1
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Armbruster C, Sellin M, Seiler M, Würz T, Oesten F, Schmucker M, Sterbak T, Fischer J, Radtke V, Hunger J, Krossing I. Pushing redox potentials to highly positive values using inert fluorobenzenes and weakly coordinating anions. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6721. [PMID: 39112470 PMCID: PMC11306567 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50669-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
While the development of weakly coordinating anions (WCAs) received much attention, the progress on weakly coordinating and inert solvents almost stagnated. Here we study the effect of strategic F-substitution on the solvent properties of fluorobenzenes C6FxH6-x (xFB, x = 1-5). Asymmetric fluorination leads to dielectric constants as high as 22.1 for 3FB that exceeds acetone (20.7). Combined with the WCAs [Al(ORF)4]- or [(FRO)3Al-F-Al(ORF)3]- (RF = C(CF3)3), the xFB solvents push the potentials of Ag+ and NO+ ions to +1.50/+1.52 V vs. Fc+/Fc. The xFB/WCA-system has electrochemical xFB stability windows that exceed 5 V for all xFBs with positive upper limits between +1.82 V (1FB) and +2.67 V (5FB) vs. Fc+/Fc. High-level ab initio calculations with inclusion of solvation energies show that these high potentials result from weak interactions of the ions with solvent and counterion. To access the available positive xFB potential range with stable reagents, the innocent deelectronator salts [anthraceneF]+∙[WCA]- and [phenanthreneF]+∙[WCA]- with potentials of +1.47 and +1.89 V vs. Fc+/Fc are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Armbruster
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Malte Sellin
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matthis Seiler
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Würz
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Friederike Oesten
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Schmucker
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tabea Sterbak
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julia Fischer
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Valentin Radtke
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Hunger
- Molecular Spectroscopy Department, Max-Planck-Institut for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
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2
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Billion A, Schorpp M, Feser R, Schmitt M, Eisele L, Scherer H, Sonoda T, Kawa H, Butschke B, Krossing I. The perfluoroadamantoxy aluminate as an ideal weakly coordinating anion? - synthesis and first applications. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:4355-4370. [PMID: 36924178 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00199g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Weakly coordinating anions (WCAs) facilitate the stabilization and isolation of highly reactive and almost "naked" cations. Alkoxyaluminate-based WCAs such as [Al(OC(CF3)3)4]- ([pf]-) are widely used due to their synthetic accessibility and their high stability. However, small cations are still able to coordinate the oxygen atoms of the [pf]- anion or even to abstract an alkoxy ligand. The novel WCA [Al(OC10F15)4]- ([pfAd]-; OC10F15 = perfluoro-1-adamantoxy) is characterized by a very rigid core framework, thus indicating a higher stability towards fluoride-ion abstraction (DFT calculations) and providing hope to generate less disordered crystal structures. The [pfAd]- anion was generated by the reaction of the highly acidic alcohol perfluoro-1-adamantanol C10F15OH with LiAlH4 in o-DFB. Li[pfAd] could not be synthesized free of impurities (and still contains unreacted alcohol). Yet, starting from contaminated Li[pfAd], the very useful pure salts Ag[pfAd], [Ph3C][pfAd] and [H(OEt2)2][pfAd] could be synthesized. The salts were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray diffraction and IR spectroscopy. Additionally, [NO][pfAd] could be synthesized containing alcohol impurities but nonetheless enabled the synthesis of the salt P9+[pfAd]-. The synthesis of Tl[pfAd] in a mixture of H2O/acetone/o-DFB demonstrated the water stability of the [pfAd]- anion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Billion
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum FMF, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Marcel Schorpp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum FMF, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Rebecca Feser
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum FMF, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Manuel Schmitt
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum FMF, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Lea Eisele
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum FMF, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Harald Scherer
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum FMF, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Takaaki Sonoda
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga koen, Kasuga-shi, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan
| | - Hajimu Kawa
- Exfluor Research Corporation, 2350 Double Creek Drive, Round Rock, Texas 78664, USA
| | - Burkhard Butschke
