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Farajollahi A, Baharvand M. Advancements in photoacoustic imaging for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Int J Pharm 2024:124736. [PMID: 39326479 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 09/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging provides in vivo morphological and functional information about tumors within surrounding tissue. By integrating ultrasound guidance, this technique enables precise localization and characterization of tumors. Moreover, the introduction of targeted contrast agents has further expanded the capabilities of photoacoustic imaging in the realm of in vivo molecular imaging. These contrast agents facilitate enhanced molecular and cellular characterization of cancer, enabling detailed insights into the disease. This review aims to provide a concise summary of the extensive research conducted in the field of Photoacoustic imaging for cancer management. It encompasses the development of the technology, its applications in clinical settings, and the advancements made in molecular imaging. By consolidating and synthesizing the existing knowledge, this review contributes to a better understanding of the potential of photoacoustic imaging in cancer care. In conclusion, photoacoustic imaging has emerged as a non-ionizing and noninvasive modality with the ability to visualize tissue's optical absorption properties while maintaining ultrasound's spatial resolution. Its integration with targeted contrast agents has enhanced molecular and cellular characterization of cancer. This review serves as a succinct overview of the extensive research conducted in the field, shedding light on the potential of photoacoustic imaging in the management of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Baharvand
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Zhang S, Miao J, Li LS. Challenges and advances in two-dimensional photoacoustic computed tomography: a review. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2024; 29:070901. [PMID: 39006312 PMCID: PMC11245175 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.29.7.070901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Significance Photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT), a hybrid imaging modality combining optical excitation with acoustic detection, has rapidly emerged as a prominent biomedical imaging technique. Aim We review the challenges and advances of PACT, including (1) limited view, (2) anisotropy resolution, (3) spatial aliasing, (4) acoustic heterogeneity (speed of sound mismatch), and (5) fluence correction of spectral unmixing. Approach We performed a comprehensive literature review to summarize the key challenges in PACT toward practical applications and discuss various solutions. Results There is a wide range of contributions from both industry and academic spaces. Various approaches, including emerging deep learning methods, are proposed to improve the performance of PACT further. Conclusions We outline contemporary technologies aimed at tackling the challenges in PACT applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunyao Zhang
- Rice University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Jingyi Miao
- Rice University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Lei S. Li
- Rice University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Houston, Texas, United States
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3
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Shimojo Y, Nishimura T, Tsuruta D, Ozawa T, Chan HHL, Kono T. Wavelength-dependent threshold fluences for melanosome disruption to evaluate the treatment of pigmented lesions with 532-, 730-, 755-, 785-, and 1064-nm picosecond lasers. Lasers Surg Med 2024; 56:404-418. [PMID: 38436524 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES A threshold fluence for melanosome disruption has the potential to provide a robust numerical indicator for establishing clinical endpoints for pigmented lesion treatment using a picosecond laser. Although the thresholds for a 755-nm picosecond laser were previously reported, the wavelength dependence has not been investigated. In this study, wavelength-dependent threshold fluences for melanosome disruption were determined. Using a mathematical model based on the thresholds, irradiation parameters for 532-, 730-, 755-, 785-, and 1064-nm picosecond laser treatments were evaluated quantitatively. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS A suspension of melanosomes extracted from porcine eyes was irradiated using picosecond lasers with varying fluence. The mean particle size of the irradiated melanosomes was measured by dynamic light scattering, and their disruption was observed by scanning electron microscopy to determine the disruption thresholds. A mathematical model was developed, combined with the threshold obtained and Monte Carlo light transport to calculate irradiation parameters required to disrupt melanosomes within the skin tissue. RESULTS The threshold fluences were determined to be 0.95, 2.25, 2.75, and 6.50 J/cm² for 532-, 730-, 785-, and 1064-nm picosecond lasers, respectively. The numerical results quantitatively revealed the relationship between irradiation wavelength, incident fluence, and spot size required to disrupt melanosomes distributed at different depths in the skin tissue. The calculated irradiation parameters were consistent with clinical parameters that showed high efficacy with a low incidence of complications. CONCLUSION The wavelength-dependent thresholds for melanosome disruption were determined. The results of the evaluation of irradiation parameters from the threshold-based analysis provided numerical indicators for setting the clinical endpoints for 532-, 730-, 755-, 785-, and 1064-nm picosecond lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shimojo
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Daisuke Tsuruta
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ozawa
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Henry Hin Lee Chan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Taro Kono
- Department of Plastic Surgery, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
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Fakhoury JW, Lara JB, Manwar R, Zafar M, Xu Q, Engel R, Tsoukas MM, Daveluy S, Mehregan D, Avanaki K. Photoacoustic imaging for cutaneous melanoma assessment: a comprehensive review. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2024; 29:S11518. [PMID: 38223680 PMCID: PMC10785699 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.29.s1.s11518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Significance Cutaneous melanoma (CM) has a high morbidity and mortality rate, but it can be cured if the primary lesion is detected and treated at an early stage. Imaging techniques such as photoacoustic (PA) imaging (PAI) have been studied and implemented to aid in the detection and diagnosis of CM. Aim Provide an overview of different PAI systems and applications for the study of CM, including the determination of tumor depth/thickness, cancer-related angiogenesis, metastases to lymph nodes, circulating tumor cells (CTCs), virtual histology, and studies using exogenous contrast agents. Approach A systematic review and classification of different PAI configurations was conducted based on their specific applications for melanoma detection. This review encompasses animal and preclinical studies, offering insights into the future potential of PAI in melanoma diagnosis in the clinic. Results PAI holds great clinical potential as a noninvasive technique for melanoma detection and disease management. PA microscopy has predominantly been used to image and study angiogenesis surrounding tumors and provide information on tumor characteristics. Additionally, PA tomography, with its increased penetration depth, has demonstrated its ability to assess melanoma thickness. Both modalities have shown promise in detecting metastases to lymph nodes and CTCs, and an all-optical implementation has been developed to perform virtual histology analyses. Animal and human studies have successfully shown the capability of PAI to detect, visualize, classify, and stage CM. Conclusions PAI is a promising technique for assessing the status of the skin without a surgical procedure. The capability of the modality to image microvasculature, visualize tumor boundaries, detect metastases in lymph nodes, perform fast and label-free histology, and identify CTCs could aid in the early diagnosis and classification of CM, including determination of metastatic status. In addition, it could be useful for monitoring treatment efficacy noninvasively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W. Fakhoury
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Juliana Benavides Lara
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Richard and Loan Hill Department of Bioengineering, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Rayyan Manwar
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Richard and Loan Hill Department of Bioengineering, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Mohsin Zafar
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Richard and Loan Hill Department of Bioengineering, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Qiuyun Xu
- Wayne State University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Ricardo Engel
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Maria M. Tsoukas
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Dermatology, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Steven Daveluy
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Darius Mehregan
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Kamran Avanaki
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Richard and Loan Hill Department of Bioengineering, Chicago, Illinois, United States
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Dermatology, Chicago, Illinois, United States
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5
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Hirasawa T, Tachi K, Ishikawa T, Miyashita M, Ito K, Ishihara M. Photoacoustic microscopy for real-time monitoring of near-infrared optical absorbers inside biological tissue. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2024; 29:S11527. [PMID: 38464883 PMCID: PMC10924425 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.29.s1.s11527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Significance We developed a high-speed optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM) system using a high-repetition-rate supercontinuum (SC) light source and a two-axes Galvano scanner. The OR-PAM system enabled real-time imaging of optical absorbers inside biological tissues with excellent excitation wavelength tunability. Aim In the near-infrared (NIR) wavelength range, high-speed OR-PAM faces limitations due to the lack of wavelength-tunable light sources. Our study aimed to enable high-speed OR-PAM imaging of various optical absorbers, including NIR contrast agents, and validate the performance of high-speed OR-PAM in the detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Approach A high-repetition nanosecond pulsed SC light source was used for OR-PAM. The excitation wavelength was adjusted by bandpass filtering of broadband light pulses produced by an SC light source. Phantom and in vivo experiments were performed to detect tumor cells stained with an NIR contrast agent within flowing blood samples. Results The newly developed high-speed OR-PAM successfully detected stained cells both in the phantom and in vivo. The phantom experiment confirmed the correlation between the tumor cell detection rate and tumor cell concentration in the blood sample. Conclusions The high-speed OR-PAM effectively detected stained tumor cells. Combining high-speed OR-PAM with molecular probes that stain tumor cells in vivo enables in vivo CTC detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Hirasawa
- National Defense Medical College, Department of Medical Engineering, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Tachi
- National Defense Medical College, Department of Medical Engineering, Tokorozawa, Japan
- National Defense Medical College, Department of Urology, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Ishikawa
- National Defense Medical College, Department of Medical Engineering, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Manami Miyashita
- National Defense Medical College, Department of Medical Engineering, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Keiichi Ito
- National Defense Medical College, Department of Urology, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Miya Ishihara
- National Defense Medical College, Department of Medical Engineering, Tokorozawa, Japan
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Pang K, Dong S, Zhu Y, Zhu X, Zhou Q, Gu B, Jin W, Zhang R, Fu Y, Yu B, Sun D, Duanmu Z, Wei X. Advanced flow cytometry for biomedical applications. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023; 16:e202300135. [PMID: 37263969 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Flow cytometry (FC) is a versatile tool with excellent capabilities to detect and measure multiple characteristics of a population of cells or particles. Notable advancements in in vivo photoacoustic FC, coherent Raman FC, microfluidic FC, and so on, have been achieved in the last two decades, which endows FC with new functions and expands its applications in basic research and clinical practice. Advanced FC broadens the tools available to researchers to conduct research involving cancer detection, microbiology (COVID-19, HIV, bacteria, etc.), and nucleic acid analysis. This review presents an overall picture of advanced flow cytometers and provides not only a clear understanding of their mechanisms but also new insights into their practical applications. We identify the latest trends in this area and aim to raise awareness of advanced techniques of FC. We hope this review expands the applications of FC and accelerates its clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Pang
- School of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering of Beijing Information Science & Technology University, Beijing, China
| | - Sihan Dong
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxi Zhu
- School of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering of Beijing Information Science & Technology University, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Zhu
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Quanyu Zhou
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bobo Gu
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Jin
- International Cancer Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yuting Fu
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Bingchen Yu
- School of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering of Beijing Information Science & Technology University, Beijing, China
| | - Da Sun
- School of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering of Beijing Information Science & Technology University, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Duanmu
- School of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering of Beijing Information Science & Technology University, Beijing, China
| | - Xunbin Wei
- International Cancer Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Veverka M, Menozzi L, Yao J. The sound of blood: photoacoustic imaging in blood analysis. MEDICINE IN NOVEL TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES 2023; 18:100219. [PMID: 37538444 PMCID: PMC10399298 DOI: 10.1016/j.medntd.2023.100219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood analysis is a ubiquitous and critical aspect of modern medicine. Analyzing blood samples requires invasive techniques, various testing systems, and samples are limited to relatively small volumes. Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is a novel imaging modality that utilizes non-ionizing energy that shows promise as an alternative to current methods. This paper seeks to review current applications of PAI in blood analysis for clinical use. Furthermore, we discuss obstacles to implementation and future directions to overcome these challenges. Firstly, we discuss three applications to cellular analysis of blood: sickle cell, bacteria, and circulating tumor cell detection. We then discuss applications to the analysis of blood plasma, including glucose detection and anticoagulation quantification. As such, we hope this article will serve as inspiration for PAI's potential application in blood analysis and prompt further studies to ultimately implement PAI into clinical practice.
