifque (INRS) 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC J3X 1P7 Canada
| | - Darius Pohl
- Present Address: Dresden Center for Nanoanalysis (DCN), 01062 Dresden, Germany ,grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Present Address: Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (Cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Lucas V. Besteiro
- grid.6312.60000 0001 2097 6738CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Debora Motta Meira
- grid.187073.a0000 0001 1939 4845CLS@APS sector 20, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 60439 Lemont, IL USA ,grid.423571.60000 0004 0443 7584Canadian Light Source Inc., Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3 Canada
| | - Shengyun Huang
- Énergie Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifque (INRS) 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC J3X 1P7 Canada
| | - Fan Yang
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Bernd Rellinghaus
- Present Address: Dresden Center for Nanoanalysis (DCN), 01062 Dresden, Germany ,grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Present Address: Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (Cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Mohamed Chaker
- Énergie Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifque (INRS) 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC J3X 1P7 Canada
| | - Dmytro F. Perepichka
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Dongling Ma
- Énergie Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifque (INRS) 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC J3X 1P7 Canada
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Green Synthesis of Flower-Like Carrageenan-Silver Nanoparticles and Elucidation of Its Physicochemical and Antibacterial Properties. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020907. [PMID: 36677963 PMCID: PMC9860806 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the green synthesis of flower-like carrageenan-silver nanoparticles (c-AgNPs) through a facile hydrothermal reaction at 90 °C for 2 h. The reduction of silver nitrate (AgNO3) to c-AgNPs was evident by the colour change of the solution from colourless to dark brown and further confirmed by a UV-Vis surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak at ~420 nm. The FTIR spectra showed that the abundance of functional groups present in the carrageenan were responsible for the reduction and stabilisation of the c-AgNPs. The XRD pattern confirmed the crystalline nature and face-centred cubic structure of the c-AgNPs, while the EDX analysis showed the presence of a high composition of elemental silver (85.87 wt%). Interestingly, the morphological characterisations by SEM and FE-SEM revealed the formation of flower-like c-AgNPs composed of intercrossed and random lamellar petals of approximately 50 nm in thickness. The growth mechanism of flower-like c-AgNPs were elucidated based on the TEM and AFM analyses. The c-AgNPs displayed promising antibacterial properties against E. coli and S. aureus, with zones of inhibition ranging from 8.0 ± 0.0 to 11.7 ± 0.6 mm and 7.3 ± 0.6 to 9.7 ± 0.6 mm, respectively, as the concentration of c-AgNPs increased from 0.1 to 4 mg/mL.
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Selbmann F, Scherf C, Langenickel J, Roscher F, Wiemer M, Kuhn H, Joseph Y. Impact of Non-Accelerated Aging on the Properties of Parylene C. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235246. [PMID: 36501649 PMCID: PMC9740118 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The polymer Parylene combines a variety of excellent properties and, hence, is an object of intensive research for packaging applications, such as the direct encapsulation of medical implants. Moreover, in the past years, an increasing interest for establishing new applications for Parylene is observed. These include the usage of Parylene as a flexible substrate, a dielectric, or a material for MEMS, e.g., a bonding adhesive. The increasing importance of Parylene raises questions regarding the long-term reliability and aging of Parylene as well as the impact of the aging on the Parylene properties. Within this paper, we present the first investigations on non-accelerated Parylene C aging for a