1
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Mohanakumar S, Lee N, Wiegand S. Complementary Experimental Methods to Obtain Thermodynamic Parameters of Protein Ligand Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214198. [PMID: 36430678 PMCID: PMC9692857 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, thermophoresis has emerged as a promising tool for quantifying biomolecular interactions. The underlying microscopic physical effect is still not understood, but often attributed to changes in the hydration layer once the binding occurs. To gain deeper insight, we investigate whether non-equilibrium coefficients can be related to equilibrium properties. Therefore, we compare thermophoretic data measured by thermal diffusion forced Rayleigh scattering (TDFRS) (which is a non-equilibrium process) with thermodynamic data obtained by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) (which is an equilibrium process). As a reference system, we studied the chelation reaction between ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and calcium chloride (CaCl2) to relate the thermophoretic behavior quantified by the Soret coefficient ST to the Gibb's free energy ΔG determined in the ITC experiment using an expression proposed by Eastman. Finally, we have studied the binding of the protein Bovine Carbonic Anhydrase I (BCA I) to two different benzenesulfonamide derivatives: 4-fluorobenzenesulfonamide (4FBS) and pentafluorobenzenesulfonamide (PFBS). For all three systems, we find that the Gibb's free energies calculated from ST agree with ΔG from the ITC experiment. In addition, we also investigate the influence of fluorescent labeling, which allows measurements in a thermophoretic microfluidic cell. Re-examination of the fluorescently labeled system using ITC showed a strong influence of the dye on the binding behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Mohanakumar
- IBI-4—Biomacromolecular Systems and Processes, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Namkyu Lee
- IBI-4—Biomacromolecular Systems and Processes, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Simone Wiegand
- IBI-4—Biomacromolecular Systems and Processes, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52428 Jülich, Germany
- Chemistry Department-Physical Chemistry, University of Colgone, D-50939 Cologne, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-2461-61-6654
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2
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Luo D, Zhao C, Xue G, Cao Z, Oztekin A, Cheng X. Label-free focusing of viral particles under a temperature gradient coupled with continuous swirling flow. RSC Adv 2022; 12:4263-4275. [PMID: 35425424 PMCID: PMC8981173 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra09462a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The advances of biomedicine and biotechnology demand new approaches to enrich biological nanoparticles, such as viruses, viral vectors and nanovesicles, in an easy-to-operate fashion. Conventional methods, such as ultracentrifugation and ultrafiltration, require bulky instruments and extensive manual operation. Inspired by recent research of thermophoresis of biomolecules and bio-nanoparticles in aqueous solutions, we present a microfluidic design that directly focuses nanoparticles in a label-free and flow-through process by coupling an engineered swirling flow and a moderate, one-dimensional temperature gradient. Enrichment of polystyrene particles, HIV and bacteriophage samples was quantitatively determined, indicating the compatibility of the microfluidic approach with synthetic and biological samples. The focusing results are well predicted using a numerical model. As thermophoresis is ubiquitous, the microfluidic approach can be applied broadly to bio-nanoparticle enrichment without the necessity of labeling, buffer exchange, or sheath fluids, permitting continuous retrieval of concentrated species in a simple, controlled flow with little infrastructure needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danli Luo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Lehigh University Bethlehem PA 18015 USA
| | - Chao Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Lehigh University Bethlehem PA 18015 USA
| | - Guanyang Xue
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University Bethlehem PA 18015 USA
| | - Zhibo Cao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Lehigh University Bethlehem PA 18015 USA
| | - Alparslan Oztekin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University Bethlehem PA 18015 USA
| | - Xuanhong Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Lehigh University Bethlehem PA 18015 USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University Bethlehem PA 18015 USA
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3
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Abstract
The optical manipulation of tiny objects is significant to understand and to explore the unknown in the microworld, which has found many applications in materials science and life science. Physically speaking, these technologies arise from direct or indirect optomechanical coupling to convert incident optical energy to mechanical energy of target objects, while their efficiency and functionalities are determined by the coupling behavior. Traditional optical tweezers stem from direct light-to-matter momentum transfer, and the generation of an optical gradient force requires high optical power and rigorous optics. As a comparison, the opto-thermophoretic manipulation techniques proposed recently originate from high-efficiency opto-thermomechanical coupling and feature low optical power. Through rational design of the light-generated temperature gradient and exploring the mechanical response of diverse targets to the temperature gradient, a variety of opto-thermophoretic techniques were developed, which exhibit broad applicability to a wide range of target objects from colloid materials to biological cells to biomolecules. In this review, we will discuss the underlying mechanism of thermophoresis in different liquid environments, the cutting-edge technological innovation, and their applications in colloidal science and life science. We also provide a brief outlook on the existing challenges and anticipate their future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Haidian, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Linhan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Haidian, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hong-Bo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Haidian, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