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8
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Cho SW, Phan TTV, Nguyen VT, Park SM, Lee H, Oh J, Kim CS. Efficient label-free in vivo photoacoustic imaging of melanoma cells using a condensed NIR-I spectral window. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2023; 29:100456. [PMID: 36785577 PMCID: PMC9918423 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2023.100456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we propose an efficient label-free in vivo photoacoustic (PA) imaging of melanoma using a condensed near infrared-I (NIR-I) supercontinuum light source. Although NIR-II spectral window is advantageous such as longer penetration depth compared to the NIR-I region, supercontinuum light sources emitting both NIR-I and NIR-II region could lower the efficiency to target melanoma because of low optical power density in the melanoma's absorption spectra. To exploit efficient in vivo PA imaging of melanoma, we demonstrated the light source emitting from visible (532-600 nm) to NIR-I (600-1000 nm) by optimizing stimulated Raman scattering induced supercontinuum generation. The melanoma's structure is successfully differentiated from blood vessels at a high pulse energy of 2.5 µJ and a flexible pulse repetition rate (PRR) of 5-50 kHz. The proposed light source with the microjoules energies and tens of kHz of PRR can potentially accelerate clinical trials such as early diagnosis of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon-Woo Cho
- Engineering Research Center for Color-modulated Extra-sensory Perception Technology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, the Republic of Korea
| | - Thi Tuong Vy Phan
- Center for Advanced Chemistry, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Danang 550000, Viet Nam
- Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, Danang 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Van Tu Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Sang Min Park
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, the Republic of Korea
| | - Hwidon Lee
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts MA 02115, USA
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Junghwan Oh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, the Republic of Korea
- Ohlabs Corporation, Busan 48513, the Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Seok Kim
- Engineering Research Center for Color-modulated Extra-sensory Perception Technology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, the Republic of Korea
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, the Republic of Korea
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Railean V, Buszewski B. Flow Cytometry - Sophisticated Tool for Basic Research or/and Routine Diagnosis; Impact of the Complementarity in Both Pre- as Well as Clinical Studies. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022:1-23. [PMID: 36576036 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2154596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Flow cytometry is a sophisticated technology used widely in both basic research and as a routine tool in clinical diagnosis. The technology has progressed from single parameter detection in the 1970s and 1980s to high end multicolor analysis, with currently 30 parameters detected simultaneously, allowing the identification and purification of rare subpopulations of cells of interest. Flow cytometry continues to evolve and expand to facilitate the investigation of new diagnostic and therapeutic avenues. The present review gives an overview of basic theory and instrumentation, presents and compares the advantages and disadvantages of conventional, spectral and imaging flow cytometry as well as mass cytometry. Current methodologies and applications in both research, pre- and clinical settings are discussed, as well as potential limitations and future evolution. This finding encourages the reader to promote such relationship between basic science, diagnosis and multidisciplinary approach since the standard methods have limitations (e.g., in differentiating the cells after staining). Moreover, such path inspires future cytometry specialists develop new/alternative frontiers between pre- and clinical diagnosis and be more flexible in designing the study for both human as well as veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viorica Railean
- Department of Infectious, Invasive Diseases and Veterinary Administration, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Toruń, Poland
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
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10
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Song W, Dong Y, Shan Y, Yang F, Min C, Yuan X. Ultrasensitive broadband photoacoustic microscopy based on common-path interferometric surface plasmon resonance sensing. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2022; 28:100419. [PMID: 36339639 PMCID: PMC9634362 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2022.100419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast and sensitive response of surface plasmon polaritons to the ultrasonically-modulated changes in refractive index of the water allows photoacoustic impulses to be measured using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors. However, the sensing modalities always suffer from either low sensitivity or instable signal output, possibly precluding imaging recovery. By exploiting that pressure transients can substantially produce phase shift in p-polarized optical reflection but have no impact on s-polarized component in SPR sensing, we develop a common-path interferometric SPR sensor for photoacoustic measurement, in which time-varying light interference between photoacoustically-perturbed p-polarized beam and its orthogonal s-polarized component of a single interrogation laser is monitored. Such configuration retains optimum photoacoustic measurement with concurrent very stable signal output, high sensitivity (noise-equivalent-pressure sensitivity of ∼95.6 Pa), and broad bandwidth (∼173 MHz). Volumetric microvascular imaging from mouse ear in vivo is obtained, suggesting that the novel sensing approach potentially advances biomedical photoacoustic applications.
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Du Z, Li Y, Chen B, Wang L, Hu Y, Wang X, Zhang W, Yang X. Label-free detection and enumeration of rare circulating tumor cells by bright-field image cytometry and multi-frame image correlation analysis. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:3390-3401. [PMID: 35708469 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00190j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Identification and enumeration of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in peripheral blood are proved to correlate with the progress of metastatic cancer and can provide valuable information for diagnosis and monitoring of cancer. Here, we introduce a bright-field image cytometry (BFIC) technique, assisted by a multi-frame image correlation (MFIC) algorithm, as a label-free approach for tumor cell detection in peripheral blood. For this method, images of flowing cells in a wide channel were continuously recorded and cell types were determined simultaneously using a deep neural network of YOLO-V4 with an average precision (AP) of 98.63%, 99.04%, and 98.95% for cancer cell lines HT29, A549, and KYSE30, respectively. The use of the wide microfluidic channel (400 μm width) allowed for a high throughput of 50 000 cells per min without clogging. Then erroneous or missed cell classifications caused by imaging angle differences or accidental misinterpretations in single frames were corrected by the multi-frame correlation analysis. This further improved the AP to 99.40%, 99.52%, and 99.47% for HT29, A549, and KYSE30, respectively. Meanwhile, cell counting was also accomplished in this dynamic process. Moreover, our imaging cytometry method can readily detect as few as 10 tumor cells from 100 000 white blood cells and was unaffected by the EMT process. Furthermore, CTCs from 8 advanced-stage cancer clinical samples were also successfully detected, while none for 6 healthy control subjects. Although this method is implemented for CTCs, it can also be used for the detection of other rare cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqiang Du
- School of Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Ya Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Lulu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yu Hu
- School of Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Wenchang Zhang
- Key Lab of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Xiaonan Yang
- School of Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
- Key Lab of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China.
