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Lapoot L, Jabeen S, Durantini AM, Greer A. Role of curvature in acridone for 1 O 2 oxidation of a natural product homoallylic alcohol: A novel iso-hydroperoxide intermediate. Photochem Photobiol 2024; 100:455-464. [PMID: 37602967 DOI: 10.1111/php.13843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
A density functional theoretical (DFT) study is presented, implicating a 1 O2 oxidation process to reach a dihydrobenzofuran from the reaction of the natural homoallylic alcohol, glycocitrine. Our results predict an interconversion between glycocitrine and an iso-hydroperoxide intermediate [R(H)O+ -O- ] that provides a key path in the chemistry which then follows. Formations of allylic hydroperoxides are unlikely from a 1 O2 'ene' reaction. Instead, the dihydrobenzofuran arises by 1 O2 oxidation facilitated by a 16° curvature of the glycocitrine ring imposed by a pyramidal N-methyl group. This curvature facilitates the formation of the iso-hydroperoxide, which is analogous to the iso species CH2 I+ -I- and CHI2 + -I- formed by UV photolysis of CH2 I2 and CHI3 . The iso-hydroperoxide is also structurally reminiscent of carbonyl oxides (R2 C=O+ -O- ) formed in the reaction of carbenes and oxygen. Our DFT results point to intermolecular process, in which the iso-hydroperoxide's fate relates to O-transfer and H2 O dehydration reactions for new insight into the biosynthesis of dihydrobenzofuran natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd Lapoot
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, USA
- Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shakeela Jabeen
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, USA
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andrés M Durantini
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, USA
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Alexander Greer
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, USA
- Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
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2
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Durantini AM, Lapoot L, Jabeen S, Ghosh G, Bipu J, Essang S, Singh BC, Greer A. Tuning the 1O 2 Oxidation of a Phenol at the Air/Solid Interface of a Nanoparticle: Hydrophobic Surface Increases Oxophilicity. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023. [PMID: 37497839 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Although silica surfaces have been used in organic oxidations for the production of peroxides, studies of airborne singlet oxygen at interfaces are limited and have not found widespread advantages. Here, with prenyl phenol-coated silica and delivery of singlet oxygen (1O2) through the gas phase, we uncover significant selectivity for dihydrofuran formation over allylic hydroperoxide formation. The hydrophobic particle causes prenyl phenol to produce an iso-hydroperoxide intermediate with an internally protonated oxygen atom, which leads to dihydrofuran formation as well as O atom transfer. In contrast, hydrophilic particles cause prenyl phenol to produce allylic hydroperoxide, due to phenol OH hydrogen bonding with SiOH surface groups. Mechanistic insight is provided by air/nanoparticle interfaces coated with the prenyl phenol, in which product yield was 6-fold greater on the hydrophobic nanoparticles compared to the hydrophilic nanoparticles and total rate constants (ASI-kT) of 1O2 were 13-fold greater on the hydrophobic vs hydrophilic nanoparticles. A slope intersection method was also developed that uses the airborne 1O2 lifetime (τairborne) and surface-associated 1O2 lifetime (τsurf) to quantitate 1O2 transitioning from volatile to non-volatile and surface boundary (surface···1O2). Further mechanistic insights on the selectivity of the reaction of prenyl phenol with 1O2 was provided by density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés M Durantini
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nac. 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto, Córdoba X5804BYA, Argentina
| | - Lloyd Lapoot
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Shakeela Jabeen
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Goutam Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Johirul Bipu
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States
| | - Serah Essang
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Britney C Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Alexander Greer
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
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3
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Bordier C, Escande V, Darcel C. Past and current routes to β-hydroperoxy alcohols: A functional group with high potential in organic synthesis. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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4
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Kinetic analysis of the partial synthesis of artemisinin: Photooxygenation to the intermediate hydroperoxide. J Flow Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s41981-021-00181-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe price of the currently best available antimalarial treatment is driven in large part by the limited availability of its base drug compound artemisinin. One approach to reduce the artemisinin cost is to efficiently integrate the partial synthesis of artemisinin starting from its biological precursor dihydroartemisinic acid (DHAA) into the production process. The optimal design of such an integrated process is a complex task that is easier to solve through simulations studies and process modelling. In this article, we present a quantitative kinetic model for the photooxygenation of DHAA to an hydroperoxide, the essential initial step of the partial synthesis to artemisinin. The photooxygenation reactions were studied in a two-phase photo-flow reactor utilizing Taylor flow for enhanced mixing and fast gas-liquid mass transfer. A good agreement of the model and the experimental data was achieved for all combinations of photosensitizer concentration, photon flux, fluid velocity and both liquid and gas phase compositions. Deviations between simulated predictions and measurements for the amount of hydroperoxide formed are 7.1 % on average. Consequently, the identified and parameterized kinetic model is exploited to investigate different behaviors of the reactor under study. In a final step, the kinetic model is utilized to suggest attractive operating windows for future applications of the photooxygenation of DHAA exploiting reaction rates that are not affected by mass transfer limitations.
