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Song Y, Zhang X, Klusener PAA, Nockemann P. Advancing mesoporous carbon synthesis for supercapacitors: a systematic investigation of cross-linking agent effects on pore structure and functionality. NANOSCALE 2023. [PMID: 38032274 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03244b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Soft-templating synthesis provides an effective route to prepare ordered mesoporous carbons (MCs) that can be used for supercapacitors. During this process, the cross-linking of carbon precursors is critical to obtain tailored pore structural MCs, thus careful selection of appropriate cross-linking agents is required. Despite the shift from the prevailing cross-linker formaldehyde to its more environmentally friendly alternatives, detailed understanding on the influence of different cross-linking agents on templating synthesis is still lacking. Therefore, it remains challenging to draw a conclusion regarding which cross-linker can effectively enable an ideal cross-linking and a robust templating synthesis of ordered MCs. This work presents a systematic study, by comparing three typical cross-linkers (formaldehyde, glyoxal, and glyoxylic acid), on the pore architecture, surface functionality, and electrochemical performance of resulting MCs. Both the type of cross-linker and its ratio with precursor monomer were found to be crucial for the pore architecture and electrochemical performance of resulting MCs. Glyoxal showed to be a promising cross-linker for easily generating ordered mesopores between 3.3-6.1 nm when the molar ratio between cross-linker and carbon precursor ranged from 1 to 2, whereas glyoxylic acid and formaldehyde induced interrupted or disordered mesopores. When the resulting MCs were used as supercapacitor electrodes, those cross-linked with glyoxal also led to overall higher capacitance in both 6 M KOH aqueous and ionic liquid [N2220][NTf2]/acetonitrile electrolytes thanks to the dominance of ordered mesopore channels, especially MC prepared at glyoxal/precursor molar ratio of 1.5. These findings on the effect of cross-linking on templating synthesis can be used to guide the customisation of MCs for supercapacitors and other applications by smartly choosing a suitable cross-linking agent and its ratio with the precursor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoguang Song
- The QUILL Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, BT9 5AG, Belfast, UK.
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Strathclyde, G1 1XJ, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Peter A A Klusener
- Shell Global Solutions International B.V., Energy Transition Campus Amsterdam, Grasweg 31, 1031 HW Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Nockemann
- The QUILL Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, BT9 5AG, Belfast, UK.
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Research Progress on the Preparation and Applications of Laser-Induced Graphene Technology. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12142336. [PMID: 35889560 PMCID: PMC9317010 DOI: 10.3390/nano12142336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Graphene has been regarded as a potential application material in the field of new energy conversion and storage because of its unique two-dimensional structure and excellent physical and chemical properties. However, traditional graphene preparation methods are complicated in-process and difficult to form patterned structures. In recent years, laser-induced graphene (LIG) technology has received a large amount of attention from scholars and has a wide range of applications in supercapacitors, batteries, sensors, air filters, water treatment, etc. In this paper, we summarized a variety of preparation methods for graphene. The effects of laser processing parameters, laser type, precursor materials, and process atmosphere on the properties of the prepared LIG were reviewed. Then, two strategies for large-scale production of LIG were briefly described. We also discussed the wide applications of LIG in the fields of signal sensing, environmental protection, and energy storage. Finally, we briefly outlined the future trends of this research direction.