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12
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Pace J, Ivich F, Marple E, Niedre M. Near-infrared diffuse in vivo flow cytometry. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2022; 27:JBO-220101GR. [PMID: 36114606 PMCID: PMC9478904 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.27.9.097002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Significance Diffuse in vivo flow cytometry (DiFC) is an emerging technique for enumerating rare fluorescently labeled circulating cells noninvasively in the bloodstream. Thus far, we have reported red and blue-green versions of DiFC. Use of near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent light would in principle allow use of DiFC in deeper tissues and would be compatible with emerging NIR fluorescence molecular contrast agents. Aim We describe the design of a NIR-DiFC instrument and demonstrate its use in optical flow phantoms in vitro and in mice in vivo. Approach We developed an improved optical fiber probe design for efficient collection of fluorescence from individual circulating cells and efficient rejection of instrument autofluorescence. We built a NIR-DiFC instrument. We tested this with NIR fluorescent microspheres and cell lines labeled with OTL38 fluorescence contrast agent in a flow phantom model. We also tested NIR-DiFC in nude mice injected intravenously with OTL38-labeled L1210A cells. Results NIR-DiFC allowed detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in flow phantoms with mean signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of 19 to 32 dB. In mice, fluorescently labeled CTCs were detectable with mean SNR of 26 dB. NIR-DiFC also exhibited orders significantly lower autofluorescence and false-alarm rates than blue-green DiFC. Conclusions NIR-DiFC allows use of emerging NIR contrast agents. Our work could pave the way for future use of NIR-DiFC in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Pace
- Northeastern University, Department of Bioengineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Fernando Ivich
- Northeastern University, Department of Bioengineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Eric Marple
- EmVision LLC, Loxahatchee, Florida, United States
| | - Mark Niedre
- Northeastern University, Department of Bioengineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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13
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Souto EB, da Ana R, Vieira V, Fangueiro JF, Dias-Ferreira J, Cano A, Zielińska A, Silva AM, Staszewski R, Karczewski J. Non-melanoma skin cancers: physio-pathology and role of lipid delivery systems in new chemotherapeutic treatments. Neoplasia 2022; 30:100810. [PMID: 35649306 PMCID: PMC9160356 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2022.100810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Non-melanoma carcinoma has high incidence rates and has two most common subtypes: basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. This type of carcinoma is usually not fatal; however, it can destroy sensory organs such as the nose, ears, and lips. The treatment of these injuries using non-invasive methods is thus strongly recommended. Some treatments for non-melanoma carcinoma are already well defined, such as surgery, cryosurgery, curettage and electrode section, and radiotherapy; however, these conventional treatments cause inflammation and scarring. In the non-surgical treatment of non-melanoma carcinoma, the topical administration of chemotherapeutic drugs contributes for an effective treatment with reduced side effects. However, the penetration of anticancer drugs in the deeper layers of the skin is required. Lipid delivery systems (liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers) have been developed to overcome epidermal barrier of the skin and to allow the drugs to reach tumor cells. These lipid nanoparticles contribute to control the release profile of the loaded chemotherapeutic drugs, maintaining their stability and increasing death of tumor cells. In this review, the characteristics of non-melanoma carcinoma will be discussed, describing the main existing treatments, together with the contribution of lipid delivery systems as an innovative approach to increase the effectiveness of topical therapies for non-melanoma carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana B Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; REQUIMTE/UCIBIO, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Raquel da Ana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vânia Vieira
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, Rua Carlos da Maia, 296, 4200-150, Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana F Fangueiro
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, Rua Carlos da Maia, 296, 4200-150, Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Dias-Ferreira
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Amanda Cano
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aleksandra Zielińska
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 32, 60-479 Poznań, Poland
| | - Amélia M Silva
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, P-5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, P-5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Rafał Staszewski
- Department of Hypertension Angiology and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland
| | - Jacek Karczewski
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland; Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, H. Swiecicki University Hospital, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland.
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14
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Hirasawa T, Tachi K, Miyashita M, Okawa S, Kushibiki T, Ishihara M. Spectroscopic photoacoustic microscopic imaging during single spatial scan using broadband excitation light pulses with wavelength-dependent time delay. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2022; 26:100364. [PMID: 35574189 PMCID: PMC9096666 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2022.100364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In most multispectral optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM), spatial scanning is repeated for each excitation wavelength, which decreases throughput and causes motion artifacts during spectral processing. This study proposes a new spectroscopic OR-PAM technique to acquire information on the photoacoustic signal intensity and excitation wavelength from single spatial scans. The technique involves irradiating an imaging target with two broadband optical pulses with and without wavelength-dependent time delays. The excitation wavelength of the sample is then calculated by measuring the time delay between the photoacoustic signals generated by the two optical pulses. This technique is validated by measuring the excitation wavelengths of dyes in tubes. Furthermore, we demonstrate the three-dimensional spectroscopic OR-PAM of cells stained with suitable dyes. Although the tradeoff between excitation efficiency and excitation bandwidth must be adjusted based on the application, combining the proposed technique with fast spatial scanning methods can significantly contribute to recent OR-PAM applications, such as monitoring quick biological events and microscale tracking of moving materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Hirasawa
- Department of Medical Engineering, National Defense Medical College, 3–2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359–8513, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Tachi
- Department of Medical Engineering, National Defense Medical College, 3–2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359–8513, Japan
- Department of Urology, National Defense Medical College, 3–2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359–8513, Japan
| | - Manami Miyashita
- Department of Medical Engineering, National Defense Medical College, 3–2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359–8513, Japan
| | - Shinpei Okawa
- Department of Medical Engineering, National Defense Medical College, 3–2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359–8513, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kushibiki
- Department of Medical Engineering, National Defense Medical College, 3–2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359–8513, Japan
| | - Miya Ishihara
- Department of Medical Engineering, National Defense Medical College, 3–2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359–8513, Japan
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15
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Hybrid confocal fluorescence and photoacoustic microscopy for the label-free investigation of melanin accumulation in fish scales. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7173. [PMID: 35504968 PMCID: PMC9065085 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11262-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lower vertebrates, including fish, can rapidly alter skin lightness through changes in melanin concentration and melanosomes’ mobility according to various factors, which include background color, light intensity, ambient temperature, social context, husbandry practices and acute or chronic stressful stimuli. Within this framework, the determination of skin chromaticity parameters in fish species is estimated either in specific areas using colorimeters or at the whole animal level using image processing and analysis software. Nevertheless, the accurate quantification of melanin content or melanophore coverage in fish skin is quite challenging as a result of the laborious chemical analysis and the typical application of simple optical imaging methods, requiring also to euthanize the fish in order to obtain large skin samples for relevant investigations. Here we present the application of a novel hybrid confocal fluorescence and photoacoustic microscopy prototype for the label-free imaging and quantification of melanin in fish scales samples with high spatial resolution, sensitivity and detection specificity. The hybrid images are automatically processed through optimized algorithms, aiming at the accurate and rapid extraction of various melanin accumulation indices in large datasets (i.e., total melanin content, melanophores’ area, density and coverage) corresponding to different fish species and groups. Furthermore, convolutional neural network-based algorithms have been trained using the recorded data towards the classification of different scales’ samples with high accuracy. In this context, we demonstrate that the proposed methodology may increase substantially the precision, as well as, simplify and expedite the relevant procedures for the quantification of melanin content in marine organisms.
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16
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Lin L, Wang LV. The emerging role of photoacoustic imaging in clinical oncology. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2022; 19:365-384. [PMID: 35322236 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-022-00615-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Clinical oncology can benefit substantially from imaging technologies that reveal physiological characteristics with multiscale observations. Complementing conventional imaging modalities, photoacoustic imaging (PAI) offers rapid imaging (for example, cross-sectional imaging in real time or whole-breast scanning in 10-15 s), scalably high levels of spatial resolution, safe operation and adaptable configurations. Most importantly, this novel imaging modality provides informative optical contrast that reveals details on anatomical, functional, molecular and histological features. In this Review, we describe the current state of development of PAI and the emerging roles of this technology in cancer screening, diagnosis and therapy. We comment on the performance of cutting-edge photoacoustic platforms, and discuss their clinical applications and utility in various clinical studies. Notably, the clinical translation of PAI is accelerating in the areas of macroscopic and mesoscopic imaging for patients with breast or skin cancers, as well as in microscopic imaging for histopathology. We also highlight the potential of future developments in technological capabilities and their clinical implications, which we anticipate will lead to PAI becoming a desirable and widely used imaging modality in oncological research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lin
- Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Lihong V Wang
- Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA. .,Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
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17
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Sun A, Li T, Jin T, Li Y, Li K, Song C, Xi L. Acoustic Standing Wave Aided Multiparametric Photoacoustic Imaging Flow Cytometry. Anal Chem 2021; 93:14820-14827. [PMID: 34714062 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging reveals great potential for the study of individual cells due to the rich imaging contrast for both label-free and labeled cells. However, previously reported photoacoustic imaging flow cytometry configuration suffers from inadequate imaging quality and challenge to distinguish multiple cells. In order to solve such issues, we propose a novel acoustic standing wave aided multiparametric photoacoustic imaging flow cytometry (MPAFC) system. The acoustic standing wave is introduced to improve the imaging quality and speed. Multispectral illumination along with cell geometry, photoacoustic amplitude, and acoustic frequency spectrum enables the proposed system to precisely identify multiple types of cells with one scanning. On the basis of the identification, elimination of melanoma cells, and targeted labeled glioma cells have been performed with an elimination efficiency of >95%. Additionally, the MPAFC system is able to image and capture melanoma cells at a lowest concentration of 100 cells mL-1 in pure blood. Current results suggest that the proposed MPAFC may provide a precise and efficient tool for cell detection, manipulation, and elimination in both fundamental and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihui Sun
- Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Tian Jin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yaxi Li
- Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Chaolong Song
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Electronic Information, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Lei Xi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
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18
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Tachi K, Hirasawa T, Okawa S, Horiguchi A, Ito K, Ishihara M. Chromatic-aberration-free multispectral optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy using reflective optics and a supercontinuum light source. APPLIED OPTICS 2021; 60:9651-9658. [PMID: 34807146 DOI: 10.1364/ao.434817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A supercontinuum (SC) light source enables multispectral photoacoustic imaging at excitation wavelengths in the visible-to-near-infrared range. However, for such a broad optical wavelength range, chromatic aberration is non-negligible. We developed a multispectral optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (MS-OR-PAM) setup with a nanosecond pulsed SC light source and a reflective objective lens to avoid chromatic aberration. Chromatic aberrations generated by reflective and conventional objective lenses were compared, and the images acquired using the reflective objective were not affected by chromatic aberration. Hence, MS-OR-PAM with the reflective objective was used to distinguish red blood cells from melanoma cells via spectral subtraction processing.