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum FMF, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum FMF, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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3
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Tang S, Ruan H, Hu Z, Zhao Y, Song Y, Wang X. A cationic sulfur-hydrocarbon triradical with an excited quartet state. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:1986-1989. [PMID: 35045147 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06904g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The triptycene-bridged tris(thianthrene) compound 1 was designed and synthesized. Three-electron oxidation of 1 by NO[Al(OC(CF3)3)4], followed by crystallization at two different temperatures resulted in the triradical trication salts 2a and 2b respectively, which feature different crystal packing patterns. The triradical trications in 2a and 2b both feature a doublet ground state which can be thermally populated to a quartet state, representing the first examples of cationic main-group triradicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxuan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Huapeng Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Zhaobo Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - You Song
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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4
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Yang W, Wang W, Zhang L, Zhang L, Ruan H, Feng Z, Fang Y, Wang X. Persistent 2 c-3 e σ-bonded heteronuclear radical cations centered on S/Se and P/As atoms. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:5067-5070. [PMID: 33884392 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01117k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The two-center three-electron (2c-3e) bonded species are important in chemical and biological science. Reported isolable 2c-3e σ-bonded species are usually constructed in homoatomic radicals. The one-electron oxidation of main-group heteronuclear species Nap(SPh)(P(Mes)2) (1), Nap(SePh)(P(Mes)2) (2), Nap(SPh)(As(Mes)2) (3) and Nap(SePh)(As(Mes)2) (4) produced persistent radical cations 1˙+-4˙+ in solution. Large couplings of heteroatoms in EPR spectra of 1˙+-4˙+, shorter bond distances and bigger Wiberg bond orders of Ch-Pn in 1˙+-4˙+ than those in 1-4 in DFT calculations indicate large amounts of spin densities over heteroatoms and the formation of 2c-3e σ-bonds between chalcogen and pnicogen atoms. This work provides evidence of 2c-3e σ-bonds constructed between main-group heteronuclears and rare examples of radical cations involving three-electron σ-bonds between S/Se and P/As atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Wenqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China. and College of Chemistry and Material Science, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China.
| | - Leran Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Center of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, Guangxi 545006, China
| | - Huapeng Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Zhongtao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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5
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Tang S, Zhang L, Ruan H, Zhao Y, Wang X. A Magnetically Robust Triplet Ground State Sulfur-Hydrocarbon Diradical Dication. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:7340-7344. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuxuan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Center of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, China
| | - Huapeng Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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6
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Jenne C, Nierstenhöfer MC. Homopolyatomic Chalcogen Radical Cations of Selenium and Tellurium. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201901179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Jenne
- Anorganische Chemie Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften Bergische Universität Wuppertal Gaußstr. 20 42119 Wuppertal Germany
| | - Marc C. Nierstenhöfer
- Anorganische Chemie Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften Bergische Universität Wuppertal Gaußstr. 20 42119 Wuppertal Germany
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7
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Engesser TA, Transue WJ, Weis P, Cummins CC, Krossing I. As–P vs. P–P Insertion in AsP
3
: Kinetic Control of the Formation of [AsP
3
NO]
+. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias A. Engesser
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Christian‐Albrechts‐Universität zu Kiel Max‐Eyth‐Straße 2 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Wesley J. Transue
- Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue 02139 Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Philippe Weis
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Albert‐Ludwigs‐Universität Freiburg und Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Christopher C. Cummins
- Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue 02139 Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Albert‐Ludwigs‐Universität Freiburg und Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
