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Jaarsveld S, Mulders P, Tendolkar I, van Eijndhoven P. Structural Changes in Depressed Patients Directly After Treatment With Electroconvulsive Therapy and 3 Months Later. J ECT 2024; 40:177-185. [PMID: 38194500 DOI: 10.1097/yct.0000000000000985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It is assumed that neuroplasticity plays a central role in the effect of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) on patients with major depressive disorder. We carried out an explorative study to map out the extent in which gray matter volume changes could be found directly after ECT treatment and after follow-up. METHODS Initially, 12 patients with treatment-resistant depression were recruited from the Radboud Medical Center. Magnetic resonance imaging scans were conducted at the following 3 time points: before ECT (n = 12), after ECT (n = 10), and at 3-month follow-up (n = 8). Subcortical volume, hippocampal subfield volume, and cortical thickness were analyzed using FreeSurfer. RESULTS The extensive, generalized changes in gray matter volume are largely transient after treatment with ECT, with the noted exceptions being a sustained increase in volume of the right amygdala and a part of the left cornu ammonis. Post hoc testing revealed no significant correlation with clinical response. DISCUSSION Our results suggest that the neuroplastic effects of ECT may not be mediators of clinical response and could be transient epiphenomena.
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Khadka N, Deng ZD, Lisanby SH, Bikson M, Camprodon JA. Computational Models of High-Definition Electroconvulsive Therapy for Focal or Multitargeting Treatment. J ECT 2024:00124509-990000000-00211. [PMID: 39185880 DOI: 10.1097/yct.0000000000001069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Attempts to dissociate electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) therapeutic efficacy from cognitive side effects of ECT include modifying electrode placement, but traditional electrode placements employing 2 large electrodes are inherently nonfocal, limiting the ability to selectively engage targets associated with clinical benefit while avoiding nontargets associated with adverse side effects. Limited focality represents a technical limitation of conventional ECT, and there is growing evidence that the spatial distribution of the ECT electric fields induced in the brain drives efficacy and side effects. Computational models can be used to predict brain current flow patterns for existing and novel ECT montages. Using finite element method simulations (under quasi-static, nonadaptive assumptions, 800-mA total current), the electric fields generated in the superficial cortex and subcortical structures were predicted for the following traditional ECT montages (bilateral temporal, bifrontal, right unilateral) and experimental montages (focal electrically administered seizure therapy, lateralized high-definition [HD]-ECT, unilateral 4 × 1-ring HD-ECT, bilateral 4 × 1-ring HD-ECT, and a multipolar HD-ECT). Peak brain current density in regions of interest was quantified. Conventional montages (bilateral bifrontal, right unilateral) each produce distinct but diffuse and deep current flow. Focal electrically administered seizure therapy and lateralized HD-ECT produce unique, lateralized current flow, also impacting specific deep regions. A 4 × 1-ring HD-ECT restricts current flow to 1 (unilateral) or 2 (bilateral) cortical regions. Multipolar HD-ECT shows optimization to a specific target set. Future clinical trials are needed to determine whether enhanced control over current distribution is achieved with these experimental montages, and the resultant seizures, improve the risk/benefit ratio of ECT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niranjan Khadka
- From the Division of Neuropsychiatry and Neuromodulation, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Zhi-De Deng
- Noninvasive Neuromodulation Unit, Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Sarah H Lisanby
- Noninvasive Neuromodulation Unit, Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Marom Bikson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, CUNY, NY
| | - Joan A Camprodon
- From the Division of Neuropsychiatry and Neuromodulation, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Hu X, Cheng B, Tang Y, Long T, Huang Y, Li P, Song Y, Song X, Li K, Yin Y, Chen X. Gray matter volume and corresponding covariance connectivity are biomarkers for major depressive disorder. Brain Res 2024; 1837:148986. [PMID: 38714227 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
The major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common and severe mental disorder. To identify a reliable biomarker for MDD is important for early diagnosis and prevention. Given easy access and high reproducibility, the structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) is an ideal method to identify the biomarker for depression. In this study, sMRI data of first episode, treatment-naïve 66 MDD patients and 54 sex-, age-, and education-matched healthy controls (HC) were used to identify the differences in gray matter volume (GMV), group-level, individual-level covariance connections. Finally, the abnormal GMV and individual covariance connections were applied to classify MDD from HC. MDD patients showed higher GMV in middle occipital gyrus (MOG) and precuneus (PCun), and higher structural covariance connections between MOG and PCun. In addition, the Allen Human Brain Atlas (AHBA) was applied and revealed the genetic basis for the changes of gray matter volume. Importantly, we reported that GMV in MOG, PCun and structural covariance connectivity between MOG and PCun are able to discriminate MDD from HC. Our results revealed structural underpinnings for MDD, which may contribute towards early discriminating for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bochao Cheng
- Department of Radiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuying Tang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tong Long
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Pei Li
- Department of Radiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yu Song
- Department of Radiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiyang Song
- Department of Radiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Kun Li
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yijie Yin
- School of Sociality and Psychology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xijian Chen
- Department of Radiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Gbyl K, Labanauskas V, Lundsgaard CC, Mathiassen A, Ryszczuk A, Siebner HR, Rostrup E, Madsen K, Videbech P. Electroconvulsive therapy disrupts functional connectivity between hippocampus and posterior default mode network. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 132:110981. [PMID: 38373628 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.110981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms underlying memory deficits after electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) remain unclear but altered functional interactions between hippocampus and neocortex may play a role. OBJECTIVES To test whether ECT reduces functional connectivity between hippocampus and posterior regions of the default mode network (DMN) and to examine whether altered hippocampal-neocortical functional connectivity correlates with memory impairment. A secondary aim was to explore if these connectivity changes are present 6 months after ECT. METHODS In-patients with severe depression (n = 35) received bitemporal ECT. Functional connectivity of the hippocampus was probed with resting-state fMRI before the first ECT-session, after the end of ECT, and at a six-month follow-up. Memory was assessed with the Verbal Learning Test - Delayed Recall. Seed-based connectivity analyses established connectivity of four hippocampal seeds, covering the anterior and posterior parts of the right and left hippocampus. RESULTS Compared to baseline, three of four hippocampal seeds became less connected to the core nodes of the posterior DMN in the week after ECT with Cohen's d ranging from -0.9 to -1.1. At the group level, patients showed post-ECT memory impairment, but individual changes in delayed recall were not correlated with the reduction in hippocampus-DMN connectivity. At six-month follow-up, no significant hippocampus-DMN reductions in connectivity were evident relative to pre-ECT, and memory scores had returned to baseline. CONCLUSION ECT leads to a temporary disruption of functional hippocampus-DMN connectivity in patients with severe depression, but the change in connectivity strength is not related to the individual memory impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Gbyl
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Depression Research, Mental Health Center Glostrup, Mental Health Services of the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Vytautas Labanauskas
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Christoffer Cramer Lundsgaard
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Depression Research, Mental Health Center Glostrup, Mental Health Services of the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - André Mathiassen
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Depression Research, Mental Health Center Glostrup, Mental Health Services of the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Adam Ryszczuk
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Hartwig Roman Siebner
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Egill Rostrup
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Center Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer Madsen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Denmark; Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Poul Videbech
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Depression Research, Mental Health Center Glostrup, Mental Health Services of the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Stuiver S, Pottkämper JCM, Verdijk JPAJ, Ten Doesschate F, Aalbregt E, van Putten MJAM, Hofmeijer J, van Waarde JA. Cortical excitation/inhibition ratios in patients with major depression treated with electroconvulsive therapy: an EEG analysis. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024; 274:793-802. [PMID: 37947826 PMCID: PMC11127883 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01708-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for major depression, but its working mechanisms are poorly understood. Modulation of excitation/inhibition (E/I) ratios may be a driving factor. Here, we estimate cortical E/I ratios in depressed patients and study whether these ratios change over the course of ECT in relation to clinical effectiveness. Five-minute resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) recordings of 28 depressed patients were recorded before and after their ECT course. Using a novel method based on critical dynamics, functional E/I (fE/I) ratios in the frequency range of 0.5-30 Hz were estimated in frequency bins of 1 Hz for the whole brain and for pre-defined brain regions. Change in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) score was used to estimate clinical effectiveness. To account for test-retest variability, repeated EEG recordings from an independent sample of 31 healthy controls (HC) were included. At baseline, no differences in whole brain and regional fE/I ratios were found between patients and HC. At group level, whole brain and regional fE/I ratios did not change over the ECT course. However, in responders, frontal fE/I ratios in the frequencies 12-28 Hz increased significantly (pFDR < 0.05 [FDR = false discovery rate]) over the ECT course. In non-responders and HC, no changes occurred over time. In this sample, frontal fE/I ratios increased over the ECT course in relation to treatment response. Modulation of frontal fE/I ratios may be an important mechanism of action of ECT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Stuiver
- Technical Medical Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Twente, Hallenweg 15, 7522NB, Enschede, The Netherlands.
- Department of Psychiatry, Rijnstate Hospital, Wagnerlaan 55, P.O. Box 9555, 6815AD, Arnhem, The Netherlands.
| | - Julia C M Pottkämper
- Technical Medical Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Twente, Hallenweg 15, 7522NB, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Rijnstate Hospital, Wagnerlaan 55, P.O. Box 9555, 6815AD, Arnhem, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Rijnstate Hospital, Wagnerlaan 55, 6815AD, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Joey P A J Verdijk
- Technical Medical Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Twente, Hallenweg 15, 7522NB, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Rijnstate Hospital, Wagnerlaan 55, P.O. Box 9555, 6815AD, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Freek Ten Doesschate
- Department of Psychiatry, Rijnstate Hospital, Wagnerlaan 55, P.O. Box 9555, 6815AD, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Aalbregt
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC Location Vumc, Boelelaan 1108, 1081HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michel J A M van Putten
- Technical Medical Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Twente, Hallenweg 15, 7522NB, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jeannette Hofmeijer
- Technical Medical Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Twente, Hallenweg 15, 7522NB, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Rijnstate Hospital, Wagnerlaan 55, 6815AD, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen A van Waarde
- Department of Psychiatry, Rijnstate Hospital, Wagnerlaan 55, P.O. Box 9555, 6815AD, Arnhem, The Netherlands
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Schreiner JE, Kessler U, Oedegaard KJ, Mardal KA, Oltedal L. Exploring New Electroencephalogram Parameters in Electroconvulsive Therapy. J ECT 2024; 40:20-30. [PMID: 37310067 DOI: 10.1097/yct.0000000000000930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This pilot study aims to evaluate a novel metric based on the power spectrum of the EEG recordings from ECT-induced seizures-its association to volume changes in the hippocampus after ECT and improvement in depression rating scores. METHODS Depressed patients treated with ECT underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging before and after treatment and the EEG from each seizure was recorded (N = 29). Hippocampal volume changes and EEG parameters were recorded in addition to clinician-rated and self-reported measures of depressive symptoms. The slope of the power law in the power spectral density of the EEG was calculated. Multivariate linear models relating seizure parameters to volume change or clinical outcome were systematically and successively simplified. The best models were selected according to Akaike information criterion. RESULTS The slope of the power law was steeper in the right than the left hemisphere (P < 0.001). Electroencephalogram measures were included in the best models of volume change for both hippocampi as well as in the models explaining clinical outcome ( P = 0.014, P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS In this pilot study, novel EEG measures were explored and contributed in models explaining the variation in volume change in the hippocampus and in clinical outcome after ECT.
