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Smith JT, Liu CJ, Degnan J, Ouellette JN, Conklin MW, Kellner AV, Scribano CM, Hrycyniak L, Oliner JD, Zahm C, Wait E, Eliceiri KW, Rafter J. Label-free fluorescence lifetime imaging for the assessment of cell viability in living tumor fragments. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2024; 29:S22709. [PMID: 38881557 PMCID: PMC11177118 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.29.s2.s22709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Significance To enable non-destructive longitudinal assessment of drug agents in intact tumor tissue without the use of disruptive probes, we have designed a label-free method to quantify the health of individual tumor cells in excised tumor tissue using multiphoton fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (MP-FLIM). Aim Using murine tumor fragments which preserve the native tumor microenvironment, we seek to demonstrate signals generated by the intrinsically fluorescent metabolic co-factors nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate [NAD(P)H] and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) correlate with irreversible cascades leading to cell death. Approach We use MP-FLIM of NAD(P)H and FAD on tissues and confirm viability using standard apoptosis and live/dead (Caspase 3/7 and propidium iodide, respectively) assays. Results Through a statistical approach, reproducible shifts in FLIM data, determined through phasor analysis, are shown to correlate with loss of cell viability. With this, we demonstrate that cell death achieved through either apoptosis/necrosis or necroptosis can be discriminated. In addition, specific responses to common chemotherapeutic treatment inducing cell death were detected. Conclusions These data demonstrate that MP-FLIM can detect and quantify cell viability without the use of potentially toxic dyes, thus enabling longitudinal multi-day studies assessing the effects of therapeutic agents on tumor fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason T Smith
- Elephas, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- Booz Allen Hamilton, McLean, Virginia, United States
| | - Chao J Liu
- Elephas, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chris Zahm
- Elephas, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Eric Wait
- Elephas, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Kevin W Eliceiri
- Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
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Todaro B, Pesce L, Cardarelli F, Luin S. Pioglitazone Phases and Metabolic Effects in Nanoparticle-Treated Cells Analyzed via Rapid Visualization of FLIM Images. Molecules 2024; 29:2137. [PMID: 38731628 PMCID: PMC11085555 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) has proven to be a useful method for analyzing various aspects of material science and biology, like the supramolecular organization of (slightly) fluorescent compounds or the metabolic activity in non-labeled cells; in particular, FLIM phasor analysis (phasor-FLIM) has the potential for an intuitive representation of complex fluorescence decays and therefore of the analyzed properties. Here we present and make available tools to fully exploit this potential, in particular by coding via hue, saturation, and intensity the phasor positions and their weights both in the phasor plot and in the microscope image. We apply these tools to analyze FLIM data acquired via two-photon microscopy to visualize: (i) different phases of the drug pioglitazone (PGZ) in solutions and/or crystals, (ii) the position in the phasor plot of non-labelled poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs), and (iii) the effect of PGZ or PGZ-containing NPs on the metabolism of insulinoma (INS-1 E) model cells. PGZ is recognized for its efficacy in addressing insulin resistance and hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus, and polymeric nanoparticles offer versatile platforms for drug delivery due to their biocompatibility and controlled release kinetics. This study lays the foundation for a better understanding via phasor-FLIM of the organization and effects of drugs, in particular, PGZ, within NPs, aiming at better control of encapsulation and pharmacokinetics, and potentially at novel anti-diabetics theragnostic nanotools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biagio Todaro
- NEST Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (L.P.); (F.C.)
| | - Luca Pesce
- NEST Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (L.P.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesco Cardarelli
- NEST Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (L.P.); (F.C.)
| | - Stefano Luin
- NEST Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (L.P.); (F.C.)
- NEST Laboratory, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
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Maharjan S, Ma C, Singh B, Kang H, Orive G, Yao J, Shrike Zhang Y. Advanced 3D imaging and organoid bioprinting for biomedical research and therapeutic applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 208:115237. [PMID: 38447931 PMCID: PMC11031334 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Organoid cultures offer a valuable platform for studying organ-level biology, allowing for a closer mimicry of human physiology compared to traditional two-dimensional cell culture systems or non-primate animal models. While many organoid cultures use cell aggregates or decellularized extracellular matrices as scaffolds, they often lack precise biochemical and biophysical microenvironments. In contrast, three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting allows precise placement of organoids or spheroids, providing enhanced spatial control and facilitating the direct fusion for the formation of large-scale functional tissues in vitro. In addition, 3D bioprinting enables fine tuning of biochemical and biophysical cues to support organoid development and maturation. With advances in the organoid technology and its potential applications across diverse research fields such as cell biology, developmental biology, disease pathology, precision medicine, drug toxicology, and tissue engineering, organoid imaging has become a crucial aspect of physiological and pathological studies. This review highlights the recent advancements in imaging technologies that have significantly contributed to organoid research. Additionally, we discuss various bioprinting techniques, emphasizing their applications in organoid bioprinting. Integrating 3D imaging tools into a bioprinting platform allows real-time visualization while facilitating quality control, optimization, and comprehensive bioprinting assessment. Similarly, combining imaging technologies with organoid bioprinting can provide valuable insights into tissue formation, maturation, functions, and therapeutic responses. This approach not only improves the reproducibility of physiologically relevant tissues but also enhances understanding of complex biological processes. Thus, careful selection of bioprinting modalities, coupled with appropriate imaging techniques, holds the potential to create a versatile platform capable of addressing existing challenges and harnessing opportunities in these rapidly evolving fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushila Maharjan
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Chenshuo Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Bibhor Singh
- Winthrop L. Chenery Upper Elementary School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Heemin Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Gorka Orive
- NanoBioCel Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN). Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology - UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), Vitoria, 01007, Spain; Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Junjie Yao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Chmykh Y, Nadeau JL. The use of fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) for in situ microbial detection in complex mineral substrates. J Microsc 2024; 294:36-51. [PMID: 38230460 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.13264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The utility of fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) for identifying bacteria in complex mineral matrices was investigated. Baseline signals from unlabelled Bacillus subtilis and Euglena gracilis, and Bacillus subtilis labelled with SYTO 9 were obtained using two-photon excitation at 730, 750 and 800 nm, identifying characteristic lifetimes of photosynthetic pigments, unpigmented cellular autofluorescence, and SYTO 9. Labelled and unlabelled B. subtilis were seeded onto marble and gypsum samples containing endolithic photosynthetic cyanobacteria and the ability to distinguish cells from mineral autofluorescence and nonspecific dye staining was examined in parallel with ordinary multichannel confocal imaging. It was found that FLIM enabled discrimination of SYTO 9 labelled cells from background, but that the lifetime of SYTO 9 was shorter in cells on minerals than in pure culture under our conditions. Photosynthetic microorganisms were easily observed using both FLIM and confocal. Unlabelled, nonpigmented bacteria showed weak signals that were difficult to distinguish from background when minerals were present, though cellular autofluorescence consistent with NAD(P)H could be seen in pure cultures, and phasor analysis permitted detection on rocks. Gypsum and marble samples showed similar autofluorescence profiles, with little autofluorescence in the yellow-to-red range. Lifetime or time-gated imaging may prove a useful tool for environmental microbiology. LAY DESCRIPTION: The standard method of bacterial enumeration is to label the cells with a fluorescent dye and count them under high-power fluorescence microscopy. However, this can be difficult when the cells are embedded in soil and rock due to fluorescence from the surrounding minerals and dye binding to ambiguous features of the substrate. The use of fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) can disambiguate these signals and allow for improved detection of bacteria in environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yekaterina Chmykh
- Department of Physics, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Jay L Nadeau
- Department of Physics, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Tan KKD, Tsuchida MA, Chacko JV, Gahm NA, Eliceiri KW. Real-time open-source FLIM analysis. FRONTIERS IN BIOINFORMATICS 2023; 3:1286983. [PMID: 38098814 PMCID: PMC10720713 DOI: 10.3389/fbinf.2023.1286983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) provides valuable quantitative insights into fluorophores' chemical microenvironment. Due to long computation times and the lack of accessible, open-source real-time analysis toolkits, traditional analysis of FLIM data, particularly with the widely used time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) approach, typically occurs after acquisition. As a result, uncertainties about the quality of FLIM data persist even after collection, frequently necessitating the extension of imaging sessions. Unfortunately, prolonged sessions not only risk missing important biological events but also cause photobleaching and photodamage. We present the first open-source program designed for real-time FLIM analysis during specimen scanning to address these challenges. Our approach combines acquisition with real-time computational and visualization capabilities, allowing us to assess FLIM data quality on the fly. Our open-source real-time FLIM viewer, integrated as a Napari plugin, displays phasor analysis and rapid lifetime determination (RLD) results computed from real-time data transmitted by acquisition software such as the open-source Micro-Manager-based OpenScan package. Our method facilitates early identification of FLIM signatures and data quality assessment by providing preliminary analysis during acquisition. This not only speeds up the imaging process, but it is especially useful when imaging sensitive live biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin K. D. Tan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
- Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Mark A. Tsuchida
- Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jenu V. Chacko
- Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Niklas A. Gahm
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
- Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Kevin W. Eliceiri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
- Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
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Barroso M, Monaghan MG, Niesner R, Dmitriev RI. Probing organoid metabolism using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM): The next frontier of drug discovery and disease understanding. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 201:115081. [PMID: 37647987 PMCID: PMC10543546 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Organoid models have been used to address important questions in developmental and cancer biology, tissue repair, advanced modelling of disease and therapies, among other bioengineering applications. Such 3D microenvironmental models can investigate the regulation of cell metabolism, and provide key insights into the mechanisms at the basis of cell growth, differentiation, communication, interactions with the environment and cell death. Their accessibility and complexity, based on 3D spatial and temporal heterogeneity, make organoids suitable for the application of novel, dynamic imaging microscopy methods, such as fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) and related decay time-assessing readouts. Several biomarkers and assays have been proposed to study cell metabolism by FLIM in various organoid models. Herein, we present an expert-opinion discussion on the principles of FLIM and PLIM, instrumentation and data collection and analysis protocols, and general and emerging biosensor-based approaches, to highlight the pioneering work being performed in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Barroso
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Michael G Monaghan
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 02, Ireland
| | - Raluca Niesner
- Dynamic and Functional In Vivo Imaging, Freie Universität Berlin and Biophysical Analytics, German Rheumatism Research Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ruslan I Dmitriev
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Group, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Ghent Light Microscopy Core, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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7
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Xiang F, Yu J, Jiang D, Hu W, Zhang R, Huang C, Wu T, Gao Y, Zheng A, Liu TM, Zheng W, Li X, Li H. Quantitative multiphoton imaging of cell metabolism, stromal fibers, and keratinization enables label-free discrimination of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:4137-4155. [PMID: 37799684 PMCID: PMC10549756 DOI: 10.1364/boe.492109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) features atypical clinical manifestations and a low 5-year survival rate (< 5% in many developing countries where most of the disease occurs). Precise ESCC detection and grading toward timely and effective intervention are therefore crucial. In this study, we propose a multidimensional, slicing-free, and label-free histopathological evaluation method based on multispectral multiphoton fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (MM-FLIM) for precise ESCC identification. To assess the feasibility of this method, comparative imaging on fresh human biopsy specimens of different ESCC grades is performed. By constructing fluorescence spectrum- and lifetime-coded images, ESCC-induced morphological variations are unveiled. Further quantification of cell metabolism and stromal fibers reveals potential indicators for ESCC detection and grading. The specific identification of keratin pearls provides additional support for the early detection of ESCC. These findings demonstrate the viability of using MM-FLIM and the series of derived indicators for histopathological evaluation of ESCC. As there is an increasing interest in developing multiphoton endoscopes and multiphoton FLIM systems for clinical use, the proposed method would probably allow noninvasive, label-free, and multidimensional histological detection and grading of ESCC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xiang
- Research Center for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Optical Imaging Technology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jia Yu
- Research Center for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Optical Imaging Technology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences & Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Danling Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shen Zhen 518036, China
| | - Weiwang Hu
- Research Center for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Optical Imaging Technology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Rongli Zhang
- Research Center for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Optical Imaging Technology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chenming Huang
- Research Center for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Optical Imaging Technology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Research Center for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Optical Imaging Technology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yufeng Gao
- Research Center for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Optical Imaging Technology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Aiping Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shen Zhen 518036, China
| | - Tzu-Ming Liu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences & Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Research Center for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Optical Imaging Technology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shen Zhen 518036, China
| | - Hui Li
- Research Center for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Optical Imaging Technology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Belashov A, Zhikhoreva A, Salova A, Belyaeva T, Litvinov I, Kornilova E, Semenova I, Vasyutinskii O. Analysis of Radachlorin localization in living cells by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B: BIOLOGY 2023; 243:112699. [PMID: 37030133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2023.112699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular localization of photosensitizer molecules is influential on cell death pathway at photodynamic treatment and is thus an important aspect in achieving enhanced efficacy of photodynamic therapy. In this paper we performed thorough studies of the distribution of Radachlorin photosensitizer in three established cell lines: HeLa, A549, and 3T3 with fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy through the analysis of lifetime distributions. Experiments carried out in Radachlorin solutions in phosphate buffered saline revealed the pronounced dependence of the fluorescence quantum yield and lifetime on solution pH. This finding was used for analysis of lifetime images of living cells and their phasor plot representations and allowed us to suggest that Radachlorin localized predominantly in lysosomes, known to have acidic pH values. Experiments on co-localization of Radachlorin fluorescence lifetimes and LysoTracker fluorescence intensity supported this suggestion. The results obtained show that the inhomogeneity of fluorescence quantum yield within a cell can be significant due to lower pH values in lysosomes than in other intracellular compartments. This finding suggests that the actual amount of accumulated Radachlorin can be underestimated if being evaluated solely by comparison of fluorescence intensities.
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Okkelman IA, Dmitriev RI. Fluorescence Intensity and Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopies (FLIM) of Cell Differentiation in the Small Intestinal Organoids Using Cholera Toxin. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2650:171-195. [PMID: 37310632 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3076-1_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Live cell microscopies of in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo experimental intestinal models enable visualizing cell proliferation, differentiation, and functional cellular status in response to intrinsic and extrinsic (e.g., in the presence of microbiota) factors. While the use of transgenic animal models expressing biosensor fluorescent proteins can be laborious and not compatible with clinical samples and patient-derived organoids, the use of fluorescent dye tracers is an attractive alternative. In this protocol, we describe how the differentiation-dependent intestinal cell membrane composition can be labeled using fluorescent cholera toxin subunit B (CTX) derivatives. By using the culture of mouse adult stem cell-derived small intestinal organoids, we show that CTX can bind specific plasma membrane domains in differentiation-dependent manner. Green (Alexa Fluor 488) and red (Alexa Fluor 555) fluorescent CTX derivatives also display additional contrast in a fluorescence lifetime domain, when probed by the fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), and can be used together with other fluorescent dyes and cell tracers. Importantly, CTX staining remains confined to specific regions in the organoids after fixation, which enables using it in both live cell and fixed tissue immunofluorescence microscopies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina A Okkelman
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Group, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ruslan I Dmitriev
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Group, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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10
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Azzarello F, Pesce L, De Lorenzi V, Ferri G, Tesi M, Del Guerra S, Marchetti P, Cardarelli F. Single-cell imaging of α and β cell metabolic response to glucose in living human Langerhans islets. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1232. [PMID: 36371562 PMCID: PMC9653440 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04215-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we use a combination of two-photon Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (FLIM) of NAD(P)H free/bound ratio in living HIs with post-fixation, immunofluorescence-based, cell-type identification. FLIM allowed to measure variations in the NAD(P)H free/bound ratio induced by glucose; immunofluorescence data allowed to identify single α and β cells; finally, matching of the two datasets allowed to assign metabolic shifts to cell identity. 312 α and 654 β cells from a cohort of 4 healthy donors, 15 total islets, were measured. Both α and β cells display a wide spectrum of responses, towards either an increase or a decrease in NAD(P)H free/bound ratio. Yet, if single-cell data are averaged according to the respective donor and correlated to donor insulin secretion power, a non-random distribution of metabolic shifts emerges: robust average responses of both α and β cells towards an increase of enzyme-bound NAD(P)H belong to the donor with the lowest insulin-secretion power; by contrast, discordant responses, with α cells shifting towards an increase of free NAD(P)H and β cells towards an increase of enzyme-bound NAD(P)H, correspond to the donor with the highest insulin-secretion power. Overall, data reveal neat anti-correlation of tissue metabolic responses with respect to tissue insulin secretion power. A combination of live imaging and immunofluorescence on donor islet cells uncover an anti-correlation of enzyme-bound NAD(P)H and insulin secretion power.