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4
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Arango-Restrepo A, Rubi JM. Role of Interfacial Entropy in the Particle-Size Dependence of Thermophoretic Mobility. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:045901. [PMID: 32794822 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.045901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We show that changes in the surface tension of a particle due to the presence of nonionic surfactants and impurities, which alter the interfacial entropy, have an impact on the value of the thermophoretic mobility. We have found the existence of different behaviors of this quantity in terms of particle size which can be summarized through a power law. For particles that are small enough, the thermophoretic mobility is a constant, whereas for larger particles it is linear in the particle radius. These results show the important role of the interfacial entropic effects on the behavior of the thermophoretic mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Arango-Restrepo
- Departament de Física de la Matéria Condensada, Facultat de Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J M Rubi
- Departament de Física de la Matéria Condensada, Facultat de Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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5
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Sharma V, Paul D, Chaubey SK, Tiwari S, Kumar GVP. Large-scale optothermal assembly of colloids mediated by a gold microplate. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:324002. [PMID: 32235046 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab8552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Light-activated colloidal assembly and swarming can act as model systems to explore non-equilibrium state of matter. In this context, creating new experimental platforms to facilitate and control two-dimensional assembly of colloidal crystals are of contemporary interest. In this paper, we present an experimental study of assembly of colloidal silica microparticles in the vicinity of a single-crystalline gold microplate evanescently excited by a 532 nm laser beam. The gold microplate acts as a source of heat and establishes a thermal gradient in the system. The created optothermal potential assembles colloids to form a two-dimensional poly-crystal, and we quantify the coordination number and hexagonal packing order of the assembly in such a driven system. Our experimental investigation shows that for a given particle size, the variation in assembly can be tuned as a function of excitation-polarization and surface to volume ratio of the gold microplates. Furthermore, we observe that the assembly is dependent on size of the particle and its material composition. Specifically, silica colloids assemble but polystyrene colloids do not, indicating an intricate behaviour of the forces under play. Our work highlights a promising direction in utilizing metallic microstructures that can be harnessed for optothermal colloidal crystal assembly and swarming studies. Our experimental system can be utilized to explore optically driven matter and photophoretic interactions in soft-matter including biological systems such as cells and micro organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Sharma
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune-411008, India
| | - Diptabrata Paul
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune-411008, India
| | - Shailendra K Chaubey
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune-411008, India
| | - Sunny Tiwari
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune-411008, India
| | - G V Pavan Kumar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune-411008, India
- Center for Energy Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune-411008, India
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6
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Thermophoresis: The Case of Streptavidin and Biotin. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12020376. [PMID: 32046223 PMCID: PMC7077373 DOI: 10.3390/polym12020376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermophoretic behavior of a free protein changes upon ligand binding and gives access to information on the binding constants. The Soret effect has also been proven to be a promising tool to gain information on the hydration layer, as the temperature dependence of the thermodiffusion behavior is sensitive to solute–solvent interactions. In this work, we perform systematic thermophoretic measurements of the protein streptavidin (STV) and of the complex STV with biotin (B) using thermal diffusion forced Rayleigh scattering (TDFRS). Our experiments show that the temperature sensitivity of the Soret coefficient is reduced for the complex compared to the free protein. We discuss our data in comparison with recent quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS) measurements. As the QENS measurement has been performed in heavy water, we perform additional measurements in water/heavy water mixtures. Finally, we also elucidate the challenges arising from the quantiative thermophoretic study of complex multicomponent systems such as protein solutions.