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Feng H, Cui Q, Zhou Y, Dong J, Li M, Xiao L, Ao Y. Thermal Degradation, Kinetic Analysis and Char Formation in the Pyrolysis of Poly(melamine-co-phenolic resin) Copolymer. J MACROMOL SCI B 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2020.1840848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hengyu Feng
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber Development and Application, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingshi Cui
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber Development and Application, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber Development and Application, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinglong Dong
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber Development and Application, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber Development and Application, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linghan Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber Development and Application, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuhui Ao
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber Development and Application, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
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Mesoporous Carbons from Polysaccharides and Their Use in Li-O 2 Batteries. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10102036. [PMID: 33076455 PMCID: PMC7602621 DOI: 10.3390/nano10102036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that the mesoporosity of carbon material obtained by the Starbon® process from starch-formed by amylose and amylopectin can be tuned by controlling this ratio (the higher the amylose, the higher the mesoporosity). This study shows that starch type can also be an important parameter to control this mesoporosity. Carbons with controlled mesoporosity (Vmeso from 0.1–0.7 cm3/g) have been produced by the pre-mixing of different starches using an ionic liquid (IL) followed by a modified Starbon® process. The results show that the use of starch from corn and maize (commercially available Hylon VII with maize, respectively) is the better combination to increase the mesopore volume. Moreover, “low-cost” mesoporous carbons have been obtained by the direct carbonization of the pre-treated starch mixtures with the IL. In all cases, the IL can be recovered and reused, as demonstrated by its recycling up to three times. Furthermore, and as a comparison, chitosan has been also used as a precursor to obtain N-doped mesoporous carbons (5.5 wt% N) with moderate mesoporosity (Vmeso = 0.43 cm3/g). The different mesoporous carbons have been tested as cathode components in Li-O2 batteries and it is shown that a higher carbon mesoporosity, produced from starch precursor, or the N-doping, produced from chitosan precursor, increase the final battery cell performance (specific capacity and cycling).
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Etesami M, Abouzari-Lotf E, Sha'rani SS, Miyake M, Moozarm Nia P, Ripin A, Ahmad A. Self-assembled heteropolyacid on nitrogen-enriched carbon nanofiber for vanadium flow batteries. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:13212-13222. [PMID: 29971298 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr02450b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel polyoxometalate-based electrode was developed by incorporating phosphotungstic acid (PWA) in nylon-6,6 nanofiber, followed by carbonization. The developed PWA-carbon nanofiber (PWA-CNF) showed the characteristics of the dual-scale porosity of micro- and mesoporous substrate with surface area of around 684 m2 g-1. The compound exhibited excellent stability in vanadium electrolyte and battery cycling. Evaluation of electrocatalytic properties toward V2+/V3+ and VO2+/VO2+ redox couples indicated promising advantages in electron transfer kinetics and increasing energy efficiency, particularly for the VO2+/VO2+ couple. Moreover, the developed electrode exhibited substantially improved energy efficiency (14% higher than that of pristine carbon felt) in the single cell vanadium redox flow battery. This outstanding performance was attributed to high surface area and abundant oxygen-containing linkages in the developed electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Etesami
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Centre of Hydrogen Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Nitrogen-Doped Mesoporous Carbon for Supercapacitor Application. C — JOURNAL OF CARBON RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/c4020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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Martinez de Yuso A, Maetz A, Oumellal Y, Zlotea C, Le Meins JM, Matei Ghimbeu C. Optimization of the synthesis of Pd-Au nanoalloys confined in mesoporous carbonaceous materials. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Rahimi R, Ochoa M, Tamayol A, Khalili S, Khademhosseini A, Ziaie B. Highly Stretchable Potentiometric pH Sensor Fabricated via Laser Carbonization and Machining of Carbon-Polyaniline Composite. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:9015-9023. [PMID: 28224783 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b16228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The development of stretchable sensors has recently attracted considerable attention. These sensors have been used in wearable and robotics applications, such as personalized health-monitoring, motion detection, and human-machine interfaces. Herein, we report on a highly stretchable electrochemical pH sensor for wearable point-of-care applications that consists of a pH-sensitive working electrode and a liquid-junction-free reference electrode, in which the stretchable conductive interconnections are fabricated by laser carbonizing and micromachining of a polyimide sheet bonded to an Ecoflex substrate. This method produces highly porous carbonized 2D serpentine traces that are subsequently permeated with polyaniline (PANI) as the conductive filler, binding material, and pH-sensitive membrane. The experimental and simulation results demonstrate that the stretchable serpentine PANI/C-PI interconnections with an optimal trace width of 0.3 mm can withstand elongations of up to 135% and are robust to more than 12 000 stretch-and-release cycles at 20% strain without noticeable change in the resistance. The pH sensor displays a linear sensitivity of -53 mV/pH (r2 = 0.976) with stable performance in the physiological range of pH 4-10. The sensor shows excellent stability to applied longitudinal and transverse strains up to 100% in different pH buffer solutions with a minimal deviation of less than ±4 mV. The material biocompatibility is confirmed with NIH 3T3 fibroblast cells via PrestoBlue assays.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ali Tamayol
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Shahla Khalili
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University , Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah 21569, Saudi Arabia
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