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8
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Riddlestone IM, Kraft A, Schaefer J, Krossing I. Die Schöne (WCA) und das (kationische) Biest: Neues aus der Chemie von und mit schwach koordinierenden Anionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201710782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ian M. Riddlestone
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF); Universität Freiburg; Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg Deutschland
| | - Anne Kraft
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF); Universität Freiburg; Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg Deutschland
| | - Julia Schaefer
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF); Universität Freiburg; Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg Deutschland
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF); Universität Freiburg; Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg Deutschland
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9
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Riddlestone IM, Kraft A, Schaefer J, Krossing I. Taming the Cationic Beast: Novel Developments in the Synthesis and Application of Weakly Coordinating Anions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:13982-14024. [PMID: 29266644 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201710782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This Review gives a comprehensive overview of the most topical weakly coordinating anions (WCAs) and contains information on WCA design, stability, and applications. As an update to the 2004 review, developments in common classes of WCA are included. Methods for the incorporation of WCAs into a given system are discussed and advice given on how to best choose a method for the introduction of a particular WCA. A series of starting materials for a large number of WCA precursors and references are tabulated as a useful resource when looking for procedures to prepare WCAs. Furthermore, a collection of scales that allow the performance of a WCA, or its underlying Lewis acid, to be judged is collated with some advice on how to use them. The examples chosen to illustrate WCA developments are taken from a broad selection of topics where WCAs play a role. In addition a section focusing on transition metal and catalysis applications as well as supporting electrolytes is also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Riddlestone
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anne Kraft
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julia Schaefer
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
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10
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Schorpp M, Rein S, Weber S, Scherer H, Krossing I. Guilty and charged: a stable solution of the hexamethylbenzene radical cation as a ligand forming oxidising agent. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:10036-10039. [PMID: 30063051 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc04690e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Arene radical cations as oxidising agents with intended non-innocent behaviour for the synthesis of subvalent Group 13 complex salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Schorpp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF)
- Universität Freiburg
- 79104 Freiburg
- Germany
| | - Stephan Rein
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie
- Universität Freiburg
- 79104 Freiburg
- Germany
| | - Stefan Weber
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie
- Universität Freiburg
- 79104 Freiburg
- Germany
| | - Harald Scherer
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF)
- Universität Freiburg
- 79104 Freiburg
- Germany
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF)
- Universität Freiburg
- 79104 Freiburg
- Germany
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11
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Schulz A. Group 15 biradicals: synthesis and reactivity of cyclobutane-1,3-diyl and cyclopentane-1,3-diyl analogues. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:12827-12837. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt03038c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis, structure and reactivity of cyclobutane-1,3-diyl and cyclopentane-1,3-diyl analogues are discussed along with their application as molecular switches or reagents to activate or trap small molecules with single or multiple bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Schulz
- Institut für Chemie
- Abteilung Anorganische Chemie
- Universität Rostock
- 18059 Rostock
- Germany
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12
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Housecroft CE, Brooke Jenkins HD. Absolute ion hydration enthalpies and the role of volume within hydration thermodynamics. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra25804b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reports that various thermodynamic properties in aqueous media for certain individual ions and for compounds are linear functions of the inverse cube root of the solid respective ionic and compound solid state volumes, Vm−1/3.
