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Jiang S, Lin J, Zhang R, Wu Q, Li H, Zhang Q, Wang M, Dai L, Xie D, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Han B. In situ mass spectrometry imaging reveals pesticide residues and key metabolic pathways throughout the entire cowpea growth process. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 472:134534. [PMID: 38733786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Cowpea plants, renowned for their high edibility, pose a significant risk of pesticide residue contamination. Elucidating the behavior of pesticide residues and their key metabolic pathways is critical for ensuring cowpea safety and human health. This study investigated the migration of pesticide residues and their key metabolic pathways in pods throughout the growth process of cowpea plants via in situ mass spectrometry. To this end, four pesticides--including systemic (thiram), and nonsystemic (fluopyram, pyriproxyfen, and cyromazine) pesticides--were selected. The results indicate the direct upward and downward transmission of pesticides in cowpea stems and pods. Systemic pesticides gradually migrate to the core of cowpea plants, whereas nonsystemic pesticides remain on the surface of cowpea peels. The migration rate is influenced by the cowpea maturity, logarithmic octanol-water partition coefficient (log Kow) value, and molecular weight of the pesticide. Further, 20 types of key metabolites related to glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and flavonoid synthesis were found in cowpea pods after pesticide treatment. These findings afford insights into improving cowpea quality and ensuring the safe use of pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufan Jiang
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables; Key Laboratory of Nutritional Quality and Health Benefits of Tropical Agricultural Products of Haikou City, Haikou 571101, Hainan, China; Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; College of Horticulture and Landscape, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300392, China
| | - Jingling Lin
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables; Key Laboratory of Nutritional Quality and Health Benefits of Tropical Agricultural Products of Haikou City, Haikou 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables; Key Laboratory of Nutritional Quality and Health Benefits of Tropical Agricultural Products of Haikou City, Haikou 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables; Key Laboratory of Nutritional Quality and Health Benefits of Tropical Agricultural Products of Haikou City, Haikou 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Hongxing Li
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables; Key Laboratory of Nutritional Quality and Health Benefits of Tropical Agricultural Products of Haikou City, Haikou 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables; Key Laboratory of Nutritional Quality and Health Benefits of Tropical Agricultural Products of Haikou City, Haikou 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Mingyue Wang
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables; Key Laboratory of Nutritional Quality and Health Benefits of Tropical Agricultural Products of Haikou City, Haikou 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Longjun Dai
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Defang Xie
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables; Key Laboratory of Nutritional Quality and Health Benefits of Tropical Agricultural Products of Haikou City, Haikou 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables; Key Laboratory of Nutritional Quality and Health Benefits of Tropical Agricultural Products of Haikou City, Haikou 571101, Hainan, China.
| | - Xinzhong Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China.
| | - Bingjun Han
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables; Key Laboratory of Nutritional Quality and Health Benefits of Tropical Agricultural Products of Haikou City, Haikou 571101, Hainan, China.
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Maleki M, Shojaeiyan A, Mokhtassi-Bidgoli A. Differential responses of two fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) landraces pretreated with melatonin to prolonged drought stress and subsequent recovery. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:161. [PMID: 38429697 PMCID: PMC10908034 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04835-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drought impairs growth, disturbs photosynthesis, and induces senescence in plants, which results in crop productivity reduction and ultimately jeopardizes human food security. The objective of this study was to determine major parameters associated with drought tolerance and recovery ability of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.), by examining differential biochemical and phenological responses and underlying enzyme activities as well as melatonin roles during drought stress and re-watering for two contrasting landraces. Moreover, the relative expression of three key genes involved in the biosynthesis pathway of diosgenin, including SQS, CAS, and BG, was investigated. RESULTS Depending on the conditions, drought stress enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the osmoregulating compounds, non-enzymatic antioxidants, hydrogen peroxide content, and lipid peroxidation levels in most cases. Severe drought stress accelerated flowering time in Shushtar landrace (SHR) but had no significant effects on Varamin (VR). Pretreatment with melatonin delayed flowering time in SHR and caused high drought resistance in this landrace. Furthermore, melatonin significantly enhanced drought adaptability in VR by improving plant recovery ability. DISCUSSION Based on our results plants' responses to drought stress and melatonin pretreatment were completely landrace-specific. Drought stress caused an increase in the relative expression of CAS gene and ultimately the accumulation of steroidal saponins in SHR. Melatonin compensated for the decrease in biomass production due to drought stress and finally increased steroidal saponins performance in SHR. Our study showed that melatonin can improve drought stress and recovery in fenugreek, but different factors such as genotype, melatonin concentration, and plant age should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Maleki
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolali Shojaeiyan
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Mokhtassi-Bidgoli
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Hakla HR, Sharma S, Urfan M, Mandlik R, Kumawat S, Rajput P, Khajuria B, Chowdhary R, Deshmukh R, Roychowdhury R, Pal S. Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) for Identifying SNPs and Genes Related to Phosphate-Induced Phenotypic Traits in Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:457. [PMID: 38337989 PMCID: PMC10857258 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Phosphate (P) is a crucial macronutrient for normal plant growth and development. The P availability in soils is a limitation factor, and understanding genetic factors playing roles in plant adaptation for improving P uptake is of great biological importance. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have become indispensable tools in unraveling the genetic basis of complex traits in various plant species. In this study, a comprehensive GWAS was conducted on diverse tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) accessions grown under normal and low P conditions for two weeks. Plant traits such as shoot height, primary root length, plant biomass, shoot inorganic content (SiP), and root inorganic content (RiP) were measured. Among several models of GWAS tested, the Bayesian-information and linkage disequilibrium iteratively nested keyway (BLINK) models were used for the identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Among all the traits analyzed, significantly associated SNPs were recorded for PB, i.e., 1 SNP (SSL4.0CH10_49261145) under control P, SiP, i.e., 1 SNP (SSL4.0CH08_58433186) under control P and 1 SNP (SSL4.0CH08_51271168) under low P and RiP i.e., 2 SNPs (SSL4.0CH04_37267952 and SSL4.0CH09_4609062) under control P and 1 SNP (SSL4.0CH09_3930922) under low P condition. The identified SNPs served as genetic markers pinpointing regions of the tomato genome linked to P-responsive traits. The novel candidate genes associated with the identified SNPs were further analyzed for their protein-protein interactions using STRING. The study provided novel candidate genes, viz. Solyc10g050370 for PB under control, Solyc08g062490, and Solyc08g062500 for SiP and Solyc09g010450, Solyc09g010460, Solyc09g010690, and Solyc09g010710 for RiP under low P condition. These findings offer a glimpse into the genetic diversity of tomato accessions' responses to P uptake, highlighting the potential for tailored breeding programs to develop P-efficient tomato varieties that could adapt to varying soil conditions, making them crucial for sustainable agriculture and addressing global challenges, such as soil depletion and food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haroon Rashid Hakla
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, India; (H.R.H.); (S.S.); (M.U.); (P.R.); (B.K.); (R.C.)