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5
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Orfanopoulos M. Singlet Oxygen: Discovery, Chemistry, C 60 -Sensitization †. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 97:1182-1218. [PMID: 34240450 DOI: 10.1111/php.13486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This review article refers to the discovery of excited molecular oxygen, in particular on its lower singlet excited state (1 Δg , 1 O2 ). After a short report on singlet oxygen generation, the review is focused on the chemistry of this reactive species. Specifically, the three major reactions of 1 O2 with unsaturated organic substrates, namely the [4 + 2] and [2 +2] cycloadditions as well as the ene reaction, are reviewed. The proposed mechanisms of these reactions, through the years, based on experimental and computational work, have been presented. Selected examples of singlet oxygen-synthetic applications are also mentioned. The [60]fullerene and fullereno-materials photosensitized oxidations in homogeneous, as well as in heterogeneous conditions, are also comprehensively discussed. Finally, the self-sensitized photooxidation of open cage fullerenes as well as fullerenes bearing oxidizable groups is reported.
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6
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Louvel D, De Dios Miguel T, Duc Vu N, Duguet N. The Chemistry of β‐Hydroxy Hydroperoxides. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Louvel
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, CNRS, INSA, CPE-Lyon Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, ICBMS UMR 5246, Equipe CAtalyse, SYnthèse et ENvironnement (CASYEN), Bâtiment Lederer 1 rue Victor Grignard 69100 Villeurbanne cedex France
| | - Thomas De Dios Miguel
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, CNRS, INSA, CPE-Lyon Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, ICBMS UMR 5246, Equipe CAtalyse, SYnthèse et ENvironnement (CASYEN), Bâtiment Lederer 1 rue Victor Grignard 69100 Villeurbanne cedex France
| | - Nam Duc Vu
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, CNRS, INSA, CPE-Lyon Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, ICBMS UMR 5246, Equipe CAtalyse, SYnthèse et ENvironnement (CASYEN), Bâtiment Lederer 1 rue Victor Grignard 69100 Villeurbanne cedex France
| | - Nicolas Duguet
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, CNRS, INSA, CPE-Lyon Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, ICBMS UMR 5246, Equipe CAtalyse, SYnthèse et ENvironnement (CASYEN), Bâtiment Lederer 1 rue Victor Grignard 69100 Villeurbanne cedex France
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7
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Bayer P, Schachtner J, Májek M, Jacobi von Wangelin A. Visible light-mediated photo-oxygenation of arylcyclohexenes. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00493a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The photo-oxygenation of versatile arylcycloalkenes proceeds through zwitterionic intermediates and provides access to new allyl hydroperoxides and endoperoxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Bayer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Regensburg
- Germany
- Dept. of Chemistry
- University of Hamburg
| | | | - Michal Májek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Regensburg
- Germany
| | - Axel Jacobi von Wangelin
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Regensburg
- Germany
- Dept. of Chemistry
- University of Hamburg
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8
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Kleczka M, But D, Dylong D, Fendinger C, Marmann V, Wartke C, Griesbeck AG. Two Useful Directing Modes in Singlet Oxygen Reactivity: Electrostatic Effects in the Ene Reaction with Allylic Alcoholates and a Chemoselectivity Change with α-Alkoxy Michael Esters. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201800133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Margarethe Kleczka
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cologne; Greinstr. 4 D-50939 Köln Germany
| | - Diana But
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cologne; Greinstr. 4 D-50939 Köln Germany
| | - Dominik Dylong
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cologne; Greinstr. 4 D-50939 Köln Germany
| | - Carolina Fendinger
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cologne; Greinstr. 4 D-50939 Köln Germany