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7
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Niether D, Wiegand S. Thermophoresis of biological and biocompatible compounds in aqueous solution. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2019; 31:503003. [PMID: 31491783 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab421c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
With rising popularity of microscale thermophoresis for the characterisation of protein-ligand binding reactions and possible applications in microfluidic devices, there is a growing interest in considering thermodiffusion in the context of life sciences. But although the understanding of thermodiffusion in non-polar mixtures has grown rapidly in recent years, predictions for associated mixtures like aqueous solutions remain challenging. This review aims to give an overview of the literature on thermodiffusion in aqueous systems, show the difficulties in theoretical description that arise from the non-ideal behaviour of water-mixtures, and highlight the relevance of thermodiffusion in a biological context. We find that the thermodiffusion in aqueous systems is dominated by contributions from heat of transfer, hydrogen bond interactions and charge effects. However, the separation of these effects is often difficult, especially in case of biological systems where a systematic exclusion of contributions may not be feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Niether
- ICS-3 Soft Condensed Matter, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52428 Jülich, Germany
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8
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Bjelčić M, Niether D, Wiegand S. Correlation between thermophoretic behavior and hydrophilicity for various alcohols ⋆. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2019; 42:68. [PMID: 31144058 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2019-11831-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent experiments for various amides and sugars showed a clear correlation of the temperature dependence of the Soret coefficient with the hydrophilicity, quantitatively described by the logarithm of the 1-octanol/water partition coefficient log P . This coefficient is a measure for the hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity balance of a solute and is often used to model the transport of a compound in the environment or to screen for potential pharmaceutical compounds. In order to validate whether this concept works also for other water soluble molecules we investigated systematically the thermophoresis of mono- and polyhydric alcohols. As experimental method we use a holographic grating technique called infrared Thermal Diffusion Forced Rayleigh Scattering (IR-TDFRS). Experiments showed that the temperature dependence of the Soret coefficient of polyhydric alcohols also correlates with log P and lies on the same master plot as amides and sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Bjelčić
- ICS-3 Soft Condensed Matter, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Doreen Niether
- ICS-3 Soft Condensed Matter, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Simone Wiegand
- ICS-3 Soft Condensed Matter, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52428, Jülich, Germany.
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9
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Arango-Restrepo A, Rubi JM. The Soret coefficient from the Faxén theorem for a particle moving in a fluid under a temperature gradient. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2019; 42:55. [PMID: 31076909 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2019-11822-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We compute the Soret coefficient for a particle moving through a fluid subjected to a temperature gradient. The viscosity and thermal conductivity of the particle are in general different from those of the solvent and its surface tension may depend on temperature. We find that the Soret coefficient depends linearly on the derivative of the surface tension with respect to temperature and decreases in accordance with the ratios between viscosities and thermal conductivities of particle and solvent. Additionally, the Soret coefficient also depends on a parameter which gives the ratio between Marangoni and shear stresses, a dependence which results from the local stresses inducing a heat flux along the particle surface. Our results are compared to those obtained by using the Stokes value for the mobility in the calculation of the Soret coefficient and in the estimation of the radius of the particle. We show cases in which these differences may be important. The new expression of the Soret coefficient can systematically be used for a more accurate study of thermophoresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Arango-Restrepo
- Departament de Física de la Matéria Condensada, Facultat de Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 647, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - J Miguel Rubi
- Departament de Física de la Matéria Condensada, Facultat de Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 647, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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10