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Bruin WB, Oltedal L, Bartsch H, Abbott C, Argyelan M, Barbour T, Camprodon J, Chowdhury S, Espinoza R, Mulders P, Narr K, Oudega M, Rhebergen D, Ten Doesschate F, Tendolkar I, van Eijndhoven P, van Exel E, van Verseveld M, Wade B, van Waarde J, Zhutovsky P, Dols A, van Wingen G. Development and validation of a multimodal neuroimaging biomarker for electroconvulsive therapy outcome in depression: a multicenter machine learning analysis. Psychol Med 2024; 54:495-506. [PMID: 37485692 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723002040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the most effective intervention for patients with treatment resistant depression. A clinical decision support tool could guide patient selection to improve the overall response rate and avoid ineffective treatments with adverse effects. Initial small-scale, monocenter studies indicate that both structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) and functional MRI (fMRI) biomarkers may predict ECT outcome, but it is not known whether those results can generalize to data from other centers. The objective of this study was to develop and validate neuroimaging biomarkers for ECT outcome in a multicenter setting. METHODS Multimodal data (i.e. clinical, sMRI and resting-state fMRI) were collected from seven centers of the Global ECT-MRI Research Collaboration (GEMRIC). We used data from 189 depressed patients to evaluate which data modalities or combinations thereof could provide the best predictions for treatment remission (HAM-D score ⩽7) using a support vector machine classifier. RESULTS Remission classification using a combination of gray matter volume and functional connectivity led to good performing models with average 0.82-0.83 area under the curve (AUC) when trained and tested on samples coming from the three largest centers (N = 109), and remained acceptable when validated using leave-one-site-out cross-validation (0.70-0.73 AUC). CONCLUSIONS These results show that multimodal neuroimaging data can be used to predict remission with ECT for individual patients across different treatment centers, despite significant variability in clinical characteristics across centers. Future development of a clinical decision support tool applying these biomarkers may be feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem Benjamin Bruin
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leif Oltedal
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hauke Bartsch
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Christopher Abbott
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Miklos Argyelan
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
| | - Tracy Barbour
- Division of Neuropsychiatry and Neuromodulation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School. Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joan Camprodon
- Division of Neuropsychiatry and Neuromodulation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School. Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samadrita Chowdhury
- Division of Neuropsychiatry and Neuromodulation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School. Boston, MA, USA
| | - Randall Espinoza
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Peter Mulders
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Katherine Narr
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Departments of Neurology, and Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Mardien Oudega
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, GGZinGeest, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Didi Rhebergen
- Mental Health Institute GGZ Centraal, Amersfoort; Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Freek Ten Doesschate
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Rijnstate, Department of Psychiatry, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Indira Tendolkar
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Philip van Eijndhoven
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Eric van Exel
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, GGZinGeest, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Benjamin Wade
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Department of Neurology, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | | | - Paul Zhutovsky
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annemiek Dols
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, GGZinGeest, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Guido van Wingen
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Hashimoto T, Hotta R, Kawashima R. Enhanced memory and hippocampal connectivity in humans 2 days after brief resistance exercise. Brain Behav 2024; 14:e3436. [PMID: 38383042 PMCID: PMC10881282 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exercise has significant health benefits and can enhance learning. A single bout of high-intensity resistance training may be sufficient to improve memory. This study aimed to assess memory enhancement by a single bout of high-intensity resistance training and to examine the neural underpinnings using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS Sixty young adults (34 men and 26 women), divided into the training and control groups, participated. The first session included verbal memory recall tests (cued- and free-recall), resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI), and a single-bout high-intensity resistance training for the training group. Two days later, they underwent post-intervention memory tests and rs-fMRI. The study design was 2 groups × 2 sessions for memory tests, and within training group comparisons for rs-fMRI. RESULTS Compared to the control group without resistance training, the training group showed higher cued-recall performance 2 days after the brief resistance training (training: +0.27, control: -0.13, interaction: p = .01), and their free-recall scores were associated with enhanced left posterior hippocampal connectivity (r = .64, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that brief high-intensity resistance exercise/strength training could enhance memory without repeated exercising. The quick effect of resistance training on memory and hippocampal connectivity could be revealed. A focused and one-shot exercise may be sufficient to enhance memory performance and neural plasticity in a few days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruo Hashimoto
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute Development, Aging and CancerTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
| | | | - Ryuta Kawashima
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute Development, Aging and CancerTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
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Deng ZD, Robins PL, Regenold W, Rohde P, Dannhauer M, Lisanby SH. How electroconvulsive therapy works in the treatment of depression: is it the seizure, the electricity, or both? Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:150-162. [PMID: 37488281 PMCID: PMC10700353 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01677-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
We have known for nearly a century that triggering seizures can treat serious mental illness, but what we do not know is why. Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) works faster and better than conventional pharmacological interventions; however, those benefits come with a burden of side effects, most notably memory loss. Disentangling the mechanisms by which ECT exerts rapid therapeutic benefit from the mechanisms driving adverse effects could enable the development of the next generation of seizure therapies that lack the downside of ECT. The latest research suggests that this goal may be attainable because modifications of ECT technique have already yielded improvements in cognitive outcomes without sacrificing efficacy. These modifications involve changes in how the electricity is administered (both where in the brain, and how much), which in turn impacts the characteristics of the resulting seizure. What we do not completely understand is whether it is the changes in the applied electricity, or in the resulting seizure, or both, that are responsible for improved safety. Answering this question may be key to developing the next generation of seizure therapies that lack these adverse side effects, and ushering in novel interventions that are better, faster, and safer than ECT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-De Deng
- Noninvasive Neuromodulation Unit, Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pei L Robins
- Noninvasive Neuromodulation Unit, Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - William Regenold
- Noninvasive Neuromodulation Unit, Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paul Rohde
- Noninvasive Neuromodulation Unit, Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Moritz Dannhauer
- Noninvasive Neuromodulation Unit, Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sarah H Lisanby
- Noninvasive Neuromodulation Unit, Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Han KY, Wang CM, Du CB, Qiao J, Wang YL, Lv LZ. Treatment outcomes and cognitive function following electroconvulsive therapy in patients with severe depression. World J Psychiatry 2023; 13:949-957. [DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v13.i11.949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional treatments for major depressive disorder (MDD), including medication and therapy, often fail and have undesirable side effects. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) uses electrical currents to induce brief seizures in the brain, resulting in rapid and potent antidepressant effects. However, owing to misconceptions and controversies, ECT is not as widely used as it could and often faces stigmatization.
AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ECT compared to those of medication and/or therapy in patients with severe MDD.
METHODS This prospective cohort study included 220 individuals with severe MDD who were divided into the ECT and non-ECT groups. The patients in the ECT group underwent bilateral ECT three times a wk until they either achieved remission or reached a maximum of 12 sessions. The non-ECT group received medication and/or therapy according to clinical guidelines for MDD. The primary outcome was the variation in the hamilton depression rating scale (HDRS) score from treatment/ECT initiation to week 12. In addition, patients’ quality of life, cognitive abilities, and biomarkers were measured throughout the study.
RESULTS Although both groups showed significant improvements in their HDRS scores over time, the improvement was more pronounced in the ECT group than in the non-ECT group. Additionally, the ECT group exhibited a more substantial improvement in the quality of life and cognitive function than those of the non-ECT group. Compared with the non-ECT group, the ECT group exhibited evi-dently lower variations in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels. The side effects were generally mild and comparable between the two groups. ECT is safer and more potent than medication and/or therapy in mitigating depressive symptoms, enhancing well-being, and bolstering cognitive capabilities in individuals with severe MDD. ECT may also affect the levels of BDNF and IL-6, which are indicators of neuroplasticity and inflammation, respectively.
CONCLUSION ECT has emerged as a potentially advantageous therapeutic approach for patients with MDD who are unresponsive to alternative treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Yan Han
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei Province, China
| | - Chao-Min Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei Province, China
| | - Chong-Bo Du
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jun Qiao
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yong-Liang Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei Province, China
| | - Li-Zhao Lv
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei Province, China
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11
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Takamiya A, Kishimoto T, Mimura M. What Can We Tell About the Effect of Electroconvulsive Therapy on the Human Hippocampus? Clin EEG Neurosci 2023; 54:584-593. [PMID: 34547937 DOI: 10.1177/15500594211044066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the most effective antidepressant treatment, although its mechanisms of action remain unclear. Since 2010, several structural magnetic resonance imaging studies based on a neuroplastic hypothesis have consistently reported increases in the hippocampal volume following ECT. Moreover, volume increases in the human dentate gyrus, where neurogenesis occurs, have also been reported. These results are in line with the preclinical findings of ECT-induced neuroplastic changes, including neurogenesis, gliogenesis, synaptogenesis, and angiogenesis, in rodents and nonhuman primates. Despite this robust evidence of an effect of ECT on hippocampal plasticity, the clinical relevance of these human hippocampal changes continues to be questioned. This narrative review summarizes recent findings regarding ECT-induced hippocampal volume changes. Furthermore, this review also discusses methodological considerations and future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Takamiya
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taishiro Kishimoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Mimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Vega-Rivera NM, González-Trujano ME, Luna-Angula A, Sánchez-Chapul L, Estrada-Camarena E. Antidepressant-like effects of the Punica granatum and citalopram combination are associated with structural changes in dendritic spines of granule cells in the dentate gyrus of rats. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1211663. [PMID: 37900157 PMCID: PMC10613096 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1211663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Natural products such as phytoestrogens-enriched foods or supplements have been considered as an alternative therapy to reduce depressive symptoms associated with menopause. It is known that the aqueous extract of Punica granatum (AE-PG) exerts antidepressant-like effects by activating β-estrogen receptors and facilitates the antidepressant response of the clinical drug citalopram (CIT). However, the effects on neuroplasticity are unknown. Objectvie investigated the antidepressant-like response of combining AE-PG and CIT at sub-optimal doses, analyzing their effects on the formation and maturation of dendrite spines in granule cells as well as on the dendrite complexity. Methods: Ovariectomized Wistar rats (3-month-old) were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: A) control (saline solution as vehicle of CIT and AE-PG, B) AE-PG at a sub-threshold dose (vehicle of CIT plus AE-PG at 0.125 mg/kg), C) CIT at a sub-threshold dose (0.77 mg/kg plus vehicle of AE-PG), and D) a combination of CIT plus AE-PG (0.125 mg/kg and 0.77 mg/kg, respectively). All rats were treated intraperitoneally for 14 days. Antidepressant-like effects were evaluated using the force swimming test test (FST). The complexity of dendrites and the number and morphology of dendrite spines of neurons were assessed in the dentate gyrus after Golgi-Cox impregnation. The expressions of the mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor (mBDNF) in plasma and of mBDNF and synaptophysin in the hippocampus, as markers of synaptogenesis, were also determined. Results: Administration of CIT combined with AE-PG, but not alone, induced a significant antidepressant-like effect in the FST with an increase in the dendritic complexity and the number of dendritic spines in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus, revealed by the thin and stubby categories of neurons at the granular cell layer. At the same time, an increase of mBDNF and synaptophysin expression was observed in the hippocampus of rats that received the combination of AE-PG and CIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelly-Maritza Vega-Rivera
- Laboratorio de Neuropsicofarmacología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría “Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Eva González-Trujano
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alexandra Luna-Angula
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Neuromusculares, División de Neurociencias Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación “Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura Sánchez-Chapul
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Neuromusculares, División de Neurociencias Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación “Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Erika Estrada-Camarena
- Laboratorio de Neuropsicofarmacología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría “Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz”, Mexico City, Mexico
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13