- Central Integrated Pest Management Centre (CIPMC), Srinagar 190008, India
| | - Shubham Sharma
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, India; (H.R.H.); (S.S.); (M.U.); (P.R.); (B.K.); (R.C.)
| | - Mohammad Urfan
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, India; (H.R.H.); (S.S.); (M.U.); (P.R.); (B.K.); (R.C.)
| | - Rushil Mandlik
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi 110012, India; (R.M.); (S.K.); (R.D.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh 123031, India
| | - Surbhi Kumawat
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi 110012, India; (R.M.); (S.K.); (R.D.)
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Prakriti Rajput
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, India; (H.R.H.); (S.S.); (M.U.); (P.R.); (B.K.); (R.C.)
| | - Bhubneshwari Khajuria
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, India; (H.R.H.); (S.S.); (M.U.); (P.R.); (B.K.); (R.C.)
| | - Rehana Chowdhary
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, India; (H.R.H.); (S.S.); (M.U.); (P.R.); (B.K.); (R.C.)
| | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi 110012, India; (R.M.); (S.K.); (R.D.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh 123031, India
| | - Rajib Roychowdhury
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO)—Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Sikander Pal
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, India; (H.R.H.); (S.S.); (M.U.); (P.R.); (B.K.); (R.C.)
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Abd El Mageed TA, Semida W, Hemida KA, Gyushi MA, Rady MM, Abdelkhalik A, Merah O, Brestic M, Mohamed HI, El Sabagh A, Abdelhamid MT. Glutathione-mediated changes in productivity, photosynthetic efficiency, osmolytes, and antioxidant capacity of common beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris) grown under water deficit. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15343. [PMID: 37366423 PMCID: PMC10290831 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, salinity and drought are severe abiotic stresses that presently threaten vegetable production. This study investigates the potential exogenously-applied glutathione (GSH) to relieve water deficits on Phaseolus vulgaris plants cultivated in saline soil conditions (6.22 dS m-1) by evaluating agronomic, stability index of membrane, water satatus, osmolytes, and antioxidant capacity responses. During two open field growing seasons (2017 and 2018), foliar spraying of glutathione (GSH) at 0.5 (GSH1) or 1.0 (GSH1) mM and three irrigation rates (I100 = 100%, I80 = 80% and I60 = 60% of the crop evapotranspiration) were applied to common bean plants. Water deficits significantly decreased common bean growth, green pods yield, integrity of the membranes, plant water status, SPAD chlorophyll index, and photosynthetic capacity (Fv/Fm, PI), while not improving the irrigation use efficiency (IUE) compared to full irrigation. Foliar-applied GSH markedly lessened drought-induced damages to bean plants, by enhancing the above variables. The integrative I80 + GSH1 or GSH2 and I60 + GSH1 or GSH2 elevated the IUE and exceeded the full irrigation without GSH application (I100) treatment by 38% and 37%, and 33% and 28%, respectively. Drought stress increased proline and total soluble sugars content while decreased the total free amino acids content. However, GSH-supplemented drought-stressed plants mediated further increases in all analyzed osmolytes contents. Exogenous GSH enhanced the common bean antioxidative machinery, being promoted the glutathione and ascorbic acid content as well as up-regulated the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione peroxidase. These findings demonstrate the efficacy of exogenous GSH in alleviating water deficit in bean plants cultivated in salty soil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wael Semida
- Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | | | - Mohammed A.H. Gyushi
- Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Mostafa M. Rady
- Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | | | - Othmane Merah
- Laboratoire de Chimie Agro-industrielle, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- IUT A, Département Génie Biologique, Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III, Auch, France
| | - Marian Brestic
- Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, A. Hlinku 2, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Heba I. Mohamed
- Biological and Geological Sciences Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ayman El Sabagh
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr Al-Sheik, Egypt
- Botany Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Magdi T. Abdelhamid
- Botany Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
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Gorshkov AP, Kusakin PG, Borisov YG, Tsyganova AV, Tsyganov VE. Effect of Triazole Fungicides Titul Duo and Vintage on the Development of Pea ( Pisum sativum L.) Symbiotic Nodules. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8646. [PMID: 37240010 PMCID: PMC10217885 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Triazole fungicides are widely used in agricultural production for plant protection, including pea (Pisum sativum L.). The use of fungicides can negatively affect the legume-Rhizobium symbiosis. In this study, the effects of triazole fungicides Vintage and Titul Duo on nodule formation and, in particular, on nodule morphology, were studied. Both fungicides at the highest concentration decreased the nodule number and dry weight of the roots 20 days after inoculation. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the following ultrastructural changes in nodules: modifications in the cell walls (their clearing and thinning), thickening of the infection thread walls with the formation of outgrowths, accumulation of poly-β-hydroxybutyrates in bacteroids, expansion of the peribacteroid space, and fusion of symbiosomes. Fungicides Vintage and Titul Duo negatively affect the composition of cell walls, leading to a decrease in the activity of synthesis of cellulose microfibrils and an increase in the number of matrix polysaccharides of cell walls. The results obtained coincide well with the data of transcriptomic analysis, which revealed an increase in the expression levels of genes that control cell wall modification and defense reactions. The data obtained indicate the need for further research on the effects of pesticides on the legume-Rhizobium symbiosis in order to optimize their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artemii P. Gorshkov
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Saint Petersburg 196608, Russia; (A.P.G.); (P.G.K.); (A.V.T.)