period of about five years. Doing so, free-standing Parylene membranes were fabricated to investigate the barrier properties, the chemical stability, as well as the optical properties of Parylene in dependence on different post-treatments to the polymer. These properties were found to be excellent and with only a minor age-related impact. Additionally, the mechanical properties, i.e., the Young's modulus and the hardness, were investigated via nano-indentation over the same period of time. For both mechanical properties only, minor changes were observed. The results prove that Parylene C is a highly reliable polymer for applications that needs a high long-term stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Selbmann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Electronic Nano Systems ENAS, Technologie-Campus 3, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
- Institute for Electronic and Sensor Materials, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Gustav-Zeuner-Straße 3, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Christina Scherf
- Fraunhofer Institute for Electronic Nano Systems ENAS, Technologie-Campus 3, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Jörn Langenickel
- Center for Microtechnologies, TU Chemnitz, Reichenhainer Straße 70, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Frank Roscher
- Fraunhofer Institute for Electronic Nano Systems ENAS, Technologie-Campus 3, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Maik Wiemer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Electronic Nano Systems ENAS, Technologie-Campus 3, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Harald Kuhn
- Fraunhofer Institute for Electronic Nano Systems ENAS, Technologie-Campus 3, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
- Center for Microtechnologies, TU Chemnitz, Reichenhainer Straße 70, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Yvonne Joseph
- Institute for Electronic and Sensor Materials, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Gustav-Zeuner-Straße 3, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
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Nguyen MC, Ngan Luong TQ, Vu TT, Anh CT, Dao TC. Synthesis of wool roll-like silver nanoflowers in an ethanol/water mixture and their application to detect traces of the fungicide carbendazim by SERS technique. RSC Adv 2022; 12:11583-11590. [PMID: 35425087 PMCID: PMC9006241 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra09286c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Raman signal enhancement ability of the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technique is largely determined by the SERS substrate, which is usually a collection of precious metal (such as silver or gold) nanoparticles. For use in the SERS substrate, anisotropic metal nanoparticles, e.g. flower-like, will be preferred over the isotropic ones since they will give higher Raman enhancement. The problem is that it is very difficult to fabricate anisotropic metal nanoparticles as small as the isotropic ones that are best suited for use as SERS substrates. This study deals with the synthesis of wool roll-like silver nanoflowers (AgNFs) in a mixed ethanol/water solution instead of the usual aqueous solution when reducing silver nitrate with ascorbic acid in the presence of citric acid, which acts as a structure-directing agent. The size of the wool roll-shaped AgNFs was reduced from about 700 nm when the solution was purely aqueous to about 280 nm when in the mixed solution the ethanol/water volume ratio was 75/25. Thanks to the size reduction of AgNFs, the enhancement factor of SERS substrates made from them has increased dramatically, from 2.7 × 106 when the size of AgNFs is 700 nm to 5.4 × 109 when their size is 280 nm (the calculation is based on rhodamine 6G Raman and SERS spectroscopy). The application of the above AgNFs to recording the SERS spectrum of carbendazim (CBZ), a typical fungicide, at low concentrations has also shown that the smaller the size of the AgNFs, the higher the intensity of the CBZ characteristic bands. The wool roll-shaped AgNFs with a size of 280 nm allowed CBZ to be detected down to a concentration of 0.01 ppm (4.2 × 10-8 M) with a detection limit of 3.2 ppb (13.4 × 10-9 M).