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11
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Alhibah M, Kröger M, Schanzer S, Busch L, Lademann J, Beckers I, Meinke MC, Darvin ME. Penetration Depth of Propylene Glycol, Sodium Fluorescein and Nile Red into the Skin Using Non-Invasive Two-Photon Excited FLIM. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:1790. [PMID: 36145537 PMCID: PMC9506119 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The stratum corneum (SC) forms a strong barrier against topical drug delivery. Therefore, understanding the penetration depth and pathways into the SC is important for the efficiency of drug delivery and cosmetic safety. In this study, TPT-FLIM (two-photon tomography combined with fluorescence lifetime imaging) was applied as a non-invasive optical method for the visualization of skin structure and components to study penetration depths of exemplary substances, like hydrophilic propylene glycol (PG), sodium fluorescein (NaFl) and lipophilic Nile red (NR) into porcine ear skin ex vivo. Non-fluorescent PG was detected indirectly based on the pH-dependent increase in the fluorescence lifetime of SC components. The pH similarity between PG and viable epidermis limited the detection of PG. NaFl reached the viable epidermis, which was also proved by laser scanning microscopy. Tape stripping and confocal Raman micro-spectroscopy were performed additionally to study NaFl, which revealed penetration depths of ≈5 and ≈8 μm, respectively. Lastly, NR did not permeate the SC. We concluded that the amplitude-weighted mean fluorescence lifetime is the most appropriate FLIM parameter to build up penetration profiles. This work is anticipated to provide a non-invasive TPT-FLIM method for studying the penetration of topically applied drugs and cosmetics into the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Alhibah
- Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry, Berliner Hochschule für Technik, Luxemburger Straße 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marius Kröger
- Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Schanzer
- Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Loris Busch
- Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Philipps University Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Lademann
- Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingeborg Beckers
- Department of Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry, Berliner Hochschule für Technik, Luxemburger Straße 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martina C. Meinke
- Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maxim E. Darvin
- Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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12
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Effect of carboxylic acid and cyanoacrylic acid as anchoring groups on Coumarin 6 dye for dye-sensitized solar cells: DFT and TD-DFT study. Struct Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-022-01957-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AbstractStarting with Coumarin-6 dye, two novel D-π-A organic dyes C6X and C6N have been designed by attaching carboxylic acid and cyanoacrylic acid groups as anchoring groups to Coumarn-6 dye, respectively, to understand their potential use in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The electronic structure and photophysical and photovoltaic properties of the novel designed dyes were studied using density functional theory DFT and time-dependent density functional theory TD-DFT with the Becke3-Parameter-Lee–Yang–Parr (B3LYP) functional and the 6-31G (d, p) basis set. Optimized structure and electronic properties (highest occupied molecular orbital energy (EHOMO), lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (ELUMO), and energy difference (Eg) between HOMO and LUMO) were calculated showing that C6N has the smallest band gap with the larger absorption region. Density of states (DOS), molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis, non-linear optical (NLO) properties, UV–vis spectra, as well as some crucial parameters affecting the photovoltaic performance of DSSCs, such as light-harvesting efficiency (LHE), electron injection driving force (ΔGinject), dye regeneration driving force(ΔGreg), and the excited state life time(τe), were calculated to study the effect of the anchoring group on the DSSC performance. Additionally, the adsorption of C6X and C6N dyes on the TiO2 anatase (101) surface and the mechanism of electron injection were also investigated using a dye–(TiO2)9 cluster model using TD-B3LYP calculation. The calculated adsorption energies of the dyes suggest a strong adsorption of dyes to a TiO2 surface. The results show that C6N may be theoretically a good candidate as sensitizer of DSSC application.
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13
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Bassler MC, Rammler T, Wackenhut F, Zur Oven-Krockhaus S, Secic I, Ritz R, Meixner AJ, Brecht M. Accumulation and penetration behavior of hypericin in glioma tumor spheroids studied by fluorescence microscopy and confocal fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:4849-4860. [PMID: 35538227 PMCID: PMC9234035 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04107-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma WHO IV belongs to a group of brain tumors that are still incurable. A promising treatment approach applies photodynamic therapy (PDT) with hypericin as a photosensitizer. To generate a comprehensive understanding of the photosensitizer-tumor interactions, the first part of our study is focused on investigating the distribution and penetration behavior of hypericin in glioma cell spheroids by fluorescence microscopy. In the second part, fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) was used to correlate fluorescence lifetime (FLT) changes of hypericin to environmental effects inside the spheroids. In this context, 3D tumor spheroids are an excellent model system since they consider 3D cell-cell interactions and the extracellular matrix is similar to tumors in vivo. Our analytical approach considers hypericin as probe molecule for FLIM and as photosensitizer for PDT at the same time, making it possible to directly draw conclusions of the state and location of the drug in a biological system. The knowledge of both state and location of hypericin makes a fundamental understanding of the impact of hypericin PDT in brain tumors possible. Following different incubation conditions, the hypericin distribution in peripheral and central cryosections of the spheroids were analyzed. Both fluorescence microscopy and FLIM revealed a hypericin gradient towards the spheroid core for short incubation periods or small concentrations. On the other hand, a homogeneous hypericin distribution is observed for long incubation times and high concentrations. Especially, the observed FLT change is crucial for the PDT efficiency, since the triplet yield, and hence the O2 activation, is directly proportional to the FLT. Based on the FLT increase inside spheroids, an incubation time > 30 min is required to achieve most suitable conditions for an effective PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam C Bassler
- Process Analysis and Technology (PA&T), Reutlingen University, Alteburgstr. 150, 72762, Reutlingen, Germany.,Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tim Rammler
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Frank Wackenhut
- Process Analysis and Technology (PA&T), Reutlingen University, Alteburgstr. 150, 72762, Reutlingen, Germany.
| | - Sven Zur Oven-Krockhaus
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ivona Secic
- Process Analysis and Technology (PA&T), Reutlingen University, Alteburgstr. 150, 72762, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Rainer Ritz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Schwarzwald-Baar Clinic, Klinikstr. 11, 78052, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
| | - Alfred J Meixner
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marc Brecht
- Process Analysis and Technology (PA&T), Reutlingen University, Alteburgstr. 150, 72762, Reutlingen, Germany. .,Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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14
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Hart SM, Wang X, Guo J, Bathe M, Schlau-Cohen GS. Tuning Optical Absorption and Emission Using Strongly Coupled Dimers in Programmable DNA Scaffolds. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:1863-1871. [PMID: 35175058 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Molecular materials for light harvesting, computing, and fluorescence imaging require nanoscale integration of electronically active subunits. Variation in the optical absorption and emission properties of the subunits has primarily been achieved through modifications to the chemical structure, which is often synthetically challenging. Here, we introduce a facile method for varying optical absorption and emission properties by changing the geometry of a strongly coupled Cy3 dimer on a double-crossover (DX) DNA tile. Leveraging the versatility and programmability of DNA, we tune the length of the complementary strand so that it "pushes" or "pulls" the dimer, inducing dramatic changes in the photophysics including lifetime differences observable at the ensemble and single-molecule level. The separable lifetimes, along with environmental sensitivity also observed in the photophysics, suggest that the Cy3-DX tile constructs could serve as fluorescence probes for multiplexed imaging. More generally, these constructs establish a framework for easily controllable photophysics via geometric changes to coupled chromophores, which could be applied in light-harvesting devices and molecular electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Hart
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jiajia Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mark Bathe
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Gabriela S Schlau-Cohen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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15
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Rodimova S, Elagin V, Karabut M, Koryakina I, Timin A, Zagainov V, Zyuzin M, Zagaynova E, Kuznetsova D. Toxicological Analysis of Hepatocytes Using FLIM Technique: In Vitro versus Ex Vivo Models. Cells 2021; 10:2894. [PMID: 34831114 PMCID: PMC8616382 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for new criteria indicating acute or chronic pathological processes resulting from exposure to toxic agents, testing of drugs for potential hepatotoxicity, and fundamental study of the mechanisms of hepatotoxicity at a molecular level still represents a challenging issue that requires the selection of adequate research models and tools. Microfluidic chips (MFCs) offer a promising in vitro model for express analysis and are easy to implement. However, to obtain comprehensive information, more complex models are needed. A fundamentally new label-free approach for studying liver pathology is fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). We obtained FLIM data on both the free and bound forms of NAD(P)H, which is associated with different metabolic pathways. In clinical cases, liver pathology resulting from overdoses is most often as a result of acetaminophen (APAP) or alcohol (ethanol). Therefore, we have studied and compared the metabolic state of hepatocytes in various experimental models of APAP and ethanol hepatotoxicity. We have determined the potential diagnostic criteria including the pathologically altered metabolism of the hepatocytes in the early stages of toxic damage, including pronounced changes in the contribution from the bound form of NAD(P)H. In contrast to the MFCs, the changes in the metabolic state of hepatocytes in the ex vivo models are, to a greater extent, associated with compensatory processes. Thus, MFCs in combination with FLIM can be applied as an effective tool set for the express modeling and diagnosis of hepatotoxicity in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Rodimova
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (V.E.); (M.K.); (V.Z.); (E.Z.); (D.K.)
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod National Research State University, 23 Gagarina Ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Vadim Elagin
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (V.E.); (M.K.); (V.Z.); (E.Z.); (D.K.)
| | - Maria Karabut
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (V.E.); (M.K.); (V.Z.); (E.Z.); (D.K.)
| | - Irina Koryakina
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, 9 Lomonosova St., 191002 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.K.); (M.Z.)
| | - Alexander Timin
- Research School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30 Lenin Ave., 634034 Tomsk, Russia;
- Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 29 Polytechnicheskaya St., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir Zagainov
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (V.E.); (M.K.); (V.Z.); (E.Z.); (D.K.)
- The Volga District Medical Centre of Federal Medical and Biological Agency, 14 Ilinskaya St., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Mikhail Zyuzin
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, 9 Lomonosova St., 191002 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.K.); (M.Z.)
| | - Elena Zagaynova
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (V.E.); (M.K.); (V.Z.); (E.Z.); (D.K.)
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod National Research State University, 23 Gagarina Ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Daria Kuznetsova
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (V.E.); (M.K.); (V.Z.); (E.Z.); (D.K.)