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19
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Li D, Humayun L, Vienneau E, Vu T, Yao J. Seeing through the Skin: Photoacoustic Tomography of Skin Vasculature and Beyond. JID INNOVATIONS 2021; 1:100039. [PMID: 34909735 PMCID: PMC8659408 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2021.100039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin diseases are the most common human diseases and manifest in distinct structural and functional changes to skin tissue components such as basal cells, vasculature, and pigmentation. Although biopsy is the standard practice for skin disease diagnosis, it is not sufficient to provide in vivo status of the skin and highly depends on the timing of diagnosis. Noninvasive imaging technologies that can provide structural and functional tissue information in real time would be invaluable for skin disease diagnosis and treatment evaluation. Among the modern medical imaging technologies, photoacoustic (PA) tomography (PAT) shows great promise as an emerging optical imaging modality with high spatial resolution, high imaging speed, deep penetration depth, rich contrast, and inherent sensitivity to functional and molecular information. Over the last decade, PAT has undergone an explosion in technical development and biomedical applications. Particularly, PAT has attracted increasing attention in skin disease diagnosis, providing structural, functional, metabolic, molecular, and histological information. In this concise review, we introduce the principles and imaging capability of various PA skin imaging technologies. We highlight the representative applications in the past decade with a focus on imaging skin vasculature and melanoma. We also envision the critical technical developments necessary to further accelerate the translation of PAT technologies to fundamental skin research and clinical impacts.
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Key Words
- ACD, allergy contact dermatitis
- AR-PAM, acoustic-resolution photoacoustic microscopy
- CSC, cryogen spray cooling
- CSVV, cutaneous small-vessel vasculitis
- CTC, circulating tumor cell
- FDA, Food and Drug Administration
- NIR, near-infrared
- OR-PAM, optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy
- PA, photoacoustic
- PACT, photoacoustic computed tomography
- PAM, photoacoustic microscopy
- PAT, photoacoustic tomography
- PWS, port-wine stain
- RSOM, raster-scan optoacoustic mesoscopy
- THb, total hemoglobin concentration
- sO2, oxygen saturation of hemoglobin
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiwei Li
- Photoacoustic Imaging Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lucas Humayun
- Photoacoustic Imaging Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Emelina Vienneau
- Photoacoustic Imaging Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Tri Vu
- Photoacoustic Imaging Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Junjie Yao
- Photoacoustic Imaging Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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20
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Yang X, Chen YH, Xia F, Sawan M. Photoacoustic imaging for monitoring of stroke diseases: A review. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2021; 23:100287. [PMID: 34401324 PMCID: PMC8353507 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2021.100287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is the leading cause of death and disability after ischemic heart disease. However, there is lacking a non-invasive long-time monitoring technique for stroke diagnosis and therapy. The photoacoustic imaging approach reconstructs images of an object based on the energy excitation by optical absorption and its conversion to acoustic waves, due to corresponding thermoelastic expansion, which has optical resolution and acoustic propagation. This emerging functional imaging method is a non-invasive technique. Due to its precision, this method is particularly attractive for stroke monitoring purpose. In this paper, we review the achievements of this technology and its applications on stroke, as well as the development status in both animal and human applications. Also, various photoacoustic systems and multi-modality photoacoustic imaging are introduced as for potential clinical applications. Finally, the challenges of photoacoustic imaging for monitoring stroke are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yang
- Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang, China
- CenBRAIN Lab., School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yun-Hsuan Chen
- CenBRAIN Lab., School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fen Xia
- Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang, China
- CenBRAIN Lab., School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mohamad Sawan
- CenBRAIN Lab., School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang, China
- Corresponding author at: CenBRAIN Lab., School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang, China.
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21
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Patil RA, Srinivasarao M, Amiji MM, Low PS, Niedre M. Fluorescence Labeling of Circulating Tumor Cells with a Folate Receptor-Targeted Molecular Probe for Diffuse In Vivo Flow Cytometry. Mol Imaging Biol 2021; 22:1280-1289. [PMID: 32519245 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-020-01505-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We recently developed a new instrument called "diffuse in vivo flow cytometry" (DiFC) for enumeration of rare fluorescently labeled circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in small animals without drawing blood samples. Until now, we have used cell lines that express fluorescent proteins or were pre-labeled with a fluorescent dye ex vivo. In this work, we investigated the use of a folate receptor (FR)-targeted fluorescence molecular probe for in vivo labeling of FR+ CTCs for DiFC. PROCEDURES We used EC-17, a FITC-folic acid conjugate that has been used in clinical trials for fluorescence-guided surgery. We studied the affinity of EC-17 for FR+ L1210A and KB cancer cells. We also tested FR- MM.1S cells. We tested the labeling specificity in cells in culture in vitro and in whole blood. We also studied the detectability of labeled cells in mice in vivo with DiFC. RESULTS EC-17 showed a high affinity for FR+ L1210A and KB cells in vitro. In whole blood, 85.4 % of L1210A and 80.9 % of KB cells were labeled above non-specific background with EC-17, and negligible binding to FR- MM.1S cells was observed. In addition, EC-17-labeled CTCs were readily detectable in circulation in mice with DiFC. CONCLUSIONS This work demonstrates the feasibility of labeling CTCs with a cell-surface receptor-targeted probe for DiFC, greatly expanding the potential utility of the method for pre-clinical animal models. Because DiFC uses diffuse light, this method could be also used to enumerate CTCs in larger animal models and potentially even in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshani A Patil
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | - Mansoor M Amiji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Philip S Low
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA
| | - Mark Niedre
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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22
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Abstract
Photoacoustic tomography (PAT) that integrates the molecular contrast of optical imaging with the high spatial resolution of ultrasound imaging in deep tissue has widespread applications in basic biological science, preclinical research, and clinical trials. Recently, tremendous progress has been made in PAT regarding technical innovations, preclinical applications, and clinical translations. Here, we selectively review the recent progresses and advances in PAT, including the development of advanced PAT systems for small-animal and human imaging, newly engineered optical probes for molecular imaging, broad-spectrum PAT for label-free imaging of biological tissues, high-throughput snapshot photoacoustic topography, and integration of machine learning for image reconstruction and processing. We envision that PAT will have further technical developments and more impactful applications in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Mail Code 138-78, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Lihong V. Wang
- Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Mail Code 138-78, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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23
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Chen Q, Qin W, Qi W, Xi L. Progress of clinical translation of handheld and semi-handheld photoacoustic imaging. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2021; 22:100264. [PMID: 33868921 PMCID: PMC8040335 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2021.100264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging (PAI), featuring rich contrast, high spatial/temporal resolution and deep penetration, is one of the fastest-growing biomedical imaging technology over the last decade. To date, numbers of handheld and semi-handheld photoacoustic imaging devices have been reported with corresponding potential clinical applications. Here, we summarize emerged handheld and semi-handheld systems in terms of photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT), optoacoustic mesoscopy (OAMes), and photoacoustic microscopy (PAM). We will discuss each modality in three aspects: laser delivery, scanning protocol, and acoustic detection. Besides new technical developments, we also review the associated clinical studies, and the advantages/disadvantages of these new techniques. In the end, we propose the challenges and perspectives of miniaturized PAI in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Wei Qin
- School of Physics, University of Electronics Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Weizhi Qi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Lei Xi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
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24
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Jin T, Zhang C, Liu F, Chen X, Liang G, Ren F, Liang S, Song C, Shi J, Qiu W, Jiang X, Li K, Xi L. On-Chip Multicolor Photoacoustic Imaging Flow Cytometry. Anal Chem 2021; 93:8134-8142. [PMID: 34048649 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c05218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
On-chip imaging flow cytometry has been widely used in cancer biology, immunology, microbiology, and drug discovery. Pure optical imaging combined with flow cytometry to derive chemical, structural, and morphological features of cells provides systematic insights into biological processes. However, due to the high concentration and strong optical attenuation of red blood cells, preprocessing is necessary for optical flow cytometry while dealing with whole blood. In this study, we develop an on-chip photoacoustic imaging flow cytometry (PAIFC), which combines multicolor high-speed photoacoustic microscopy and microfluidics for cell imaging. The device employs a micro-optical scanner to achieve a miniaturized outer size of 30 × 17 × 24 mm3 and ultrafast cross-sectional imaging at a frame rate of 1758 Hz and provides lateral and axial resolutions of 2.2 and 33 μm, respectively. Using a multicolor strategy, PAIFC is able to differentiate cells labeled by external contrast agents, detect melanoma cells with an endogenous contrast in whole blood, and image melanoma cells in blood samples from tumor-bearing mice. The results suggest that PAIFC has sufficient sensitivity and specificity for future cell-on-chip applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Jin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Xingxing Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Guangru Liang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Fei Ren