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13
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Schleep M, Hettich C, Kratzert D, Scherer H, Krossing I. Two synthetic approaches for the preparation of tin(ii) dications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:10914-10917. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc06201j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Facile access to weakly coordinated Sn(ii) salts is provided by reaction of NO[Al(ORF)4] with tin metal. Further use is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Schleep
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF)
- Universität Freiburg
- Albertstr. 21
- 79104 Freiburg
- Germany
| | - Clarissa Hettich
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF)
- Universität Freiburg
- Albertstr. 21
- 79104 Freiburg
- Germany
| | - Daniel Kratzert
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF)
- Universität Freiburg
- Albertstr. 21
- 79104 Freiburg
- Germany
| | - Harald Scherer
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF)
- Universität Freiburg
- Albertstr. 21
- 79104 Freiburg
- Germany
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF)
- Universität Freiburg
- Albertstr. 21
- 79104 Freiburg
- Germany
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14
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Engesser TA, Friedmann C, Martens A, Kratzert D, Malinowski PJ, Krossing I. Homoleptic Gold Acetonitrile Complexes with Medium to Very Weakly Coordinating Counterions: Effect on Aurophilicity? Chemistry 2016; 22:15085-15094. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias A. Engesser
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie und Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF); Universität Freiburg; Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Christian Friedmann
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie und Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF); Universität Freiburg; Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Arthur Martens
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie und Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF); Universität Freiburg; Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Daniel Kratzert
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie und Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF); Universität Freiburg; Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Przemysław J. Malinowski
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie und Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF); Universität Freiburg; Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie und Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF); Universität Freiburg; Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
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15
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Glasser L, Jenkins HDB. Predictive thermodynamics for ionic solids and liquids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:21226-40. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp00235h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thermodynamic properties of ionic solids and liquids may reliably be predicted using volume-based thermodynamics (VBT) and thermodynamic difference rules (TDR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Glasser
- Nanochemistry Research Institute
- Department of Chemistry
- Curtin University
- Perth 6845
- Australia
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16
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Yuan N, Zhang Z, Wang X, Wang X. Isolation and crystal structure of a dithiophene dication: controlling covalent connection and disconnection with temperature and phase. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:16714-7. [PMID: 26434390 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc06755c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A dithienylethene (1o) undergoes a two-electron chemical oxidation to a singlet diradical as an open-isomer (1o(2+)) in solution, which cyclizes to a closed-form (1c(2+)) upon cooling. The latter crystallizes out and its structure is analyzed by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Equilibrium between 1o(2+) and 1c(2+) in solution is observed by NMR and UV spectroscopy at various temperatures and is further supported by reduction reactions with Zn powder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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17
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Pan X, Wang X, Zhang Z, Wang X. Two phosphaalkene radical cations with inverse spin density distributions. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:15099-102. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt00656b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two phosphaalkene radical cations have been made by using a weakly coordinating anion, and they exhibit inverse spin density distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
| | - Xingyong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
| | - Zaichao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Huaiyin Normal University
- Huai'an 223300
- China
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
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18