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod National Research State University, 23 Gagarina Ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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16
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Piccirillo G, Feuerer N, Carvajal Berrio DA, Layland SL, Reimer Hinderer S, Bochicchio B, Schenke-Layland K. Hyaluronic Acid-Functionalized Hybrid Gelatin-Poly-L-Lactide Scaffolds with Tunable Hydrophilicity. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2021; 27:589-604. [PMID: 34693733 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2021.0178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we describe the production of hybrid gelatin-poly-L-lactide electrospun scaffolds whose hydrophilicity was controlled by binding increasing concentrations of hyaluronic acid (HA). We show that cross-linking has advantages over coating when aiming to functionalize the scaffolds with HA. The here described scaffolds structurely mimicked the complexity of the extracellular matrix, and when excited by second harmonic generation, they produced a signal that is typical of collagen-containing biological fibers. Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) was used to marker-independently monitor the growth of human dermal fibroblasts on the electrospun scaffolds using reduced (phosphorylated) nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide as target. Benefitting from the different fluorescence lifetimes of the polymer and the endogenous cellular fluorophore, we were able to distinguish and separate the signals produced by the cells from the signals generated by the electrospun scaffolds. FLIM further allowed the detection of metabolic differences in the cells seeded on the HA-functionalized scaffolds compared with cells that were cultured on nonfunctionalized control scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germano Piccirillo
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department for Medical Technologies and Regenerative Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nora Feuerer
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department for Medical Technologies and Regenerative Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Daniel A Carvajal Berrio
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department for Medical Technologies and Regenerative Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies," Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Shannon L Layland
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department for Medical Technologies and Regenerative Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Svenja Reimer Hinderer
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department for Medical Technologies and Regenerative Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | | | - Katja Schenke-Layland
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department for Medical Technologies and Regenerative Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies," Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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17
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Pham DL, Miller CR, Myers MS, Myers DM, Hansen LA, Nichols MG. Development and characterization of phasor-based analysis for FLIM to evaluate the metabolic and epigenetic impact of HER2 inhibition on squamous cell carcinoma cultures. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2021; 26:JBO-210187R. [PMID: 34628733 PMCID: PMC8501457 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.26.10.106501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Deranged metabolism and dysregulated growth factor signaling are closely associated with abnormal levels of proliferation, a recognized hallmark in tumorigenesis. Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) of endogenous nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), a key metabolic coenzyme, offers a non-invasive, diagnostic indicator of disease progression, and treatment response. The model-independent phasor analysis approach leverages FLIM to rapidly evaluate cancer metabolism in response to targeted therapy. AIM We combined lifetime and phasor FLIM analysis to evaluate the influence of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) inhibition, a prevalent cancer biomarker, on both nuclear and cytoplasmic NAD(P)H of two squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cultures. While better established, the standard lifetime analysis approach is relatively slow and potentially subject to intrinsic fitting errors and model assumptions. Phasor FLIM analysis offers a rapid, model-independent alternative, but the sensitivity of the bound NAD(P)H fraction to growth factor signaling must also be firmly established. APPROACH Two SCC cultures with low- and high-HER2 expression, were imaged using multiphoton-excited NAD(P)H FLIM, with and without treatment of the HER2 inhibitor AG825. Cells were challenged with mitochondrial inhibition and uncoupling to investigate AG825's impact on the overall metabolic capacity. Phasor FLIM and lifetime fitting analyses were compared within nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments to investigate epigenetic and metabolic impacts of HER2 inhibition. RESULTS NAD(P)H fluorescence lifetime and bound fraction consistently decreased following HER2 inhibition in both cell lines. High-HER2 SCC74B cells displayed a more significant response than low-HER2 SCC74A in both techniques. HER2 inhibition induced greater changes in nuclear than cytoplasmic compartments, leading to an increase in NAD(P)H intensity and concentration. CONCLUSIONS The use of both, complementary FLIM analysis techniques together with quantitative fluorescence intensity revealed consistent, quantitative changes in NAD(P)H metabolism associated with inhibition of growth factor signaling in SCC cell lines. HER2 inhibition promoted increased reliance on oxidative phosphorylation in both cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan L. Pham
- Creighton University, Department of Physics, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
| | | | - Molly S. Myers
- Creighton University, Department of Physics, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
| | - Dominick M. Myers
- Creighton University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
| | - Laura A. Hansen
- Creighton University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
| | - Michael G. Nichols
- Creighton University, Department of Physics, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
- Creighton University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
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18
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Rodimova SA, Kuznetsova DS, Bobrov NV, Gulin AA, Vasin AA, Gubina MV, Scheslavsky VI, Elagin VV, Karabut MM, Zagainov VE, Zagaynova EV. Multiphoton Microscopy and Mass Spectrometry for Revealing Metabolic Heterogeneity of Hepatocytes in vivo. Sovrem Tekhnologii Med 2021; 13:18-29. [PMID: 34513073 PMCID: PMC8353720 DOI: 10.17691/stm2021.13.2.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the investigation was to study the possibility of revealing the heterogeneity of normal liver hepatocytes in terms of metabolic status using the modern methods of multiphoton microscopy and mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Rodimova
- Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia; PhD Student, Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, 23 Prospekt Gagarina, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
| | - D S Kuznetsova
- Researcher, Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
| | - N V Bobrov
- Assistant, Department of Theoretical Surgery and Transplantology, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia; Surgeon, Oncology Department, Volga District Medical Centre of Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia, 14 Ilyinskaya St., Nizhny Novgorod, 603109, Russia
| | - A A Gulin
- Senior Researcher, Acting Head of the Laboratory of Biophotonics, N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina St., Moscow, 119991, Russia; Researcher, Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Leninskiye Gory, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - A A Vasin
- Research Engineer, Laboratory of Nanophotonics, N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina St., Moscow, 119991, Russia; Student, Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Leninskiye Gory, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - M V Gubina
- Research Engineer, Laboratory of Nanophotonics, N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina St., Moscow, 119991, Russia; Student, Phystech School of Electronics, Photonics and Molecular Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), 9 Institutskiy per., Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia
| | - V I Scheslavsky
- Senior Researcher, Becker & Hickl, GmbH, Nunsdorfer Ring 7-9, Berlin, 12277, Germany; Head of the Laboratory of High-Resolution Microscopy, Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
| | - V V Elagin
- Researcher, Laboratory of High-Resolution Microscopy, Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
| | - M M Karabut
- Researcher, Laboratory of Genomics and Adaptive Antitumor Immunity, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
| | - V E Zagainov
- Head of the Department of Theoretical Surgery and Transplantology, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia; Chief Specialist in Surgery, Volga District Medical Centre of Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia, 14 Ilyinskaya St., Nizhny Novgorod, 603109, Russia
| | - E V Zagaynova
- Rector, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, 23 Prospekt Gagarina, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia; Senior Researcher, Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
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19
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Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging as a Noninvasive Tool to Study Plasmodium Falciparum Metabolism. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 34028724 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1402-0_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) measures the characteristic time that a molecule remains in an excited state prior to emitting a photon and returning to the ground state. It is a state-of-the-art and noninvasive technique that has the potential to obtain signature physiological information during malaria blood-stage infection. The use of autofluorescence signals from intrinsic fluorophores obviates the need to tag the cells with synthetic molecules or to modify their gene expression. Furthermore, it permits time-lapse interrogation of the changes that occur from invasion to the point when the parasite takes over the host for its own survival mechanisms, as well as changes in the health of the parasite due to extrinsically applied metabolic disruptors. In this chapter, we present a protocol to investigate the autofluorescence lifetime signals of both normal red blood cells (RBC) and P. falciparum-infected RBCs. The data shared with this protocol reveals that there is a significant overall increase in autofluorescence lifetime in infected erythrocytes compared to the healthy uninfected ones. We include a metabolic experiment that confirms that the signals obtained from this imaging technique are key metabolites in energetics of the parasites. Furthermore, facilitating these protocols makes it possible to identify infected RBC based on FLIM signals alone, which presents a huge potential for the study of energetic effects of antimalarials and fast, noninvasive diagnosing.