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Suzi Liang
- Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Chaolong Song
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Electronic Information, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Jianbing Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Weibao Qiu
- Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Lei Xi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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25
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Pedri D, Karras P, Landeloos E, Marine JC, Rambow F. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal-like transition events in melanoma. FEBS J 2021; 289:1352-1368. [PMID: 33999497 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process through which epithelial tumor cells acquire mesenchymal phenotypic properties, contributes to both metastatic dissemination and therapy resistance in cancer. Accumulating evidence indicates that nonepithelial tumors, including melanoma, can also gain mesenchymal-like properties that increase their metastatic propensity and decrease their sensitivity to therapy. In this review, we discuss recent findings, illustrating the striking similarities-but also knowledge gaps-between the biology of mesenchymal-like state(s) in melanoma and mesenchymal state(s) from epithelial cancers. Based on this comparative analysis, we suggest hypothesis-driven experimental approaches to further deepen our understanding of the EMT-like process in melanoma and how such investigations may pave the way towards the identification of clinically relevant biomarkers for prognosis and new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Pedri
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Membrane Trafficking, Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Panagiotis Karras
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ewout Landeloos
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jean-Christophe Marine
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Florian Rambow
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Belgium
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Deán-Ben XL, Razansky D. Optoacoustic imaging of the skin. Exp Dermatol 2021; 30:1598-1609. [PMID: 33987867 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Optoacoustic (OA, photoacoustic) imaging capitalizes on the synergistic combination of light excitation and ultrasound detection to empower biological and clinical investigations with rich optical contrast while effectively bridging the gap between micro and macroscopic imaging realms. State-of-the-art OA embodiments consistently provide images at micron-scale resolution through superficial tissue layers by means of focused illumination that can be smoothly exchanged for acoustic-resolution images at diffuse light depths of several millimetres to centimetres via ultrasound beamforming or tomographic reconstruction. Taken together, this unique multi-scale imaging capacity opens unprecedented capabilities for high-resolution in vivo interrogations of the skin at scalable depths. Moreover, diverse anatomical and functional information is retrieved via dynamic mapping of endogenous chromophores such as haemoglobin, melanin, lipids, collagen, water and others. This, along with the use of non-ionizing radiation, facilitates a clinical translation of the OA modalities. We review recent progress in OA imaging of the skin in preclinical and clinical studies exploiting the rich contrast provided by endogenous substances in tissues. The imaging capabilities of existing approaches are discussed in the context of initial translational studies on skin cancer, inflammatory skin diseases, wounds and other conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xosé Luís Deán-Ben
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Razansky
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Yang JM, Ghim CM. Photoacoustic Tomography Opening New Paradigms in Biomedical Imaging. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1310:239-341. [PMID: 33834440 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-33-6064-8_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
After the emergence of the ultrasound, X-ray CT, PET, and MRI, photoacoustic tomography (PAT) is now in the phase of its exponential growth, with its expected full maturation being another form of mainstream clinical imaging modality. By combining the high contrast benefit of optical imaging and the high-resolution deep imaging capability of ultrasound, PAT can provide unprecedented anatomical image contrasts at clinically relevant depths as well as enable the use of a variety of functional and molecular imaging information, which is not possible with conventional imaging modalities. With these strengths, PAT has achieved numerous breakthroughs in various biomedical applications and also provided new technical platforms that may be able to resolve unmet issues in clinics. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the development of PAT technology for several major biomedical applications and provide an approximate projection of the future of PAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon-Mo Yang
- Center for Photoacoustic Medical Instruments, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Cheol-Min Ghim
- Department of Physics, School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
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von Knorring T, Mogensen M. Photoacoustic tomography for assessment and quantification of cutaneous and metastatic malignant melanoma - A systematic review. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 33:102095. [PMID: 33188938 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photoacoustic tomography (PAT) is an emerging noninvasive imaging technique combining high sensitivity optical absorption contrast, such as melanin, with high-resolution ultrasound for deep tissue imaging. The ability of PAT to provide real-time images of skin structures at depth has been studied for diagnosis of primary and metastatic malignant melanoma (MM). OBJECTIVE To provide an overview of the rapidly expanding clinical use of PAT for determination of melanoma thickness and architecture, visualization of metastases in lymph nodes and detection of circulating melanoma cells. METHODS Medline, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library were searched for papers using PAT to assess cutaneous malignant melanoma and melanoma metastases in humans or human specimens. RESULTS The research resulted in 14 articles which met the search criteria. CONCLUSIONS Results from current studies suggest that PAT is a promising tool for assessing both primary and metastatic malignant melanoma in the clinic. The potential of PAT to noninvasively visualize tumour boundaries, as well as assist in the evaluation of metastatic status, could facilitate more effective treatment, resulting in better clearance and reducing the need for additional biopsies. However, larger and methodologically sound studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terese von Knorring
- Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, Copenhagen, 2400, NV, Denmark.
| | - Mette Mogensen
- Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, Copenhagen, 2400, NV, Denmark
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In Vivo Lymphatic Circulating Tumor Cells and Progression of Metastatic Disease. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102866. [PMID: 33028044 PMCID: PMC7650582 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Deadly metastases occur when tumor cells are shed from primary tumor into lymph and blood that circulate in distinct networks of vessels and disseminate circulating tumor cells (CTCs) through the body. Therefore, detection of CTCs at potentially treatable early disease stage might improve patient survival. However, most efforts have been made to test CTCs in blood only. Here, we explored the clinically relevant photoacoustic and fluorescent flow cytometry for early in vivo detection of lymphatic CTCs using metastatic melanoma and breast cancer mouse models. We demonstrated the presence of detectable lymphatic CTCs at pre-metastatic disease, estimated correlation between CTCs, primary tumor, and metastasis, and observed parallel CTC dissemination by blood and lymph. Our findings suggest the use of lymphatic CTC testing in vivo as a new indicator of metastasis initiation, and combined assessment of two body fluids as a more promising diagnostic platform compared to existing mono-detection of blood CTCs. Abstract The dissemination of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) by lymph fluid is one of the key events in the development of tumor metastasis. However, little progress has been made in studying lymphatic CTCs (L-CTCs). Here, we demonstrate the detection of L-CTCs in preclinical mouse models of melanoma and breast cancer using in vivo high-sensitivity photoacoustic and fluorescent flow cytometry. We discovered that L-CTCs are be detected in pre-metastatic disease stage. The smallest primary tumor that shed L-CTCs was measured as 0.094mm×0.094mm, its volume was calculated as 0.0004 mm3; and its productivity was estimated as 1 L-CTC per 30 minutes. As the disease progressed, primary tumors continued releasing L-CTCs with certain individual dynamics. The integrated assessment of lymph and blood underlined the parallel dissemination of CTCs at all disease stages. However, the analysis of links between L-CTC counts, blood CTC (B-CTC) counts, primary tumor size and metastasis did not reveal statistically significant correlations, likely due to L-CTC heterogeneity. Altogether, our results showed the feasibility of our diagnostic platform using photoacoustic flow cytometry for preclinical L-CTC research with translational potential. Our findings also demonstrated new insights into lymphatic system involvement in CTC dissemination. They help to lay the scientific foundation for the consideration of L-CTCs as prognostic markers of metastasis and to emphasize the integrative assessment of lymph and blood.
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Chen R, He Y, Shi J, Yung C, Hwang J, Wang LV, Zhou Q. Transparent High-Frequency Ultrasonic Transducer for Photoacoustic Microscopy Application. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2020; 67:1848-1853. [PMID: 32286968 PMCID: PMC7484980 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2020.2985369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We report the development of an optically transparent high-frequency ultrasonic transducer using lithium niobate single-crystal and indium-tin-oxide electrodes with up to 90% optical transmission in the visible-to-near-infrared spectrum. The center frequency of the transducer was at 36.9 MHz with 33.9%, at -6 dB fractional bandwidth. The photoacoustic imaging capability of the fabricated transducer was also demonstrated by successfully imaging a resolution target and mouse-ear vasculatures in vivo, which were irradiated by a 532 nm pulse laser transmitted through the transducer.