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Niether D, Kawaguchi T, Hovancová J, Eguchi K, Dhont JKG, Kita R, Wiegand S. Role of Hydrogen Bonding of Cyclodextrin-Drug Complexes Probed by Thermodiffusion. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:8483-8492. [PMID: 28780866 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Temperature gradient-induced migration of biomolecules, known as thermophoresis or thermodiffusion, changes upon ligand binding. In recent years, this effect has been used to determine protein-ligand binding constants. The mechanism through which thermodiffusive properties change when complexes are formed, however, is not understood. An important contribution to thermodiffusive properties originates from the thermal response of hydrogen bonds. Because there is a considerable difference between the degree of solvation of the protein-ligand complex and its isolated components, ligand-binding is accompanied by a significant change in hydration. The aim of the present work is therefore to investigate the role played by hydrogen bonding on the change in thermodiffusive behavior upon ligand-binding. As a model system, we use cyclodextrins (CDs) and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), where quite a significant change in hydration is expected and where no conformational changes occur when a CD/ASA complex is formed in aqueous solution. Thermophoresis was investigated in the temperature range of 10-50 °C by infrared thermal diffusion forced Rayleigh scattering. Nuclear magnetic resonance measurements were performed at 25 °C to obtain information about the structure of the complexes. All CD/ASA complexes show a stronger affinity toward regions of lower temperature compared to the free CDs. We found that the temperature sensitivity of thermophoresis correlates with the 1-octanol/water partition coefficient. This observation not only establishes the relation between thermodiffusion and degree of hydrogen bonding but also opens the possibility to relate thermodiffusive properties of complexes to their partition coefficient, which cannot be determined otherwise. This concept is especially interesting for protein-ligand complexes where the protein undergoes a conformational change, different from the CD/ASA complexes, giving rise to additional changes in their hydrophilicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doreen Niether
- ICS-3 Soft Condensed Matter, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , D-52428 Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Jana Hovancová
- Chemistry Department, Pavol Jozef Šafárik Univerzity , 041 80 Košice, Slovakia
| | | | - Jan K G Dhont
- ICS-3 Soft Condensed Matter, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , D-52428 Jülich, Germany
- Department of Physics, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf , D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Simone Wiegand
- ICS-3 Soft Condensed Matter, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , D-52428 Jülich, Germany
- Department für Chemie-Physikalische Chemie, Universität zu Köln , D-50939 Cologne, Germany
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11
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Hoang H, Delage-Santacreu S, Galliero G. Simultaneous Description of Equilibrium, Interfacial, and Transport Properties of Fluids Using a Mie Chain Coarse-Grained Force Field. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b01397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai Hoang
- Laboratoire
des Fluides Complexes et Leurs Reservoirs-IPRA, UMR5150, CNRS/Total/Univ Pau Et Pays Adour, 64000, PAU, France
- Institute
of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Stéphanie Delage-Santacreu
- Laboratoire
de Mathematiques et De Leurs Applications de PAU−IPRA, UMR5142, CNRS/Univ Pau et Pays Adour, 64000, PAU, France
| | - Guillaume Galliero
- Laboratoire
des Fluides Complexes et Leurs Reservoirs-IPRA, UMR5150, CNRS/Total/Univ Pau Et Pays Adour, 64000, PAU, France
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12
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Jafar-Salehi E, Eslamian M, Saghir MZ. Estimation of molecular and thermodiffusion coefficients for non-ideal molten metal alloys and its implication in solidification process. CAN J CHEM ENG 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.21972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elham Jafar-Salehi
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering; Ryerson University; Toronto Ontario Canada M5B 2K3
| | - Morteza Eslamian
- School of Engineering and Computing Sciences; Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi; TX 78412 U.S.A
| | - M. Ziad Saghir
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering; Ryerson University; Toronto Ontario Canada M5B 2K3
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13
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Torres JF, Komiya A, Henry D, Maruyama S. Measurement of Soret and Fickian diffusion coefficients by orthogonal phase-shifting interferometry and its application to protein aqueous solutions. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:074203. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4817682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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14
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Lippok S, Seidel SAI, Duhr S, Uhland K, Holthoff HP, Jenne D, Braun D. Direct detection of antibody concentration and affinity in human serum using microscale thermophoresis. Anal Chem 2012; 84:3523-30. [PMID: 22397688 DOI: 10.1021/ac202923j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The direct quantification of both the binding affinity and absolute concentration of disease-related biomarkers in biological fluids is particularly beneficial for differential diagnosis and therapy monitoring. Here, we extend microscale thermophoresis to target immunological questions. Optically generated thermal gradients were used to deplete fluorescently marked antigens in 2- and 10-fold-diluted human serum. We devised and validated an autocompetitive strategy to independently fit the concentration and dissociation constant of autoimmune antibodies against the cardiac β1-adrenergic receptor related to dilated cardiomyopathy. As an artificial antigen, the peptide COR1 was designed to mimic the second extracellular receptor loop. Thermophoresis resolved antibody concentrations from 2 to 200 nM and measured the dissociation constant as 75 nM. The approach quantifies antibody binding in its native serum environment within microliter volumes and without any surface attachments. The simplicity of the mix and probe protocol minimizes systematic errors, making thermophoresis a promising detection method for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Lippok