| | - Pyotr G. Kusakin
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Saint Petersburg 196608, Russia; (A.P.G.); (P.G.K.); (A.V.T.)
| | - Yaroslav G. Borisov
- Research Resource Centre “Molecular and Cell Technologies”, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia;
| | - Anna V. Tsyganova
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Saint Petersburg 196608, Russia; (A.P.G.); (P.G.K.); (A.V.T.)
| | - Viktor E. Tsyganov
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Saint Petersburg 196608, Russia; (A.P.G.); (P.G.K.); (A.V.T.)
- Saint Petersburg Scientific Center RAS, Universitetskaya Embankment 5, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
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Maheshwari C, Garg NK, Singh A, Tyagi A. Optimization of paclobutrazol dose for mitigation of water-deficit stress in rice ( L.). BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2023.104596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Cheng P, Yue Q, Zhang Y, Zhao S, Khan A, Yang X, He J, Wang S, Shen W, Qian Q, Du W, Ma F, Zhang D, Guan Q. Application of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) improves fruit quality and rootstock drought tolerance in apple. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 280:153890. [PMID: 36571915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) plays a multifaceted role in plant growth, fruit quality, and tolerance to abiotic stresses. However, its physiological roles and mechanisms in the fruit quality and response to long-term drought stress in apple remain unelucidated. To investigate the effect of GABA on apple fruit quality and drought tolerance, we sprayed exogenous GABA on apple cultivar "Cripps Pink" and irrigated rootstock M.9-T337 with GABA, respectively. Results showed that exogenous GABA could effectively improve the fruit quality of "Cripps Pink", including increased sugar-to-acid ratio, flesh firmness, pericarp malleability, and GABA content, as well as reduced fruit acidity. In addition, pretreatment of M.9-T337 plants with GABA improved their tolerance to both long- and short-term drought stress. Specifically, 1 mM exogenous GABA increased the net photosynthetic rate, relative leaf water content, root-to-shoot ratio, and water use efficiency under long-term drought stress, and delayed the increased of the relative electrolyte leakage under short-term drought stress. RNA-seq analysis identified 1271 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between nontreated and GABA-pretreated plants under short-term drought stress. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis of these DEGs revealed that GABA may enhance plant drought resistance by upregulating the expression of genes related to "Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites", "MAPK signaling pathway", "Glutathione metabolism", and "Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms". In conclusion, these results revealed that exogenous GABA can improve fruit quality and enhance drought tolerance in apple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengda Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Qianyu Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yutian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Abid Khan
- Department of Horticulture, The University of Haripur, Haripur, 22620, Pakistan
| | - Xinyue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jieqiang He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Shicong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Wenyun Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Qian Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Wanshan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Dehui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Qingmei Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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Chen X, Li N, Liu C, Wang H, Li Y, Xie Y, Ma F, Liang J, Li C. Exogenous GABA improves the resistance of apple seedlings to long-term drought stress by enhancing GABA shunt and secondary cell wall biosynthesis. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:2563-2577. [PMID: 35972819 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is an important factor limiting apple production. γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) exists widely in plants and participates in the response to abiotic stress as a metabolite or signaling molecule. The role of exogenous GABA in apple plants, response to long-term drought stress remains unclear. Our study confirmed that exogenous GABA affects the drought resistance of apple plants under long-term drought stress. We found that 1 mM exogenous GABA improved the resistance of apple seedlings to long-term drought stress. The plants showed better growth, less reactive oxygen radical accumulation, less damage to cell membranes and greater active photosynthetic capacity. Under long-term drought stress, exogenous GABA facilitated GABA shunt, resulting in more accumulation of organic acids, namely citric acid, succinic acid and malic acid, in roots and stems of apple seedlings. In addition, exogenous GABA upregulated the expression of cellulose-related genes and lignin-related genes, and activated secondary cell wall-related transcription factors to synthesize more cellulose and lignin. A multiple factorial analysis confirmed that the GABA shunt and the biosynthesis of cellulose and lignin substantially contributed to the growth of apple seedlings with the application of exogenous GABA under long-term drought stress. Our results suggested that exogenous GABA improved the resistance of apple seedlings to long-term drought stress by enhancing GABA shunt and secondary cell wall biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chenlu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hongtao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yuxing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yuanmei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jiakai Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Cuiying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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9
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Maheshwari C, Garg NK, Hasan M, V P, Meena NL, Singh A, Tyagi A. Insight of PBZ mediated drought amelioration in crop plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1008993. [PMID: 36523622 PMCID: PMC9745151 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1008993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Water scarcity is a significant environmental limitation to plant productivity as drought-induced crop output losses are likely to outnumber losses from all other factors. In this context, triazole compounds have recently been discovered to act as plant growth regulators and multi-stress protectants such as heat, chilling, drought, waterlogging, heavy metals, etc. Paclobutrazol (PBZ) [(2RS, 3RS)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)- 4, 4-dimethyl-2-(1H-1, 2, 4-trizol-1-yl)-pentan-3-ol)] disrupts the isoprenoid pathway by blocking ent-kaurene synthesis, affecting gibberellic acid (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) hormone levels. PBZ affects the level of ethylene and cytokinin by interfering with their biosynthesis pathways. Through a variety of physiological responses, PBZ improves plant survival under drought. Some of the documented responses include a decrease in transpiration rate (due to reduced leaf area), higher diffusive resistance, relieving reduction in water potential, greater relative water content, less water use, and increased antioxidant activity. We examined and discussed current findings as well as the prospective application of PBZ in regulating crop growth and ameliorating abiotic stresses in this review. Furthermore, the influence of PBZ on numerous biochemical, physiological, and molecular processes is thoroughly investigated, resulting in increased crop yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirag Maheshwari
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Nitin Kumar Garg
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, India
| | - Muzaffar Hasan
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- Agro Produce Processing Department, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal, India
| | - Prathap V
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Nand Lal Meena
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Archana Singh
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Aruna Tyagi
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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10