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Affiliation(s)
- Manh Cuong Nguyen
- Institute of Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay 100000 Hanoi Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay 100000 Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Truc Quynh Ngan Luong
- Institute of Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay 100000 Hanoi Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay 100000 Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Thi Thu Vu
- Institute of Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay 100000 Hanoi Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay 100000 Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Cao Tuan Anh
- Tantrao University Yen Son Trung Mon 22000 Tuyenquang Vietnam
| | - Tran Cao Dao
- Institute of Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay 100000 Hanoi Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay 100000 Hanoi Vietnam
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Chung K, Bang J, Thacharon A, Song HY, Kang SH, Jang WS, Dhull N, Thapa D, Ajmal CM, Song B, Lee SG, Wang Z, Jetybayeva A, Hong S, Lee KH, Cho EJ, Baik S, Oh SH, Kim YM, Lee YH, Kim SG, Kim SW. Non-oxidized bare copper nanoparticles with surface excess electrons in air. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 17:285-291. [PMID: 35145286 PMCID: PMC8930766 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-01070-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) nanoparticles (NPs) have received extensive interest owing to their advantageous properties compared with their bulk counterparts. Although the natural oxidation of Cu NPs can be alleviated by passivating the surfaces with additional moieties, obtaining non-oxidized bare Cu NPs in air remains challenging. Here we report that bare Cu NPs with surface excess electrons retain their non-oxidized state over several months in ambient air. Cu NPs grown on an electride support with excellent electron transfer ability are encapsulated by the surface-accumulated excess electrons, exhibiting an ultralow work function of ~3.2 eV. Atomic-scale structural and chemical analyses confirm the absence of Cu oxide moiety at the outermost surface of air-exposed bare Cu NPs. Theoretical energetics clarify that the surface-accumulated excess electrons suppress the oxygen adsorption and consequently prohibit the infiltration of oxygen into the Cu lattice, provoking the endothermic reaction for oxidation process. Our results will further stimulate the practical use of metal NPs in versatile applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungwha Chung
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonho Bang
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Athira Thacharon
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Yong Song
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hwang Kang
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Sung Jang
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Neha Dhull
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dinesh Thapa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Center for Computational Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - C Muhammed Ajmal
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumsub Song
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Gyu Lee
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Albina Jetybayeva
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungbum Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Hyoung Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jin Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyun Baik
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ho Oh
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Kim
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hee Lee
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Gon Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Center for Computational Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA.
| | - Sung Wng Kim
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
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Graphene/silver nanoflower hybrid coating for improved cycle performance of thermally-operated soft actuators. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17553. [PMID: 33067504 PMCID: PMC7568579 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74641-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Twisted and coiled actuators (TCAs), fabricated by twisting cheap nylon sewing threads, have attracted a great deal of attention for their use as artificial muscles or soft actuators. Since the dynamic behavior of a thermally-operated TCA is governed by its thermal properties, graphene and silver nanoflowers (AgNFs) were spray-coated onto the surface of an actuator to achieve enhanced heat transfer. Addition of AgNFs improves interfacial thermal contacts between graphene flakes, while pristine graphene flakes have extremely high in-plane thermal conductivity. Thus, the synergistic effect of graphene and AgNFs reduced the total cycle time of the TCA by up to 38%. Furthermore, when a pulsed current with a 40% duty cycle was applied to the TCA, the graphene/AgNF-coated TCA exhibited a threefold larger peak-to-peak amplitude of the displacement oscillation of the actuator, as compared to that of the non-coated TCA, which demonstrates that the combination of graphene and AgNFs effectively reduced a cooling time of the TCA. This work shows great potential for a simple coating of graphene and AgNFs to produce high-performance thermally-operated soft actuators.
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Electron tunneling of hierarchically structured silver nanosatellite particles for highly conductive healable nanocomposites. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2252. [PMID: 32382034 PMCID: PMC7206115 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15709-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Healable conductive materials have received considerable attention. However, their practical applications are impeded by low electrical conductivity and irreversible degradation after breaking/healing cycles. Here we report a highly conductive completely reversible electron tunneling-assisted percolation network of silver nanosatellite particles for putty-like moldable and healable nanocomposites. The densely and uniformly distributed silver nanosatellite particles with a bimodal size distribution are generated by the radical and reactive oxygen species-mediated vigorous etching and reduction reaction of silver flakes using tetrahydrofuran peroxide in a silicone rubber matrix. The close work function match between silicone and silver enables electron tunneling between nanosatellite particles, increasing electrical conductivity by ~5 orders of magnitude (1.02×103 Scm−1) without coalescence of fillers. This results in ~100% electrical healing efficiency after 1000 breaking/healing cycles and stability under water immersion and 6-month exposure to ambient air. The highly conductive moldable nanocomposite may find applications in improvising and healing electrical parts. Self-healable conductive materials are of importance for emerging electronic technologies. Here, Suh et al. report a nanocomposite exhibiting high conductivity facilitated by electron tunneling between silver nanoparticles and its 100% recovery of conductivity after 1000 breaking and healing cycles.