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20
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Gahm NA, Rueden CT, Evans EL, Selzer G, Hiner MC, Chacko JV, Gao D, Sherer NM, Eliceiri KW. New Extensibility and Scripting Tools in the ImageJ Ecosystem. Curr Protoc 2021; 1:e204. [PMID: 34370407 PMCID: PMC8363112 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
ImageJ provides a framework for image processing across scientific domains while being fully open source. Over the years ImageJ has been substantially extended to support novel applications in scientific imaging as they emerge, particularly in the area of biological microscopy, with functionality made more accessible via the Fiji distribution of ImageJ. Within this software ecosystem, work has been done to extend the accessibility of ImageJ to utilize scripting, macros, and plugins in a variety of programming scenarios, e.g., from Groovy and Python and in Jupyter notebooks and cloud computing. We provide five protocols that demonstrate the extensibility of ImageJ for various workflows in image processing. We focus first on Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (FLIM) data, since this requires significant processing to provide quantitative insights into the microenvironments of cells. Second, we show how ImageJ can now be utilized for common image processing techniques, specifically image deconvolution and inversion, while highlighting the new, built-in features of ImageJ-particularly its capacity to run completely headless and the Ops matching feature that selects the optimal algorithm for a given function and data input, thereby enabling processing speedup. Collectively, these protocols can be used as a basis for automating biological image processing workflows. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Using PyImageJ for FLIM data processing Alternate Protocol: Groovy FLIMJ in Jupyter Notebooks Basic Protocol 2: Using ImageJ Ops for image deconvolution Support Protocol 1: Using ImageJ Ops matching feature for image inversion Support Protocol 2: Headless ImageJ deconvolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas A Gahm
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation (LOCI), Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Curtis T Rueden
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation (LOCI), Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Edward L Evans
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation (LOCI), Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Gabriel Selzer
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation (LOCI), Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Mark C Hiner
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation (LOCI), Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Jenu V Chacko
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation (LOCI), Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Dasong Gao
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation (LOCI), Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Nathan M Sherer
- Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Kevin W Eliceiri
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation (LOCI), Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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21
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Perottoni S, Neto NGB, Di Nitto C, Dmitriev RI, Raimondi MT, Monaghan MG. Intracellular label-free detection of mesenchymal stem cell metabolism within a perivascular niche-on-a-chip. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:1395-1408. [PMID: 33605282 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc01034k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The stem cell niche at the perivascular space in human tissue plays a pivotal role in dictating the overall fate of stem cells within it. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in particular, experience influential microenvironmental conditions, which induce specific metabolic profiles that affect processes of cell differentiation and dysregulation of the immunomodulatory function. Reports focusing specifically on the metabolic status of MSCs under the effect of pathophysiological stimuli - in terms of flow velocities, shear stresses or oxygen tension - do not model heterogeneous gradients, highlighting the need for more advanced models reproducing the metabolic niche. Organ-on-a-chip technology offers the most advanced tools for stem cell niche modelling thus allowing for controlled dynamic culture conditions while profiling tuneable oxygen tension gradients. However, current systems for live cell detection of metabolic activity inside microfluidic devices require the integration of microsensors. The presence of such microsensors poses the potential to alter microfluidics and their resolution does not enable intracellular measurements but rather a global representation concerning cellular metabolism. Here, we present a metabolic toolbox coupling a miniaturised in vitro system for human-MSCs dynamic culture, which mimics microenvironmental conditions of the perivascular niche, with high-resolution imaging of cell metabolism. Using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) we monitor the spatial metabolic machinery and correlate it with experimentally validated intracellular oxygen concentration after designing the oxygen tension decay along the fluidic chamber by in silico models prediction. Our platform allows the metabolic regulation of MSCs, mimicking the physiological niche in space and time, and its real-time monitoring representing a functional tool for modelling perivascular niches, relevant diseases and metabolic-related uptake of pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Perottoni
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32 - 20133 Milan, Italy.
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22
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Zbinden A, Carvajal Berrio DA, Urbanczyk M, Layland SL, Bosch M, Fliri S, Lu CE, Jeyagaran A, Loskill P, Duffy GP, Schenke-Layland K. Fluorescence lifetime metabolic mapping of hypoxia-induced damage in pancreatic pseudo-islets. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e202000375. [PMID: 33026180 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic islet isolation from donor pancreases is an essential step for the transplantation of insulin-secreting β-cells as a therapy to treat type 1 diabetes mellitus. This process however damages islet basement membranes, which can lead to islet dysfunction or death. Posttransplantation, islets are further stressed by a hypoxic environment and immune reactions that cause poor engraftment and graft failure. The current standards to assess islet quality before transplantation are destructive procedures, performed on a small islet population that does not reflect the heterogeneity of large isolated islet batches. In this study, we incorporated fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) into a pancreas-on-chip system to establish a protocol to noninvasively assess the viability and functionality of pancreatic β-cells in a three-dimensional in vitro model (= pseudo-islets). We demonstrate how (pre-) hypoxic β-cell-composed pseudo-islets can be discriminated from healthy functional pseudo-islets according to their FLIM-based metabolic profiles. The use of FLIM during the pretransplantation pancreatic islet selection process has the potential to improve the outcome of β-cell islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Zbinden
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniel A Carvajal Berrio
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Max Urbanczyk
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Shannon L Layland
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mariella Bosch
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sandro Fliri
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Chuan-En Lu
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Abiramy Jeyagaran
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Loskill
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Fraunhofer IGB, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Garry P Duffy
- Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Katja Schenke-Layland
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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23
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Kröger M, Scheffel J, Nikolaev VV, Shirshin EA, Siebenhaar F, Schleusener J, Lademann J, Maurer M, Darvin ME. In vivo non-invasive staining-free visualization of dermal mast cells in healthy, allergy and mastocytosis humans using two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14930. [PMID: 32913196 PMCID: PMC7484787 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71901-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are multifunctional cells of the immune system and are found in skin and all major tissues of the body. They contribute to the pathology of several diseases including urticaria, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis and mastocytosis where they are increased at lesional sites. Histomorphometric analysis of skin biopsies serves as a routine method for the assessment of MC numbers and their activation status, which comes with major limitations. As of now, non-invasive techniques to study MCs in vivo are not available. Here, we describe a label-free imaging technique to visualize MCs and their activation status in the human papillary dermis in vivo. This technique uses two-photon excited fluorescence lifetime imaging (TPE-FLIM) signatures, which are different for MCs and other dermal components. TPE-FLIM allows for the visualization and quantification of dermal MCs in healthy subjects and patients with skin diseases. Moreover, TPE-FLIM can differentiate between two MC populations in the papillary dermis in vivo-resting and activated MCs with a sensitivity of 0.81 and 0.87 and a specificity of 0.85 and 0.84, respectively. Results obtained on healthy volunteers and allergy and mastocytosis patients indicate the existence of other MC subpopulations within known resting and activated MC populations. The developed method may become an important tool for non-invasive in vivo diagnostics and therapy control in dermatology and immunology, which will help to better understand pathomechanisms involving MC accumulation, activation and degranulation and to characterize the effects of therapies that target MCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Kröger
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Scheffel
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Viktor V Nikolaev
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Faculty of Physics, Tomsk State University, Lenin Ave. 36, 634050, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Evgeny A Shirshin
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1/2, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Frank Siebenhaar
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Schleusener
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Lademann
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Maurer
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maxim E Darvin
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
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24
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Rodimova S, Kuznetsova D, Bobrov N, Elagin V, Shcheslavskiy V, Zagainov V, Zagaynova E. Mapping metabolism of liver tissue using two-photon FLIM. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:4458-4470. [PMID: 32923056 PMCID: PMC7449714 DOI: 10.1364/boe.398020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Although fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) has been extensively applied to study cellular metabolism in the liver, there is neither an established approach to analyze the data, nor have appropriate protocols been developed to maintain the optical metabolic characteristics in the ex vivo liver tissue sample. Here, we show that a tri-exponential decay fitting model for the fluorescence signal from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(P)H) and the use of ex vivo samples allows the most appropriate processing of the FLIM data. Moreover, we determine the medium that maintains the initial metabolic state of hepatocytes (liver cells), most effectively. Our results should be particularly relevant for the interrogation of liver samples, not only in laboratory research, but also in clinical settings in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Rodimova
- Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky sq., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
- N.I. Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod National Research State University, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - Daria Kuznetsova
- Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky sq., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - Nikolai Bobrov
- Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky sq., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
- The Volga District Medical Centre of Federal Medical and Biological Agency, 14 Ilinskaya, Nizhny Novgorod 603000, Russia
| | - Vadim Elagin
- Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky sq., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - Vladislav Shcheslavskiy
- Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky sq., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
- Becker&Hickl GmbH, Nunsdorfer Ring 7-9, Berlin 12277, Germany
| | - Vladimir Zagainov
- Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky sq., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
- The Volga District Medical Centre of Federal Medical and Biological Agency, 14 Ilinskaya, Nizhny Novgorod 603000, Russia
| | - Elena Zagaynova
- Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky sq., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
- N.I. Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod National Research State University, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
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25
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Ferri G, Tesi M, Massarelli F, Marselli L, Marchetti P, Cardarelli F. Metabolic response of Insulinoma 1E cells to glucose stimulation studied by fluorescence lifetime imaging. FASEB Bioadv 2020; 2:409-418. [PMID: 32676581 PMCID: PMC7354695 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2020-00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A cascade of highly regulated biochemical processes connects glucose stimulation to insulin secretion in specialized cells of mammalian pancreas, the β-cells. Given the importance of this process for systemic glucose homeostasis, noninvasive and fast strategies capable to monitor the response to glucose in living cells are highly desirable. Here, we use the phasor-based approach to Fluorescence Lifetime IMaging (FLIM) microscopy to quantify the ratio between protein-bound and free Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) species in their reduced form (NAD(P)H), and the Insulinoma cell line INS-1E as a β-like cellular model. Phasor-FLIM analysis shows that the bound/free ratio of NAD(P)H species increases upon pulsed glucose stimulation. Such response is impaired by 48-hours preincubation of cells under hyperglycemic conditions. Phasor-FLIM concomitantly monitors the appearance of long-lifetime species (LLS) as characteristic products of hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Tesi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineIslet Cell LaboratoryUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
| | | | - Lorella Marselli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineIslet Cell LaboratoryUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineIslet Cell LaboratoryUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
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26
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Polanco A, Kuang B, Yoon S. Bioprocess Technologies that Preserve the Quality of iPSCs. Trends Biotechnol 2020; 38:1128-1140. [PMID: 32941792 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Large-scale production of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is essential for the treatment of a variety of clinical indications. However, culturing enough iPSCs for clinical applications is problematic due to their sensitive pluripotent state and dependence on a supporting matrix. Developing stem cell bioprocessing strategies that are scalable and meet clinical needs requires incorporating methods that measure and monitor intrinsic markers of cell differentiation state, developmental status, and viability in real time. In addition, proper cell culture modalities that nurture the growth of high-quality stem cells in suspension are critical for industrial scale-up. In this review, we present an overview of cell culture media, suspension modalities, and monitoring techniques that preserve the quality and pluripotency of iPSCs during initiation, expansion, and manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashli Polanco
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Bingyu Kuang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Seongkyu Yoon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA.