- Systems Biophysics, Center for Nanoscience, Physics Department, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, München, Germany
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15
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Blanco P, Kriegs H, Lettinga MP, Holmqvist P, Wiegand S. Thermal Diffusion of a Stiff Rod-Like Mutant Y21M fd-Virus. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:1602-9. [DOI: 10.1021/bm2000023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Blanco
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, ICS-3 − Soft Condensed Matter, D-52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Hartmut Kriegs
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, ICS-3 − Soft Condensed Matter, D-52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - M. Paul Lettinga
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, ICS-3 − Soft Condensed Matter, D-52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Peter Holmqvist
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, ICS-3 − Soft Condensed Matter, D-52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Simone Wiegand
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, ICS-3 − Soft Condensed Matter, D-52428 Jülich, Germany
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16
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Wienken CJ, Baaske P, Rothbauer U, Braun D, Duhr S. Protein-binding assays in biological liquids using microscale thermophoresis. Nat Commun 2010; 1:100. [PMID: 20981028 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 808] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2010] [Accepted: 09/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein interactions inside the human body are expected to differ from the situation in vitro. This is crucial when investigating protein functions or developing new drugs. In this study, we present a sample-efficient, free-solution method, termed microscale thermophoresis, that is capable of analysing interactions of proteins or small molecules in biological liquids such as blood serum or cell lysate. The technique is based on the thermophoresis of molecules, which provides information about molecule size, charge and hydration shell. We validated the method using immunologically relevant systems including human interferon gamma and the interaction of calmodulin with calcium. The affinity of the small-molecule inhibitor quercetin to its kinase PKA was determined in buffer and human serum, revealing a 400-fold reduced affinity in serum. This information about the influence of the biological matrix may allow to make more reliable conclusions on protein functionality, and may facilitate more efficient drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph J Wienken
- Department of Physics and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Amalienstrasse 54, Munich 80799, Germany
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17
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Blanco P, Kriegs H, Arlt B, Wiegand S. Thermal Diffusion of Oligosaccharide Solutions: The Role of Chain Length and Structure. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:10740-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp104534m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Blanco
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, IFF - Soft Matter, D-52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Hartmut Kriegs
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, IFF - Soft Matter, D-52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Bastian Arlt
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, IFF - Soft Matter, D-52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Simone Wiegand
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, IFF - Soft Matter, D-52428 Jülich, Germany
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18
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Kishikawa Y, Wiegand S, Kita R. Temperature dependence of soret coefficient in aqueous and nonaqueous solutions of pullulan. Biomacromolecules 2010; 11:740-7. [PMID: 20121135 DOI: 10.1021/bm9013149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We present experimental results of the temperature dependence of the Ludwig-Soret effect for pullulan solutions. The Soret coefficients of 5.0 g L(-1) pullulan in water and in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were determined in the experimental temperature range between 20.0 and 50.0 degrees C by means of thermal diffusion Forced Rayleigh scattering (TDFRS). The sign of the Soret coefficient of pullulan in water is negative at room temperature, which indicates that the pullulan molecules migrate to the warm side of the fluid. The Soret coefficient of pullulan increases steeply with increase of the solution temperature and shows a sign change from negative to positive at 41.7 degrees C. The positive sign of the Soret coefficient means the pullulan molecules move to the cold side. In contrast to the aqueous solution, the solution of pullulan in DMSO shows a very weak temperature dependence of the Soret coefficient and has always a positive sign. In addition to the TDFRS experiments, we also performed light scattering (LS) experiments for the pullulan solutions under homogeneous temperature condition in a temperature range between 20.0 and 55.0 degrees C. The thermodynamic properties of pullulan solutions obtained by LS show no pronounced correlation with the thermal diffusion behavior of pullulan. These results indicate the existence of a special role of interactions due to solvation on the temperature dependence of the thermal diffusion behavior of polysaccharide solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kishikawa
- Department of Physics, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