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Díaz-Liñán MC, García-Valverde MT, López-Lorente AI, Cárdenas S, Lucena R. Silver nanoflower-coated paper as dual substrate for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and ambient pressure mass spectrometry analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:3547-3557. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02603-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Abstract
This review provides an up-to-date overview on silver nanoparticles-based materials suitable as optical sensors for water pollutants. The topic is really hot considering the implications for human health and environment due to water pollutants. In fact, the pollutants present in the water disturb the spontaneity of life-related mechanisms, such as the synthesis of cellular constituents and the transport of nutrients into cells, and this causes long / short-term diseases. For this reason, research continuously tends to develop always innovative, selective and efficient processes / technologies to remove pollutants from water. In this paper we will report on the silver nanoparticles synthesis, paying attention to the stabilizers and mostly used ligands, to the characterizations, to the properties and applications as colorimetric sensors for water pollutants. As water pollutants our attention will be focused on several heavy metals ions, such as Hg(II), Ni(II),Cu(II), Fe(III), Mn(II), Cr(III/V) Co(II) Cd(II), Pb(II), due to their dangerous effects on human health. In addition, several systems based on silver nanoparticles employed as pesticides colorimetric sensors in water will be also discussed. All of this with the aim to provide to readers a guide about recent advanced silver nanomaterials, used as colorimetric sensors in water.
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Suh D, Lee S, Xu C, Jan AA, Baik S. Significantly enhanced phonon mean free path and thermal conductivity by percolation of silver nanoflowers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:2453-2462. [PMID: 30652710 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp07229a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Soft thermal interface materials (TIMs) composed of thermally conductive fillers and polymer matrixes have been widely employed for thermal management in electronic and energy devices. However, the thermal conductivity (κ) of TIMs is significantly smaller than the intrinsic κ of fillers due to the large interfacial thermal contact resistance between fillers. Here we achieve a very efficient thermal percolation network of flower-shaped silver nanoparticles (silver nanoflowers, Ag NFs) in soft polyurethane (PU) matrix TIMs. A record high κ (42.4 W m-1 K-1) is achieved compared with soft isotropic TIMs in the literature. Ag nanoflake-PU and Ag nanosphere-PU TIMs provide significantly smaller κ (7.9 and 15.0 W m-1 K-1) at an identical filler concentration (38 vol%). Surprisingly, the phonon transport of the Ag NF-PU TIM dramatically increases (κlat = 22.2 W m-1 K-1) compared with Ag nanoflake-PU and Ag nanosphere-PU (κlat = 0.2 and 1.2 W m-1 K-1) TIMs. Kinetic theory reveals that the phonon mean free path (39.6 nm) is significantly increased for the Ag NF-PU TIM by the active coalescence of metallic Ag NFs. The hierarchically structured Ag NFs construct an excellent thermal percolation network in soft isotropic TIMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daewoo Suh
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
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Ajmal CM, Bae S, Baik S. A Superior Method for Constructing Electrical Percolation Network of Nanocomposite Fibers: In Situ Thermally Reduced Silver Nanoparticles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1803255. [PMID: 30515984 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201803255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanocomposite fibers, composed of conductive nanoparticles and polymer matrix, are crucial for wearable electronics. However, the nanoparticle mixing approach results in aggregation and dispersion problems. A revolutionary synthesis method by premixing silver precursor ions (silver ammonium acetate) with polyvinyl alcohol is reported here. The solvation of ions-prevented aggregation, and uniformly distributed silver nanoparticles (in situ AgNPs, 77 nm) are formed after thermal reduction (155 °C) without using additional reducing or dispersion agents. The conductive fiber is synthesized by the wet spinning technology. After careful optimization, flower-shaped silver nanoparticles (AgNFs, 350-450 nm) are also employed as cofillers. The addition of in situ AgNPs (9.5 vol%) to AgNFs (30 vol%) increases electrical conductivity by 1434% (2090 to 32 064 S cm-1 ) through the efficient construction of percolation networks. The in situ AgNPs provide significantly higher conductivity compared with other secondary nanoparticle fillers. The gaseous byproducts dramatically increase flexibility with a moderate compromise in tensile strength (55 MPa). The particle-free ion-level uniform mixing of silver precursors, followed by in situ reduction, would be a fundamental paradigm shift in nanocomposite synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Muhammed Ajmal
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Seonghyun Bae
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Seunghyun Baik
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, 16419, Korea