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Urfan M, Hakla HR, Sharma S, Khajuria M, Satbhai SB, Vyas D, Bhougal S, Yadav NS, Pal S. Paclobutrazol improves surface water use efficiency by regulating allometric trait behavior in maize. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135958. [PMID: 35952796 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Paclobutrazol (PBZ) role in drought management of maize is least understood. In maize, root traits are linked with surface water management. Over three years, early and terminal deficit irrigation (EDI and TDI) with or without PBZ were imposed on DKC-9144 and PG-2475 maize varieties. Several allometric parameters viz. stem height, stem diameter, leaf area and root traits along with physiological processes were measured. Implication of these parameters in the management of soil surface irrigation in terms of water use efficiency (WUE) was demonstrated in maize. Increased number of lateral roots and root number density in DKC-9144 provided more surface area for water absorption for better management of EDI. Root growth rates showed a similar pattern with root length, root surface areas, and root numbers in EDI. Elevated expressions of ZmRTCL, ZmRTCS and ZmARF34 in EDI and EDI plus PBZ were associated with seminal roots and root laterals initiation. Under TDI alone or in combination with PBZ, root lengths (BRL, CRL, SRL) and root surface areas varied in DKC-9144 and PG-2475 over control. Furthermore, correlation analysis showed that decrease in WUE under TDI was significantly associated with a reduction in stem thickness and leaf surface area. For WUE_N in TDI and PBZ plus TDI, structural equation modelling proposed, brace root surface area (BRSA_N) as a positive contributor, while a negative contributor was seminal root surface area (SRSA_N). Present study explained the importance of specific root traits and their association with other allometric parameters for improving WUE in DKC-9144 variety of maize and the crop in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Urfan
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Jammu, Jammu, 180006, India.
| | - Haroon Rashid Hakla
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Jammu, Jammu, 180006, India.
| | - Shubham Sharma
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Jammu, Jammu, 180006, India.
| | - Manu Khajuria
- Biodiversity and Applied Botany Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India.
| | - Santosh B Satbhai
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Mohali, SAS Nagar, Punjab, 140406, India.
| | - Dhiraj Vyas
- Biodiversity and Applied Botany Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India.
| | - Sunil Bhougal
- Department of Statistics, University of Jammu, Jammu, 180006, India.
| | - Narendra Singh Yadav
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, 403587, Canada.
| | - Sikander Pal
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Jammu, Jammu, 180006, India.
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11
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Yadav R, Kalia S, Rangan P, Pradheep K, Rao GP, Kaur V, Pandey R, Rai V, Vasimalla CC, Langyan S, Sharma S, Thangavel B, Rana VS, Vishwakarma H, Shah A, Saxena A, Kumar A, Singh K, Siddique KHM. Current Research Trends and Prospects for Yield and Quality Improvement in Sesame, an Important Oilseed Crop. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:863521. [PMID: 35599863 PMCID: PMC9120847 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.863521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is shifting agricultural production, which could impact the economic and cultural contexts of the oilseed industry, including sesame. Environmental threats (biotic and abiotic stresses) affect sesame production and thus yield (especially oil content). However, few studies have investigated the genetic enhancement, quality improvement, or the underlying mechanisms of stress tolerance in sesame. This study reveals the challenges faced by farmers/researchers growing sesame crops and the potential genetic and genomic resources for addressing the threats, including: (1) developing sesame varieties that tolerate phyllody, root rot disease, and waterlogging; (2) investigating beneficial agro-morphological traits, such as determinate growth, prostrate habit, and delayed response to seed shattering; (3) using wild relatives of sesame for wide hybridization; and (4) advancing existing strategies to maintain sesame production under changing climatic conditions. Future research programs need to add technologies and develop the best research strategies for economic and sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Yadav
- National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjay Kalia
- Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India, New Delhi, India
| | - Parimalan Rangan
- National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - K. Pradheep
- National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Thrissur, India
| | - Govind Pratap Rao
- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Vikender Kaur
- National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Renu Pandey
- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Vandna Rai
- National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Sapna Langyan
- National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjula Sharma
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Punjab, India
| | - Boopathi Thangavel
- National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Anshuman Shah
- National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Abhishek Saxena
- National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Kuldeep Singh
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, India
| | - Kadambot H. M. Siddique
- The UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia (UWA), Perth, WA, Australia
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12
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Transcriptome Analysis on Key Metabolic Pathways in Rhodotorula mucilaginosa Under Pb(II) Stress. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0221521. [PMID: 35311507 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02215-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhodotorula mucilaginosa shows adaption to a broad range of Pb2+ stress. In this study, three key pathways, i.e., glycolysis (EMP), the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), were investigated under 0-2,500 mg · L-1 Pb stress, primarily based on biochemical analysis and RNA sequencing. R. mucilaginosa cells showed similar metabolic response to low/medium (500/1000 mg · L-1) Pb2+ stress. High (2,500 mg · L-1) Pb2+ stress exerted severe cytotoxicity to R. mucilaginosa. The downregulation of HK under low-medium Pb2+ suggested a correlation with the low hexokinase enzymatic activity in vivo. However, IDH3, regulating a key step of circulation in TCA, was upregulated to promote ATP feedstock for downstream OXPHOS. Then, through activation of complex I & IV in the electron transport chain (ETC) and ATP synthase, ATP production was finally enhanced. This mechanism enabled fungal cells to compensate for ATP consumption under low-medium Pb2+ toxicity. Hence, R. mucilaginosa tolerance to such a broad range of Pb2+ concentrations can be attributed to energy adaption. In contrast, high Pb2+ stress caused ATP deficiency. Then, the subsequent degradation of intracellular defense systems further intensified Pb toxicity. This study correlated responses of EMP, TCA, and OXPHOS pathways in R. mucilaginosa under Pb stress, hence providing new insights into the fungal resistance to heavy metal stress. IMPORTANCE Glycolysis (EMP), the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) are critical metabolism pathways for microorganisms to obtain energy during the resistance to heavy metal (HM) stress. However, these pathways at the genetic level have not been elucidated to evaluate their cytoprotective functions for Rhodotorula mucilaginosa under Pb stress. In this study, we investigated these three pathways based on biochemical analysis and RNA sequencing. Under low-medium (500-1,000 mg · L-1) Pb2+ stress, ATP production was stimulated mainly due to the upregulation of genes associated with the TCA cycle and the electron transport chain (ETC). Such an energy compensatory mechanism could allow R. mucilaginosa acclimation to a broad range of Pb2+ concentrations (up to 1000 mg · L-1). In contrast, high (2500 mg · L-1) Pb2+ stress exerted its excessive toxicity by provoking ATP deficiency and damage to intracellular resistance systems. This study provided new insights into R. mucilaginosa resistance to HM stress from the perspective of metabolism.