| | - Verena Marmann
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cologne; Greinstr. 4 D-50939 Köln Germany
| | - Christian Wartke
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cologne; Greinstr. 4 D-50939 Köln Germany
| | - Axel G. Griesbeck
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cologne; Greinstr. 4 D-50939 Köln Germany
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9
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Bayer P, Pérez-Ruiz R, Jacobi von Wangelin A. Stereoselective Photooxidations by the Schenck Ene Reaction. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201800058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Bayer
- Dept. of Chemistry; University of Hamburg; Martin Luther King Pl 6 20146 Hamburg Germany
| | | | - Axel Jacobi von Wangelin
- Dept. of Chemistry; University of Hamburg; Martin Luther King Pl 6 20146 Hamburg Germany
- University of Regensburg; Germany
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10
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Griesbeck AG, Goldfuss B, Jäger C, Brüllingen E, Lippold T, Kleczka M. Strong Asymmetry in the Perepoxide Bifurcation Mechanism: The Large-Group Effect in the Singlet Oxygen Ene Reaction with Allylic Alcohols. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201600041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Axel G. Griesbeck
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cologne; Greinstraße 4 50939 Köln Germany), Fax: (+49) 221-4701166
| | - Bernd Goldfuss
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cologne; Greinstraße 4 50939 Köln Germany), Fax: (+49) 221-4701166
| | - Christina Jäger
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cologne; Greinstraße 4 50939 Köln Germany), Fax: (+49) 221-4701166
| | - Eric Brüllingen
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cologne; Greinstraße 4 50939 Köln Germany), Fax: (+49) 221-4701166
| | - Tim Lippold
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cologne; Greinstraße 4 50939 Köln Germany), Fax: (+49) 221-4701166
| | - Margarethe Kleczka
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cologne; Greinstraße 4 50939 Köln Germany), Fax: (+49) 221-4701166
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11
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Griesbeck AG, Bräutigam M, Kleczka M, Raabe A. Synthetic Approaches to Mono- and Bicyclic Perortho-Esters with a Central 1,2,4-Trioxane Ring as the Privileged Lead Structure in Antimalarial and Antitumor-Active Peroxides and Clarification of the Peroxide Relevance. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22010119. [PMID: 28085079 PMCID: PMC6155645 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of 4-styryl-substituted 2,3,8-trioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes, peroxides with the core structure of the bioactive 1,2,4-trioxane ring, was conducted by a multistep route starting from the aryl methyl ketones 1a–1c. Condensation and reduction/oxidation delivered enals 4a–4c that were coupled with ethyl acetate and reduced to the 1,3-diol substrates 6a–6c. Highly diastereoselective photooxygenation delivered the hydroperoxides 7a–7c and subsequent PPTS (pyridinium-p-toluenesulfonic acid)-catalyzed peroxyacetalization with alkyl triorthoacetates gave the cyclic peroxides 8a–8e. These compounds in general show only moderate antimalarial activities. In order to extend the repertoire of cyclic peroxide structure, we aimed for the synthesis of spiro-perorthocarbonates from orthoester condensation of β-hydroxy hydroperoxide 9 but could only realize the monocyclic perorthocarbonate 10. That the central peroxide moiety is the key structural motif in anticancer active GST (glutathione S-transferase)-inhibitors was elucidated by the synthesis of a 1,3-dioxane 15—with a similar substitution pattern as the pharmacologically active peroxide 11—via a singlet oxygen ene route from the homoallylic alcohol 12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel G Griesbeck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstr. 4, 50939 Köln, Germany.
| | - Maria Bräutigam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstr. 4, 50939 Köln, Germany.
| | - Margarethe Kleczka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstr. 4, 50939 Köln, Germany.
| | - Angela Raabe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstr. 4, 50939 Köln, Germany.