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Zhang S, Wang X, Sui Y, Wang X. Odd-electron-bonded sulfur radical cations: X-ray structural evidence of a sulfur-sulfur three-electron σ-bond. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:14666-9. [PMID: 25299728 DOI: 10.1021/ja507918c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The one-electron oxidations of 1,8-chalcogen naphthalenes Nap(SPh)2 (1) and Nap(SPh)(SePh) (2) lead to the formation of persistent radical cations 1(•+) and 2(•+) in solution. EPR spectra, UV-vis absorptions, and DFT calculations show a three-electron σ-bond in both cations. The former cation remains stable in the solid state, while the latter dimerizes upon crystallization and returns to being radical cations upon dissolution. This work provides conclusive structural evidence of a sulfur-sulfur three-electron σ-bond (in 1(•+)) and a rare example of a persistent heteroatomic three-electron σ-bond (in 2(•+)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Senwang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and ‡Centre of Modern Analysis, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
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Bolli C, Derendorf J, Jenne C, Scherer H, Sindlinger CP, Wegener B. Synthesis and Properties of the Weakly Coordinating Anion [Me
3
NB
12
Cl
11
]
−. Chemistry 2014; 20:13783-92. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Bolli
- Fachbereich C – Anorganische Chemie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaussstrasse 20, 42119 Wuppertal (Germany), Fax: (+49) 202‐439‐3503
| | - Janis Derendorf
- Fachbereich C – Anorganische Chemie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaussstrasse 20, 42119 Wuppertal (Germany), Fax: (+49) 202‐439‐3503
| | - Carsten Jenne
- Fachbereich C – Anorganische Chemie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaussstrasse 20, 42119 Wuppertal (Germany), Fax: (+49) 202‐439‐3503
| | - Harald Scherer
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Albert‐Ludwigs Universität Freiburg (Germany)
| | | | - Bianca Wegener
- Fachbereich C – Anorganische Chemie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaussstrasse 20, 42119 Wuppertal (Germany), Fax: (+49) 202‐439‐3503
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20
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Elder PJW, Roemmele TL, Taghavikish M, Engesser TA, Scherer H, Krossing I, Boeré RT, Chivers T. Structural Changes Upon Oxidation of (PtBu2)2and 1,4-(CH2)2(PtBu)4: Transannular P-P Interactions in Cations of the 1,4-C2P4Ring. HETEROATOM CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/hc.21193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip J. W. Elder
- Department of Chemistry; University of Calgary; Calgary Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Tracey L. Roemmele
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and The Canadian Centre for Research in Advanced Fluorine Technologies; University of Lethbridge; Lethbridge Alberta T1K 3M4 Canada
| | - Mona Taghavikish
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and The Canadian Centre for Research in Advanced Fluorine Technologies; University of Lethbridge; Lethbridge Alberta T1K 3M4 Canada
| | - Tobias A. Engesser
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF); Universität Freiburg; Freiburg Germany
| | - Harald Scherer
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF); Universität Freiburg; Freiburg Germany
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF); Universität Freiburg; Freiburg Germany
| | - René T. Boeré
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and The Canadian Centre for Research in Advanced Fluorine Technologies; University of Lethbridge; Lethbridge Alberta T1K 3M4 Canada
| | - Tristram Chivers
- Department of Chemistry; University of Calgary; Calgary Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada
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21
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Isolation and reversible dimerization of a selenium-selenium three-electron σ-bond. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4127. [PMID: 24916712 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-electron σ-bonding that was proposed by Linus Pauling in 1931 has been recognized as important in intermediates encountered in many areas. A number of three-electron bonding systems have been spectroscopically investigated in the gas phase, solution and solid matrix. However, X-ray diffraction studies have only been possible on simple noble gas dimer Xe∴Xe and cyclic framework-constrained N∴N radical cations. Here, we show that a diselena species modified with a naphthalene scaffold can undergo one-electron oxidation using a large and weakly coordinating anion, to afford a room-temperature-stable radical cation containing a Se∴Se three-electron σ-bond. When a small anion is used, a reversible dimerization with phase and marked colour changes is observed: radical cation in solution (blue) but diamagnetic dimer in the solid state (brown). These findings suggest that more examples of three-electron σ-bonds may be stabilized and isolated by using naphthalene scaffolds together with large and weakly coordinating anions.
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22
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Su Y, Zheng X, Wang X, Zhang X, Sui Y, Wang X. Two Stable Phosphorus-Containing Four-Membered Ring Radical Cations with Inverse Spin Density Distributions. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:6251-4. [DOI: 10.1021/ja502675d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanting Su
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination
Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination
Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xingyong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination
Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination
Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yunxia Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination
Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination
Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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23