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Drought tolerance improvement in Solanum lycopersicum: an insight into "OMICS" approaches and genome editing. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:63. [PMID: 35186660 PMCID: PMC8825918 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03132-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) is an internationally acclaimed vegetable crop that is grown worldwide. However, drought stress is one of the most critical challenges for tomato production, and it is a crucial task for agricultural biotechnology to produce drought-resistant cultivars. Although breeders have done a lot of work on the tomato to boost quality and quantity of production and enhance resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, conventional tomato breeding approaches have been limited to improving drought tolerance because of the intricacy of drought traits. Many efforts have been made to better understand the mechanisms involved in adaptation and tolerance to drought stress in tomatoes throughout the years. "Omics" techniques, such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics in combination with modern sequencing technologies, have tremendously aided the discovery of drought-responsive genes. In addition, the availability of biotechnological tools, such as plant transformation and the recently developed genome editing system for tomatoes, has opened up wider opportunities for validating the function of drought-responsive genes and the generation of drought-tolerant varieties. This review highlighted the recent progresses for tomatoes improvement against drought stress through "omics" and "multi-omics" technologies including genetic engineering. We have also discussed the roles of non-coding RNAs and genome editing techniques for drought stress tolerance improvement in tomatoes.
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14
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Rawal R, Scheerens JC, Fenstemaker SM, Francis DM, Miller SA, Benitez MS. Novel Trichoderma Isolates Alleviate Water Deficit Stress in Susceptible Tomato Genotypes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:869090. [PMID: 35586213 PMCID: PMC9108677 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.869090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Symbiotic fungi in the genus Trichoderma can induce abiotic stress tolerance in crops. The beneficial effects of Trichoderma on water deficit stress are poorly understood and may be isolate-specific. Our objective was to evaluate a collection of Nepalese Trichoderma isolates and their efficacy to improve tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) growth under water deficit. Variable growth in low moisture environments was observed among Trichoderma isolates from Nepal, Ohio, and commercial sources using in vitro assays. The overall performance of the population decreased when cultured under conditions of decreasing matric water potential (0.0, -2.8, -4.8, and -8.5 Ψ). Twelve isolates were selected for evaluation for their potential to elicit drought tolerance in greenhouse-grown 'Roma Organic' tomatoes. Plants treated with T. asperelloides-NT33 had higher shoot weight than the non-inoculated control (T0) under water deficit stress conditions. Further, the stress-reducing efficacy of isolates T. asperelloides-NT33, T. asperellum-NT16, T. asperelloides-NT3, and commercial T. harzianum-T22 were tested on tomato genotypes with differing tolerance to drought ['Roma Organic,' 'Jaune Flamme,' and 'Punta Banda']. The water deficit susceptible genotypes 'Roma Organic' and 'Jaune Flamme' inoculated with isolate NT33 had significantly higher shoot weight (37 and 30% respectively; p < 0.05) compared to the non-inoculated control under water deficit stress conditions. In drought tolerant 'Punta Banda,' shoot weight was also significantly greater in NT33 inoculated plants under water deficit stress conditions, but with lower magnitude difference (8%; p < 0.05). Our results demonstrate differences in the ability of Trichoderma isolates to confer tolerance to water deficit in tomato with NT33 potentially relieving stress. Tomato genotypes also play a role in the outcome of interactions with the Trichoderma isolates we tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjana Rawal
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Joseph C. Scheerens
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Sean M. Fenstemaker
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - David M. Francis
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Sally A. Miller
- Department of Plant Pathology, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Maria-Soledad Benitez
- Department of Plant Pathology, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Maria-Soledad Benitez,
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15
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Exogenous Gibberellic Acid or Dilute Bee Honey Boosts Drought Stress Tolerance in Vicia faba by Rebalancing Osmoprotectants, Antioxidants, Nutrients, and Phytohormones. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10040748. [PMID: 33920494 PMCID: PMC8068922 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The use of growth regulators such as gibberellic acid (GA3) and biostimulants, including diluted bee honey (Db-H) can improve drought tolerance in many crops, including the faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Db-H contains high values of osmoprotectants, mineral nutrients, vitamins, and many antioxidants making it an effective growth regulator against environmental stress effects. Therefore, the present study was planned to investigate the potential improvement in the faba bean plant performance (growth and productivity) under full watering (100% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc)) and drought stress (60% of ETc) by foliar application of GA3 (20 mg L−1) or Db-H (20 g L−1). The ameliorative impacts of these growth regulators on growth, productivity, physio-biochemical attributes, nutrient status, antioxidant defense system, and phytohormones were evaluated. GA3 or Db-H attenuated the negative influences of drought stress on cell membrane stability, ion leakage, relative water content, nutrient status, leaf pigments related to photosynthesis (chlorophylls and carotenoids), and efficiency of the photosystem II (PSII in terms of Fv/Fm and performance index), thus improving faba bean growth, green pod yield, and water use efficiency. Drought stress caused an abnormal state of nutrients and photosynthetic machinery due to increased indicators of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide (O2•−)), associated with increased osmoprotectants (proline, glycine betaine, soluble sugars, and soluble protein), non-enzymatic antioxidants (ascorbic acid, glutathione, and α-tocopherol), and enzymatic antioxidant activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, and ascorbate peroxidase). However, foliar-applied GA3 or Db-H mediated further increases in osmoprotectants, antioxidant capacity, GA3, indole-3-acetic acid, and cytokinins, along with decreased levels of MDA and abscisic acid. These results suggest the use of GA3 or Db-H at the tested concentrations to mitigate drought-induced damage in bean plants to obtain satisfactory growth and productivity under a water deficit of up to 40%.
