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Sadowski B, Kaliszewska M, Poronik YM, Czichy M, Janasik P, Banasiewicz M, Mierzwa D, Gadomski W, Lohrey TD, Clark JA, Łapkowski M, Kozankiewicz B, Vullev VI, Sobolewski AL, Piatkowski P, Gryko DT. Potent strategy towards strongly emissive nitroaromatics through a weakly electron-deficient core. Chem Sci 2021; 12:14039-14049. [PMID: 34760187 PMCID: PMC8565362 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03670j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitroaromatics seldom fluoresce. The importance of electron-deficient (n-type) conjugates, however, has inspired a number of strategies for suppressing the emission-quenching effects of the strongly electron-withdrawing nitro group. Here, we demonstrate how such strategies yield fluorescent nitroaryl derivatives of dipyrrolonaphthyridinedione (DPND). Nitro groups near the DPND core quench its fluorescence. Conversely, nitro groups placed farther from the core allow some of the highest fluorescence quantum yields ever recorded for nitroaromatics. This strategy of preventing the known processes that compete with photoemission, however, leads to the emergence of unprecedented alternative mechanisms for fluorescence quenching, involving transitions to dark nπ* singlet states and aborted photochemistry. Forming nπ* triplet states from ππ* singlets is a classical pathway for fluorescence quenching. In nitro-DPNDs, however, these ππ* and nπ* excited states are both singlets, and they are common for nitroaryl conjugates. Understanding the excited-state dynamics of such nitroaromatics is crucial for designing strongly fluorescent electron-deficient conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Sadowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Marzena Kaliszewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw Zwirki i Wigury 101 02-089 Warsaw Poland
| | - Yevgen M Poronik
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Małgorzata Czichy
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology Strzody 9 44-100 Gliwice Poland
| | - Patryk Janasik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology Strzody 9 44-100 Gliwice Poland
| | - Marzena Banasiewicz
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences Aleja Lotnikow 32/46 02-668 Warsaw Poland
| | - Dominik Mierzwa
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Wojciech Gadomski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw Zwirki i Wigury 101 02-089 Warsaw Poland
| | - Trevor D Lohrey
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, 420 Latimer Hall Berkeley CA USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Road Berkeley CA USA
| | - John A Clark
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave. Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Mieczysław Łapkowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology Strzody 9 44-100 Gliwice Poland
| | - Bolesław Kozankiewicz
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences Aleja Lotnikow 32/46 02-668 Warsaw Poland
| | - Valentine I Vullev
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave. Riverside CA 92521 USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave. Riverside CA 92521 USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave. Riverside CA 92521 USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave. Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Andrzej L Sobolewski
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences Aleja Lotnikow 32/46 02-668 Warsaw Poland
| | - Piotr Piatkowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw Zwirki i Wigury 101 02-089 Warsaw Poland
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
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2
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Kijak M, Nawara K, Listkowski A, Masiera N, Buczyńska J, Urbańska N, Orzanowska G, Pietraszkiewicz M, Waluk J. 2 + 2 Can Make Nearly a Thousand! Comparison of Di- and Tetra- Meso-Alkyl-Substituted Porphycenes. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:4594-4604. [PMID: 32423205 PMCID: PMC7590974 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c02155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two porphycenes, substituted at the meso positions with two and four methyl groups, respectively, reveal similar absorption spectra, but their photophysical properties are completely different. 9,20-dimethylporphycene emits fluorescence with about 20% quantum yield, independent of the solvent. In contrast, fluorescence of 9,10,19,20-tetramethylporphycene is extremely weak in nonviscous solvents, but it can be recovered by placing the chromophore in a rigid environment. We propose a model that explains these differences, based on calculations and structural analogies with other extremely weakly emitting derivatives, dibenzo[cde,mno]porphycenes. The efficient S1 deactivation involves delocalization of two inner cavity protons coupled with proton translocation toward a high-energy cis tautomer. The latter process leads to distortion from planarity. The probability of deactivation increases with the strength of the intramolecular NH···N hydrogen bonds. The model also explains the observation of biexponential fluorescence decay in weakly emitting porphycenes. It can be extended to other derivatives, in particular, the asymmetrically substituted ones. We also point to the possibility of using specific porphycenes as viscosity sensors, in particular, when working in single molecule regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Kijak