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Edgar RH, Tarhini A, Sander C, Sanders ME, Cook JL, Viator JA. Predicting Metastasis in Melanoma by Enumerating Circulating Tumor Cells Using Photoacoustic Flow Cytometry. Lasers Surg Med 2020; 53:578-586. [PMID: 32557708 PMCID: PMC7746591 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Enumerating circulating tumor cells has been used as a method of monitoring progression of various cancers. Various methods for detecting circulating melanoma cells (CMCs) have been reported, but none has had sufficient sensitivity to determine if the presence of rare CMCs in the blood of Stage I–III melanoma patients predicts if those patients eventually develop metastatic disease. Study Design We quantified CMCs in serial blood samples from 38 early stage melanoma patients to determine if CMC numbers predict development of metastatic melanoma. CMCs were enumerated using a photoacoustic flow cytometric detection system that uses a laser to induce high frequency acoustic signals in pigmented CMCs. Results We observed that detection of greater than 2 CMCs/ml of blood from patients with Stage I–III melanoma predicts metastatic disease. Of the 11 patients we studied who had two or fewer CMCs detected at all time points tested, none progressed to metastatic disease over a mean follow‐up of 1288 days. In contrast, 18 of the 27 patients (67%) having more than 2 CMCs/ml at one or more time points progressed to metastatic disease over a mean follow‐up of 850 days. Conclusions Photoacoustic flow cytometry can detect rare CMCs in the blood of Stage I–III melanoma patients and detectionof these cells is predictive of subsequent development of metastatic disease. Lasers Surg. Med.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Edgar
- Department of Engineering, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15282.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, 300 Technology Dr, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213
| | - Ahmad Tarhini
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, 33612
| | - Cindy Sander
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 5115 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15232
| | - Martin E Sanders
- Acousys Biodevices Inc., 1777 Highland Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48108
| | - Justin L Cook
- Department of Engineering, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15282
| | - John A Viator
- Department of Engineering, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15282.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, 300 Technology Dr, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213.,Acousys Biodevices Inc., 1777 Highland Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48108
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He Y, Shi J, Maslov KI, Cao R, Wang LV. Wave of single-impulse-stimulated fast initial dip in single vessels of mouse brains imaged by high-speed functional photoacoustic microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2020; 25:1-11. [PMID: 32529816 PMCID: PMC7289453 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.25.6.066501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The initial dip in hemoglobin-oxygenation response to stimulations is a spatially confined endogenous indicator that is faster than the blood flow response, making it a desired label-free contrast to map the neural activity. A fundamental question is whether a single-impulse stimulus, much shorter than the response delay, could produce an observable initial dip without repeated stimulation. AIM To answer this question, we report high-speed functional photoacoustic (PA) microscopy to investigate the initial dip in mouse brains. APPROACH We developed a Raman-laser-based dual-wavelength functional PA microscope that can image capillary-level blood oxygenation at a 1-MHz one-dimensional imaging rate. This technology was applied to monitor the hemodynamics of mouse cerebral vasculature after applying an impulse stimulus to the forepaw. RESULTS We observed a transient initial dip in cerebral microvessels starting as early as 0.13 s after the onset of the stimulus. The initial dip and the subsequent overshoot manifested a wave pattern propagating across different microvascular compartments. CONCLUSIONS We quantified both spatially and temporally the single-impulse-stimulated microvascular hemodynamics in mouse brains at single-vessel resolution. Fast label-free imaging of single-impulse response holds promise for real-time brain-computer interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun He
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- California Institute of Technology, Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Pasadena, California, United States
| | - Junhui Shi
- California Institute of Technology, Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Pasadena, California, United States
| | - Konstantin I. Maslov
- California Institute of Technology, Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Pasadena, California, United States
| | - Rui Cao
- California Institute of Technology, Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Pasadena, California, United States
| | - Lihong V. Wang
- California Institute of Technology, Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Pasadena, California, United States
- California Institute of Technology, Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Pasadena, California, United States
- Address all correspondence to Lihong V. Wang, E-mail:
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Baik JW, Kim JY, Cho S, Choi S, Kim J, Kim C. Super Wide-Field Photoacoustic Microscopy of Animals and Humans In Vivo. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2020; 39:975-984. [PMID: 31484110 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2019.2938518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic-resolution photoacoustic micro-scopy (AR-PAM) is an emerging biomedical imaging modality that combines superior optical sensitivity and fine ultrasonic resolution in an optical quasi-diffusive regime (~1-3 mm in tissues). AR-PAM has been explored for anatomical, functional, and molecular information in biological tissues. Heretofore, AR-PAM systems have suffered from a limited field-of-view (FOV) and/or slow imaging speed, which have precluded them from routine preclinical and clinical applications. Here, we demonstrate an advanced AR-PAM system that overcomes both limitations of previous AR-PAM systems. The new AR-PAM system demonstrates a super wide-field scanning that utilized a 1-axis water-proofing microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) scanner integrated with two linear stepper motor stages. We achieved an extended FOV of 36 ×80 mm2 by mosaicking multiple volumetric images of 36 ×2.5 mm2 with a total acquisition time of 224 seconds. For one volumetric data (i.e., 36 ×2.5 mm2), the B-scan imaging speed over the short axis (i.e., 2.5 mm) was 83 Hz in humans. The 3D volumetric image was also provided by using MEMS mirror scanning along the X-axis and stepper-motor scanning along the Y-axis. The super-wide FOV mosaic image was realized by registering and merging all individual volumetric images. Finally, we obtained multi-plane whole-body in-vivo PA images of small animals, illustrating distinct multi-layered structures including microvascular networks and internal organs. Importantly, we also visualized microvascular networks in human fingers, palm, and forearm successfully. This advanced MEMS-AR-PAM system could potentially enable hitherto not possible wide preclinical and clinical applications.
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Bartosik PB, Fitzgerald JE, El Khatib M, Yaseen MA, Vinogradov SA, Niedre M. Prospects for the Use of Upconverting Nanoparticles as a Contrast Agent for Enumeration of Circulating Cells in vivo. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:1709-1719. [PMID: 32210561 PMCID: PMC7074808 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s243157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We recently developed a new fluorescence-based technique called "diffuse in vivo flow cytometry" (DiFC) for enumerating rare circulating tumor cells (CTCs) directly in the bloodstream. Non-specific tissue autofluorescence is a persistent problem, as it creates a background which may obscure signals from weakly-labeled CTCs. Here we investigated the use of upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) as a contrast agent for DiFC, which in principle could significantly reduce the autofluorescence background and allow more sensitive detection of rare CTCs. METHODS We built a new UCNP-compatible DiFC instrument (U-DiFC), which uses a 980 nm laser and detects upconverted luminescence in the 520, 545 and 660 nm emission bands. We used NaYF4:Yb,Er UCNPs and several covalent and non-covalent surface modification strategies to improve their biocompatibility and cell uptake. We tested U-DiFC with multiple myeloma (MM) and Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells in tissue-mimicking optical flow phantoms and in nude mice. RESULTS U-DiFC significantly reduced the background autofluorescence signals and motion artifacts from breathing in mice. Upconverted luminescence from NaYF4:Yb,Er microparticles (UμNP) and cells co-incubated with UCNPs were readily detectable with U-DiFC in phantoms, and from UCNPs in circulation in mice. However, we were unable to achieve reliable labeling of CTCs with UCNPs. Our data suggest that most (or all) of the measured U-DIFC signal in vitro and in vivo likely arose from unbound UCNPs or due to the uptake by non-CTC blood cells. CONCLUSION UCNPs have a number of properties that make them attractive contrast agents for high-sensitivity detection of CTCs in the bloodstream with U-DiFC and other intravital imaging methods. More work is needed to achieve reliable and specific labeling of CTCs with UCNPs and verify long-term retention and viability of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter B Bartosik
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Mirna El Khatib
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine and Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mohammad A Yaseen
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Sergei A Vinogradov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine and Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mark Niedre
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
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Hai P, Qu Y, Li Y, Zhu L, Shmuylovich L, Cornelius LA, Wang LV. Label-free high-throughput photoacoustic tomography of suspected circulating melanoma tumor cells in patients in vivo. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2020; 25:1-17. [PMID: 32170857 PMCID: PMC7069252 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.25.3.036002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Detection and characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), a key determinant of metastasis, are critical for determining risk of disease progression, understanding metastatic pathways, and facilitating early clinical intervention. AIM We aim to demonstrate label-free imaging of suspected melanoma CTCs. APPROACH We use a linear-array-based photoacoustic tomography system (LA-PAT) to detect melanoma CTCs, quantify their contrast-to-noise ratios (CNRs), and measure their flow velocities in most of the superficial veins in humans. RESULTS With LA-PAT, we successfully imaged suspected melanoma CTCs in patients in vivo, with a CNR >9. CTCs were detected in 3 of 16 patients with stage III or IV melanoma. Among the three CTC-positive patients, two had disease progression; among the 13 CTC-negative patients, 4 showed disease progression. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that LA-PAT can detect suspected melanoma CTCs in patients in vivo and has potential clinical applications for disease monitoring in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Hai
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- California Institute of Technology, Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Pasadena, California, United States
| | - Yuan Qu
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Yang Li
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- California Institute of Technology, Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Pasadena, California, United States
| | - Liren Zhu
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- California Institute of Technology, Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Pasadena, California, United States
| | - Leonid Shmuylovich
- Washington University School of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Lynn A. Cornelius
- Washington University School of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- Address all correspondence to Lynn A. Cornelius, E-mail: ; Lihong V. Wang, E-mail:
| | - Lihong V. Wang
- California Institute of Technology, Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Pasadena, California, United States
- California Institute of Technology, Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Pasadena, California, United States
- Address all correspondence to Lynn A. Cornelius, E-mail: ; Lihong V. Wang, E-mail:
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Steenbergen W, Zharov VP. Towards Reaching the Total Blood Volume by in vivo Flow Cytometry and Theranostics. Cytometry A 2019; 95:1223-1225. [PMID: 31670875 PMCID: PMC6972999 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wiendelt Steenbergen
- Biomedical Photonic Imaging, Techmed Center, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, 7500 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Vladimir P Zharov
- Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72205.,Laboratory of Biomedical Photoacoustics, Saratov State University, Saratov, 410012, Russia
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Soda N, Rehm BHA, Sonar P, Nguyen NT, Shiddiky MJA. Advanced liquid biopsy technologies for circulating biomarker detection. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:6670-6704. [PMID: 31646316 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb01490j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy is a new diagnostic concept that provides important information for monitoring and identifying tumor genomes in body fluid samples. Detection of tumor origin biomolecules like circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor specific nucleic acids (circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating tumor RNA (ctRNA), microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lnRNAs)), exosomes, autoantibodies in blood, saliva, stool, urine, etc. enables cancer screening, early stage diagnosis and evaluation of therapy response through minimally invasive means. From reliance on painful and hazardous tissue biopsies or imaging depending on sophisticated equipment, cancer management schemes are witnessing a rapid evolution towards minimally invasive yet highly sensitive liquid biopsy-based tools. Clinical application of liquid biopsy is already paving the way for precision theranostics and personalized medicine. This is achieved especially by enabling repeated sampling, which in turn provides a more comprehensive molecular profile of tumors. On the other hand, integration with novel miniaturized platforms, engineered nanomaterials, as well as electrochemical detection has led to the development of low-cost and simple platforms suited for point-of-care applications. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of the biogenesis, significance and potential role of four widely known biomarkers (CTCs, ctDNA, miRNA and exosomes) in cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. Furthermore, we provide a detailed discussion of the inherent biological and technical challenges associated with currently available methods and the possible pathways to overcome these challenges. The recent advances in the application of a wide range of nanomaterials in detecting these biomarkers are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narshone Soda