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27
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Hung ST, Mukherjee S, Jimenez R. Enrichment of rare events using a multi-parameter high throughput microfluidic droplet sorter. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:834-843. [PMID: 31974539 PMCID: PMC7135947 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00790c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
High information content analysis, enrichment, and selection of rare events from a large population are of great importance in biological and biomedical research. The fluorescence lifetime of a fluorophore, a photophysical property which is independent of and complementary to fluorescence intensity, has been incorporated into various imaging and sensing techniques through microscopy, flow cytometry and droplet microfluidics. However, the throughput of fluorescence lifetime activated droplet sorting is orders of magnitude lower than that of fluorescence activated cell sorting, making it unattractive for applications such as directed evolution of enzymes, despite its highly effective compartmentalization of library members. We developed a microfluidic sorter capable of selecting fluorophores based on fluorescence lifetime and brightness at two excitation and emission colors at a maximum droplet rate of 2.5 kHz. We also present a novel selection strategy for efficiently analyzing and/or enriching rare fluorescent members from a large population which capitalizes on the Poisson distribution of analyte encapsulation into droplets. The effectiveness of the droplet sorter and the new selection strategy are demonstrated by enriching rare populations from a ∼108-member site-directed mutagenesis library of fluorescent proteins expressed in bacteria. This selection strategy can in principle be employed on many droplet sorting platforms, and thus can potentially impact broad areas of science where analysis and enrichment of rare events is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Ting Hung
- JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA.
| | - Srijit Mukherjee
- JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA. and Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Ralph Jimenez
- JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA. and Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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28
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Okkelman IA, Neto N, Papkovsky DB, Monaghan MG, Dmitriev RI. A deeper understanding of intestinal organoid metabolism revealed by combining fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) and extracellular flux analyses. Redox Biol 2020; 30:101420. [PMID: 31935648 PMCID: PMC6957829 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells and the niche in which they reside feature a complex microenvironment with tightly regulated homeostasis, cell-cell interactions and dynamic regulation of metabolism. A significant number of organoid models has been described over the last decade, yet few methodologies can enable single cell level resolution analysis of the stem cell niche metabolic demands, in real-time and without perturbing integrity. Here, we studied the redox metabolism of Lgr5-GFP intestinal organoids by two emerging microscopy approaches based on luminescence lifetime measurement - fluorescence-based FLIM for NAD(P)H, and phosphorescence-based PLIM for real-time oxygenation. We found that exposure of stem (Lgr5-GFP) and differentiated (no GFP) cells to high and low glucose concentrations resulted in measurable shifts in oxygenation and redox status. NAD(P)H-FLIM and O2-PLIM both indicated that at high 'basal' glucose conditions, Lgr5-GFP cells had lower activity of oxidative phosphorylation when compared with cells lacking Lgr5. However, when exposed to low (0.5 mM) glucose, stem cells utilized oxidative metabolism more dynamically than non-stem cells. The high heterogeneity of complex 3D architecture and energy production pathways of Lgr5-GFP organoids were also confirmed by the extracellular flux (XF) analysis. Our data reveals that combined analysis of NAD(P)H-FLIM and organoid oxygenation by PLIM represents promising approach for studying stem cell niche metabolism in a live readout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina A Okkelman
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Bioanalysis, ABCRF, University College Cork, Cavanagh Pharmacy Building, College Road, Cork, T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | - Nuno Neto
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dmitri B Papkovsky
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Bioanalysis, ABCRF, University College Cork, Cavanagh Pharmacy Building, College Road, Cork, T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | - Michael G Monaghan
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research (AMBER) Centre at Trinity College Dublin and Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Ruslan I Dmitriev
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Bioanalysis, ABCRF, University College Cork, Cavanagh Pharmacy Building, College Road, Cork, T12 K8AF, Ireland; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation.
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29
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Wetzker C, Reinhardt K. Distinct metabolic profiles in Drosophila sperm and somatic tissues revealed by two-photon NAD(P)H and FAD autofluorescence lifetime imaging. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19534. [PMID: 31862926 PMCID: PMC6925207 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56067-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic profiles vary across all levels of biological diversity, from cells to taxa. Two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) facilitates metabolic characterisation of biological specimens by assaying the intrinsic autofluorescence of the ubiquitous coenzymes NAD(P)H and FAD. The potential of this method for characterising the diversity of organismal metabolism remains largely untapped. Using FLIM in Drosophila melanogaster, we show tissue-specificity in fluorescence lifetime that reflects variation in redox patterns. In particular, sperm cells exhibited elevated glycolysis relative to other tissues. We also show that sperm metabolism is phenotypically plastic: compared to male-stored sperm, sperm stored in the female's storage organ showed a substantial reduction in the protein-bound FAD lifetime fraction but no change in the NAD(P)H profile. This study represents the first ex vivo investigation of sperm metabolism using FLIM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Wetzker
- Technische Universität Dresden, Faculty Biology, Applied Zoology, D-01069, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Klaus Reinhardt
- Technische Universität Dresden, Faculty Biology, Applied Zoology, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
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30
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Figueiras E, Silvestre OF, Ihalainen TO, Nieder JB. Phasor-assisted nanoscopy reveals differences in the spatial organization of major nuclear lamina proteins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:118530. [PMID: 31415840 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.118530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Phasor-assisted Metal Induced Energy Transfer-Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (MIET-FLIM) nanoscopy is introduced as a powerful tool for functional cell biology research. Thin metal substrates can be used to obtain axial super-resolution via nanoscale distance-dependent MIET from fluorescent dyes towards a nearby metal layer, thereby creating fluorescence lifetime contrast between dyes located at different nanoscale distance from the metal. Such data can be used to achieve axially super-resolved microscopy images, a process known as MIET-FLIM nanoscopy. Suitability of the phasor approach in MIET-FLIM nanoscopy is first demonstrated using nanopatterned substrates, and furthermore applied to characterize the distance distribution of the epithelial basal membrane of a biological cell from the gold substrate. The phasor plot of an entire cell can be used to characterize the full Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) trajectory as a large distance heterogeneity within the sensing range of about 100 nm from the metal surface is present due to the extended shape of cell with curvatures. In contrast, the different proteins of nuclear lamina show strong confinement close to the nuclear envelope in nanoscale. We find the lamin B layer resides in average at shorter distances from the gold surface compared to the lamin A/C layer located in more extended ranges. This and the observed heterogeneity of the protein layer thicknesses suggests that A- and B-type lamins form distinct networks in the nuclear lamina. Our results provide detailed insights for the study of the different roles of lamin proteins in chromatin tethering and nuclear mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edite Figueiras
- Department of Nanophotonics, Ultrafast Bio- and Nanophotonics Group, INL - International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Oscar F Silvestre
- Department of Nanophotonics, Ultrafast Bio- and Nanophotonics Group, INL - International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Teemu O Ihalainen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, BioMediTech, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Jana B Nieder
- Department of Nanophotonics, Ultrafast Bio- and Nanophotonics Group, INL - International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal.
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31
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Piccirillo G, Carvajal Berrio DA, Laurita A, Pepe A, Bochicchio B, Schenke-Layland K, Hinderer S. Controlled and tuneable drug release from electrospun fibers and a non-invasive approach for cytotoxicity testing. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3446. [PMID: 30837604 PMCID: PMC6401126 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40079-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrospinning is an attractive method to generate drug releasing systems. In this work, we encapsulated the cell death-inducing drug Diclofenac (DCF) in an electrospun poly-L-lactide (PLA) scaffold. The scaffold offers a system for a sustained and controlled delivery of the cytotoxic DCF over time making it clinically favourable by achieving a prolonged therapeutic effect. We exposed human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) to the drug-eluting scaffold and employed multiphoton microscopy and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. These methods were suitable for non-invasive and marker-independent assessment of the cytotoxic effects. Released DCF induced changes in cell morphology and glycolytic activity. Furthermore, we showed that drug release can be influenced by adding dimethyl sulfoxide as a co-solvent for electrospinning. Interestingly, without affecting the drug diffusion mechanism, the resulting PLA scaffolds showed altered fibre morphology and enhanced initial DCF burst release. The here described model could represent an interesting way to control the diffusion of encapsulated bio-active molecules and test them using a marker-independent, non-invasive approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Piccirillo
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, 85100, Potenza, Italy
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - D A Carvajal Berrio
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - A Laurita
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - A Pepe
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - B Bochicchio
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - K Schenke-Layland
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Natural and Medical Sciences Institute (NMI) at the University of Tübingen, 72770, Reutlingen, Germany
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S Hinderer
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Natural and Medical Sciences Institute (NMI) at the University of Tübingen, 72770, Reutlingen, Germany.