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Nawara
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.,Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Dewajtis 5, 01-815 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Listkowski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.,Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Dewajtis 5, 01-815 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Masiera
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Buczyńska
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Urbańska
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grażyna Orzanowska
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Pietraszkiewicz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Waluk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.,Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Dewajtis 5, 01-815 Warsaw, Poland
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3
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Gil M, Kijak M, Piwoński H, Herbich J, Waluk J. Non-typical fluorescence studies of excited and ground state proton and hydrogen transfer. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2017; 5:014007. [PMID: 28248649 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/aa5e29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence studies of tautomerization have been carried out for various systems that exhibit single and double proton or hydrogen translocation in various environments, such as liquid and solid condensed phases, ultracold supersonic jets, and finally, polymer matrices with single emitters. We focus on less explored areas of application of fluorescence for tautomerization studies, using porphycene, a porphyrin isomer, as an example. Fluorescence anisotropy techniques allow investigations of self-exchange reactions, where the reactant and product are formally identical. Excitation with polarized light makes it possible to monitor tautomerization in single molecules and to detect their three-dimensional orientation. Analysis of fluorescence from single vibronic levels of jet-isolated porphycene not only demonstrates coherent tunneling of two internal protons, but also indicates that the process is vibrational mode-specific. Next, we present bifunctional proton donor-acceptor systems, molecules that are able, depending on the environment, to undergo excited state single intramolecular or double intermolecular proton transfer. For molecules that have donor and acceptor groups located in separate moieties linked by a single bond, excited state tautomerization can be coupled to mutual twisting of the two subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Gil
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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4
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A novel and simple fluorescent and colorimetric primary chemosensor based on Congo-Red for sulfite and resultant complex as secondary fluorescent chemosensor towards carbonate ions: Fluorescent probe mimicking INHIBIT logic gate. Talanta 2015; 149:168-177. [PMID: 26717828 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple receptor based on Congo-Red (CR) was prepared by complexation of CR into two equivalents of Cu (II) ([CR-(Cu)2]) and it has been designed for detection of sulfite and carbonate ions. This chemosensor exhibits high sensitivity for sulfite over other anions in aqueous buffer solution. It exhibits colorimetric 'naked eye' and fluorometric responses to SO3(2-) which results from the addition of SO3(2)(-) to CR diazo moiety. Hereupon, CO3(2-) greatly limits the fluorescence of the resultant sulfite-receptor complex via a hydrogen bonding interaction ([CR-(Cu)2]-SO3). This system can be applied for selective detection of CO3(2-) in the presence of other anions. The detection limits of SO3(2-), calculated by the colorimetric and fluorometric methods, were found to be 0.07 and 0.09µmolL(-)(1), respectively. The sulfite-receptor complex also displayed the ability to detect up to 0.06µmolL(-)(1) CO3(2-). The fluorescence output mimicked 'INHIBIT' logic gate function. The output was exhibited by the intramolecular charge transfer of the [CR-(Cu)2] probe, and was provided by chemical inputs (SO3(2-) and CO3(2-)).