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Cano M, Lee E, Polanco C, Barbour T, Ellard KK, Andreou B, Uribe S, Henry ME, Seiner S, Cardoner N, Soriano-Mas C, Camprodon JA. Brain volumetric correlates of electroconvulsive therapy versus transcranial magnetic stimulation for treatment-resistant depression. J Affect Disord 2023; 333:140-146. [PMID: 37024015 PMCID: PMC10288116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.03.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) are effective neuromodulation therapies for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). While ECT is generally considered the most effective antidepressant, rTMS is less invasive, better tolerated and leads to more durable therapeutic benefits. Both interventions are established device antidepressants, but it remains unknown if they share a common mechanism of action. Here we aimed to compare the brain volumetric changes in patients with TRD after right unilateral (RUL) ECT versus left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (lDLPFC) rTMS. METHODS We assessed 32 patients with TRD before the first treatment session and after treatment completion using structural magnetic resonance imaging. Fifteen patients were treated with RUL ECT and seventeen patients received lDLPFC rTMS. RESULTS Patients receiving RUL ECT, in comparison with patients treated with lDLPFC rTMS, showed a greater volumetric increase in the right striatum, pallidum, medial temporal lobe, anterior insular cortex, anterior midbrain, and subgenual anterior cingulate cortex. However, ECT- or rTMS-induced brain volumetric changes were not associated with the clinical improvement. LIMITATIONS We evaluated a modest sample size with concurrent pharmacological treatment and without neuromodulation therapies randomization. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that despite comparable clinical outcomes, only RUL ECT is associated with structural change, while rTMS is not. We hypothesize that structural neuroplasticity and/or neuroinflammation may explain the larger structural changes observed after ECT, whereas neurophysiological plasticity may underlie the rTMS effects. More broadly, our results support the notion that there are multiple therapeutic strategies to move patients from depression to euthymia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Cano
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Sant Pau Mental Health Research Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Erik Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher Polanco
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tracy Barbour
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kristen K Ellard
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Blake Andreou
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sofia Uribe
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael E Henry
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen Seiner
- McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Narcís Cardoner
- Sant Pau Mental Health Research Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine Bellaterra, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Soriano-Mas
- CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Joan A Camprodon
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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14
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Chen X, Yang H, Cui LB, Li X. Neuroimaging study of electroconvulsive therapy for depression. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1170625. [PMID: 37363178 PMCID: PMC10289201 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1170625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an important treatment for depression. Although it is known as the most effective acute treatment for severe mood disorders, its therapeutic mechanism is still unclear. With the rapid development of neuroimaging technology, various neuroimaging techniques have been available to explore the alterations of the brain by ECT, such as structural magnetic resonance imaging, functional magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, positron emission tomography, single photon emission computed tomography, arterial spin labeling, etc. This article reviews studies in neuroimaging on ECT for depression. These findings suggest that the neurobiological mechanism of ECT may regulate the brain functional activity, and neural structural plasticity, as well as balance the brain's neurotransmitters, which finally achieves a therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Chen
- The First Branch, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hanjie Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Thirteenth People’s Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Long-Biao Cui
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Schizophrenia Imaging Lab, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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15
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Kawashima H, Yamasaki S, Kubota M, Hazama M, Fushimi Y, Miyata J, Murai T, Suwa T. Commonalities and differences in ECT-induced gray matter volume change between depression and schizophrenia. Neuroimage Clin 2023; 38:103429. [PMID: 37150022 PMCID: PMC10193002 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is one of the most effective treatments for depression and schizophrenia, particularly in urgent or treatment-resistant cases. After ECT, regional gray matter volume (GMV) increases have been repeatedly reported both in depression and schizophrenia. However, the interpretation of these findings remains entangled because GMV changes do not necessarily correlate with treatment effects and may be influenced by the intervention itself. We hypothesized that the comparison of longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging data between the two diagnostic groups will provide clues to distinguish diagnosis-specific and transdiagnostic changes. METHOD Twenty-nine Japanese participants, including 18 inpatients with major depressive disorder and 11 with schizophrenia, underwent longitudinal voxel-based morphometry before and after ECT. We investigated GMV changes common to both diagnostic groups and those specific to each group. Moreover, we also evaluated potential associations between GMV changes and clinical improvement for each group. RESULTS In both diagnostic groups, GMV increased in widespread areas after ECT, sharing common regions including: anterior temporal cortex; medial frontal and anterior cingulate cortex; insula; and caudate nucleus. In addition, we found a schizophrenia-specific GMV increase in a region including the left pregenual anterior cingulate cortex, with volume increase significantly correlating with clinical improvement. CONCLUSIONS Transdiagnostic volume changes may represent the effects of the intervention itself and pathophysiological changes common to both groups. Conversely, diagnosis-specific volume changes are associated with treatment effects and may represent pathophysiology-specific impacts of ECT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotsugu Kawashima
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Shimpei Yamasaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Manabu Kubota
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaaki Hazama
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Fushimi
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jun Miyata
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiya Murai
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Taro Suwa
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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16
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Kyuragi Y, Oishi N, Yamasaki S, Hazama M, Miyata J, Shibata M, Fujiwara H, Fushimi Y, Murai T, Suwa T. Information flow and dynamic functional connectivity during electroconvulsive therapy in patients with depression. J Affect Disord 2023; 328:141-152. [PMID: 36801417 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electroconvulsive therapy is effectively used for treatment-resistant depression; however, its neural mechanism is largely unknown. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging is promising for monitoring outcomes of electroconvulsive therapy for depression. This study aimed to explore the imaging correlates of the electroconvulsive therapy effects on depression using Granger causality analysis and dynamic functional connectivity analyses. METHODS We performed advanced analyses of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data at the beginning and intermediate stages and end of the therapeutic course to identify neural markers that reflect or predict the therapeutic effects of electroconvulsive therapy on depression. RESULTS We demonstrated that information flow between the functional networks analyzed by Granger causality changes during electroconvulsive therapy, and this change was correlated with the therapeutic outcome. Information flow and the dwell time (an index reflecting the temporal stability of functional connectivity) before electroconvulsive therapy are correlated with depressive symptoms during and after treatment. LIMITATIONS First, the sample size was small. A larger group is needed to confirm our findings. Second, the influence of concomitant pharmacotherapy on our results was not fully addressed, although we expected it to be minimal because only minor changes in pharmacotherapy occurred during electroconvulsive therapy. Third, different scanners were used the groups, although the acquisition parameters were the same; a direct comparison between patient and healthy participant data was not possible. Thus, we presented the data of the healthy participants separately from that of the patients as a reference. CONCLUSIONS These results show the specific properties of functional brain connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kyuragi
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Naoya Oishi
- Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8397, Japan.
| | - Shimpei Yamasaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masaaki Hazama
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Jun Miyata
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Mami Shibata
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hironobu Fujiwara
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Artificial Intelligence Ethics and Society Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; The General Research Division, Research Center on Ethical, Legal and Social Issues, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Fushimi
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Toshiya Murai
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Taro Suwa
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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17
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Van der A J, De Jager JE, van Dellen E, Mandl RCW, Somers M, Boks MPM, Sommer IEC, Nuninga JO. Changes in perfusion, and structure of hippocampal subfields related to cognitive impairment after ECT: A pilot study using ultra high field MRI. J Affect Disord 2023; 325:321-328. [PMID: 36623568 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in patients with major depression is associated with volume changes and markers of neuroplasticity in the hippocampus, in particular in the dentate gyrus. It is unclear if these changes are associated with cognitive side effects. OBJECTIVES We investigated whether changes in cognitive functioning after ECT were associated with hippocampal structural changes. It was hypothesized that 1) volume increase of hippocampal subfields and 2) changes in perfusion and diffusion of the hippocampus correlated with cognitive decline. METHODS Using ultra high field (7 T) MRI, intravoxel incoherent motion and volumetric data were acquired and neurocognitive functioning was assessed before and after ECT in 23 patients with major depression. Repeated measures correlation analysis was used to examine the relation between cognitive functioning and structural characteristics of the hippocampus. RESULTS Left hippocampal volume, left and right dentate gyrus and right CA1 volume increase correlated with decreases in verbal memory functioning. In addition, a decrease of mean diffusivity in the left hippocampus correlated with a decrease in letter fluency. LIMITATIONS Due to methodological restrictions direct study of neuroplasticity is not possible. MRI is used as an indirect measure. CONCLUSION As both volume increase in the hippocampus and MD decrease can be interpreted as indirect markers for neuroplasticity that co-occur with a decrease in cognitive functioning, our results may indicate that neuroplastic processes are affecting cognitive processes after ECT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Van der A
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jesca E De Jager
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, Brain Center, University Medical Center, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Edwin van Dellen
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Intensive Care Medicine, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - René C W Mandl
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Metten Somers
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marco P M Boks
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Iris E C Sommer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, Brain Center, University Medical Center, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jasper O Nuninga
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, Brain Center, University Medical Center, Groningen, the Netherlands
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18
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Alhaddad A, Radwan A, Mohamed NA, Mehanna ET, Mostafa YM, El-Sayed NM, Fattah SA. Rosiglitazone Mitigates Dexamethasone-Induced Depression in Mice via Modulating Brain Glucose Metabolism and AMPK/mTOR Signaling Pathway. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030860. [PMID: 36979839 PMCID: PMC10046017 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common, complex disease with poorly understood pathogenesis. Disruption of glucose metabolism is implicated in the pathogenesis of depression. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been shown to regulate the activity of several kinases, including pAKT, p38MAPK, and mTOR, which are important signaling pathways in the treatment of depression. This study tested the hypothesis that rosiglitazone (RGZ) has an antidepressant impact on dexamethasone (DEXA)-induced depression by analyzing the function of the pAKT/p38MAPK/mTOR pathway and NGF through regulation of AMPK. MDD-like pathology was induced by subcutaneous administration of DEXA (20 mg/kg) for 21 days in all groups except in the normal control group, which received saline. To investigate the possible mechanism of RGZ, the protein expression of pAMPK, pAKT, p38MAPK, and 4EBP1 as well as the levels of hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, and NGF were assessed in prefrontal cortex and hippocampal samples. The activities of pAMPK and NGF increased after treatment with RGZ. The administration of RGZ also decreased the activity of mTOR as well as downregulating the downstream signaling pathways pAKT, p38MAPK, and 4EBP1. Here, we show that RGZ exerts a potent inhibitory effect on the pAKT/p38MAPK/mTOR/4EBP1 pathway and causes activation of NGF in brain cells. This study has provided sufficient evidence of the potential for RGZ to ameliorate DEXA-induced depression. A new insight has been introduced into the critical role of NGF activation in brain cells in depression. These results suggest that RGZ is a promising antidepressant for the treatment of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Alhaddad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah 30078, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa Radwan
- Department of Pharmacology &Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Noha A. Mohamed
- Department of Forgery & Counterfeiting, Forensic Medicine, Ministry of Justice, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Eman T. Mehanna
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Correspondence: (E.T.M.); (N.M.E.-S.)
| | - Yasser M. Mostafa
- Department of Pharmacology &Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo, Badr 11829, Egypt
| | - Norhan M. El-Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology &Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Correspondence: (E.T.M.); (N.M.E.-S.)
| | - Shaimaa A. Fattah
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
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Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in depression induces structural plasticity. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2841. [PMID: 36801903 PMCID: PMC9938111 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29792-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique involving administration of well-tolerated electrical current to the brain through scalp electrodes. TDCS may improve symptoms in neuropsychiatric disorders, but mixed results from recent clinical trials underscore the need to demonstrate that tDCS can modulate clinically relevant brain systems over time in patients. Here, we analyzed longitudinal structural MRI data from a randomized, double-blind, parallel-design clinical trial in depression (NCT03556124, N = 59) to investigate whether serial tDCS individually targeted to the left dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) can induce neurostructural changes. Significant (FWEc p < 0.05) treatment-related gray matter changes were observed with active high-definition (HD) tDCS relative to sham tDCS within the left DLPFC stimulation target. No changes were observed with active conventional tDCS. A follow-up analysis within individual treatment groups revealed significant gray matter increases with active HD-tDCS in brain regions functionally connected with the stimulation target, including the bilateral DLPFC, bilateral posterior cingulate cortex, subgenual anterior cingulate cortex, and the right hippocampus, thalamus and left caudate brain regions. Integrity of blinding was verified, no significant differences in stimulation-related discomfort were observed between treatment groups, and tDCS treatments were not augmented by any other adjunct treatments. Overall, these results demonstrate that serial HD-tDCS leads to neurostructural changes at a predetermined brain target in depression and suggest that such plasticity effects may propagate over brain networks.