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16
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Li L, Dou N, Zhang H, Wu C. The versatile GABA in plants. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2021; 16:1862565. [PMID: 33404284 PMCID: PMC7889023 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1862565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a ubiquitous four-carbon, non-protein amino acid. GABA has been widely studied in animal central nervous systems, where it acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter. In plants, it is metabolized through the GABA shunt pathway, a bypass of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Additionally, it can be synthesized through the polyamine metabolic pathway. GABA acts as a signal in Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated plant gene transformation and in plant development, especially in pollen tube elongation (to enter the ovule), root growth, fruit ripening, and seed germination. It is accumulated during plant responses to environmental stresses and pathogen and insect attacks. A high concentration of GABA elevates plant stress tolerance by improving photosynthesis, inhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, activating antioxidant enzymes, and regulating stomatal opening in drought stress. The transporters of GABA in plants are reviewed in this work. We summarize the recent research on GABA function and transporters with the goal of providing a review of GABA in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
| | - Na Dou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
| | - Chunxia Wu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
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17
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Zhang J, Zhou T, Zhang C, Zheng W, Li J, Jiang W, Xiao C, Wei D, Yang C, Xu R, Gong A, Bi Y. Gibberellin disturbs the balance of endogenesis hormones and inhibits adventitious root development of Pseudostellaria heterophylla through regulating gene expression related to hormone synthesis. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:135-147. [PMID: 33424290 PMCID: PMC7783660 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The adventitious roots of some plants will develop into tuberous roots which are widely used in many traditional Chinese medicines, including Pseudostellaria heterophylla. If adventitious root development is inhibited, the yield of Chinese medicinal materials will be reduced. Gibberellic acid is an important phytohormone that promotes plant growth and increases the resistance to drought, flood or disease. However, the effects of gibberellic acid on adventitious roots of Pseudostellaria heterophylla are not clear. Here, we reports GA3 suppressed adventitious root development of Pseudostellaria heterophylla by disturbing the balance of endogenesis hormones. By detecting the contents of various endogenous hormones, we found that the development of adventitious roots negatively correlated with the content of CA3 in tuberous roots. Exogenous GA3 treatment decreased the diameter of adventitious roots, but increased the length of adventitious roots of Pseudostellaria heterophylla. In contrast, blocking the biosynthesis of GA3 suppressed stem growth and promoted the xylem of tuberous roots development. Moreover, exogenous GA3 treatment resulted in imbalance of endogenesis hormones by regulating their synthesis-related genes expression in xylem of tuberous roots. These results suggest GA3 broke the established distribution of hormones by regulating synthesis, transport and biological activation of hormones to activate the apical meristem and suppress lateral meristem. Regulating GA3 signaling during adventitious roots development would be one of the possible ways to increase the yield of P. heterophylla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqiang Zhang
- Guizhou University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Guizhou University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Guizhou University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Guizhou University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China.,Graduate School of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Jun Li
- Guizhou University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Weike Jiang
- Guizhou University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Chenghong Xiao
- Guizhou University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Dequn Wei
- Guizhou University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Changgui Yang
- Guizhou University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Rong Xu
- Guizhou University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Anhui Gong
- Guizhou University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yan Bi
- Guizhou University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
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18
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Patel MK, Kumar M, Li W, Luo Y, Burritt DJ, Alkan N, Tran LSP. Enhancing Salt Tolerance of Plants: From Metabolic Reprogramming to Exogenous Chemical Treatments and Molecular Approaches. Cells 2020; 9:E2492. [PMID: 33212751 PMCID: PMC7697626 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants grow on soils that not only provide support for root anchorage but also act as a reservoir of water and nutrients important for plant growth and development. However, environmental factors, such as high salinity, hinder the uptake of nutrients and water from the soil and reduce the quality and productivity of plants. Under high salinity, plants attempt to maintain cellular homeostasis through the production of numerous stress-associated endogenous metabolites that can help mitigate the stress. Both primary and secondary metabolites can significantly contribute to survival and the maintenance of growth and development of plants on saline soils. Existing studies have suggested that seed/plant-priming with exogenous metabolites is a promising approach to increase crop tolerance to salt stress without manipulation of the genome. Recent advancements have also been made in genetic engineering of various metabolic genes involved in regulation of plant responses and protection of the cells during salinity, which have therefore resulted in many more basic and applied studies in both model and crop plants. In this review, we discuss the recent findings of metabolic reprogramming, exogenous treatments with metabolites and genetic engineering of metabolic genes for the improvement of plant salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar Patel
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel;
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel;
| | - Weiqiang Li
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China;
- Joint International Laboratory for Multi-Omics Research, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Yin Luo
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China;
| | - David J. Burritt
- Department of Botany, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand;
| | - Noam Alkan
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel;
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
- Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
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19