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5
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Golec B, Kijak M, Vetokhina V, Gorski A, Thummel RP, Herbich J, Waluk J. Solvent-Induced Changes in Photophysics and Photostability of Indole-Naphthyridines. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:7283-93. [DOI: 10.1021/jp510846w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Golec
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Kijak
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Volha Vetokhina
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alexandr Gorski
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Randolph P. Thummel
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Jerzy Herbich
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty
of Mathematics and Science, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Dewajtis 5, 01-815 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Waluk
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty
of Mathematics and Science, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Dewajtis 5, 01-815 Warsaw, Poland
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7
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Yang SQ, He GZ. Hydrogen Bonding Effects on the Photophysical Properties of 2,3-dihydro-3-keto-1H-pyrido[3,2,1-kl]phenothiazine. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2012. [DOI: 10.1088/1674-0068/25/03/254-260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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8
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Yang S, Liu J, Zhou P, He G. Solvent Effects on 3-Keto-1H-pyrido[3,2,1-kl]phenothiazine Fluorescence in Polar and Protic Solvents. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:10692-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp2044288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Songqiu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100039, P. R. China
| | - Jianyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Panwang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Guozhong He
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
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9
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Oliver TAA, Zhang Y, Ashfold MNR, Bradforth SE. Linking photochemistry in the gas and solution phase: S–H bond fission in p-methylthiophenol following UV photoexcitation. Faraday Discuss 2011; 150:439-58; discussion 505-32. [DOI: 10.1039/c0fd00031k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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10
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Matsubayashi K, Kajimura C, Shiratori H, Kubo Y, Yoshihara T, Tobita S. Kinetic Analysis for the Effect of Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding on Photophysical Properties ofN-Hydroxyalkyl-1,8-naphthalimides. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2010. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20090330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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11
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Vetokhina V, Kijak M, Wiosna-Sałyga G, Thummel RP, Herbich J, Waluk J. On the origin of fluorescence quenching of pyridylindoles by hydroxylic solvents. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2010; 9:923-30. [PMID: 20445933 DOI: 10.1039/c0pp00043d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Three isomeric 4'-pyridyl-substituted indoles, with the substituent in positions 2, 3 and 7, reveal strong fluorescence in aprotic solvents, both polar and nonpolar, whereas the emission is strongly quenched in water and alcohol solutions. Both viscosity and alcohol acidity play a role in efficient excited state deactivation. The process becomes faster for more acidic alcohols. It can be slowed down by increasing viscosity, which indicates that the proton movement is accompanied by large amplitude motions in the hydrogen-bonded complex. Quenching is not observed upon formation of solvates in which pyridylindoles act as hydrogen bond donors. The experimental results, combined with calculations can be explained by a model which assumes excited state protonation of the pyridine nitrogen atom, followed by twisting of the pyridyl group, leading to a low-energy structure. An alternative mechanism is also considered, in which the excited state proton transfer is accompanied by electron transfer from water or alcohol into a half-filled orbital of the chromophore, which leads to a conical intersection of the S(1) and S(0) energy surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volha Vetokhina
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
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12