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Jan AA, Suh D, Bae S, Baik S. Unusual strain-dependent thermal conductivity modulation of silver nanoflower-polyurethane fibers. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:17799-17806. [PMID: 30215658 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr04818e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Thermal management of stretchable and wearable electronic devices is an important issue in enhancing performance, reliability, and human thermal comfort. Here, we constructed a unique experimental setup which investigated the strain-dependent thermal conductivity. The thermal conductivity of flower-shaped silver nanoparticle (silver nanoflower)-polyurethane (Ag-PU) composite fibers was systematically investigated as a function of strain. The strain-dependent temperature distribution of the Joule-heated fiber was measured using an infrared camera, and the thermal conductivity was obtained from the 1-dimensional Fourier's conduction model. There was a monotonic decrease in both lattice and electronic thermal conductivity with stretching at 25 °C. However, there was an initial increase in lattice and total thermal conductivity in the low strain region (<10%), when the fiber was stretched at 45 °C, although the electronic thermal conductivity decreased monotonically. The softening of the polymer at increased temperatures enhanced Poisson's ratio. Resultantly, the fiber cross-sectional area and radial-direction inter-particle distance between silver nanoflowers decreased. This could increase the thermal transport in conductive fibers by modulating the interfaces between silver nanoflowers and polyurethane. A further stretching decreased the lattice thermal conductivity due to the significantly increased axial distance between silver nanoflowers and the decreased filler fraction. The weft-knitted fabric also demonstrated an increased thermal conductance in the low strain region (≤30%) at 45 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agha Aamir Jan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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Khan FA, Ajmal CM, Bae S, Seo S, Moon H, Baik S. Silver Nanoflower Decorated Graphene Oxide Sponges for Highly Sensitive Variable Stiffness Stress Sensors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1800549. [PMID: 29756315 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201800549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Soft conductive materials should enable large deformation while keeping high electrical conductivity and elasticity. The graphene oxide (GO)-based sponge is a potential candidate to endow large deformation. However, it typically exhibits low conductivity and elasticity. Here, the highly conductive and elastic sponge composed of GO, flower-shaped silver nanoparticles (AgNFs), and polyimide (GO-AgNF-PI sponge) are demonstrated. The average pore size and porosity are 114 µm and 94.7%, respectively. Ag NFs have thin petals (8-20 nm) protruding out of the surface of a spherical bud (300-350 nm) significantly enhancing the specific surface area (2.83 m2 g-1 ). The electrical conductivity (0.306 S m-1 at 0% strain) of the GO-AgNF-PI sponge is increased by more than an order of magnitude with the addition of Ag NFs. A nearly perfect elasticity is obtained over a wide compressive strain range (0-90%). The strain-dependent, nonlinear variation of Young's modulus of the sponge provides a unique opportunity as a variable stiffness stress sensor that operates over a wide stress range (0-10 kPa) with a high maximum sensitivity (0.572 kPa-1 ). It allows grasping of a soft rose and a hard bottle, with the minimal object deformation, when attached on the finger of a robot gripper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakhre Alam Khan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - C Muhammed Ajmal
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Seonghyun Bae
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Sungwon Seo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Hyungpil Moon
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Seunghyun Baik
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Korea
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, 16419, Korea
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Doustkhah E, Rostamnia S, Tsunoji N, Henzie J, Takei T, Yamauchi Y, Ide Y. Templated synthesis of atomically-thin Ag nanocrystal catalysts in the interstitial space of a layered silicate. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:4402-4405. [PMID: 29459922 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc00275d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Enclosing functional nanoparticles in stable inorganic supports is important for generating ultra-stable catalytic active sites with good performance and material utilization efficiency. Here we describe a simple method to synthesize ultra-thin Ag nanocrystals with dimensions that are defined by the ∼1.4 nm 2D interlayer separating a layered silicate nanostructure. We call the particles "nanoplates" because they are <1.4 nm thick in one direction and their in-plane dimensions are defined by reaction time. The layered silicate is pillared with dialkylurea, which serves both as a reducing agent for the Ag precursor and immobilizes the Ag nanoplates in the interstitial nanospace. The supported Ag nanoplates showed catalytic activity for hydrolysis of NH3BH3 and generation of H2 at room temperature. These supported Ag nanocatalysts had performance much higher than spherical Ag nanoparticles. They, moreover, had performance and stability comparable to costly supported Pt nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmail Doustkhah
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitechtonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan.