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12
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Abramova I, Rudshteyn B, Liebman JF, Greer A. Computed Regioselectivity and Conjectured Biological Activity of Ene Reactions of Singlet Oxygen with the Natural Product Hyperforin. Photochem Photobiol 2017; 93:626-631. [PMID: 28052331 DOI: 10.1111/php.12706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Hyperforin is a constituent of St. John's wort and coexists with the singlet oxygen sensitizer hypericin. Density functional theory, molecular mechanics and Connolly surface calculations show that accessibility in the singlet oxygen "ene" reaction favors the hyperforin "southwest" and "southeast" prenyl (2-methyl-2-butenyl) groups over the northern prenyl groups. While the southern part of hyperforin is initially more susceptible to oxidation, up to 4 "ene" reactions of singlet oxygen can take place. Computational results assist in predicting the fate of adjacent hydroperoxides in hyperforin, where the loss of hydrogen atoms may lead to the formation of a hydrotrioxide and a carbonyl instead of a Russell reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna Abramova
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate Center, City University of New York, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Benjamin Rudshteyn
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate Center, City University of New York, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Joel F Liebman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD
| | - Alexander Greer
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate Center, City University of New York, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, NY
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13
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Griesbeck AG, Kleczka M, de Kiff A, Vollmer M, Eske A, Sillner S. Singlet oxygen and natural substrates: functional polyunsaturated models for the photooxidative degradation of carotenoids. PURE APPL CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2015-0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe primary chemical reactions of singlet molecular oxygen with polyunsaturated carotenoids are the focus of this research report. Model compounds that exhibit electronic properties and substituent pattern similar to natural carotenes, xanthophylls or apocarotenoids, respectively, were investigated with regard to photooxygenation reactivity. For dienes and trienes as substrates, high tandem reactivity was observed and hydroperoxy-endoperoxides were isolated as the secondary products of singlet oxygen reaction. The electronic gem-effect on the regioselectivity of the ene reaction is conserved also in vinylogous positions and thus appears to originate from a radical-stabilizing effect. In an attempt to combine different peroxide groups derived from natural products as a tool for new pharmaceutically active products, a dyade synthesis of an artemisinine-safranol with subsequent singlet oxygen addition was realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel G. Griesbeck
- 1Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstr. 4, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Margarethe Kleczka
- 1Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstr. 4, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Alan de Kiff
- 1Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstr. 4, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Moritz Vollmer
- 1Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstr. 4, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Angelika Eske
- 1Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstr. 4, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sarah Sillner
- 1Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstr. 4, 50939 Cologne, Germany
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14
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Griesbeck AG, Maaßen A, Bräutigam M, Pietsch M. Model Studies on Peroxidic Glutathione Transferase (GST) Inhibitors: C5-Methylated 1,2,4-Trioxanes with C6-Acrylate Side Chains. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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15
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Griesbeck AG, de Kiff A, Kleczka M. Tetraphenylporphyrin-Catalyzed Tandem Photooxygenation of Polyenes and 1,4-Dienes: Multiple and Diverse Oxyfunctionalizations. Adv Synth Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201400565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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16