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Meyer R, Zhang X, Nau WM. Effect of bridgehead substitution on the fluorescence quenching of 2,3-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-2-enes by solvents and antioxidants. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2009; 8:1694-700. [PMID: 20024166 DOI: 10.1039/b9pp00081j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Azoalkanes of the 2,3-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]-oct-2-ene type have been introduced as probes for antioxidants in homogeneous solution as well as in liposomes and micelles. The bimolecular fluorescence quenching of the bridgehead dichloro-substituted 1,4-dichloro-2,3-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]-oct-2-ene (3) was compared with that of the parent compound 2,3-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]-oct-2-ene (1) and the bridgehead-dialkylated compound 4-methyl-1-isopropyl-2,3-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]-oct-2-ene (2). Compound 3 showed a more efficient fluorescence quenching in C-H containing solvents (e.g., in n-hexane: 30 ns for 3 versus 340 ns for 1 and 770 ns for 2), but a less efficient quenching in aqueous solution (e.g., in deaerated H(2)O: 485 ns for 3 versus 420 ns for 1 and 340 ns for 2), and also by molecular oxygen (k(q)/10(9) M(-1) s(-1) = 0.32 for versus 2.5 for 1 and 1.9 for 2). Towards low-molecular weight antioxidants, compound 3 showed a significantly higher reactivity (e.g., for reduced glutathione: k(q)/10(9) M(-1) s(-1) = 1.8 for 3 versus 0.82 for 1 and 0.39 for 2), at the expense of a lower differentiation between the investigated antioxidants (lower selectivity). The increased reactivity of 3 and lower, as well as qualitatively different, selectivity is attributed to a combination of factors, most importantly the slightly increased excitation energy of 3 and its lower excited-state nucleophilicity. The latter was independently corroborated, besides its longer fluorescence lifetime in aqueous solution, through the trends in quenching rate constants of the azoalkanes 1-3 towards electron-deficient versus electron-rich lactone antioxidants of the benzofuranone type. While common inorganic buffer constituents caused no fluorescence quenching, significant quenching was observed, as a curiosity, for hydrogencarbonate (k(q)/10(6) M(-1) s(-1) = 1.7 for 3 versus 2.4 for 1 and 0.45 for 2), with a fully manifested kinetic deuterium isotope effect (k(q)(H(2)O)/k(q)(D(2)O) = 12) for 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Meyer
- School of Engineering and Science, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, D-28759, Bremen, Germany
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13
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Sarkar A, Banerjee P, Hossain SU, Bhattacharya S, Bhattacharya SC. Role of hydrogen bonding on the spectroscopic properties of thiazolidinedione derivatives in homogeneous solvents. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2009; 72:1097-1102. [PMID: 19211300 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2009.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2008] [Revised: 12/15/2008] [Accepted: 01/03/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this work, three newly synthesized derivatives of thiazolidinediones, with potential for application as drugs in pharmaceutical industry and free radical scavenging activity, have been taken up to investigate their behaviour in different homogeneous solvents. The purpose of this work is to study the solvation characteristics in ground and excited states of the derivatives by monitoring the absorbance and fluorescence band maxima. The steady state and time resolved fluorescence studies in protic and aprotic solvents have been rationalized on the basis of solute-solvent interaction and substituent effect on these photophysical processes have been analyzed. Substituents at different positions of the aryl moiety affect the hydrogen bond formation ability of the probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
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14
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Matsubayashi K, Kubo Y. Control of Photophysical Properties and Photoreactions of Aromatic Imides by Use of Intermolecular Hydrogen Bonding. J Org Chem 2008; 73:4915-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo8003925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Matsubayashi
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Yasuo Kubo
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
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15
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Sinicropi A, Basosi R, Olivucci M. Recent applications of a QM/MM scheme at the CASPT2//CASSCF/AMBER (or CHARMM) level of theory in photochemistry and photobiology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/101/1/012001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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16
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Solntsev KM, Poizat O, Dong J, Rehault J, Lou Y, Burda C, Tolbert LM. Meta and para effects in the ultrafast excited-state dynamics of the green fluorescent protein chromophores. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:2700-11. [PMID: 18269276 DOI: 10.1021/jp077707t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Femtosecond transient absorption and fluorescence upconversion experiments have been performed to investigate the photoinduced dynamics of the meta isomer of the green fluorescent protein chromophore, m-HBDI, and its O-methylated derivative, m-MeOBDI, in various solvent mixtures at neutral, acidic, and basic pH. The para isomer, p-HBDI, and its O- and N-methylated derivatives, p-MeOBDI and p-HBDIMe(+), were also studied for comparison. In all cases, fast quenching of the excited S1 state by internal conversion (IC) to the ground state was observed. In the para compounds, IC, presumably promoted by the internal twisting, arises in <1 ps. A similar process takes place in the meta compounds in nonaqueous solvents but with notably slower kinetics. In aqueous solutions, the meta compounds undergo ultrafast intermolecular excited-state proton transfer that competes with isomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyril M Solntsev
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, USA.