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32
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Kolenc OI, Quinn KP. Evaluating Cell Metabolism Through Autofluorescence Imaging of NAD(P)H and FAD. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:875-889. [PMID: 29268621 PMCID: PMC6352511 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Optical imaging using the endogenous fluorescence of metabolic cofactors has enabled nondestructive examination of dynamic changes in cell and tissue function both in vitro and in vivo. Quantifying NAD(P)H and FAD fluorescence through an optical redox ratio and fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) provides sensitivity to the relative balance between oxidative phosphorylation and glucose catabolism. Since its introduction decades ago, the use of NAD(P)H imaging has expanded to include applications involving almost every major tissue type and a variety of pathologies. Recent Advances: This review focuses on the use of two-photon excited fluorescence and NAD(P)H fluorescence lifetime techniques in cancer, neuroscience, tissue engineering, and other biomedical applications over the last 5 years. In a variety of cancer models, NAD(P)H fluorescence intensity and lifetime measurements demonstrate a sensitivity to the Warburg effect, suggesting potential for early detection or high-throughput drug screening. The sensitivity to the biosynthetic demands of stem cell differentiation and tissue repair processes indicates the range of applications for this imaging technology may be broad. CRITICAL ISSUES As the number of applications for these fluorescence imaging techniques expand, identifying and characterizing additional intrinsic fluorophores and chromophores present in vivo will be vital to accurately measure and interpret metabolic outcomes. Understanding the full capabilities and limitations of FLIM will also be key to future advances. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Future work is needed to evaluate whether a combination of different biochemical and structural outcomes using these imaging techniques can provide complementary information regarding the utilization of specific metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia I Kolenc
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Kyle P Quinn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
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33
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Chen KL, Liu HT, Yu JH, Tung YH, Chou YS, Yang CC, Wang JS, Shen JL, Chiu KC. Characterization of coumarin-6 polycrystalline films growth from vacuum deposition at various substrate temperatures. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16740. [PMID: 30425267 PMCID: PMC6233150 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34813-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Coumarin-6 polycrystalline films were fabricated from vacuum deposition at various substrate temperatures Tsub from 106 to 178 °C with a fixed source temperature of 185 °C. Because of its slenderer and more asymmetric structure, the adhered coumarin-6 molecule on top of the growing interface encounters a larger steric energetic barrier of 0.92 eV as estimated from the Arrhenius plot of growth rate versus 1/Tsub. From top-view SEM pictures, the as-deposited coumarin-6 thin films exhibit a twisted pattern and a kinematic roughness for Tsub < 150 °C; while clear facets emerge for Tsub ≥ 150 °C due to the increase of surface diffusion energy of the adhered molecules. From XRD analysis, besides the confirmation of the triclinic structure two anomalous peaks observed at 2θ ~ 9.007° and 7.260° are explained due to the co-existence of N- and S-coumarin-6-isomers within the crystalline grains. Furthermore, for coumarin-6 polycrystalline films deposited at Tsub = 150 °C with high crystallinity of the constituent grains, the bandgap determined from optical transmission is around 2.392 eV; and from photoluminescence spectra, the fitted four emission components are assigned to the Frenkel and charge transfer excitons recombination with participation of molecular vibrational states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko-Lun Chen
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli District, Taoyuan City, 32023, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ting Liu
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli District, Taoyuan City, 32023, Taiwan
| | - Jang-Hung Yu
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli District, Taoyuan City, 32023, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsiang Tung
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli District, Taoyuan City, 32023, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Syuan Chou
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli District, Taoyuan City, 32023, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chuen Yang
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli District, Taoyuan City, 32023, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Shyang Wang
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli District, Taoyuan City, 32023, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Lin Shen
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli District, Taoyuan City, 32023, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Cheng Chiu
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli District, Taoyuan City, 32023, Taiwan.
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34
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Alturkistany F, Nichani K, Houston KD, Houston JP. Fluorescence lifetime shifts of NAD(P)H during apoptosis measured by time-resolved flow cytometry. Cytometry A 2018; 95:70-79. [PMID: 30369063 PMCID: PMC6587805 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Autofluorescence from the intracellular metabolite, NAD(P)H, is a biomarker that is widely used and known to reliably screen and report metabolic activity as well as metabolic fluctuations within cells. As a ubiquitous endogenous fluorophore, NAD(P)H has a unique rate of fluorescence decay that is altered when bound to coenzymes. In this work we measure the shift in the fluorescence decay, or average fluorescence lifetime (1–3 ns), of NAD(P)H and correlate this shift to changes in metabolism that cells undergo during apoptosis. Our measurements are made with a flow cytometer designed specifically for fluorescence lifetime acquisition within the ultraviolet to violet spectrum. Our methods involved culture, treatment, and preparation of cells for cytometry and microscopy measurements. The evaluation we performed included observations and quantification of the changes in endogenous emission owing to the induction of apoptosis as well as changes in the decay kinetics of the emission measured by flow cytometry. Shifts in NAD(P)H fluorescence lifetime were observed as early as 15 min post‐treatment with an apoptosis inducing agent. Results also include a phasor analysis to evaluate free to bound ratios of NAD(P)H at different time points. We defined the free to bound ratios as the ratio of ‘short‐to‐long’ (S/L) fluorescence lifetime, where S/L was found to consistently decrease with an increase in apoptosis. With a quantitative framework such as phasor analysis, the short and long lifetime components of NAD(P)H can be used to map the cycling of free and bound NAD(P)H during the early‐to‐late stages of apoptosis. The combination of lifetime screening and phasor analyses provides the first step in high throughput metabolic profiling of single cells and can be leveraged for screening and sorting for a range of applications in biomedicine. © 2018 The Authors. Cytometry Part A published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kapil Nichani
- Chemical & Materials Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico
| | - Kevin D Houston
- Chemistry & Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico.,Molecular Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico
| | - Jessica P Houston
- Chemical & Materials Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico.,Molecular Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico
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35
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Piccirillo G, Ditaranto MV, Feuerer NFS, Carvajal Berrio DA, Brauchle EM, Pepe A, Bochicchio B, Schenke-Layland K, Hinderer S. Non-invasive characterization of hybrid gelatin:poly-l-lactide electrospun scaffolds using second harmonic generation and multiphoton imaging. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:6399-6412. [PMID: 32254648 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb02026d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid scaffolds composed of synthetic polymers and naturally occurring components have become more relevant in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Synthetic polymers are responsible for scaffold durability, strength and structural integrity; however, often do not provide biological signals. Introducing a biological component leads to more advanced and biocompatible scaffolds. In order to use these scaffolds as implants, a deeper knowledge of material characteristics and the impact of the biological component on the scaffold mechanical properties are required. Furthermore, it is necessary to implement fast, easy and non-invasive methods to determine material characteristics. In this work, we aimed to generate gelatin-poly-l-lactide (PLA) hybrids via electrospinning with defined, controllable and tunable scaffold characteristics. Using Raman microspectroscopy, we demonstrated the effectiveness of the cross-linking reaction and evaluated the increasing PLA content in the hybrid scaffolds with a non-invasive approach. Using multiphoton microscopy, we showed that gelatin fibers electrospun from a fluorinated solvent exhibit a second harmonic generation (SHG) signal typical for collagen-like structures. Compared to pure gelatin, where the SHG signal vanishes after cross-linking, the signal could be preserved in the hybrid scaffolds even after cross-linking. Furthermore, we non-invasively imaged cellular growth of human dermal fibroblasts on the hybrid electrospun scaffolds and performed fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy on the cell-seeded hybrids, where we were able to discriminate between cells and scaffolds. Here, we successfully employed non-invasive methods to evaluate scaffold characteristics and investigate cell-material interactions.