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Zhou Y, Park H, Kim P, Jiang Y, Costello CE. Surface oxidation under ambient air--not only a fast and economical method to identify double bond positions in unsaturated lipids but also a reminder of proper lipid processing. Anal Chem 2014; 86:5697-705. [PMID: 24832382 PMCID: PMC4066906 DOI: 10.1021/ac404214a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A simple, fast approach elucidated carbon-carbon double bond positions in unsaturated lipids. Lipids were deposited onto various surfaces and the products from their oxidation in ambient air were observed by electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry (MS). The most common oxidative products, aldehydes, were detected as transformations at the cleaved double bond positions. Ozonides and carboxylic acids were generated in certain lipids. Investigations of the conditions controlling the appearance of these products indicated that the surface oxidation depends on light and ambient air. Since the lipid oxidation was slower in a high concentration of ozone, singlet oxygen appeared to be a parallel oxidant for unsaturated lipids. The 3-hydroxyl group in the sphingoid base of sulfatides offered some protection from oxidation for the Δ4,5-double bond, slowing its oxidation rate relative to that of the isolated double bond in the N-linked fatty acyl chain. Direct sampling by thin-layer chromatography (TLC)-ESI-MS provides a powerful approach to elucidate detailed structural information on biological samples. Co-localization of the starting lipids and their oxidation products after TLC separation allowed assignment of the native unsaturation sites. Phosphatidylserine and N,N-dimethyl phosphatidylethanolamine isomers in a bovine brain total lipid extract were distinguished on the basis of their oxidation products. Meanwhile, the findings reported herein reveal a potential pitfall in the assignment of structures to lipids extracted from TLC plates because of artifactual oxidation after the plate development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Mass Spectrometry Resource, Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States
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17
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Eske A, Goldfuss B, Griesbeck AG, de Kiff A, Kleczka M, Leven M, Neudörfl JM, Vollmer M. Ene-diene transmissive cycloaddition reactions with singlet oxygen: the vinylogous gem effect and its use for polyoxyfunctionalization of dienes. J Org Chem 2014; 79:1818-29. [PMID: 24475891 DOI: 10.1021/jo5000434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The singlet oxygen reactivities and regioselectivities of the model compounds 1b-d were compared with those of the geminal (gem) selectivity model ethyl tiglate (1a). The kinetic cis effect is k(E)/k(Z) = 5.2 for the tiglate/angelate system 1a/1a' without a change in the high gem regioselectivity. Further conjugation to vinyl groups enabled mode-selective processes, namely, [4 + 2] cycloadditions versus ene reactions. The site-specific effects of methylation on the mode selectivity and the regioselectivity of the ene reaction were studied for dienes 1e-g. A vinylogous gem effect was observed for the γ,δ-dimethylated and α,γ,δ-trimethylated substrates 1h and 1i, respectively. The corresponding phenylated substrates 1j-l showed similar mode selectivity, as monomethylated 1j exhibited exclusively [4 + 2] reactivity while the tandem products 12 and 14 were isolated from the di- and trimethylated substrates 1k and 1l, respectively. The vinylogous gem effect favors the formation of 1,3-dienes from the substrates, and thus, secondary singlet oxygen addition was observed to give hydroperoxy-1,2-dioxenes 19 and 20 in an ene-diene transmissive cycloaddition sequence. These products were reduced to give alcohols (16, 17, and 18) or furans (24 and 25), respectively, or treated with titanium(IV) alkoxides to give the epoxy alcohols 26 and 27. The vinylogous gem effect is rationalized by DFT calculations showing that biradicals are the low-energy intermediates and that no reaction path bifurcations compete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Eske
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne , Greinstr. 4, D-50939 Cologne, Germany
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18
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Geer MF, Walla MD, Solntsev KM, Strassert CA, Shimizu LS. Self-assembled benzophenone bis-urea macrocycles facilitate selective oxidations by singlet oxygen. J Org Chem 2013; 78:5568-78. [PMID: 23672574 DOI: 10.1021/jo400685u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This manuscript investigates how incorporation of benzophenone, a well-known triplet sensitizer, within a bis-urea macrocycle, which self-assembles into a columnar host, influences its photophysical properties and affects the reactivity of bound guest molecules. We further report the generation of a remarkably stable organic radical. As expected, UV irradiation of the host suspended in oxygenated solvents efficiently generates singlet oxygen similar to the parent benzophenone. In addition, this host can bind guests such as 2-methyl-2-butene and cumene to form stable solid host-guest complexes. Subsequent UV irradiation of these complexes facilitated the selective oxidation of 2-methyl-2-butene into the allylic alcohol, 3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol, at 90% selectivity as well as the selective reaction of cumene to the