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Eslamian M, Sabzi F, Saghir MZ. Modeling of thermodiffusion in liquid metal alloys. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:13835-48. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp00781a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Pollak T, Köhler W. Critical assessment of diffusion coefficients in semidilute to concentrated solutions of polystyrene in toluene. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:124905. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3098403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Ning H, Dhont JKG, Wiegand S. Thermal-diffusive behavior of a dilute solution of charged colloids. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:2426-2432. [PMID: 18254649 DOI: 10.1021/la703517u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Thermal diffusion of a dilute solution of charged silica colloidal particles (Ludox) is studied by a holographic grating technique. The Soret coefficient of the charged colloids is measured as a function of the Debye screening length and the surface charge density of the colloids. The latter is varied by means of variation of the pH. The experimental Soret coefficients are compared with several theoretical predictions. The surface charge density is independently obtained from electrophoresis measurements, the size of the colloidal particles is obtained from electron microscopy, and the Debye length is calculated from ion concentrations. The only adjustable parameter in the comparison with theory is therefore the intercept at zero Debye length, which measures the contribution to the Soret coefficient of the solvation layer and possibly the colloid core material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ning
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, IFF-Weiche Materie, D-52428 Jülich, Germany
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Hartung M, Köhler W. Optical cell with periodic resistive heating for the measurement of heat, mass, and thermal diffusions in liquid mixtures. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2007; 78:084901. [PMID: 17764346 DOI: 10.1063/1.2764371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A new technique for the measurement of heat, mass, and thermal diffusions in liquids has been developed. Similar to laser induced dynamic gratings, a temperature grating is created in the sample. Thermal expansion transforms the temperature into a refractive-index grating, which is read by diffraction of a readout laser beam. In a multicomponent mixture an additional concentration grating is formed by thermal diffusion driven by the temperature gradients of the temperature grating. Differently to laser induced dynamic grating experiments we use Joule heating instead of optical heating. For that purpose we have built cuvettes which have a grating of transparent conducting strips on the inner side of one of their windows. If heated by an electric current a temperature grating will build up in the sample. Both the heat equation and the extended diffusion equation have been solved in two dimensions to allow for quantitative data analysis. Our apparatus and method of analysis have been validated by measurements of heat, mass, and thermal diffusions in pure and binary liquids. Heat diffusion can be correctly determined as was shown for pure toluene, pure dodecane, and the symmetric mixture of isobutylbenzene dodecane. Mass and thermal diffusions were studied in the three symmetric mixtures of dodecane, isobutylbenzene, and tetralin. The obtained diffusion and Soret coefficients agree with the literature values within the experimental errors. Uncompensated transient heating effects limit the resolution of the experimental technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hartung
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440, Bayreuth, Germany
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Baaske P, Weinert FM, Duhr S, Lemke KH, Russell MJ, Braun D. Extreme accumulation of nucleotides in simulated hydrothermal pore systems. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:9346-51. [PMID: 17494767 PMCID: PMC1890497 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0609592104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We simulate molecular transport in elongated hydrothermal pore systems influenced by a thermal gradient. We find extreme accumulation of molecules in a wide variety of plugged pores. The mechanism is able to provide highly concentrated single nucleotides, suitable for operations of an RNA world at the origin of life. It is driven solely by the thermal gradient across a pore. On the one hand, the fluid is shuttled by thermal convection along the pore, whereas on the other hand, the molecules drift across the pore, driven by thermodiffusion. As a result, millimeter-sized pores accumulate even single nucleotides more than 10(8)-fold into micrometer-sized regions. The enhanced concentration of molecules is found in the bulk water near the closed bottom end of the pore. Because the accumulation depends exponentially on the pore length and temperature difference, it is considerably robust with respect to changes in the cleft geometry and the molecular dimensions. Whereas thin pores can concentrate only long polynucleotides, thicker pores accumulate short and long polynucleotides equally well and allow various molecular compositions. This setting also provides a temperature oscillation, shown previously to exponentially replicate DNA in the protein-assisted PCR. Our results indicate that, for life to evolve, complicated active membrane transport is not required for the initial steps. We find that interlinked mineral pores in a thermal gradient provide a compelling high-concentration starting point for the molecular evolution of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Baaske
- *Biophysics Department, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Amalienstrasse 54, 80799 München, Germany
| | - Franz M. Weinert
- *Biophysics Department, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Amalienstrasse 54, 80799 München, Germany
| | - Stefan Duhr
- *Biophysics Department, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Amalienstrasse 54, 80799 München, Germany
| | - Kono H. Lemke