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Roy S, Muhammed Ajmal C, Baik S, Kim J. Silver nanoflowers for single-particle SERS with 10 pM sensitivity. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:465705. [PMID: 28901949 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa8c57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has received considerable attention as a noninvasive optical sensing technique with ultrahigh sensitivity. While numerous types of metallic particles have been actively investigated as SERS substrates, the development of new SERS agents with high sensitivity and their reliable characterization are still required. Here we report the preparation and characterization of flower-shaped silver (Ag) nanoparticles that exhibit high-sensitivity single-particle SERS performance. Ag nanoflowers (NFs) with bud sizes in the range 220-620 nm were synthesized by the wet synthesis method. The densely packed nanoscale petals with thicknesses in the range 9-22 nm exhibit a large number of hot spots that significantly enhance their plasmonic activity. A single Ag NF particle (530-620 nm) can detect as little as 10-11 M 4-mercaptobenzoic acid, and thus provides a sensitivity three orders of SERS magnitude greater than that of a spherical Ag nanoparticle. The analytical enhancement factors for single Ag NF particles were found to be as high as 8.0 × 109, providing unprecedented high SERS detectivity at the single particle level. Here we present an unambiguous and systematic assessment of the SERS performances of the Ag NFs and demonstrate that they provide highly sensitive sensing platforms by single SERS particle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrawan Roy
- IBS Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea. Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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Ji SY, Ajmal CM, Kim T, Chang WS, Baik S. Laser patterning of highly conductive flexible circuits. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:165301. [PMID: 28291021 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa66a2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
There has been considerable attention paid to highly conductive flexible adhesive (CFA) materials as electrodes and interconnectors for future flexible electronic devices. However, the patterning technology still needs to be developed to construct micro-scale electrodes and circuits. Here we developed the selective laser sintering technology where the pattering and curing were accomplished simultaneously without making additional masks. The CFA was composed of micro-scale Ag flakes, multiwalled carbon nanotubes decorated with Ag nanoparticles, and a nitrile-butadiene-rubber matrix. The Teflon-coated polyethylene terephthalate film was used as a flexible substrate. The width of lines (50-500 μm) and circuit patterns were controlled by the programmable scanning of a focused laser beam (power = 50 mW, scanning speed = 1 mm s-1). The laser irradiation removed solvent and induced effective coalescence among fillers providing a conductivity as high as 25 012 S cm-1. The conductivity stability was excellent under the ambient air and humid environments. The normalized resistance change of the pattern was smaller than 1.2 at the bending radius of 5 mm. The cyclability and adhesion of the laser-sintered line pattern on the substrate was excellent. A flexible circuit was fabricated sequentially for operating light emitting diodes during the bending motion, demonstrating excellent feasibility for practical applications in flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Young Ji
- Department of Nano Mechanics, Nanomechanical Systems Research Division, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, 156 Gajeongbuk-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea. Department of Nano-Mechatronics, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
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