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17
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Sahoo H, Hennig A, Florea M, Roth D, Enderle T, Nau WM. Single-label kinase and phosphatase assays for tyrosine phosphorylation using nanosecond time-resolved fluorescence detection. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:15927-34. [PMID: 18044894 DOI: 10.1021/ja074975w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The collision-induced fluorescence quenching of a 2,3-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-2-ene-labeled asparagine (Dbo) by hydrogen atom abstraction from the tyrosine residue in peptide substrates was introduced as a single-labeling strategy to assay the activity of tyrosine kinases and phosphatases. The assays were tested for 12 different combinations of Dbo-labeled substrates and with the enzymes p60c-Src Src kinase, EGFR kinase, YOP protein tyrosine phosphatase, as well as acid and alkaline phosphatases, thereby demonstrating a broad application potential. The steady-state fluorescence changed by a factor of up to 7 in the course of the enzymatic reaction, which allowed for a sufficient sensitivity of continuous monitoring in steady-state experiments. The fluorescence lifetimes (and intensities) were found to be rather constant for the phosphotyrosine peptides (ca. 300 ns in aerated water), while those of the unphosphorylated peptides were as short as 40 ns (at pH 7) and 7 ns (at pH 13) as a result of intramolecular quenching. Owing to the exceptionally long fluorescence lifetime of Dbo, the assays were alternatively performed by using nanosecond time-resolved fluorescence (Nano-TRF) detection, which leads to an improved discrimination of background fluorescence and an increased sensitivity. The potential for inhibitor screening was demonstrated through the inhibition of acid and alkaline phosphatases by molybdate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harekrushna Sahoo
- School of Engineering and Science, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, D-28759 Bremen, Germany
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18
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Koner AL, Pischel U, Nau WM. Kinetic Solvent Effects on Hydrogen Abstraction Reactions. Org Lett 2007; 9:2899-902. [PMID: 17580891 DOI: 10.1021/ol071165g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Kinetic solvent effects on hydrogen abstractions, namely, acceleration in nonpolar solvents, have been presumed to be restricted to O-H hydrogen donors. We demonstrate that also abstractions from C-H and even Sn-H bonds by cumyloxyl radicals and n,pi*-excited 2,3-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-2-ene are fastest in the gas phase and nonpolar solvents but slowest in acetonitrile. Accordingly, solvent effects on hydrogen abstractions are more general, presumably due to stabilization of the reactive oxygen or nitrogen species in polar solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurba L Koner
- School of Engineering and Science, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, D-28759 Bremen, Germany
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19
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Sampedro Ruiz D, Cembran A, Garavelli M, Olivucci M, Fuß W. Structure of the Conical Intersections Driving the cis-trans Photoisomerization of Conjugated Molecules¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2002)0760622sotcid2.0.co2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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20
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Rehm S, Lenz MO, Mensch S, Schwalbe H, Wachtveitl J. Ultrafast spectroscopy of a photoswitchable 30-amino acid de novo synthesized peptide. Chem Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2005.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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Fuß W, Schmid W, Trushin S. Ultrafast photochemistry of cyclopentadiene: Competing hydrogen migration and electrocyclic ring closure. Chem Phys 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2005.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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Demeter A, Bérces T. Hydrogen-Bond Formation between Isoindolo[2,1-a]indol-6-one and Aliphatic Alcohols in n-Hexane. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:2043-9. [PMID: 16838973 DOI: 10.1021/jp045495j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The spectroscopic, kinetic, and equilibrium properties of isoindolo[2,1-a]indol-6-one (I) were studied in n-hexane in the presence and absence of alcohols (X). Hydrogen-bonded-complex formation was found to occur between the alcohol and the ground state as well as the excited state of the I molecule. The spectra of I and its singly complexed derivative (IX) are similar; however, that of IX is red shifted. The extent of red shift increases with the hydrogen-bonding ability of the alcohol. Equilibrium constant measurements were made to determine the hydrogen-bond basicity (beta(2)(H)) for I and the singlet excited (1)I. The beta(2)(H) value for (1)I is found to be about twice that of the ground-state I. Time-resolved fluorescence decay measurements indicate that the reaction of singlet excited I with fluorinated alcohols is diffusion controlled, while the rate of complexation with nonfluorinated (weaker hydrogen bonding) aliphatic alcohols depends on the Gibbs energy change in the complexation reaction. The quantitative correlation between the rate coefficient of complexation of (1)I with alcohols and the Gibbs energy change in the complexation process allowed us to estimate the rate coefficient for the complexation of the ground-state I with alcohols. The formation of the singlet excited hydrogen-bonded complex is irreversible; (1)IX disappears in a first order and an alcohol induced second order reaction. The first order decay is predominantly due to internal conversion to the ground state, the rate of which depends on the ionization energy of the complexing alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Demeter
- Institute of Structural Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1025 Budapest, Pusztaszeri u. 59-67, Hungary.