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, QLD 4111, Australia. and Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Bernd H A Rehm
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers (CCFB), Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (GRIDD), Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Prashant Sonar
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Molecular Design and Synthesis, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Muhammad J A Shiddiky
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, QLD 4111, Australia. and Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, QLD 4111, Australia
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Patil R, Tan X, Bartosik P, Detappe A, Runnels JM, Ghobrial I, Lin CP, Niedre M. Fluorescence monitoring of rare circulating tumor cell and cluster dissemination in a multiple myeloma xenograft model in vivo. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2019; 24:1-11. [PMID: 31456386 PMCID: PMC6983486 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.8.085004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are of great interest in cancer research because of their crucial role in hematogenous metastasis. We recently developed “diffuse in vivo flow cytometry” (DiFC), a preclinical research tool for enumerating extremely rare fluorescently labeled CTCs directly in vivo. In this work, we developed a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-compatible version of DiFC and used it to noninvasively monitor tumor cell numbers in circulation in a multiple myeloma (MM) disseminated xenograft mouse model. We show that DiFC allowed enumeration of CTCs in individual mice overtime during MM growth, with sensitivity below 1 CTC mL − 1 of peripheral blood. DiFC also revealed the presence of CTC clusters (CTCCs) in circulation to our knowledge for the first time in this model and allowed us to calculate CTCC size, frequency, and kinetics of shedding. We anticipate that the unique capabilities of DiFC will have many uses in preclinical study of metastasis, in particular, with a large number of GFP-expressing xenograft and transgenic mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshani Patil
- Northeastern University, Department of Bioengineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Xuefei Tan
- Northeastern University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Peter Bartosik
- Northeastern University, Department of Bioengineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Alexandre Detappe
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Department of Medical Oncology, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Judith M. Runnels
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Irene Ghobrial
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Department of Medical Oncology, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Charles P. Lin
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Mark Niedre
- Northeastern University, Department of Bioengineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Northeastern University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Address all correspondence to Mark Niedre, E-mail:
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Suo Y, Gu Z, Wei X. Advances of In Vivo Flow Cytometry on Cancer Studies. Cytometry A 2019; 97:15-23. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhen Suo
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation CenterPeking University Beijing China
- School of Life SciencesPeking University Beijing China
| | - Zhenqin Gu
- Department of Urology, Xinhua HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Xunbin Wei
- Med‐X Research Institute and School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
- School of PhysicsFoshan University Foshan 52800 China
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Worrede A, Meucci O, Fatatis A. Limiting tumor seeding as a therapeutic approach for metastatic disease. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 199:117-128. [PMID: 30877019 PMCID: PMC6571062 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Here we propose that therapeutic targeting of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), which are widely understood to be the seeds of metastasis, would represent an effective strategy towards limiting numerical expansion of secondary lesions and containing overall tumor burden in cancer patients. However, the molecular mediators of tumor seeding have not been well characterized. This is in part due to the limited number of pre-clinical in vivo approaches that appropriately interrogate the mechanisms by which cancer cells home to arresting organs. It is critical that we continue to investigate the mediators of tumor seeding as it is evident that the ability of CTCs to colonize in distant sites is what drives disease progression even after the primary tumor has been ablated by local modalities. In addition to slowing disease progression, containing metastatic spread by impeding tumor cell seeding may also provide a clinical benefit by increasing the duration of the residence of CTCs in systemic circulation thereby increasing their exposure to pharmacological agents commonly used in the treatment of patients such as chemotherapy and immunotherapies. In this review we will examine the current state of knowledge about the mechanisms of tumor cells seeding as well as explore how targeting this stage of metastatic spreading may provide therapeutic benefit to patients with advanced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asurayya Worrede
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15(th) Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Olimpia Meucci
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15(th) Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alessandro Fatatis
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15(th) Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Program in Prostate Cancer, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Steinberg I, Huland DM, Vermesh O, Frostig HE, Tummers WS, Gambhir SS. Photoacoustic clinical imaging. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2019; 14:77-98. [PMID: 31293884 PMCID: PMC6595011 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic is an emerging biomedical imaging modality, which allows imaging optical absorbers in the tissue by acoustic detectors (light in - sound out). Such a technique has an immense potential for clinical translation since it allows high resolution, sufficient imaging depth, with diverse endogenous and exogenous contrast, and is free from ionizing radiation. In recent years, tremendous developments in both the instrumentation and imaging agents have been achieved. These opened avenues for clinical imaging of various sites allowed applications such as brain functional imaging, breast cancer screening, diagnosis of psoriasis and skin lesions, biopsy and surgery guidance, the guidance of tumor therapies at the reproductive and urological systems, as well as imaging tumor metastases at the sentinel lymph nodes. Here we survey the various clinical and pre-clinical literature and discuss the potential applications and hurdles that still need to be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idan Steinberg
- Department of Radiology, At Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, At Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - David M. Huland
- Department of Radiology, At Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, At Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Ophir Vermesh
- Department of Radiology, At Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, At Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Hadas E. Frostig
- Department of Radiology, At Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, At Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Willemieke S. Tummers
- Department of Radiology, At Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, At Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Sanjiv S. Gambhir
- Department of Radiology, At Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, At Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, At Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, At Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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Pons T, Bouccara S, Loriette V, Lequeux N, Pezet S, Fragola A. In Vivo Imaging of Single Tumor Cells in Fast-Flowing Bloodstream Using Near-Infrared Quantum Dots and Time-Gated Imaging. ACS NANO 2019; 13:3125-3131. [PMID: 30835434 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b08463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Whereas in vivo fluorescence imaging of cells immobilized within tissues provides a valuable tool to a broad range of biological studies, it still lacks the sensitivity required to visualize isolated cells circulating fast in the bloodstream due, in particular, to the autofluorescence from endogenous fluorophores. Time-gated imaging of near-infrared emitting ZnCuInSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) with fluorescence lifetimes in the range of 150-300 ns enables the efficient rejection of fast autofluorescence photons and the selection of QD fluorescence photons, thus significantly increasing sensitivity. We labeled model erythrocytes as well as lymphoma cells using these QDs coated with a stable zwitterionic polymer surface chemistry. After reinjection in the bloodstream, we were able to image and count individual QD-labeled cells circulating at mm·s-1 velocities in blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Pons
- Laboratoire de Physique et Etude des Matériaux , ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Université , 10, rue Vauquelin , 75005 Paris , France
| | - Sophie Bouccara
- Laboratoire de Physique et Etude des Matériaux , ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Université , 10, rue Vauquelin , 75005 Paris , France
| | - Vincent Loriette
- Laboratoire de Physique et Etude des Matériaux , ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Université , 10, rue Vauquelin , 75005 Paris , France
| | - Nicolas Lequeux
- Laboratoire de Physique et Etude des Matériaux , ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Université , 10, rue Vauquelin , 75005 Paris , France
| | - Sophie Pezet
- Laboratoire Plasticité du Cerveau , ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS , 10, rue Vauquelin , 75005 Paris , France
| | - Alexandra Fragola
- Laboratoire de Physique et Etude des Matériaux , ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Université , 10, rue Vauquelin , 75005 Paris , France
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44
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Meng L, Deschaume O, Larbanoix L, Fron E, Bartic C, Laurent S, Van der Auweraer M, Glorieux C. Photoacoustic temperature imaging based on multi-wavelength excitation. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2019; 13:33-45. [PMID: 30555785 PMCID: PMC6277227 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Building further upon the high spatial resolution offered by ultrasonic imaging and the high optical contrast yielded by laser excitation of photoacoustic imaging, and exploiting the temperature dependence of photoacoustic signal amplitudes, this paper addresses the question whether the rich information given by multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) allows to obtain 3D temperature images. Numerical simulations and experimental results are reported on agarose phantoms containing gold nanoparticles and the effects of shadowing, reconstruction flaws, etc. on the accuracy are determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Meng
- Soft Matter and Biophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D - box 2416, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Olivier Deschaume
- Soft Matter and Biophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D - box 2416, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lionel Larbanoix
- Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Rue Adrienne Bolland 8, B-6041, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Eduard Fron
- Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F - box 2404, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carmen Bartic
- Soft Matter and Biophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D - box 2416, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sophie Laurent
- Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Rue Adrienne Bolland 8, B-6041, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Mark Van der Auweraer
- Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F - box 2404, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christ Glorieux
- Soft Matter and Biophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D - box 2416, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Corresponding author.
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45
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Gnyawali V, Strohm EM, Wang JZ, Tsai SSH, Kolios MC. Simultaneous acoustic and photoacoustic microfluidic flow cytometry for label-free analysis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1585. [PMID: 30733497 PMCID: PMC6367457 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37771-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We developed a label-free microfluidic acoustic flow cytometer (AFC) based on interleaved detection of ultrasound backscatter and photoacoustic waves from individual cells and particles flowing through a microfluidic channel. The AFC uses ultra-high frequency ultrasound, which has a center frequency of 375 MHz, corresponding to a wavelength of 4 μm, and a nanosecondpulsed laser, to detect individual cells. We validate the AFC by using it to count different color polystyrene microparticles and comparing the results to data from fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). We also identify and count red and white blood cells in a blood sample using the AFC, and observe an excellent agreement with results obtained from FACS. This new label-free, non-destructive technique enables rapid and multi-parametric studies of individual cells of a large heterogeneous population using parameters such as ultrasound backscatter, optical absorption, and physical properties, for cell counting and sizing in biomedical and diagnostics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaskar Gnyawali
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Toronto, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Eric M Strohm
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jun-Zhi Wang
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Toronto, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Scott S H Tsai
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Toronto, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael C Kolios
- Department of Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada.