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Fu Z, Abbott CC, Miller J, Deng ZD, McClintock SM, Sendi MSE, Sui J, Calhoun VD. Cerebro-cerebellar functional neuroplasticity mediates the effect of electric field on electroconvulsive therapy outcomes. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:43. [PMID: 36746924 PMCID: PMC9902462 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02312-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the most effective treatment for severe depression and works by applying an electric current through the brain. The applied current generates an electric field (E-field) and seizure activity, changing the brain's functional organization. The E-field, which is determined by electrode placement (right unilateral or bitemporal) and pulse amplitude (600, 700, or 800 milliamperes), is associated with the ECT response. However, the neural mechanisms underlying the relationship between E-field, functional brain changes, and clinical outcomes of ECT are not well understood. Here, we investigated the relationships between whole-brain E-field (Ebrain, the 90th percentile of E-field magnitude in the brain), cerebro-cerebellar functional network connectivity (FNC), and clinical outcomes (cognitive performance and depression severity). A fully automated independent component analysis framework determined the FNC between the cerebro-cerebellar networks. We found a linear relationship between Ebrain and cognitive outcomes. The mediation analysis showed that the cerebellum to middle occipital gyrus (MOG)/posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) FNC mediated the effects of Ebrain on cognitive performance. In addition, there is a mediation effect through the cerebellum to parietal lobule FNC between Ebrain and antidepressant outcomes. The pair-wise t-tests further demonstrated that a larger Ebrain was associated with increased FNC between cerebellum and MOG and decreased FNC between cerebellum and PCC, which were linked with decreased cognitive performance. This study implies that an optimal E-field balancing the antidepressant and cognitive outcomes should be considered in relation to cerebro-cerebellar functional neuroplasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zening Fu
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | | | - Jeremy Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Zhi-De Deng
- Computational Neurostimulation Research Program, Noninvasive Neuromodulation Unit, Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Shawn M McClintock
- Division of Psychology, Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Mohammad S E Sendi
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Jing Sui
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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21
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Fu Z, Abbott CC, Sui J, Calhoun VD. Predictive signature of static and dynamic functional connectivity for ECT clinical outcomes. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1102413. [PMID: 36755955 PMCID: PMC9899999 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1102413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) remains one of the most effective approaches for treatment-resistant depressive episodes, despite the potential cognitive impairment associated with this treatment. As a potent stimulator of neuroplasticity, ECT might normalize aberrant depression-related brain function via the brain's reconstruction by forming new neural connections. Multiple lines of evidence have demonstrated that functional connectivity (FC) changes are reliable indicators of antidepressant efficacy and cognitive changes from static and dynamic perspectives. However, no previous studies have directly ascertained whether and how different aspects of FC provide complementary information in terms of neuroimaging-based prediction of clinical outcomes. Methods: In this study, we implemented a fully automated independent component analysis framework to an ECT dataset with subjects (n = 50, age = 65.54 ± 8.92) randomized to three treatment amplitudes (600, 700, or 800 milliamperes [mA]). We extracted the static functional network connectivity (sFNC) and dynamic FNC (dFNC) features and employed a partial least square regression to build predictive models for antidepressant outcomes and cognitive changes. Results: We found that both antidepressant outcomes and memory changes can be robustly predicted by the changes in sFNC (permutation test p < 5.0 × 10-3). More interestingly, by adding dFNC information, the model achieved higher accuracy for predicting changes in the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale 24-item (HDRS24, t = 9.6434, p = 1.5 × 10-21). The predictive maps of clinical outcomes show a weakly negative correlation, indicating that the ECT-induced antidepressant outcomes and cognitive changes might be associated with different functional brain neuroplasticity. Discussion: The overall results reveal that dynamic FC is not redundant but reflects mechanisms of ECT that cannot be captured by its static counterpart, especially for the prediction of antidepressant efficacy. Tracking the predictive signatures of static and dynamic FC will help maximize antidepressant outcomes and cognitive safety with individualized ECT dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zening Fu
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia Institute of Technology, Georgia State University, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States,*Correspondence: Christopher C. Abbott, ; Zening Fu,
| | - Christopher C. Abbott
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States,*Correspondence: Christopher C. Abbott, ; Zening Fu,
| | - Jing Sui
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia Institute of Technology, Georgia State University, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States,State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Vince D. Calhoun
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia Institute of Technology, Georgia State University, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
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22
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Sun D, Mei L, Xiong WC. Dorsal Dentate Gyrus, a Key Regulator for Mood and Psychiatric Disorders. Biol Psychiatry 2023:S0006-3223(23)00009-4. [PMID: 36894487 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The dentate gyrus, a "gate" that controls the flow of information into the hippocampus, is critical for learning, memory, spatial navigation, and mood regulation. Several lines of evidence have demonstrated that deficits in dentate granule cells (DGCs) (e.g., loss of DGCs or genetic mutations in DGCs) contribute to the development of various psychiatric disorders, such as depression and anxiety disorders. Whereas ventral DGCs are believed to be critical for mood regulation, the functions of dorsal DGCs in this regard remain elusive. Here, we review the role of DGCs, in particular the dorsal DGCs, in the regulation of mood, their functional relationships with DGC development, and the contributions of dysfunctional DGCs to mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Sun
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lin Mei
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Wen-Cheng Xiong
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.
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23
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Becker CR, Milad MR. Contemporary Approaches Toward Neuromodulation of Fear Extinction and Its Underlying Neural Circuits. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2023; 64:353-387. [PMID: 37658219 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2023_442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Neuroscience and neuroimaging research have now identified brain nodes that are involved in the acquisition, storage, and expression of conditioned fear and its extinction. These brain regions include the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), amygdala, insular cortex, and hippocampus. Psychiatric neuroimaging research shows that functional dysregulation of these brain regions might contribute to the etiology and symptomatology of various psychopathologies, including anxiety disorders and post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (Barad et al. Biol Psychiatry 60:322-328, 2006; Greco and Liberzon Neuropsychopharmacology 41:320-334, 2015; Milad et al. Biol Psychiatry 62:1191-1194, 2007a, Biol Psychiatry 62:446-454, b; Maren and Quirk Nat Rev Neurosci 5:844-852, 2004; Milad and Quirk Annu Rev Psychol 63:129, 2012; Phelps et al. Neuron 43:897-905, 2004; Shin and Liberzon Neuropsychopharmacology 35:169-191, 2009). Combined, these findings indicate that targeting the activation of these nodes and modulating their functional interactions might offer an opportunity to further our understanding of how fear and threat responses are formed and regulated in the human brain, which could lead to enhancing the efficacy of current treatments or creating novel treatments for PTSD and other psychiatric disorders (Marin et al. Depress Anxiety 31:269-278, 2014; Milad et al. Behav Res Ther 62:17-23, 2014). Device-based neuromodulation techniques provide a promising means for directly changing or regulating activity in the fear extinction network by targeting functionally connected brain regions via stimulation patterns (Raij et al. Biol Psychiatry 84:129-137, 2018; Marković et al. Front Hum Neurosci 15:138, 2021). In the past ten years, notable advancements in the precision, safety, comfort, accessibility, and control of administration have been made to the established device-based neuromodulation techniques to improve their efficacy. In this chapter we discuss ten years of progress surrounding device-based neuromodulation techniques-Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT), Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS), Magnetic Seizure Therapy (MST), Transcranial Focused Ultrasound (TUS), Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS), Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS), and Transcranial Electrical Stimulation (tES)-as research and clinical tools for enhancing fear extinction and treating PTSD symptoms. Additionally, we consider the emerging research, current limitations, and possible future directions for these techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia R Becker
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mohammed R Milad
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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24
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Twait EL, Blom K, Koek HL, Zwartbol MHT, Ghaznawi R, Hendrikse J, Gerritsen L, Geerlings MI. Psychosocial factors and hippocampal subfields: The Medea-7T study. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 44:1964-1984. [PMID: 36583397 PMCID: PMC9980899 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific subfields within the hippocampus have shown vulnerability to chronic stress, highlighting the importance of looking regionally within the hippocampus to understand the role of psychosocial factors in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. A systematic review on psychosocial factors and hippocampal subfield volumes was performed and showed inconsistent results, highlighting the need for future studies to explore this relationship. The current study aimed to explore the association of psychosocial factors with hippocampal (subfield) volumes, using high-field 7T MRI. Data were from the Memory Depression and Aging (Medea)-7T study, which included 333 participants without dementia. Hippocampal subfields were automatically segmented from T2-weighted images using ASHS software. Generalized linear models accounting for correlated outcomes were used to assess the association between subfields (i.e., entorhinal cortex, subiculum, Cornu Ammonis [CA]1, CA2, CA3, dentate gyrus, and tail) and each psychosocial factor (i.e., depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, childhood maltreatment, recent stressful life events, and social support), adjusted for age, sex, and intracranial volume. Neither depression nor anxiety was associated with specific hippocampal (subfield) volumes. A trend for lower total hippocampal volume was found in those reporting childhood maltreatment, and a trend for higher total hippocampal volume was found in those who experienced a recent stressful life event. Among subfields, low social support was associated with lower volume in the CA3 (B = -0.43, 95% CI: -0.72; -0.15). This study suggests possible differential effects among hippocampal (subfield) volumes and psychosocial factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L. Twait
- Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary CareUniversity Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Kim Blom
- Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary CareUniversity Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Huiberdina L. Koek
- Department of GeriatricsUniversity Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Maarten H. T. Zwartbol
- Department of RadiologyUniversity Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Rashid Ghaznawi
- Department of RadiologyUniversity Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Hendrikse
- Department of RadiologyUniversity Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Lotte Gerritsen
- Department of PsychologyUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Mirjam I. Geerlings
- Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary CareUniversity Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands,Department of General PracticeAmsterdam UMC, Location University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands,Amsterdam Public Health, Aging & Later life, and Personalized MedicineAmsterdamThe Netherlands,Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, and Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress, and SleepAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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25
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Qi S, Calhoun VD, Zhang D, Miller J, Deng ZD, Narr KL, Sheline Y, McClintock SM, Jiang R, Yang X, Upston J, Jones T, Sui J, Abbott CC. Links between electroconvulsive therapy responsive and cognitive impairment multimodal brain networks in late-life major depressive disorder. BMC Med 2022; 20:477. [PMID: 36482369 PMCID: PMC9733153 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02678-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for depression, ECT cognitive impairment remains a major concern. The neurobiological underpinnings and mechanisms underlying ECT antidepressant and cognitive impairment effects remain unknown. This investigation aims to identify ECT antidepressant-response and cognitive-impairment multimodal brain networks and assesses whether they are associated with the ECT-induced electric field (E-field) with an optimal pulse amplitude estimation. METHODS A single site clinical trial focused on amplitude (600, 700, and 800 mA) included longitudinal multimodal imaging and clinical and cognitive assessments completed before and immediately after the ECT series (n = 54) for late-life depression. Another two independent validation cohorts (n = 84, n = 260) were included. Symptom and cognition were used as references to supervise fMRI and sMRI fusion to identify ECT antidepressant-response and cognitive-impairment multimodal brain networks. Correlations between ECT-induced E-field within these two networks and clinical and cognitive outcomes were calculated. An optimal pulse amplitude was estimated based on E-field within antidepressant-response and cognitive-impairment networks. RESULTS Decreased function in the superior orbitofrontal cortex and caudate accompanied with increased volume in medial temporal cortex showed covarying functional and structural alterations in both antidepressant-response and cognitive-impairment networks. Volume increases in the hippocampal complex and thalamus were antidepressant-response specific, and functional decreases in the amygdala and hippocampal complex were cognitive-impairment specific, which were validated in two independent datasets. The E-field within these two networks showed an inverse relationship with HDRS reduction and cognitive impairment. The optimal E-filed range as [92.7-113.9] V/m was estimated to maximize antidepressant outcomes without compromising cognitive safety. CONCLUSIONS The large degree of overlap between antidepressant-response and cognitive-impairment networks challenges parameter development focused on precise E-field dosing with new electrode placements. The determination of the optimal individualized ECT amplitude within the antidepressant and cognitive networks may improve the treatment benefit-risk ratio. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02999269.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shile Qi
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China.