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Nelson EG, Kampf JW, Bartlett BM. Enhanced oxidative stability of non-Grignard magnesium electrolytes through ligand modification. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:5193-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc47277a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Chen X, Wang X, Zhou Z, Li Y, Sui Y, Ma J, Wang X, Power PP. Reversible σ-Dimerizations of Persistent Organic Radical Cations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201207412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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25
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Chen X, Wang X, Zhou Z, Li Y, Sui Y, Ma J, Wang X, Power PP. Reversible σ-Dimerizations of Persistent Organic Radical Cations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 52:589-92. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201207412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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26
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Köchner T, Engesser TA, Scherer H, Plattner DA, Steffani A, Krossing I. Endlich positiv: [P9]+[Al{OC(CF3)3}4]−, das Salz eines homopolyatomaren Phosphorkations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201201262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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27
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Köchner T, Engesser TA, Scherer H, Plattner DA, Steffani A, Krossing I. [P9]+ [Al(OR(F))4)]-, the salt of a homopolyatomic phosphorus cation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:6529-31. [PMID: 22639447 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201201262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Positive at last: The first condensed-phase homopolyatomic phosphorus cation [P(9)](+) was prepared using a combination of the oxidant [NO](+) and weakly coordinating anion, [Al{OC(CF(3))(3)}(4)](-). [P(9)](+) consists of two P(5) cages linked by a phosphonium atom to give a D(2d)-symmetric Zintl cluster. NMR (see picture), Raman, and IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and quantum-chemical calculations confirmed the structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Köchner
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Germany
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28
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Mäntymäki M, Ritala M, Leskelä M. Double metal alkoxides of lithium: Synthesis, structure and applications in materials chemistry. Coord Chem Rev 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2011.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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29
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Bolli C, Köchner T, Knapp C. [NO][HCB11Cl11] - Synthesis, Characterization, Crystal Structure, and Reaction with P4. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201100448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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30
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Köchner T, Riedel S, Lehner AJ, Scherer H, Raabe I, Engesser TA, Scholz FW, Gellrich U, Eiden P, Paz Schmidt RA, Plattner DA, Krossing I. The reaction of white phosphorus with NO+/NO2(+)[Al(OR(F))4]-: the [P4NO]+ cluster formed by an unexpected nitrosonium insertion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 49:8139-43. [PMID: 20865712 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201003031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Köchner
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum FMF, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 70104 Freiburg, Germany
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31
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Köchner T, Riedel S, Lehner AJ, Scherer H, Raabe I, Engesser TA, Scholz FW, Gellrich U, Eiden P, Paz Schmidt RA, Plattner DA, Krossing I. Die Reaktion des weißen Phosphors mit NO+/NO2+[Al(ORF)4]−: Bildung von [P4NO]+ durch eine unerwartete Nitrosonium-Insertion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201003031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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32
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Cameron TS, Nikiforov GB, Passmore J, Rautiainen JM. Preparation, structure and analysis of the bonding in the molecular entity (OSO)2Li{[AlF(ORF)3]Li[Al(ORF)4]} (RF = C(CF3)3). Dalton Trans 2010; 39:2587-96. [DOI: 10.1039/b923291e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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33
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Decken A, Knapp C, Nikiforov G, Passmore J, Rautiainen J, Wang X, Zeng X. Silver(I) Complexes of the Weakly Coordinating Solvents SO2and CH2Cl2: Crystal Structures, Bonding, and Energetics of [Ag(OSO)][Al{OC(CF3)3}4], [Ag(OSO)2/2][SbF6], and [Ag(CH2Cl2)2][SbF6]. Chemistry 2009; 15:6504-17. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200802498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Bernsdorf A, Brand H, Hellmann R, Köckerling M, Schulz A, Villinger A, Voss K. Synthesis, Structure, and Bonding of Weakly Coordinating Anions Based on CN Adducts. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:8958-70. [DOI: 10.1021/ja902450b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arne Bernsdorf
- Abteilung Anorganische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany, and Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Harald Brand
- Abteilung Anorganische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany, and Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Robert Hellmann