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Toronto, Canada.
- Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.
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46
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Qu Y, Li C, Shi J, Chen R, Xu S, Rafsanjani H, Maslov K, Krigman H, Garvey L, Hu P, Zhao P, Meyers K, Diveley E, Pizzella S, Muench L, Punyamurthy N, Goldstein N, Onwumere O, Alisio M, Meyenburg K, Maynard J, Helm K, Slaughter J, Barber S, Burger T, Kramer C, Chubiz J, Anderson M, McCarthy R, England SK, Macones GA, Zhou Q, Shung KK, Zou J, Stout MJ, Tuuli M, Wang LV. Transvaginal fast-scanning optical-resolution photoacoustic endoscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2018; 23:1-4. [PMID: 30520276 PMCID: PMC6279961 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.23.12.121617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic endoscopy offers in vivo examination of the visceral tissue using endogenous contrast, but its typical B-scan rate is ∼10 Hz, restricted by the speed of the scanning unit and the laser pulse repetition rate. Here, we present a transvaginal fast-scanning optical-resolution photoacoustic endoscope with a 250-Hz B-scan rate over a 3-mm scanning range. Using this modality, we not only illustrated the morphological differences of vasculatures among the human ectocervix, uterine body, and sublingual mucosa but also showed the longitudinal and cross-sectional differences of cervical vasculatures in pregnant women. This technology is promising for screening the visceral pathological changes associated with angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Qu
- Washington University in St. Louis, March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Chiye Li
- Washington University in St. Louis, March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Junhui Shi
- California Institute of Technology, Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering and Department of Electrical Engineering, Pasadena, California, United States
| | - Ruimin Chen
- University of Southern California, NIH Ultrasonic Transducer Resource Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Song Xu
- Texas A&M University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College Station, Texas, United States
| | - Hasan Rafsanjani
- Texas A&M University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College Station, Texas, United States
| | - Konstantin Maslov
- California Institute of Technology, Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering and Department of Electrical Engineering, Pasadena, California, United States
| | - Hannah Krigman
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Pathology and Immunology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Laura Garvey
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Pathology and Immunology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Peng Hu
- Washington University in St. Louis, March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Peinan Zhao
- Washington University in St. Louis, March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Karen Meyers
- Washington University in St. Louis, March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Emily Diveley
- Washington University in St. Louis, March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Stephanie Pizzella
- Washington University in St. Louis, March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Lisa Muench
- Washington University in St. Louis, March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Nina Punyamurthy
- Washington University in St. Louis, March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Naomi Goldstein
- Washington University in St. Louis, March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Oji Onwumere
- Washington University in St. Louis, March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Mariana Alisio
- Washington University in St. Louis, March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Kaytelyn Meyenburg
- Washington University in St. Louis, March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Jennifer Maynard
- Washington University in St. Louis, March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Kristi Helm
- Washington University in St. Louis, March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Janessia Slaughter
- Washington University in St. Louis, March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Sabrina Barber
- Washington University in St. Louis, March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Tracy Burger
- Washington University in St. Louis, March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Christine Kramer
- Washington University in St. Louis, March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Jessica Chubiz
- Washington University in St. Louis, March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Monica Anderson
- Washington University in St. Louis, March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Ronald McCarthy
- Washington University in St. Louis, March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Sarah K. England
- Washington University in St. Louis, March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - George A. Macones
- Washington University in St. Louis, March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Qifa Zhou
- University of Southern California, NIH Ultrasonic Transducer Resource Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - K. Kirk Shung
- University of Southern California, NIH Ultrasonic Transducer Resource Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Jun Zou
- Texas A&M University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College Station, Texas, United States
| | - Molly J. Stout
- Washington University in St. Louis, March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Molly J. Stout, E-mail: ; Methodius Tuuli, E-mail: ; Lihong V. Wang, E-mail:
| | - Methodius Tuuli
- Washington University in St. Louis, March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Molly J. Stout, E-mail: ; Methodius Tuuli, E-mail: ; Lihong V. Wang, E-mail:
| | - Lihong V. Wang
- California Institute of Technology, Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering and Department of Electrical Engineering, Pasadena, California, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Molly J. Stout, E-mail: ; Methodius Tuuli, E-mail: ; Lihong V. Wang, E-mail:
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Lee C, Kim JY, Kim C. Recent Progress on Photoacoustic Imaging Enhanced with Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) Technologies. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:E584. [PMID: 30413091 PMCID: PMC6266184 DOI: 10.3390/mi9110584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is a new biomedical imaging technology currently in the spotlight providing a hybrid contrast mechanism and excellent spatial resolution in the biological tissues. It has been extensively studied for preclinical and clinical applications taking advantage of its ability to provide anatomical and functional information of live bodies noninvasively. Recently, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technologies, particularly actuators and sensors, have contributed to improving the PAI system performance, further expanding the research fields. This review introduces cutting-edge MEMS technologies for PAI and summarizes the recent advances of scanning mirrors and detectors in MEMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changho Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School & Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun 58128, Korea.
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea.
| | - Chulhong Kim
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea.
- Departments of Creative IT Engineering and Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea.
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48
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Hsu HC, Li L, Yao J, Wong TTW, Shi J, Chen R, Zhou Q, Wang LV. Dual-axis illumination for virtually augmenting the detection view of optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2018; 23:1-7. [PMID: 29981225 PMCID: PMC8357328 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.23.7.076001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM) has demonstrated fast, label-free volumetric imaging of optical-absorption contrast within the quasiballistic regime of photon scattering. However, the limited numerical aperture of the ultrasonic transducer restricts the detectability of the photoacoustic waves, thus resulting in incomplete reconstructed features. To tackle the limited-view problem, we added an oblique illumination beam to the original coaxial optical-acoustic scheme to provide a complementary detection view. The virtual augmentation of the detection view was validated through numerical simulations and tissue-phantom experiments. More importantly, the combination of top and oblique illumination successfully imaged a mouse brain in vivo down to 1 mm in depth, showing detailed brain vasculature. Of special note, it clearly revealed the diving vessels that were long missing in images from original OR-PAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsun-Chia Hsu
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Optical Imaging Laboratory, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- California Institute of Technology, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Pasadena, California, United States
| | - Lei Li
- California Institute of Technology, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Pasadena, California, United States
| | - Junjie Yao
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Optical Imaging Laboratory, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Terence T. W. Wong
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Optical Imaging Laboratory, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- California Institute of Technology, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Pasadena, California, United States
| | - Junhui Shi
- California Institute of Technology, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Pasadena, California, United States
| | - Ruimin Chen
- University of Southern California, Resource Center for Medical Ultrasonic Transducer Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Qifa Zhou
- University of Southern California, Resource Center for Medical Ultrasonic Transducer Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Lihong V. Wang
- California Institute of Technology, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Pasadena, California, United States
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49
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Qi W, Chen Q, Guo H, Xie H, Xi L. Miniaturized Optical Resolution Photoacoustic Microscope Based on a Microelectromechanical Systems Scanning Mirror. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:mi9060288. [PMID: 30424221 PMCID: PMC6187323 DOI: 10.3390/mi9060288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we report a miniaturized optical resolution photoacoustic microscopy system based on a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) scanning mirror. A two-dimensional MEMS scanning mirror was used to achieve raster scanning of the excitation optical focus. The wideband photoacoustic signals were detected by a flat ultrasound transducer with a center frequency of 10 MHz and an active area of 2 mm in diameter. The size and weight of this device were 60 mm × 30 mm × 20 mm and 40 g, respectively. We evaluated this system using sharp blades, carbon fibers, and a silver strip target. In vivo experiments of imaging vasculatures in the mouse ear, brain, and human lip were completed to demonstrate its potential for biological and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhi Qi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.
| | - Heng Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.
| | - Huikai Xie
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Lei Xi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.
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50
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Label-free photoacoustic microscopy for in-vivo tendon imaging using a fiber-based pulse laser. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4805. [PMID: 29556037 PMCID: PMC5859263 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23113-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tendons are tough, flexible, and ubiquitous tissues that connect muscle to bone. Tendon injuries are a common musculoskeletal injury, which affect 7% of all patients and are involved in up to 50% of sports-related injuries in the United States. Various imaging modalities are used to evaluate tendons, and both magnetic resonance imaging and sonography are used clinically to evaluate tendons with non-invasive and non-ionizing radiation. However, these modalities cannot provide 3-dimensional (3D) structural images and are limited by angle dependency. In addition, anisotropy is an artifact that is unique to the musculoskeletal system. Thus, great care should be taken during tendon imaging. The present study evaluated a functional photoacoustic microscopy system for in-vivo tendon imaging without labeling. Tendons have a higher density of type 1 collagen in a cross-linked triple-helical formation (65–80% dry-weight collagen and 1–2% elastin in a proteoglycan-water matrix) than other tissues, which provides clear endogenous absorption contrast in the near-infrared spectrum. Therefore, photoacoustic imaging with a high sensitivity to absorption contrast is a powerful tool for label-free imaging of tendons. A pulsed near-infrared fiber-based laser with a centered wavelength of 780 nm was used for the imaging, and this system successfully provided a 3D image of mouse tendons with a wide field of view (5 × 5 mm2).
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