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36
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Jeong S, Hermsmeier M, Osseiran S, Yamamoto A, Nagavarapu U, Chan KF, Evans CL. Visualization of drug distribution of a topical minocycline gel in human facial skin. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:3434-3448. [PMID: 29984108 PMCID: PMC6033575 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.003434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is a common chronic skin disease in young adults caused by infection of the pilosebaceous unit, resulting in pimples and possibly permanent scarring on the skin. Minocycline, a common antibiotic, has been widely utilized as a systemic antimicrobial treatment for acne via oral administration. Recently, a topical minocycline gel (BPX-01) was developed to directly deliver minocycline through the epidermis and into the pilosebaceous unit to achieve localized treatment with lower doses of drug. As the effectiveness of the drug is directly related to its successful delivery, there is a need to evaluate the pharmacokinetics at the cellular level within tissue. Advantageously, minocycline is naturally fluorescent and can be directly visualized using microscopy-based approaches. Due to high endogenous autofluorescence, however, imaging of weakly emitting fluorescent molecules such as minocycline in skin tissue can be challenging. Here, we demonstrate a method for the selective visualization of minocycline within human skin tissue by utilizing two-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) microscopy and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). To demonstrate the feasibility of this approach, ex vivo human facial skin samples treated with various concentrations of BPX-01 were investigated. From the TPEF analysis, we were able to visualize relatively high levels of drug uptake within facial skin. However, minocycline fluorescence could be overwhelmed by endogenous fluorescence that complicates TPEF quantitative analysis, making FLIM more advantageous for visualizing drug uptake. Importantly, we found a unique signature of minocycline uptake via FLIM analysis that enabled the successful differentiation of the drug and enabled the extraction of drug local distribution from the endogenous fluorescence using a non-Euclidean phasor analysis method. Based on these results, we believe that the drug local distribution visualization method using TPEF and FLIM with phasor analysis can play an important role in studying the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a topically applicable drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinyoung Jeong
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Maiko Hermsmeier
- BioPharmX, Inc., 1505 Adams Drive, Suite D, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Sam Osseiran
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue E25-519, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Akira Yamamoto
- BioPharmX, Inc., 1505 Adams Drive, Suite D, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Usha Nagavarapu
- BioPharmX, Inc., 1505 Adams Drive, Suite D, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Kin F. Chan
- BioPharmX, Inc., 1505 Adams Drive, Suite D, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Conor L. Evans
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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37
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Evers M, Salma N, Osseiran S, Casper M, Birngruber R, Evans CL, Manstein D. Enhanced quantification of metabolic activity for individual adipocytes by label-free FLIM. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8757. [PMID: 29884881 PMCID: PMC5993796 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27093-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) of intrinsic fluorophores such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) allows for label-free quantification of metabolic activity of individual cells over time and in response to various stimuli, which is not feasible using traditional methods due to their destructive nature and lack of spatial information. This study uses FLIM to measure pharmacologically induced metabolic changes that occur during the browning of white fat. Adipocyte browning increases energy expenditure, making it a desirable prospect for treating obesity and related disorders. Expanding from the traditional two-lifetime model of NADH to a four-lifetime model using exponential fitting and phasor analysis of the fluorescence decay results in superior metabolic assessment compared to traditional FLIM analysis. The four lifetime components can also be mapped to specific cellular compartments to create a novel optical ratio that quantitatively reflects changes in mitochondrial and cytosolic NADH concentrations and binding states. This widely applicable approach constitutes a powerful tool for studies where monitoring cellular metabolism is of key interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Evers
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA. .,Institute of Biomedical Optics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, 23562, Germany.
| | - Nunciada Salma
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Sam Osseiran
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Malte Casper
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Institute of Biomedical Optics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, 23562, Germany
| | - Reginald Birngruber
- Institute of Biomedical Optics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, 23562, Germany
| | - Conor L Evans
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Dieter Manstein
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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38
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Le Marois A, Suhling K. Quantitative Live Cell FLIM Imaging in Three Dimensions. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1035:31-48. [PMID: 29080129 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-67358-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In this chapter, the concept of fluorescence lifetime and its utility in quantitative live cell imaging will be introduced, along with methods to record and analyze FLIM data. Relevant applications in 3D tissue and live cell imaging, including multiplexed FLIM detection, will also be detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alix Le Marois
- Department of Physics, King's College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Klaus Suhling
- Department of Physics, King's College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, UK.
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39
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Shen N, Riedl JA, Carvajal Berrio DA, Davis Z, Monaghan MG, Layland SL, Hinderer S, Schenke-Layland K. A flow bioreactor system compatible with real-time two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 13:024101. [PMID: 29148433 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aa9b3c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bioreactors are essential cell and tissue culture tools that allow the introduction of biophysical signals into in vitro cultures. One major limitation is the need to interrupt experiments and sacrifice samples at certain time points for analyses. To address this issue, we designed a bioreactor that combines high-resolution contact-free imaging and continuous flow in a closed system that is compatible with various types of microscopes. The high throughput fluid flow bioreactor was combined with two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (2P-FLIM) and validated. The hydrodynamics of the bioreactor chamber were characterized using COMSOL. The simulation of shear stress indicated that the bioreactor system provides homogeneous and reproducible flow conditions. The designed bioreactor was used to investigate the effects of low shear stress on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In a scratch assay, we observed decreased migration of HUVECs under shear stress conditions. Furthermore, metabolic activity shifts from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation-dependent mechanisms in HUVECs cultured under low shear stress conditions were detected using 2P-FLIM. Future applications for this bioreactor range from observing cell fate development in real-time to monitoring the environmental effects on cells or metabolic changes due to drug applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Shen
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute of Women's Health, University Hospital of the Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany. Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Stuttgart, Germany
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40
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Osseiran S, Roider EM, Wang H, Suita Y, Murphy M, Fisher DE, Evans CL. Non-Euclidean phasor analysis for quantification of oxidative stress in ex vivo human skin exposed to sun filters using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:1-10. [PMID: 29222855 PMCID: PMC5722918 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.12.125004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Chemical sun filters are commonly used as active ingredients in sunscreens due to their efficient absorption of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Yet, it is known that these compounds can photochemically react with UV light and generate reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress in vitro, though this has yet to be validated in vivo. One label-free approach to probe oxidative stress is to measure and compare the relative endogenous fluorescence generated by cellular coenzymes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides and flavin adenine dinucleotides. However, chemical sun filters are fluorescent, with emissive properties that contaminate endogenous fluorescent signals. To accurately distinguish the source of fluorescence in ex vivo skin samples treated with chemical sun filters, fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy data were processed on a pixel-by-pixel basis using a non-Euclidean separation algorithm based on Mahalanobis distance and validated on simulated data. Applying this method, ex vivo samples exhibited a small oxidative shift when exposed to sun filters alone, though this shift was much smaller than that imparted by UV irradiation. Given the need for investigative tools to further study the clinical impact of chemical sun filters in patients, the reported methodology may be applied to visualize chemical sun filters and measure oxidative stress in patients' skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Osseiran
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Elisabeth M. Roider
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Hequn Wang
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Yusuke Suita
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Michael Murphy
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - David E. Fisher
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Conor L. Evans
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Conor L. Evans, E-mail:
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41
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Fitzgerald JC, Zimprich A, Carvajal Berrio DA, Schindler KM, Maurer B, Schulte C, Bus C, Hauser AK, Kübler M, Lewin R, Bobbili DR, Schwarz LM, Vartholomaiou E, Brockmann K, Wüst R, Madlung J, Nordheim A, Riess O, Martins LM, Glaab E, May P, Schenke-Layland K, Picard D, Sharma M, Gasser T, Krüger R. Metformin reverses TRAP1 mutation-associated alterations in mitochondrial function in Parkinson's disease. Brain 2017; 140:2444-2459. [PMID: 29050400 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awx202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial proteins TRAP1 and HTRA2 have previously been shown to be phosphorylated in the presence of the Parkinson's disease kinase PINK1 but the downstream signalling is unknown. HTRA2 and PINK1 loss of function causes parkinsonism in humans and animals. Here, we identified TRAP1 as an interactor of HTRA2 using an unbiased mass spectrometry approach. In our human cell models, TRAP1 overexpression is protective, rescuing HTRA2 and PINK1-associated mitochondrial dysfunction and suggesting that TRAP1 acts downstream of HTRA2 and PINK1. HTRA2 regulates TRAP1 protein levels, but TRAP1 is not a direct target of HTRA2 protease activity. Following genetic screening of Parkinson's disease patients and healthy controls, we also report the first TRAP1 mutation leading to complete loss of functional protein in a patient with late onset Parkinson's disease. Analysis of fibroblasts derived from the patient reveal that oxygen consumption, ATP output and reactive oxygen species are increased compared to healthy individuals. This is coupled with an increased pool of free NADH, increased mitochondrial biogenesis, triggering of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and sensitivity to mitochondrial removal and apoptosis. These data highlight the role of TRAP1 in the regulation of energy metabolism and mitochondrial quality control. Interestingly, the diabetes drug metformin reverses mutation-associated alterations on energy metabolism, mitochondrial biogenesis and restores mitochondrial membrane potential. In summary, our data show that TRAP1 acts downstream of PINK1 and HTRA2 for mitochondrial fine tuning, whereas TRAP1 loss of function leads to reduced control of energy metabolism, ultimately impacting mitochondrial membrane potential. These findings offer new insight into mitochondrial pathologies in Parkinson's disease and provide new prospects for targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia C Fitzgerald
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen and German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Daniel A Carvajal Berrio
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kevin M Schindler
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen and German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany.,University of Tübingen, Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Brigitte Maurer
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen and German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Schulte
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen and German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christine Bus
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen and German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anne-Kathrin Hauser
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen and German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Manuela Kübler
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen and German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rahel Lewin
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen and German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dheeraj Reddy Bobbili
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Lisa M Schwarz
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen and German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany.,Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience, International Max Planck Research School, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Kathrin Brockmann
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen and German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Richard Wüst
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen and German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapie, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Madlung
- University of Tübingen, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, Proteome Center Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alfred Nordheim
- University of Tübingen, Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Unit of Molecular Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Olaf Riess
- University of Tübingen, Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Enrico Glaab
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Patrick May
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Katja Schenke-Layland
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB Stuttgart, Germany.,Department of Medicine/ Cardiology, CVRL, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Didier Picard
- University of Geneva, Department of Cell Biology, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Manu Sharma
- Centre for Genetic Epidemiology, Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Gasser
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen and German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rejko Krüger
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen and German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany.,Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Parkinson Research Clinic, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg (CHL), Luxembourg
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