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Illouz-Eliaz N, Nissan I, Nir I, Ramon U, Shohat H, Weiss D. Mutations in the tomato gibberellin receptors suppress xylem proliferation and reduce water loss under water-deficit conditions. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:3603-3612. [PMID: 32173726 PMCID: PMC7475260 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Low gibberellin (GA) activity in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) inhibits leaf expansion and reduces stomatal conductance. This leads to lower transpiration and improved water status under transient drought conditions. Tomato has three GIBBERELLIN-INSENSITIVE DWARF1 (GID1) GA receptors with overlapping activities and high redundancy. We tested whether mutation in a single GID1 reduces transpiration without affecting growth and productivity. CRISPR-Cas9 gid1 mutants were able to maintain higher leaf water content under water-deficit conditions. Moreover, while gid1a exhibited normal growth, it showed reduced whole-plant transpiration and better recovery from dehydration. Mutation in GID1a inhibited xylem vessel proliferation, which led to lower hydraulic conductance. In stronger GA mutants, we also found reduced xylem vessel expansion. These results suggest that low GA activity affects transpiration by multiple mechanisms: it reduces leaf area, promotes stomatal closure, and reduces xylem proliferation and expansion, and as a result, xylem hydraulic conductance. We further examined if gid1a performs better than the control M82 in the field. Under these conditions, the high redundancy of GID1s was lost and gid1a plants were semi-dwarf, but their productivity was not affected. Although gid1a did not perform better under drought conditions in the field, it exhibited a higher harvest index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natanella Illouz-Eliaz
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Idan Nissan
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ido Nir
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Uria Ramon
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hagai Shohat
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - David Weiss
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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20
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Silva GFF, Silva EM, Correa JPO, Vicente MH, Jiang N, Notini MM, Junior AC, De Jesus FA, Castilho P, Carrera E, López-Díaz I, Grotewold E, Peres LEP, Nogueira FTS. Tomato floral induction and flower development are orchestrated by the interplay between gibberellin and two unrelated microRNA-controlled modules. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 221:1328-1344. [PMID: 30238569 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Age-regulated microRNA156 (miR156) and targets similarly control the competence to flower in diverse species. By contrast, the diterpene hormone gibberellin (GA) and the microRNA319-regulated TEOSINTE BRANCHED/CYCLOIDEA/PCF (TCP) transcription factors promote flowering in the facultative long-day Arabidopsis thaliana, but suppress it in the day-neutral tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). We combined genetic and molecular studies and described a new interplay between GA and two unrelated miRNA-associated pathways that modulates tomato transition to flowering. Tomato PROCERA/DELLA activity is required to promote flowering along with the miR156-targeted SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING-LIKE (SPL/SBP) transcription factors by activating SINGLE FLOWER TRUSS (SFT) in the leaves and the MADS-Box gene APETALA1(AP1)/MC at the shoot apex. Conversely, miR319-targeted LANCEOLATE represses floral transition by increasing GA concentrations and inactivating SFT in the leaves and AP1/MC at the shoot apex. Importantly, the combination of high GA concentrations/responses with the loss of SPL/SPB function impaired canonical meristem maturation and flower initiation in tomato. Our results reveal a cooperative regulation of tomato floral induction and flower development, integrating age cues (miR156 module) with GA responses and miR319-controlled pathways. Importantly, this study contributes to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the effects of GA in controlling flowering time in a day-neutral species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldo F F Silva
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Plant Development, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz' (ESALQ), University of Sao Paulo, 13418-900, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eder M Silva
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Plant Development, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz' (ESALQ), University of Sao Paulo, 13418-900, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joao P O Correa
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Plant Development, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz' (ESALQ), University of Sao Paulo, 13418-900, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mateus H Vicente
- Laboratory of Hormonal Control of Plant Development, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz' (ESALQ), University of Sao Paulo (USP), 13418-900, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Marcela M Notini
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Plant Development, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz' (ESALQ), University of Sao Paulo, 13418-900, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Airton C Junior
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Plant Development, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz' (ESALQ), University of Sao Paulo, 13418-900, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Frederico A De Jesus
- Laboratory of Hormonal Control of Plant Development, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz' (ESALQ), University of Sao Paulo (USP), 13418-900, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pollyanna Castilho
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Plant Development, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz' (ESALQ), University of Sao Paulo, 13418-900, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Esther Carrera
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ingeniero Fausto Elío s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel López-Díaz
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ingeniero Fausto Elío s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Erich Grotewold
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Lazaro E P Peres
- Laboratory of Hormonal Control of Plant Development, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz' (ESALQ), University of Sao Paulo (USP), 13418-900, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio T S Nogueira
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Plant Development, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz' (ESALQ), University of Sao Paulo, 13418-900, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Application of paclobutrazol affect maize grain yield by regulating root morphological and physiological characteristics under a semi-arid region. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4818. [PMID: 29556086 PMCID: PMC5859269 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23166-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of paclobutrazol on ear characteristics and grain yield by regulating root growth and root-bleeding sap of maize crop. Seed-soaking at rate of 0 (CK1), 200 (S1), 300 (S2), and 400 (S3) mg L−1, and seed-dressing at rate of 0 (CK2), 1.5 (D1), 2.5 (D2), and 3.5 (D3) g kg−1 were used. Our results showed that paclobutrazol improved the ear characteristics and grain yield, and were consistently higher than control during 2015–2016. The average grain yield of S1, S2 and S3 were 18.9%, 61.3%, and 45.9% higher, while for D1, D2 and D3 were 20.2%, 33.3%, and 45.2%, compared to CK, respectively. Moreover, paclobutrazol-treated maize had improved root-length density (RLD), root-surface area density (RSD) and root-weight density (RWD) at most of the soil profiles (0–70 cm for seed-soaking, 0–60 cm for seed-dressing) and was attributed to enhancing the grain yield. In addition, root-activity, root-bleeding sap, root dry weight, diameter and root/shoot ratio increased by paclobutrazol, with highest values achieved in S2 and D3 treatments, across the whole growth stages in 2015–2016. Our results suggested that paclobutrazol could efficiently be used to enhance root-physiological and morphological characteristics, resulting in higher grain yield.