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS) Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Daoqiang Zhang
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
| | - Jeremy Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Zhi-De Deng
- Noninvasive Neuromodulation Unit, Experimental Therapeutics & Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Katherine L Narr
- Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yvette Sheline
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shawn M McClintock
- Division of Psychology, Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rongtao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Huaxi Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Joel Upston
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Tom Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Jing Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
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26
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Cai H, Du R, Yang K, Li W, Wang Z. Association between electroconvulsive therapy and depressive disorder from 2012 to 2021: Bibliometric analysis and global trends. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:1044917. [DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.1044917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundDepressive disorder is a chronic mental illness that is vulnerable to relapse, imposes a huge economic burden on society and patients, and is a major global public health problem. Depressive disorders are characterized by depressed mood, decreased energy and interest, and suicidal ideation and behavior in severe cases. They can be treated through pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy or physical treatments such as electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). In patients with suicidal ideation, behavior, or refractory depressive disorder ECT has a faster onset of action and better efficacy than pharmacotherapy. This study used bibliometric and visual analyses to map the current state of global research on ECT for depressive disorder and to predict future research trends in this area.Materials and methodsA literature search was performed for studies on ECT and depressive disorder in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database. All studies considered for this paper were published between 2012 and 2021. Bibliometric and co-occurrence analyses were performed using the CiteSpace software.ResultsIn total, 2,184 publications were retrieved. The number of publications on ECT and depressive disorder have been increasing since 2012, with China being a emerging hub with a growing influence in the field. Zafiris J. Daskalakis is the top author in terms of number of publications, and The Journal of ECT is not only the most published journal but also the most co-cited journal in the field. Co-occurrence analysis showed that electroconvulsive therapy, treatment-resistant depression, bipolar disorder, hippocampus, efficacy, and electrode placement are current research hotspots. Molecular biomarkers, neuroimaging predictors, and late-life depression will become research hotspots in the future.ConclusionOur analysis made it possible to observe an important growth of the field since 2012, to identify key scientific actors in this growth and to predict hot topics for future research.
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Martin DM, Berryhill ME, Dielenberg V. Can brain stimulation enhance cognition in clinical populations? A critical review. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2022:RNN211230. [PMID: 36404559 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-211230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Many psychiatric and neurological conditions are associated with cognitive impairment for which there are very limited treatment options. Brain stimulation methodologies show promise as novel therapeutics and have cognitive effects. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), known more for its related transient adverse cognitive effects, can produce significant cognitive improvement in the weeks following acute treatment. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is increasingly used as a treatment for major depression and has acute cognitive effects. Emerging research from controlled studies suggests that repeated TMS treatments may additionally have cognitive benefit. ECT and TMS treatment cause neurotrophic changes, although whether these are associated with cognitive effects remains unclear. Transcranial electrical stimulation methods including transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) are in development as novel treatments for multiple psychiatric conditions. These treatments may also produce cognitive enhancement particularly when stimulation occurs concurrently with a cognitive task. This review summarizes the current clinical evidence for these brain stimulation treatments as therapeutics for enhancing cognition. Acute, or short-lasting, effects as well as longer-term effects from repeated treatments are reviewed, together with potential putative neural mechanisms. Areas of future research are highlighted to assist with optimization of these approaches for enhancing cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donel M. Martin
- Sydney Neurostimulation Centre, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health UNSW, Black Dog Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marian E. Berryhill
- Memory and Brain Lab, Programs in Cognitive and Brain Sciences, and Integrative Neuroscience, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Victoria Dielenberg
- Sydney Neurostimulation Centre, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health UNSW, Black Dog Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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28
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Gruzman R, Hartling C, Domke AK, Stippl A, Carstens L, Bajbouj M, Gärtner M, Grimm S. Investigation of Neurofunctional Changes Over the Course of Electroconvulsive Therapy. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2022; 26:20-31. [PMID: 36173403 PMCID: PMC9850659 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyac063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for patients suffering from depression. Yet the exact neurobiological mechanisms underlying the efficacy of ECT and indicators of who might respond best to it remain to be elucidated. Identifying neural markers that can inform about an individual's response to ECT would enable more optimal treatment strategies and increase clinical efficacy. METHODS Twenty-one acutely depressed inpatients completed an emotional working memory task during functional magnetic resonance imaging before and after receiving treatment with ECT. Neural activity was assessed in 5 key regions associated with the pathophysiology of depression: bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and pregenual, subgenual, and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. Associations between brain activation and clinical improvement, as reflected by Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale scores, were computed using linear regression models, t tests, and Pearson correlational analyses. RESULTS Significant neurobiological prognostic markers or changes in neural activity from pre- to post ECT did not emerge. CONCLUSIONS We could not confirm normalization effects and did not find significant neural markers related to treatment response. These results demonstrate that the search for reliable and clinically useful biomarkers for ECT treatment remains in its initial stages and still faces challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Gruzman
- Correspondence: Rebecca Gruzman, MSc, MSB Medical School Berlin, Rüdesheimer Straße 50, 14197 Berlin, Germany ()
| | | | - Ann-Kathrin Domke
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Stippl
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Malek Bajbouj
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matti Gärtner
- MSB Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simone Grimm
- MSB Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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29
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Cano M, Lee E, Worthley A, Ellard K, Barbour T, Soriano-Mas C, Camprodon JA. Electroconvulsive therapy effects on anhedonia and reward circuitry anatomy: A dimensional structural neuroimaging approach. J Affect Disord 2022; 313:243-250. [PMID: 35764228 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.06.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anhedonia is a core symptom of major depressive disorder (MDD) resulting from maladaptive reward processing. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for patients with MDD. No previous neuroimaging studies have taken a dimensional approach to assess whether ECT-induced volume changes are specifically related to improvements in anhedonia and positive valence emotional constructs. We aimed to assess the relationship between ECT-induced brain volumetric changes and improvement in anhedonia and reward processing in patients with MDD. METHODS We evaluated 15 patients with MDD before and after ECT. We used magnetic resonance imaging, clinical scales (i.e., Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology for syndromal depression severity and Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale for anhedonia) and the Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale for anticipatory and consummatory experiences of pleasure. We identified 5 regions of interest within the reward circuit and a 6th control region relevant for MDD but not core to the reward system (Brodmann Area 25). RESULTS Anhedonia, anticipatory and consummatory reward processing improved after ECT. Volume increases within the right reward system separated anhedonia responders and non-responders. Improvement in anticipatory (but not consummatory) reward correlated with increases in volume in hippocampus, amygdala, ventral tegmental area and nucleus accumbens. LIMITATIONS We evaluated a modest sample size of patients with concurrent pharmacological treatment using a subjective psychometric assessment. CONCLUSIONS We highlight the importance of a dimensional and circuit-based approach to understanding target engagement and the mechanism of action of ECT, with the goal to define symptom- and circuit-specific response biomarkers for device neuromodulation therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Cano
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Mental Health Department, Unitat de Neurociència Traslacional, Parc Tauli University Hospital, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Sanitària Parc Tauli (I3PT), Barcelona, Spain; CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Erik Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexis Worthley
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kristen Ellard
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tracy Barbour
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carles Soriano-Mas
- CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, Universitat de Barcelona-UB, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Joan A Camprodon
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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30
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Leaver AM, Espinoza R, Wade B, Narr KL. Parsing the Network Mechanisms of Electroconvulsive Therapy. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 92:193-203. [PMID: 35120710 PMCID: PMC9196257 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is one of the oldest and most effective forms of neurostimulation, wherein electrical current is used to elicit brief, generalized seizures under general anesthesia. When electrodes are positioned to target frontotemporal cortex, ECT is arguably the most effective treatment for severe major depression, with response rates and times superior to other available antidepressant therapies. Neuroimaging research has been pivotal in improving the field's mechanistic understanding of ECT, with a growing number of magnetic resonance imaging studies demonstrating hippocampal plasticity after ECT, in line with evidence of upregulated neurotrophic processes in the hippocampus in animal models. However, the precise roles of the hippocampus and other brain regions in antidepressant response to ECT remain unclear. Seizure physiology may also play a role in antidepressant response to ECT, as indicated by early positron emission tomography, single-photon emission computed tomography, and electroencephalography research and corroborated by recent magnetic resonance imaging studies. In this review, we discuss the evidence supporting neuroplasticity in the hippocampus and other brain regions during and after ECT, and their associations with antidepressant response. We also offer a mechanistic, circuit-level model that proposes that core mechanisms of antidepressant response to ECT involve thalamocortical and cerebellar networks that are active during seizure generalization and termination over repeated ECT sessions, and their interactions with corticolimbic circuits that are dysfunctional prior to treatment and targeted with the electrical stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber M Leaver
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois.
| | - Randall Espinoza
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Benjamin Wade
- Department of Neurology, Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Katherine L Narr
- Department of Neurology, Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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Multimodal multi-center analysis of electroconvulsive therapy effects in depression: Brainwide gray matter increase without functional changes. Brain Stimul 2022; 15:1065-1072. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2022.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Li XK, Qiu HT, Hu J, Luo QH. Changes in the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in specific frequency bands in major depressive disorder after electroconvulsive therapy. World J Psychiatry 2022; 12:708-721. [PMID: 35663299 PMCID: PMC9150034 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v12.i5.708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) tends to have a high incidence and high suicide risk. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is currently a relatively effective treatment for MDD. However, the mechanism of efficacy of ECT is still unclear.
AIM To investigate the changes in the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in specific frequency bands in patients with MDD after ECT.
METHODS Twenty-two MDD patients and fifteen healthy controls (HCs) were recruited to this study. MDD patients received 8 ECT sessions with bitemporal placement. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was adopted to examine regional cerebellar blood flow in both the MDD patients and HCs. The MDD patients were scanned twice (before the first ECT session and after the eighth ECT session) to acquire data. Then, the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) was computed to characterize the intrinsic neural oscillations in different bands (typical frequency, slow-5, and slow-4 bands).
RESULTS Compared to before ECT (pre-ECT), we found that MDD patients after the eighth ECT (post-ECT) session had a higher ALFF in the typical band in the right middle frontal gyrus, posterior cingulate, right supramarginal gyrus, left superior frontal gyrus, and left angular gyrus. There was a lower ALFF in the right superior temporal gyrus. Compared to pre-ECT values, the ALFF in the slow-5 band was significantly increased in the right limbic lobe, cerebellum posterior lobe, right middle orbitofrontal gyrus, and frontal lobe in post-ECT patients, whereas the ALFF in the slow-5 band in the left sublobar region, right angular gyrus, and right frontal lobe was lower. In contrast, significantly higher ALFF in the slow-4 band was observed in the frontal lobe, superior frontal gyrus, parietal lobe, right inferior parietal lobule, and left angular gyrus.
CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the abnormal ALFF in pre- and post-ECT MDD patients may be associated with specific frequency bands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Ke Li
- College of Medical Informatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hai-Tang Qiu
- Mental Health Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jia Hu
- Institute for Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Qing-Hua Luo
- Mental Health Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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Ousdal OT, Brancati GE, Kessler U, Erchinger V, Dale AM, Abbott C, Oltedal L. The Neurobiological Effects of Electroconvulsive Therapy Studied Through Magnetic Resonance: What Have We Learned, and Where Do We Go? Biol Psychiatry 2022; 91:540-549. [PMID: 34274106 PMCID: PMC8630079 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an established treatment choice for severe, treatment-resistant depression, yet its mechanisms of action remain elusive. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the human brain before and after treatment has been crucial to aid our comprehension of the ECT neurobiological effects. However, to date, a majority of MRI studies have been underpowered and have used heterogeneous patient samples as well as different methodological approaches, altogether causing mixed results and poor clinical translation. Hence, an association between MRI markers and therapeutic response remains to be established. Recently, the availability of large datasets through a global collaboration has provided the statistical power needed to characterize whole-brain structural and functional brain changes after ECT. In addition, MRI technological developments allow new aspects of brain function and structure to be investigated. Finally, more recent studies have also investigated immediate and long-term effects of ECT, which may aid in the separation of the therapeutically relevant effects from epiphenomena. The goal of this review is to outline MRI studies (T1, diffusion-weighted imaging, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy) of ECT in depression to advance our understanding of the ECT neurobiological effects. Based on the reviewed literature, we suggest a model whereby the neurobiological effects can be understood within a framework of disruption, neuroplasticity, and rewiring of neural circuits. An improved characterization of the neurobiological effects of ECT may increase our understanding of ECT's therapeutic effects, ultimately leading to improved patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Therese Ousdal
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Centre for Crisis Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Giulio E Brancati
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ute Kessler
- NORMENT, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Vera Erchinger
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anders M Dale
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Christopher Abbott
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Leif Oltedal
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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Fu Z, Sui J, Espinoza R, Narr K, Qi S, Sendi MSE, Abbot CC, Calhoun VD. Whole-Brain Functional Connectivity Dynamics Associated With Electroconvulsive Therapy Treatment Response. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2022; 7:312-322. [PMID: 34303848 PMCID: PMC8783932 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depressive episodes (DEPs), characterized by abnormalities in cognitive functions and mood, are a leading cause of disability. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), which involves a brief electrical stimulation of the anesthetized brain, is one of the most effective treatments used in patients with DEP due to its rapid efficacy. METHODS In this work, we investigated how dynamic brain functional connectivity responds to ECT and whether the dynamic responses are associated with treatment outcomes and side effects in patients. We applied a fully automated independent component analysis-based pipeline to 110 patients with DEP (including diagnosis of unipolar depression or bipolar depression) and 60 healthy control subjects. The dynamic functional connectivity was analyzed by a combination of the sliding window approach and clustering analysis. RESULTS Five recurring connectivity states were identified, and patients with DEPs had fewer occurrences in one brain state (state 1) with strong positive and negative connectivity. Patients with DEP changed the occupancy of two states (states 3 and 4) after ECT, resulting in significantly different occurrences of one additional state (state 3) compared with healthy control subjects. We further found that patients with DEP had diminished global metastate dynamism, two of which recovered to normal after ECT. The changes in dynamic connectivity characteristics were associated with the changes in memory recall and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale of DEP after ECT. CONCLUSIONS These converging results extend current findings on subcortical-cortical dysfunction and dysrhythmia in DEP and demonstrate that ECT might cause remodeling of brain functional dynamics that enhance the neuroplasticity of the diseased brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zening Fu
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Jing Sui
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States,National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Randall Espinoza
- Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Katherine Narr
- Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Shile Qi
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Mohammad S. E. Sendi
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Christopher C. Abbot
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States,Corresponding author: Dr. Christopher C. Abbott, Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States, , Phone: 505-272-0406
| | - Vince D. Calhoun
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States,Department of Psychology, Computer Science, Neuroscience Institute, and Physics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
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35
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Deng ZD, Argyelan M, Miller J, Quinn DK, Lloyd M, Jones TR, Upston J, Erhardt E, McClintock SM, Abbott CC. Electroconvulsive therapy, electric field, neuroplasticity, and clinical outcomes. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:1676-1682. [PMID: 34853404 PMCID: PMC9095458 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01380-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) remains the gold-standard treatment for patients with depressive episodes, but the underlying mechanisms for antidepressant response and procedure-induced cognitive side effects have yet to be elucidated. Such mechanisms may be complex and involve certain ECT parameters and brain regions. Regarding parameters, the electrode placement (right unilateral or bitemporal) determines the geometric shape of the electric field (E-field), and amplitude determines the E-field magnitude in select brain regions (e.g., hippocampus). Here, we aim to determine the relationships between hippocampal E-field strength, hippocampal neuroplasticity, and antidepressant and cognitive outcomes. We used hippocampal E-fields and volumes generated from a randomized clinical trial that compared right unilateral electrode placement with different pulse amplitudes (600, 700, and 800 mA). Hippocampal E-field strength was variable but increased with each amplitude arm. We demonstrated a linear relationship between right hippocampal E-field and right hippocampal neuroplasticity. Right hippocampal neuroplasticity mediated right hippocampal E-field and antidepressant outcomes. In contrast, right hippocampal E-field was directly related to cognitive outcomes as measured by phonemic fluency. We used receiver operating characteristic curves to determine that the maximal right hippocampal E-field associated with cognitive safety was 112.5 V/m. Right hippocampal E-field strength was related to the whole-brain ratio of E-field strength per unit of stimulation current, but this whole-brain ratio was unrelated to antidepressant or cognitive outcomes. We discuss the implications of optimal hippocampal E-field dosing to maximize antidepressant outcomes and cognitive safety with individualized amplitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-De Deng
- Noninvasive Neuromodulation Unit, Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Miklos Argyelan
- Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
- Center for Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Department of Psychiatry, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Jeremy Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Davin K Quinn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Megan Lloyd
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Thomas R Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Joel Upston
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Erik Erhardt
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Shawn M McClintock
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Division of Psychology, Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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36
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Li XK, Qiu HT. Current progress in neuroimaging research for the treatment of major depression with electroconvulsive therapy. World J Psychiatry 2022; 12:128-139. [PMID: 35111584 PMCID: PMC8783162 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v12.i1.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) uses a certain amount of electric current to pass through the head of the patient, causing convulsions throughout the body, to relieve the symptoms of the disease and achieve the purpose of treatment. ECT can effectively improve the clinical symptoms of patients with major depression, but its therapeutic mechanism is still unclear. With the rapid development of neuroimaging technology, it is necessary to explore the neurobiological mechanism of major depression from the aspects of brain structure, brain function and brain metabolism, and to find that ECT can improve the brain function, metabolism and even brain structure of patients to a certain extent. Currently, an increasing number of neuroimaging studies adopt various neuroimaging techniques including functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, structural MRI, and diffusion tensor imaging to reveal the neural effects of ECT. This article reviews the recent progress in neuroimaging research on ECT for major depression. The results suggest that the neurobiological mechanism of ECT may be to modulate the functional activity and connectivity or neural structural plasticity in specific brain regions to the normal level, to achieve the therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Ke Li
- College of Medical Informatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hai-Tang Qiu
- Mental Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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37
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Khoodoruth MAS, Estudillo-Guerra MA, Pacheco-Barrios K, Nyundo A, Chapa-Koloffon G, Ouanes S. Glutamatergic System in Depression and Its Role in Neuromodulatory Techniques Optimization. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:886918. [PMID: 35492692 PMCID: PMC9047946 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.886918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Depressive disorders are among the most common psychiatric conditions and contribute to significant morbidity. Even though the use of antidepressants revolutionized the management of depression and had a tremendous positive impact on the patient's outcome, a significant proportion of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) show no or partial or response even with adequate treatment. Given the limitations of the prevailing monoamine hypothesis-based pharmacotherapy, glutamate and glutamatergic related pathways may offer an alternative and a complementary option for designing novel intervention strategies. Over the past few decades, there has been a growing interest in understanding the neurobiological underpinnings of glutamatergic dysfunctions in the pathogenesis of depressive disorders and the development of new pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment options. There is a growing body of evidence for the efficacy of neuromodulation techniques, including transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcutaneous direct current stimulation, transcranial alternating current stimulation, and photo-biomodulation on improving connectivity and neuroplasticity associated with depression. This review attempts to revisit the role of glutamatergic neurotransmission in the etiopathogenesis of depressive disorders and review the current neuroimaging, neurophysiological and clinical evidence of these neuromodulation techniques in the pathophysiology and treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Anayali Estudillo-Guerra
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kevin Pacheco-Barrios
- Neuromodulation Center and Center for Clinical Research Learning, Harvard Medical School, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Unidad de Investigación para la Generación y Síntesis de Evidencias en Salud, Lima, Peru
| | - Azan Nyundo
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Medicine and Dental Health, The University of Dodoma, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | | | - Sami Ouanes
- Department of Psychiatry, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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Li X, Yu R, Huang Q, Chen X, Ai M, Zhou Y, Dai L, Qin X, Kuang L. Alteration of Whole Brain ALFF/fALFF and Degree Centrality in Adolescents With Depression and Suicidal Ideation After Electroconvulsive Therapy: A Resting-State fMRI Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:762343. [PMID: 34858155 PMCID: PMC8632519 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.762343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most widespread mental disorders and can result in suicide. Suicidal ideation (SI) is strongly predictive of death by suicide, and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is effective for MDD, especially in patients with SI. In the present study, we aimed to determine differences in resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) in 14 adolescents aged 12–17 with MDD and SI at baseline and after ECT. All participants were administered the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) and Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSSI) and received rs-fMRI scans at baseline and after ECT. Following ECT, the amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and fractional ALFF (fALFF) significantly decreased in the right precentral gyrus, and the degree centrality (DC) decreased in the left triangular part of the inferior frontal gyrus and increased in the left hippocampus. There were significant negative correlations between the change of HAMD (ΔHAMD) and ALFF in the right precentral gyrus at baseline, and between the change of BSSI and the change of fALFF in the right precentral gyrus. The ΔHAMD was positively correlated with the DC value of the left hippocampus at baseline. We suggest that these brain regions may be indicators of response to ECT in adolescents with MDD and SI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Renqiang Yu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaolu Chen
- The First Branch, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ming Ai
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Linqi Dai
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyue Qin
- Department of the First Clinical Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Kuang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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39
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Takamiya A, Kishimoto T, Hirano J, Nishikata S, Sawada K, Kurokawa S, Yamagata B, Kikuchi T, Mimura M. Neuronal network mechanisms associated with depressive symptom improvement following electroconvulsive therapy. Psychol Med 2021; 51:2856-2863. [PMID: 32476629 PMCID: PMC8640363 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720001518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the most effective antidepressant treatment for severe depression. Although recent structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have consistently reported ECT-induced hippocampal volume increases, most studies did not find the association of the hippocampal volume changes with clinical improvement. To understand the underlying mechanisms of ECT action, we aimed to identify the longitudinal effects of ECT on hippocampal functional connectivity (FC) and their associations with clinical improvement. METHODS Resting-state functional MRI was acquired before and after bilateral ECT in 27 depressed individuals. A priori hippocampal seed-based FC analysis and a data-driven multivoxel pattern analysis (MVPA) were conducted to investigate FC changes associated with clinical improvement. The statistical threshold was set at cluster-level false discovery rate-corrected p < 0.05. RESULTS Depressive symptom improvement after ECT was positively associated with the change in the right hippocampus-ventromedial prefrontal cortex FC, and negatively associated with the right hippocampus-superior frontal gyrus FC. MVPA confirmed the results of hippocampal seed-based analyses and identified the following additional clusters associated with clinical improvement following ECT: the thalamus, the sensorimotor cortex, and the precuneus. CONCLUSIONS ECT-induced change in the right frontotemporal connectivity and thalamocortical connectivity, and changes in the nodes of the default mode network were associated with clinical improvement. Modulation of these networks may explain the underlying mechanisms by which ECT exert its potent and rapid antidepressant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Takamiya
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo160-8582, Japan
- Center for Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Tokyo193-8505, Japan
| | - Taishiro Kishimoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo160-8582, Japan
| | - Jinichi Hirano
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo160-8582, Japan
| | - Shiro Nishikata
- Center for Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Tokyo193-8505, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Sawada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo160-8582, Japan
| | - Shunya Kurokawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo160-8582, Japan
| | - Bun Yamagata
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo160-8582, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Kikuchi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo160-8582, Japan
| | - Masaru Mimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo160-8582, Japan
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40
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Argyelan M, Lencz T, Kang S, Ali S, Masi PJ, Moyett E, Joanlanne A, Watson P, Sanghani S, Petrides G, Malhotra AK. ECT-induced cognitive side effects are associated with hippocampal enlargement. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:516. [PMID: 34625534 PMCID: PMC8501017 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01641-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is of the most effective treatments available for treatment-resistant depression, yet it is underutilized in part due to its reputation of causing cognitive side effects in a significant number of patients. Despite intensive neuroimaging research on ECT in the past two decades, the underlying neurobiological correlates of cognitive side effects remain elusive. Because the primary ECT-related cognitive deficit is memory impairment, it has been suggested that the hippocampus may play a crucial role. In the current study, we investigated 29 subjects with longitudinal MRI and detailed neuropsychological testing in two independent cohorts (N = 15/14) to test if volume changes were associated with cognitive side effects. The two cohorts underwent somewhat different ECT study protocols reflected in electrode placements and the number of treatments. We used longitudinal freesurfer algorithms (6.0) to obtain a bias-free estimate of volume changes in the hippocampus and tested its relationship with neurocognitive score changes. As an exploratory analysis and to evaluate how specific the effects were to the hippocampus, we also calculated this relationship in 41 other areas. In addition, we also analyzed cognitive data from a group of healthy volunteers (N = 29) to assess practice effects. Our results supported the hypothesis that hippocampus enlargement was associated with worse cognitive outcomes, and this result was generalizable across two independent cohorts with different diagnoses, different electrode placements, and a different number of ECT sessions. We found, in both cohorts, that treatment robustly increased the volume size of the hippocampus (Cohort 1: t = 5.07, Cohort 2: t = 4.82; p < 0.001), and the volume increase correlated with the neurocognitive T-score change. (Cohort 1: r = -0.68, p = 0.005; Cohort 2: r = -0.58; p = 0.04). Overall, our research indicates that novel treatment methods serving to avoid hippocampal volume increase may result in a better side effect profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miklos Argyelan
- Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Cove, NY, USA.