- Abteilung Anorganische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany, and Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Martin Köckerling
- Abteilung Anorganische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany, and Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Axel Schulz
- Abteilung Anorganische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany, and Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Abteilung Anorganische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany, and Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Karsten Voss
- Abteilung Anorganische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany, and Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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Geis V, Guttsche K, Knapp C, Scherer H, Uzun R. Synthesis and characterization of synthetically useful salts of the weakly-coordinating dianion [B12Cl12]2-. Dalton Trans 2009:2687-94. [PMID: 19333492 DOI: 10.1039/b821030f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The closo-dodecahydrododecaborate [NEt3H]2[B12H12] has been prepared on a lab scale by an improved synthesis from cheap and readily available starting materials Na[BH4] and I2 in diglyme (diethylene glycol dimethyl ether). Subsequent chlorination with elemental chlorine in aqueous solution at normal pressure yielded the per-chlorinated weakly coordinating [B12Cl12]2- anion. By simple metathesis reaction a variety of useful salts [cation]2[B12Cl12] (cation=[NEt3H]+, [NBu4]+, Li+, Na+, K+, Cs+) is available. These salts are useful starting materials, which have the potential to open up the chemistry of [B12Cl12]2- as a weakly coordinating dianion. Exemplarily, they were used in further reactions to prepare [NO]2[B12Cl12], [PPN]2[B12Cl12], and [CPh3]2[B12Cl12]. The crystal structures of Cs2[B12Cl12].SO2, [CPh3]2[B12Cl12].2C2H4Cl2, and [CPh3]2[B12Cl12].2SO2 and preliminary crystal structures of [NO]2[B12Cl12].SO2 and [PPN]2[B12Cl12].CH2Cl2 were determined. The crystal structure of the SO2 solvate Cs2[B12Cl12].SO2 is related to the crystal structure of solvent free Cs2[B12Cl12]. [CPh3]2[B12Cl12].2C2H4Cl2 and [CPh3]2[B12Cl12].2SO2 have very similar structures in the solid state. In both cases the [CPh3]+ cations form only very weak contacts to the [B12Cl12]2- anion and SO2 or C2H4Cl2 solvent molecules respectively. The averaged experimental B-B (178.7 pm) and B-Cl (178.9 pm) bond lengths within [B12Cl12]2- are essentially unchanged in all determined structures and are reproduced well by PBE0/TZVPP quantum chemical calculations (B-B 178.6 pm, B-Cl 179.3 pm). All results indicate that [B12Cl12]2- is a readily accessible weakly-coordinating dianion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Geis
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg i. Br., Germany
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Müller LO, Krossing I. A Highly Hexane Soluble Lithium Salt and other Starting Materials of the Fluorinated Weakly Coordinating Anion [Al{OC(CF3)2(CH2SiMe3)}4]−. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.200700579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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37
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Krossing I, Reisinger A. Chemistry with weakly-coordinating fluorinated alkoxyaluminate anions: Gas phase cations in condensed phases? Coord Chem Rev 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2005.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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38
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Knapp C, Mailman A, Nikiforov GB, Passmore J. The metathesis reactions of [SNS][SbF6] and [SN][AsF6] with Li[Al(OC(CF3)3)4] in liquid SO2. J Fluor Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2006.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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39
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Decken A, Nikiforov GB, Passmore J. The reaction of TiF4with Li(OC(CF3)2Ph): direct synthetic route to the lithium–titanium heterometallic fluoride bridged complex {Li(THF)2TiF3(OC(CF3)2Ph)2}2and Ti(OC(CF3)2Ph)4alkoxide. Dalton Trans 2006:4328-34. [PMID: 16967116 DOI: 10.1039/b606012a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of TiF4 and LiORf (Rf = C(CF3)2Ph) in the donor solvent-THF lead to the isolation of the heterometallic lithium-titanium complex (THF)2Li(mu-F)2Ti(ORf)2(mu-F)2Ti(ORf)(2)(mu-F)2Li(THF)2 (1) and Ti(ORf)4 alkoxide (2). Interaction of TiF4 and LiORf in the non-coordinating and low polar toluene yielded only Ti(ORf)4 (2). Compounds 1 and 2 were characterized by X-ray single-crystal analysis, IR, NMR and mass spectrometry. Compound 1 is a centrosymmetric fluorine bridged dimer and contains the Li(mu-F)2Ti(mu-F)2Ti(mu-F)2Li cage. Complex 2 containing four bulky ligands is monomeric. NMR evidence is presented that the TiF4 and LiORf in THF solution gave lithium-titanium heterometallic complexes containing Li-(mu-F)-Ti and the Ti-(mu-F)-Ti bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Decken
- Chemistry Department, University of New Brunswick, E3B 6E2, Fredericton, N.B., Canada
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40
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Decken A, Nikiforov GB, Passmore J. Evidence for SO2, C2H4Cl2 and CH2Cl2 soluble salts of bismuth homopolyatomic cations and [Bi4OF2Cl6(C6Me6)4][Al(OC(CF3)3)4]2·C6Me6, containing the novel [Bi4OF2Cl6]2+ cation. Polyhedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2005.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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