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22
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Effect of Paclobutrazol Application on Plant Photosynthetic Performance and Leaf Greenness of Herbaceous Peony. HORTICULTURAE 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae4010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Paclobutrazol (PBZ) has been associated with effects on the photosynthetic capacity of plants. PBZ affects the growth and development of plants in general. However, little is known about the effects of PBZ on photosynthetic performance and related anatomical features of herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) leaves. In the present study, PBZ application resulted in a significant reduction in peony plant height. Furthermore, PBZ application significantly increased photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr) and water use efficiency (WUE), but significantly decreased intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) at some stages from the bolting stage to the bud stage of the plants, compared to controls. Moreover, PBZ application increased the maximum quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm), coefficient of photochemical quenching (qP) and intrinsic PSII efficiency (ΦPSII), but decreased the coefficient of non-photochemical quenching (qN) and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). Leaves treated with PBZ had a heavy aggregation of chloroplasts close to the cell wall, with distinct grana lamellae, more and bigger starch grains (on average for a chloroplast), and fewer plastoglobuli, as compared to the control. PBZ increased chlorophyll content (SPAD) and the number of chloroplasts in individual cells in the foliar ultrastructure. PBZ-treated leaves had a darker green color with decreased luminosity (L*) and increased hue angle (h°). The results indicated that plants treated with PBZ were superior in terms of increased photosynthetic characteristics when compared with untreated controls. The direct cause of the increase in Pn and leaf greenness of PBZ-treated P. lactiflora may be the increase in chlorophyll content.
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23
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Egea I, Albaladejo I, Meco V, Morales B, Sevilla A, Bolarin MC, Flores FB. The drought-tolerant Solanum pennellii regulates leaf water loss and induces genes involved in amino acid and ethylene/jasmonate metabolism under dehydration. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2791. [PMID: 29434236 PMCID: PMC5809557 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21187-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Breeding for drought-tolerant crops is a pressing issue due to the increasing frequency and duration of droughts caused by climate change. Although important sources of variation for drought tolerance exist in wild relatives, the mechanisms and the key genes controlling tolerance in tomato are little known. The aim of this study is to determine the drought response of the tomato wild relative Solanum pennellii (Sp) compared with the cultivated tomato Solanum lycopersicum (Sl). The paper investigates the physiological and molecular responses in leaves of Sp and Sl plants without stress and moderate drought stress. Significant physiological differences between species were found, with Sp leaves showing greater ability to avoid water loss and oxidative damage. Leaf transcriptomic analysis carried out when leaves did not as yet show visual dehydration symptoms revealed important constitutive expression differences between Sp and Sl species. Genes linked to different physiological and metabolic processes were induced by drought in Sp, especially those involved in N assimilation, GOGAT/GS cycle and GABA-shunt. Up-regulation in Sp of genes linked to JA/ET biosynthesis and signaling pathways was also observed. In sum, genes involved in the amino acid metabolism together with genes linked to ET/JA seem to be key actors in the drought tolerance of the wild tomato species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Egea
- Department of stress biology and plant pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100, Espinardo-Murcia, Spain
| | - Irene Albaladejo
- Department of stress biology and plant pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100, Espinardo-Murcia, Spain
| | - Victoriano Meco
- Department of stress biology and plant pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100, Espinardo-Murcia, Spain.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea, University of Malaga-CSIC, 29071, Malaga, Spain
| | - Belén Morales
- Department of stress biology and plant pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100, Espinardo-Murcia, Spain
| | - Angel Sevilla
- Inbionova Biotech S.L., Edif. CEEIM.University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Espinardo-Murcia, Spain
| | - Maria C Bolarin
- Department of stress biology and plant pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100, Espinardo-Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco B Flores
- Department of stress biology and plant pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100, Espinardo-Murcia, Spain.
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24
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Yooyongwech S, Samphumphuang T, Tisarum R, Theerawitaya C, Cha-um S. Water-Deficit Tolerance in Sweet Potato [ Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] by Foliar Application of Paclobutrazol: Role of Soluble Sugar and Free Proline. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1400. [PMID: 28848596 PMCID: PMC5550687 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to elevate water deficit tolerance by improving soluble sugar and free proline accumulation, photosynthetic pigment stabilization, photosynthetic abilities, growth performance and storage root yield in sweet potato cv. 'Tainung 57' using a foliar application of paclobutrazol (PBZ). The experiment followed a Completely Randomized Block Design with four concentrations of PBZ: 0 (control), 17, 34, and 51 μM before exposure to 47.5% (well irrigation), 32.3% (mild water deficit) or 17.5% (severe water deficit) soil water content. A sweet potato cultivar, 'Japanese Yellow', with water deficit tolerance attributes was the positive check in this study. Total soluble sugar content (sucrose, glucose, and fructose) increased by 3.96-folds in 'Tainung 57' plants treated with 34 μM PBZ grown under 32.3% soil water content (SWC) compared to the untreated plants, adjusting osmotic potential in the leaves and controlling stomatal closure (represented by stomatal conductance and transpiration rate). In addition, under the same treatment, free proline content (2.15 μmol g-1 FW) increased by 3.84-folds when exposed to 17.5% SWC. PBZ had an improved effect on leaf size, vine length, photosynthetic pigment stability, chlorophyll fluorescence, and net photosynthetic rate; hence, delaying wilting symptoms and maintaining storage root yield (26.93 g plant-1) at the harvesting stage. A positive relationship between photon yield of PSII (ΦPSII) and net photosynthetic rate was demonstrated (r2 = 0.73). The study concludes that soluble sugar and free proline enrichment in PBZ-pretreated plants may play a critical role as major osmoprotectant to control leaf osmotic potential and stomatal closure when plants were subjected to low soil water content, therefore, maintaining the physiological and morphological characters as well as storage root yield.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thapanee Samphumphuang
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA)Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Rujira Tisarum
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA)Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Cattarin Theerawitaya
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA)Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Suriyan Cha-um
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA)Pathum Thani, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Suriyan Cha-um,
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