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA.
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA.
| | - Todd Lencz
- Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Cove, NY, USA
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Simran Kang
- Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Cove, NY, USA
| | - Sana Ali
- Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Cove, NY, USA
| | - Paul J Masi
- Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Cove, NY, USA
| | - Emily Moyett
- Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Cove, NY, USA
| | - Andrea Joanlanne
- Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Cove, NY, USA
| | - Philip Watson
- Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Cove, NY, USA
| | - Sohag Sanghani
- Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Cove, NY, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Georgios Petrides
- Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Cove, NY, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Anil K Malhotra
- Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Cove, NY, USA
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
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Takamiya A, Dols A, Emsell L, Abbott C, Yrondi A, Soriano Mas C, Jorgensen MB, Nordanskog P, Rhebergen D, van Exel E, Oudega ML, Bouckaert F, Vandenbulcke M, Sienaert P, Péran P, Cano M, Cardoner N, Jorgensen A, Paulson OB, Hamilton P, Kampe R, Bruin W, Bartsch H, Ousdal OT, Kessler U, van Wingen G, Oltedal L, Kishimoto T. Neural Substrates of Psychotic Depression: Findings From the Global ECT-MRI Research Collaboration. Schizophr Bull 2021; 48:514-523. [PMID: 34624103 PMCID: PMC8886602 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbab122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Psychotic major depression (PMD) is hypothesized to be a distinct clinical entity from nonpsychotic major depression (NPMD). However, neurobiological evidence supporting this notion is scarce. The aim of this study is to identify gray matter volume (GMV) differences between PMD and NPMD and their longitudinal change following electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from 8 independent sites in the Global ECT-MRI Research Collaboration (GEMRIC) database (n = 108; 56 PMD and 52 NPMD; mean age 71.7 in PMD and 70.2 in NPMD) were analyzed. All participants underwent MRI before and after ECT. First, cross-sectional whole-brain voxel-wise GMV comparisons between PMD and NPMD were conducted at both time points. Second, in a flexible factorial model, a main effect of time and a group-by-time interaction were examined to identify longitudinal effects of ECT on GMV and longitudinal differential effects of ECT between PMD and NPMD, respectively. Compared with NPMD, PMD showed lower GMV in the prefrontal, temporal and parietal cortex before ECT; PMD showed lower GMV in the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) after ECT. Although there was a significant main effect of time on GMV in several brain regions in both PMD and NPMD, there was no significant group-by-time interaction. Lower GMV in the MPFC was consistently identified in PMD, suggesting this may be a trait-like neural substrate of PMD. Longitudinal effect of ECT on GMV may not explain superior ECT response in PMD, and further investigation is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Takamiya
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Neurosciences and Neuropsychiatry, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annemiek Dols
- GGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Louise Emsell
- Department of Neurosciences and Neuropsychiatry, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christopher Abbott
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Antoine Yrondi
- Service de Psychiatrie et de Psychologie Médicale, Centre Expert Dépression Résistante FondaMental, CHU Toulouse, Hospital Purpan, ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Carles Soriano Mas
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain,CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain,Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martin Balslev Jorgensen
- Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pia Nordanskog
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience (CSAN), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Didi Rhebergen
- Mental Health Care Institute, GGZ Centraal, Amersfoort, the Netherlands
| | - Eric van Exel
- GGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mardien L Oudega
- GGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Filip Bouckaert
- Department of Neurosciences and Neuropsychiatry, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Vandenbulcke
- Department of Neurosciences and Neuropsychiatry, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pascal Sienaert
- Academic Center for ECT and Neurostimulation (AcCENT), University Psychiatric Center (UPC)—KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium
| | - Patrice Péran
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Marta Cano
- CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain,Mental Health Department, Unitat de Neurociència Traslacional, Parc Tauli University Hospital, Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Sanitària Parc Taulí (I3PT), Barcelona, Spain,Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Narcis Cardoner
- Mental Health Department, Unitat de Neurociència Traslacional, Parc Tauli University Hospital, Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Sanitària Parc Taulí (I3PT), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anders Jorgensen
- Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Olaf B Paulson
- Neurobiological Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paul Hamilton
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience (CSAN), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Robin Kampe
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience (CSAN), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Willem Bruin
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hauke Bartsch
- Department of Radiology, Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway,Department of Research and Innovation, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway,Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Olga Therese Ousdal
- Department of Radiology, Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway,Faculty of Psychology, Centre for Crisis Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ute Kessler
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Division of Psychiatry, NORMENT, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Guido van Wingen
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Leif Oltedal
- Department of Radiology, Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Taishiro Kishimoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; tel: +81-3-5363-3829; fax: +81-3-5379-0187; e-mail:
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The Neurobiological Basis of Cognitive Side Effects of Electroconvulsive Therapy: A Systematic Review. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11101273. [PMID: 34679338 PMCID: PMC8534116 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11101273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Decades of research have consistently demonstrated the efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD), but its clinical use remains somewhat restricted because of its cognitive side effects. The aim of this systematic review is to comprehensively summarize current evidence assessing potential biomarkers of ECT-related cognitive side effects. Based on our systematic search of human studies indexed in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Knowledge, a total of 29 studies evaluating patients with MDD undergoing ECT were reviewed. Molecular biomarkers studies did not consistently identify concentration changes in plasma S-100 protein, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), or Aβ peptides significantly associated with cognitive performance after ECT. Importantly, these findings suggest that ECT-related cognitive side effects cannot be explained by mechanisms of neural cell damage. Notwithstanding, S-100b protein and Aβ40 peptide concentrations, as well as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) polymorphisms, have been suggested as potential predictive biomarkers of cognitive dysfunction after ECT. In addition, recent advances in brain imaging have allowed us to identify ECT-induced volumetric and functional changes in several brain structures closely related to memory performance such as the hippocampus. We provide a preliminary framework to further evaluate neurobiological cognitive vulnerability profiles of patients with MDD treated with ECT.
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Takamiya A, Kishimoto T, Hirano J, Kikuchi T, Yamagata B, Mimura M. Association of electroconvulsive therapy-induced structural plasticity with clinical remission. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 110:110286. [PMID: 33621611 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the most effective treatment for severe depression. Recent neuroimaging studies have consistently reported that ECT induces volume increases in widely distributed brain regions. However, it still remains unclear about ECT-induced volume changes associated with clinical improvement. METHODS Longitudinal assessments of structural magnetic resonance imaging were conducted in 48 participants. Twenty-seven elderly melancholic depressed individuals (mean 67.5 ± 8.1 years old; 19 female) were scanned before (TP1) and after (TP2) ECT. Twenty-one healthy controls were also scanned twice. Whole-brain gray matter volume (GMV) was analyzed via group (remitters, nonremitters, and controls) by time (TP1 and TP2) analysis of covariance to identify ECT-related GMV changes and GMV changes specific to remitters. Within-subject and between-subjects correlation analyses were conducted to investigate the associations between clinical improvement and GMV changes. Depressive symptoms were evaluated using the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), and remission was defined as HAM-D total score ≤ 7. RESULTS Bilateral ECT increased GMV in multiple brain regions bilaterally regardless of clinical improvement. Remitters showed a larger GMV increase in the right-lateralized frontolimbic brain regions compared to nonremitters and healthy controls. GMV changes in the right hippocampus/amygdala and right middle frontal gyrus showed correlations with clinical improvement in within-/between-subjects correlation analyses. CONCLUSIONS ECT-induced GMV increase in the right frontolimbic regions was associated with clinical remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Takamiya
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taishiro Kishimoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Jinichi Hirano
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Kikuchi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bun Yamagata
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Mimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Leaver AM, Vasavada M, Kubicki A, Wade B, Loureiro J, Hellemann G, Joshi SH, Woods RP, Espinoza R, Narr KL. Hippocampal subregions and networks linked with antidepressant response to electroconvulsive therapy. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:4288-4299. [PMID: 32029885 PMCID: PMC7415508 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0666-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been repeatedly linked to hippocampal plasticity. However, it remains unclear what role hippocampal plasticity plays in the antidepressant response to ECT. This magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study tracks changes in separate hippocampal subregions and hippocampal networks in patients with depression (n = 44, 23 female) to determine their relationship, if any, with improvement after ECT. Voxelwise analyses were restricted to the hippocampus, amygdala, and parahippocampal cortex, and applied separately for responders and nonresponders to ECT. In analyses of arterial spin-labeled (ASL) MRI, nonresponders exhibited increased cerebral blood flow (CBF) in bilateral anterior hippocampus, while responders showed CBF increases in right middle and left posterior hippocampus. In analyses of gray matter volume (GMV) using T1-weighted MRI, GMV increased throughout bilateral hippocampus and surrounding tissue in nonresponders, while responders showed increased GMV in right anterior hippocampus only. Using CBF loci as seed regions, BOLD-fMRI data from healthy controls (n = 36, 19 female) identified spatially separable neurofunctional networks comprised of different brain regions. In graph theory analyses of these networks, functional connectivity within a hippocampus-thalamus-striatum network decreased only in responders after two treatments and after index. In sum, our results suggest that the location of ECT-related plasticity within the hippocampus may differ according to antidepressant outcome, and that larger amounts of hippocampal plasticity may not be conducive to positive antidepressant response. More focused targeting of hippocampal subregions and/or circuits may be a way to improve ECT outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber M. Leaver
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Department of
Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095,Center for Translational Imaging, Department of Radiology,
Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611,Corresponding Author: Amber M. Leaver Ph.D.,
Address: 737 N Michigan Ave, Suite 1600, Chicago, IL 60611, Phone 312 694 2966,
Fax 310 926 5991,
| | - Megha Vasavada
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Department of
Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095
| | - Antoni Kubicki
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Department of
Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095
| | - Benjamin Wade
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Department of
Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095
| | - Joana Loureiro
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Department of
Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095
| | - Gerhard Hellemann
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences,
University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095
| | - Shantanu H. Joshi
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Department of
Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095
| | - Roger P. Woods
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Department of
Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences,
University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095
| | - Randall Espinoza
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences,
University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095
| | - Katherine L. Narr
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Department of
Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences,
University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095
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45
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Wang YT, Wang XL, Feng ST, Chen NH, Wang ZZ, Zhang Y. Novel rapid-acting glutamatergic modulators: Targeting the synaptic plasticity in depression. Pharmacol Res 2021; 171:105761. [PMID: 34242798 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is severely prevalent, and conventional monoaminergic antidepressants gradually exhibit low therapeutic efficiency, especially for patients with treatment-resistant depression. A neuroplasticity hypothesis is an emerging advancement in the mechanism of depression, mainly expressed in the glutamate system, e.g., glutamate receptors and signaling. Dysfunctional glutamatergic neurotransmission is currently considered to be closely associated with the pathophysiology of MDD. Biological function, pharmacological action, and signal attributes in the glutamate system both regulate the neural process. Specific functional subunits could be therapeutic targets to explore the novel glutamatergic modulators, which have fast-acting, and relatively sustained antidepressant effects. Here, the present review summarizes the pathophysiology of MDD found in the glutamate system, exploring the role of glutamate receptors and their downstream effects. These convergent mechanisms have prompted the development of other modulators targeting on glutamate system, including N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonists, selective GluN2B-specific antagonists, glycine binding site agents, and regulators of metabotropic glutamate receptors. Relevant researches underly the putative mechanisms of these drugs, which reverse the damage of depression by regulating glutamatergic neurotransmission. It also provides further insight into the mechanism of depression and exploring potential targets for novel agent development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ting Wang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xiao-Le Wang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Si-Tong Feng