- Geochemistry Group, Institute for Mineralogy and Petrology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH-Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland; and
| | - Michael J. Russell
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Dieter Braun
- *Biophysics Department, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Amalienstrasse 54, 80799 München, Germany
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Brenner H. Elementary kinematical model of thermal diffusion in liquids and gases. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2006; 74:036306. [PMID: 17025742 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.74.036306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2006] [Revised: 07/27/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
An elementary hydrodynamic and Brownian motion model of the thermal diffusivity D(T) of a restricted class of binary liquid mixtures, previously proposed by the author, is given a more transparent derivation than originally, exposing thereby the strictly kinematic-hydrodynamic nature of an important class of thermodiffusion separation phenomena. Moreover, it is argued that the solvent's thermometric diffusivity alpha appearing in that theory as one of the two fundamental parameters governing D(T) should be replaced by the solvent's (isothermal) self-diffusivity D(S). In addition, a corrective multiplier of O(1) is inserted to reflect the general physicochemical noninertness of the solute relative to the solvent, thus enhancing the applicability of the resulting formula D(T)=lambdaD(S)beta to "nonideal" solutions. Here, beta is the solvent's thermal expansivity and lambda is a term of O(1), insensitive to the physicochemical nature of the solute (thus rendering D(T) primarily dependent upon only the properties of the solvent). This formula is, on the basis of its derivation, presumably valid only under certain idealized, albeit well-defined, circumstances. This occurs when the solute molecules are: (i) large compared with those of the solvent; and (ii) present only in small proportions relative to those of the solvent. When the solute is physicochemically inert, it is expected that lambda=1. When these conditions are met, the resulting thermal diffusivity of the mixture is, in theory, independent of any and all properties of the solute. Moreover, because beta is algebraically signed, the thermal diffusivity can either by positive or negative, according as the solvent expands or contracts upon being heated. This formula for D(T) is compared with available experimental data for selected binary liquid mixtures. Reasonable agreement is found in almost all circumstances with lambda near unity, the more so the higher the temperature, especially when the solute-solvent mixture properties closely approximate those where agreement would be expected and conversely. Finally, it is pointed out that for the restricted circumstances described, the formula D(T)=lambdaD(S)beta is equally credible for gases. Here, based on gas-kinetic theory, it is possible to furnish the theoretical value of lambda. Overall, while spanning a range of about five orders of magnitude, the D(T) values given by this elementary formula are shown to apply with reasonable accuracy to: (i) liquids (including circumstances for which D(T) is negative) as well as gases; (ii) all combinations of solvents and solutes tested (the latter including, for example, polymer molecules and metallic colloidal particles); and (iii) all sizes of solute molecules, from angstroms to submicron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard Brenner
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, USA
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Duhr S, Braun D. Optothermal molecule trapping by opposing fluid flow with thermophoretic drift. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 97:038103. [PMID: 16907547 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.038103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2005] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Thermophoresis moves molecules along temperature gradients, typically from hot to cold. We superpose fluid flow with thermophoretic molecule flow under well-defined microfluidic conditions, imaged by fluorescence microscopy. DNA is trapped and accumulated 16-fold in regions where both flows oppose each other. Strong 800-fold accumulation is expected, however, with slow trapping kinetics. The experiment is equally described by a three-dimensional and one-dimensional analytical model. As an application, we show how a radially converging temperature field confines short DNA into a 10 microm small spot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Duhr
- Biophysics, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, Amalienstrasse 54, 80799 München, Germany
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Iacopini S, Rusconi R, Piazza R. The "macromolecular tourist": universal temperature dependence of thermal diffusion in aqueous colloidal suspensions. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2006; 19:59-67. [PMID: 16446985 DOI: 10.1140/epje/e2006-00012-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
By performing measurements on a large class of macromolecular and colloidal systems, we show that thermophoresis (particle drift induced by thermal gradients) in aqueous solvents displays a distinctive universal dependence on temperature. For systems of particles interacting via temperature-independent forces, this behavior is strictly related to the solvent thermal expansivity, while an additional, T-independent term is needed to account for the behavior of "thermophilic" (migrating to the warmth) particles. The former relation between thermophoresis and thermal expansion may be exploited to envisage other fruitful studies of colloidal diffusion in inhomogeneous fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Iacopini
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Nucleare, via Ponzio 34/3, 20133, Milano, Italy
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