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Kijak M, Zielińska A, Chamchoumis C, Herbich J, Thummel RP, Waluk J. Conformational equilibria and photoinduced tautomerization in 2-(2′-pyridyl)pyrrole. Chem Phys Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.10.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Demeter A, Ravasz L, Bérces T. Influence of Hydrogen Bond Formation on the Photophysics of N-(2,6-Dimethylphenyl)-2,3-naphthalimide. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp049693m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Attila Demeter
- Institute of Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1025 Budapest, Pusztaszeri u. 59-67 Hungary
| | - László Ravasz
- Institute of Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1025 Budapest, Pusztaszeri u. 59-67 Hungary
| | - Tibor Bérces
- Institute of Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1025 Budapest, Pusztaszeri u. 59-67 Hungary
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Crespo-Hernández CE, Cohen B, Hare PM, Kohler B. Ultrafast Excited-State Dynamics in Nucleic Acids. Chem Rev 2004; 104:1977-2019. [PMID: 15080719 DOI: 10.1021/cr0206770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 965] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Ground and excited state processes induced by hydrogen bond formation are discussed for a family of heterocyclic compounds which possess both a proton donor (pyrrole NH group) and an acceptor (pyridine-type nitrogen). Excited state double proton transfer and rapid S(0) <-- S(1) internal conversion are observed only for molecules capable of forming cyclic, multiply hydrogen-bonded complexes. If the 1:1 cyclic, doubly hydrogen-bonded solvate is present in the ground state, the phototautomerization occurs even in rigid solvents at low temperatures. Internal conversion process requires solvent rearrangement and, therefore, does not proceed in a rigid environment. Another type of fluorescence quenching was also detected, involving photoinduced electron transfer from an excited chromophore to an aromatic hydrogen-bonded acceptor, such as pyridine. In molecules consisting of proton donor and acceptor units linked by a single bond, syn-anti rotamerization caused by hydrogen bonding is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Waluk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
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Ruiz DS, Cembran A, Garavelli M, Olivucci M, Fuss W. Structure of the conical intersections driving the cis-trans photoisomerization of conjugated molecules. Photochem Photobiol 2002; 76:622-33. [PMID: 12511042 DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2002)076<0622:sotcid>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
High-level ab initio calculations show that the singlet photochemical cis-trans isomerization of organic molecules under isolated conditions can occur according to two distinct mechanisms. These mechanisms are characterized by the different structures of the conical intersection funnels controlling photoproduct formation. In nonpolar (e.g. hydrocarbon) polyenes the lowest-lying funnel corresponds to a (CH)3 kink with both double and adjacent single bonds twisted, which may initiate hula-twist (HT) isomerization. On the other hand, in polar conjugated systems such as protonated Schiff bases (PSB) the funnel shows a structure with just one twisted double bond. The ground-state relaxation paths departing from the funnels indicate that the HT motion may take place in nonpolar conjugated systems but also that the single-bond twist may be turned back, whereas in free conjugated polar molecules such as PSB a one-bond flip mechanism dominates from the beginning. The available experimental evidence either supports these predictions or is at least consistent with them.
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