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Nai-Hong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
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46
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Takamiya A, Bouckaert F, Laroy M, Blommaert J, Radwan A, Khatoun A, Deng ZD, Mc Laughlin M, Van Paesschen W, De Winter FL, Van den Stock J, Sunaert S, Sienaert P, Vandenbulcke M, Emsell L. Biophysical mechanisms of electroconvulsive therapy-induced volume expansion in the medial temporal lobe: A longitudinal in vivo human imaging study. Brain Stimul 2021; 14:1038-1047. [PMID: 34182182 PMCID: PMC8474653 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2021.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) applies electric currents to the brain to induce seizures for therapeutic purposes. ECT increases gray matter (GM) volume, predominantly in the medial temporal lobe (MTL). The contribution of induced seizures to this volume change remains unclear. Methods: T1-weighted structural MRI was acquired from thirty patients with late-life depression (mean age 72.5 ± 7.9 years, 19 female), before and one week after one course of right unilateral ECT. Whole brain voxel-/deformation-/surface-based morphometry analyses were conducted to identify tissue-specific (GM, white matter: WM), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and cerebral morphometry changes following ECT. Whole-brain voxel-wise electric field (EF) strength was estimated to investigate the association of EF distribution and regional brain volume change. The association between percentage volume change in the right MTL and ECT-related parameters (seizure duration, EF, and number of ECT sessions) was investigated using multiple regression. Results: ECT induced widespread GM volume expansion with corresponding contraction in adjacent CSF compartments, and limited WM change. The regional EF was strongly correlated with the distance from the electrodes, but not with regional volume change. The largest volume expansion was identified in the right MTL, and this was correlated with the total seizure duration. Conclusions: Right unilateral ECT induces widespread, bilateral regional volume expansion and contraction, with the largest change in the right MTL. This dynamic volume change cannot be explained by the effect of electrical stimulation alone and is related to the cumulative effect of ECT-induced seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Takamiya
- KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Department of Neurosciences, Neuropsychiatry, Leuven, Belgium; Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Filip Bouckaert
- KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Department of Neurosciences, Neuropsychiatry, Leuven, Belgium; Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maarten Laroy
- KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Department of Neurosciences, Neuropsychiatry, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Blommaert
- KU Leuven, Department of Oncology, Gynaecological Oncology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ahmed Radwan
- KU Leuven, Department of Imaging & Pathology, Translational MRI, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ahmad Khatoun
- KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Experimental Oto-rhino-laryngology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Zhi-De Deng
- Noninvasive Neuromodulation Unit, Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Myles Mc Laughlin
- KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Experimental Oto-rhino-laryngology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Van Paesschen
- KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Experimental Neurology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - François-Laurent De Winter
- KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Department of Neurosciences, Neuropsychiatry, Leuven, Belgium; Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Van den Stock
- KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Department of Neurosciences, Neuropsychiatry, Leuven, Belgium; Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefan Sunaert
- KU Leuven, Department of Imaging & Pathology, Translational MRI, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven (UZ Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pascal Sienaert
- Academic Center for ECT and Neuromodulation (AcCENT), University Psychiatric Center, KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Vandenbulcke
- KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Department of Neurosciences, Neuropsychiatry, Leuven, Belgium; Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Louise Emsell
- KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Department of Neurosciences, Neuropsychiatry, Leuven, Belgium; Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Imaging & Pathology, Translational MRI, Leuven, Belgium.
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47
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Gryglewski G, Lanzenberger R, Silberbauer LR, Pacher D, Kasper S, Rupprecht R, Frey R, Baldinger-Melich P. Meta-analysis of brain structural changes after electroconvulsive therapy in depression. Brain Stimul 2021; 14:927-937. [PMID: 34119669 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2021.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increases in the volume of the amygdala and hippocampus after electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) are among the most robust effects known to the brain-imaging field. Recent advances in the segmentation of substructures of these regions allow for novel insights on the relationship between brain structure and clinical outcomes of ECT. OBJECTIVE We aimed to provide a comprehensive synthesis of evidence available on changes in brain structure after ECT, including recently published data on hippocampal subfields. METHODS A meta-analysis of published studies was carried out using random-effects models of standardized mean change of regional brain volumes measured with longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging of depressive patients before and after a series of ECT. RESULTS Data from 21 studies (543 depressed patients) were analysed, including 6 studies (118 patients) on hippocampal subfields. Meta-analyses could be carried out for seven brain regions for which data from at least three published studies was available. We observed increases in left and right hippocampi, amygdalae, cornua ammonis (CA) 1, CA 2/3, dentate gyri (DG) and subicula with standardized mean change scores ranging between 0.34 and 1.15. The model did not reveal significant volume increases in the caudate. Meta-regression indicated a negative relationship between the reported increases in the DG and relative symptom improvement (-0.27 (SE: 0.09) per 10%). CONCLUSIONS ECT is accompanied by significant volume increases in the bilateral hippocampus and amygdala that are not associated with treatment outcome. Among hippocampal subfields, the most robust volume increases after ECT were measured in the dentate gyrus. The indicated negative correlation of this effect with antidepressant efficacy warrants replication in data of individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Gryglewski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Clinical Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Rupert Lanzenberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Clinical Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Leo R Silberbauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Clinical Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Pacher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Clinical Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Siegfried Kasper
- Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Rainer Rupprecht
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Richard Frey
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Clinical Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Pia Baldinger-Melich
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Clinical Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
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Porta-Casteràs D, Cano M, Camprodon JA, Loo C, Palao D, Soriano-Mas C, Cardoner N. A multimetric systematic review of fMRI findings in patients with MDD receiving ECT. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 108:110178. [PMID: 33197507 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is considered the most effective treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD). In recent years, the pursuit of the neurobiological mechanisms of ECT action has generated a significant amount of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) research. OBJECTIVE In this systematic review, we integrated all fMRI research in patients with MDD receiving ECT and, importantly, evaluated the level of convergence and replicability across multiple fMRI metrics. RESULTS While according to most studies changes in patients with MDD after ECT appear to be widely distributed across the brain, our multimetric review revealed specific changes involving functional connectivity increases in the superior and middle frontal gyri as the most replicated and across-modality convergent findings. Although this modulation of prefrontal connectivity was associated to ECT outcome, we also identified fMRI measurements of the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex as the fMRI signals most significantly linked to clinical response. CONCLUSION We identified specific prefrontal and cingulate territories which activity and connectivity with other brain regions is modulated by ECT, critically accounting for its mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Porta-Casteràs
- Mental Health Department, Unitat de Neurociència Traslacional. Parc Tauli University Hospital, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Sanitària Parc Taulí (I3PT), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Bellaterra, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Marta Cano
- Mental Health Department, Unitat de Neurociència Traslacional. Parc Tauli University Hospital, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Sanitària Parc Taulí (I3PT), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Bellaterra, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain; Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Joan A Camprodon
- Laboratory for Neuropsychiatry and Neuromodulation, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Colleen Loo
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; The Black Dog Institute, Sydney, Australia; St George Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Diego Palao
- Mental Health Department, Unitat de Neurociència Traslacional. Parc Tauli University Hospital, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Sanitària Parc Taulí (I3PT), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Bellaterra, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Carles Soriano-Mas
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Narcís Cardoner
- Mental Health Department, Unitat de Neurociència Traslacional. Parc Tauli University Hospital, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Sanitària Parc Taulí (I3PT), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Bellaterra, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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49
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Moon SY, Kim M, Lho SK, Oh S, Kim SH, Kwon JS. Systematic Review of the Neural Effect of Electroconvulsive Therapy in Patients with Schizophrenia: Hippocampus and Insula as the Key Regions of Modulation. Psychiatry Investig 2021; 18:486-499. [PMID: 34218638 PMCID: PMC8256139 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2020.0438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been the most potent treatment option for treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). However, the underlying neural mechanisms of ECT in schizophrenia remain largely unclear. This paper examines studies that investigated structural and functional changes after ECT in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS We carried out a systematic review with following terms: 'ECT', 'schizophrenia', and the terms of various neuroimaging modalities. RESULTS Among the 325 records available from the initial search in May 2020, 17 studies were included. Cerebral blood flow in the frontal, temporal, and striatal structures was shown to be modulated (n=3), although the results were divergent. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies suggested that the ratio of N-acetyl-aspartate/creatinine was increased in the left prefrontal cortex (PFC; n=2) and left thalamus (n=1). The hippocampus and insula (n=6, respectively) were the most common regions of structural/functional modulation, which also showed symptom associations. Functional connectivity of the default mode network (DMN; n=5), PFC (n=4), and thalamostriatal system (n=2) were also commonly modulated. CONCLUSION Despite proven effectiveness, there has been a dearth of studies investigating the neurobiological mechanisms underlying ECT. There is preliminary evidence of structural and functional modulation of the hippocampus and insula, functional changes in the DMN, PFC, and thalamostriatal system after ECT in patients with schizophrenia. We discuss the rationale and implications of these findings and the potential mechanism of action of ECT. More studies evaluating the mechanisms of ECT are needed, which could provide a unique window into what leads to treatment response in the otherwise refractory TRS population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Young Moon
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minah Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Silvia Kyungjin Lho
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghoon Oh
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Soo Kwon
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, SNU-MRC, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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50
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Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a novel treatment option for major depression which could be provided as a first-line treatment. tDCS is a non-invasive form of transcranial stimulation which changes cortical tissue excitability by applying a weak (0.5-2 mA) direct current via scalp electrodes. Anodal and cathodal stimulation leads to depolarisation and hyperpolarisation, respectively, and cumulative effects are observed with repeated sessions. The montage in depression most often involves anodal stimulation to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Rates of clinical response, remission, and improvements in depressive symptoms following a course of active tDCS are greater in comparison to a course of placebo sham-controlled tDCS. In particular, the largest treatment effects are evident in first episode and recurrent major depression, while minimal effects have been observed in treatment-resistant depression. The proposed mechanism is neuroplasticity at the cellular and molecular level. Alterations in neural responses have been found at the stimulation site as well as subcortically in prefrontal-amygdala connectivity. A possible mediating effect could be cognitive control in emotion dysregulation. Additional beneficial effects on cognitive impairments have been reported, which would address an important unmet need. The tDCS device is portable and can be used at home. Clinical trials are required to establish the efficacy, feasibility and acceptability of home-based tDCS treatment and mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Woodham
- School of Psychology, University of East London, London, UK
| | | | - Julian Mutz
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Cynthia H Y Fu
- School of Psychology, University of East London, London, UK.,Centre for Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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