tertiary alcohol, α,α'-dimethyl benzyl alcohol, at 63% selectivity. However, these products usually arise through radical pathways and are not observed in the presence of benzophenone in solution. In contrast, typical reactions with benzophenone result in the formation of the reactive singlet oxygen that reacts with alkenes to form endoperoxides, diooxetanes, or hydroperoxides, which are not observed in our system. Our results suggest that the confinement, the formation of a stable radical species, and the singlet oxygen photoproduction are responsible for the selective oxidation processes. A greater understanding of the mechanism of this selective oxidation could lead to development of greener oxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Geer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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Griesbeck AG, Kiff AD. A New Directing Mode for Singlet Oxygen Ene Reactions: The Vinylogous Gem Effect Enables a 1O2 Domino Ene/[4 + 2] Process. Org Lett 2013; 15:2073-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol4009602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan de Kiff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, 50939 Köln, Germany
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Abstract
A β-hydroxy hydroperoxide was obtained through base-catalyzed disproportionation of a hydroperoxy endoperoxide available by singlet oxygenation of cyclohepta-1,4-diene. Vitamins E and C induce fragmentation of this β-hydroxy hydroperoxide generating aldehydes, especially in the presence of redox active metal ions such as those present in vivo, e.g., under conditions of "iron overload". This chemistry may contribute to the oxidative cleavage of polyunsaturated fatty acyls that produces similar aldehydes, which damage proteins and DNA through covalent adduction resulting in "oxidative injury".
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Gu
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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21
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Covalently immobilized porphyrins on silica modified structures as photooxidation catalysts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2010.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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22
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Haeuptle MA, Hülsmeier AJ, Hennet T. HPLC and mass spectrometry analysis of dolichol-phosphates at the cell culture scale. Anal Biochem 2009; 396:133-8. [PMID: 19761748 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2009.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2009] [Revised: 09/11/2009] [Accepted: 09/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Dolichols (Dol) are polyprenol lipids that are essential structural components of eukaryotic membranes. In addition, the phosphorylated derivatives of Dol function as lipid anchors of mono- and oligosaccharide precursors involved in protein glycosylation. The biological importance of Dol phosphates (Dol-P) is illustrated by the severe outcome of human disorders linked to Dol biosynthetic defects, such as Dol-kinase deficiency. For characterization of inherited human diseases and evaluation of therapeutic trials, cultured cells often serve as a sole possible source for experimentation. Limited amounts of cell culture material render the quantitative analysis of Dol a challenging task. Here, we present HPLC- and mass spectrometry-based approaches to analyze and quantitate Dol-P from cultured human cells. The composition of naturally occurring Dol-P and the saturation state of the alpha-isoprene units was identified by negative-ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Furthermore, fluorescently labeled Dol-P were separated by HPLC and quantified by comparison to known amounts of the internal standard polyprenol-P. The effect of pravastatin, a 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme-A reductase inhibitor, on the formation of Dol-P in HeLa cells was investigated. As expected, this treatment led to a decrease of Dol-P down to 35% of normal levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micha A Haeuptle
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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Griesbeck AG, Cho M. Singlet oxygen addition to homoallylic substrates in solution and microemulsion: novel secondary reactions. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.10.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Photooxygenation Catalysis with a Polyol-Decorated Disc-Shaped Porphyrin Sensitizer: Shell-Recognition Effects. Adv Synth Catal 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200800282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Hoffmann
- Laboratoire des Réactions Sélectives et Applications, UMR 6519 CNRS et Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, F-51687 Reims, Cedex 02, France
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Griesbeck A, Blunk D, El-Idreesy T, Raabe A. Bicyclic Peroxides and Perorthoesters with 1,2,4-Trioxane Structures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:8883-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200701397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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27
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Griesbeck A, Blunk D, El-Idreesy T, Raabe A. Bicyclische Peroxide und Perorthoester mit 1,2,4-Trioxanstruktur. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200701397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Griesbeck AG, Bartoschek A, Neudörfl J, Miara C. Stereoselectivity in ene reactions with 1O2: matrix effects in polymer supports, photo-oxygenation of organic salts and asymmetric synthesis. Photochem Photobiol 2007; 82:1233-40. [PMID: 16674271 DOI: 10.1562/2006-03-03-ra-832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The ene reaction of chiral allylic alcohols is applied as a tool for the investigation of intrapolymer effects by means of the stereoselectivity of the singlet-oxygen addition. The diastereo selectivity strongly depends on the structure of the polymer, the substrate loading degree and also on the degree of conversion demonstrating additional supramolecular effects evolving during the reaction. The efficiency and the stability of polymer-bound sensitizers were evaluated by the ene reaction of singlet oxygen with citronellol. The ene reaction with chiral ammonium salts of tiglic acid was conducted under solution phase conditions or in polystyrene beads under chiral contact ion-pair conditions. The products thus obtained precipitate during the photoreaction as ammonium salts. Moderate asymmetric induction was observed for this procedure for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel G Griesbeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Köln, Greinstrasse 4, 50939 Köln, Germany.
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Griesbeck AG, Bartoschek A, El-Idreesy TT, Höinck O, Miara C. Type II photooxygenation in polymer matrices for the synthesis of new antimalarial peroxides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2006.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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30
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Dichtel WR, Baek KY, Fréchet JMJ, Rietveld IB, Vinogradov SA. Amphiphilic diblock star polymer catalysts via atom transfer radical polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.21610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Clennan EL, Zhang D, Singleton J. A Comparison of Intrazeolite and Solution Singlet Oxygen Ene Reactions of Allylic Alcohols. Photochem Photobiol 2006; 82:1226-32. [PMID: 16448218 DOI: 10.1562/2006-01-09-ra-768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The singlet oxygen ene reactions of four allylic alcohols and for comparison an allylic ether have been examined both in solution and in zeolite Y. Brønsted acid sites in the zeolite were shown to induce decomposition of several of the allylic alcohols. Treatment of the zeolites with pyridine removed these acid sites and allowed intrazeolite reactions of the allylic alcohols without interference from decomposition. Control reactions with an allylic alcohol that is inert to decomposition provided evidence that the presence of pyridine in the zeolite labyrinth does not influence the product composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward L Clennan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming, 1000 East University Avenue, Laramie, WY, USA.
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Maranzana A, Canepa C, Ghigo G, Tonachini G. Theoretical Study on the Reactivity and Regioselectivity of the Ene Reaction of1Δg O2 with α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds. European J Org Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200500215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Griesbeck AG, El-Idreesy TT. Solvent-free photooxygenation of 5-methoxyoxazoles in polystyrene nanocontainers doped with tetrastyrylporphyrine and protoporphyrine-IX. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2005; 4:205-9. [PMID: 15696238 DOI: 10.1039/b416159a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A solvent-free route for the photooxygenation of the 5-methoxyoxazoles (1) is described. The substrates were embedded in nanosized polystyrene particles generated by the emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization of styrene with divinylbenzene and porphyrine dyes as cross-polymerizable reagents. From the photooxygenation of , the 1,2,4-dioxazoles (2) were formed and isolated from the reaction cavities by ethanol extraction. From comparison of the substrate conversions, the efficiency of singlet oxygen generation from the porphyrine dyestuff and the stability of the sensitizing material were estimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel G Griesbeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstr. 4, 50939, Koln, Germany.
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