1
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Hernandez S, Belov DS, Krivovicheva V, Senthil S, Bukhryakov KV. Decreasing the Bond Order between Vanadium and Oxo Ligand to Form 3d Schrock Carbynes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:18905-18909. [PMID: 38968596 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c07588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Preserving vanadium in a high oxidation state during chemical transformations can be challenging due to the oxidizing nature of V(+5) species. Oxo and similar isoelectronic ligands have been utilized to stabilize V(+5) by extensive π-donation. However, decreasing the bond order between V and the oxo ligand often results in a reduction of the metal center. Herein, we report a unique transformation involving anionic V(+5) alkylidene that converts a V(+5) oxo complex to a V(+5) alkylidyne in three steps without altering the oxidation state of the metal center. This method has been used to obtain rare 3d Schrock carbynes, which provide easy and scalable access to V(+5) alkylidynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Hernandez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Dmitry S Belov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Vasilisa Krivovicheva
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Shuruthi Senthil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Konstantin V Bukhryakov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
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2
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Lachguar A, Del Rosal I, Maron L, Jeanneau E, Veyre L, Thieuleux C, Camp C. π-Bonding of Group 11 Metals to a Tantalum Alkylidyne Alkyl Complex Promotes Unusual Tautomerism to Bis-alkylidene and CO 2 to Ketenyl Transformation. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:18306-18319. [PMID: 38936814 PMCID: PMC11240581 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
A salt metathesis synthetic strategy is used to access rare tantalum/coinage metal (Cu, Ag, Au) heterobimetallic complexes. Specifically, complex [Li(THF)2][Ta(CtBu)(CH2tBu)3], 1, reacts with (IPr)MCl (M = Cu, Ag, Au, IPr = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene) to afford the alkylidyne-bridged species [Ta(CH2tBu)3(μ-CtBu)M(IPr)] 2-M. Interestingly, π-bonding of group 11 metals to the Ta─C moiety promotes a rare alkylidyne alkyl to bis-alkylidene tautomerism, in which compounds 2-M are in equilibrium with [Ta(CHtBu)(CH2tBu)2(μ-CHtBu)M(IPr)] 3-M. This equilibrium was studied in detail using NMR spectroscopy and computational studies. This reveals that the equilibrium position is strongly dependent on the nature of the coinage metal going down the group 11 triad, thus offering a new valuable avenue for controlling this phenomenon. Furthermore, we show that these uncommon bimetallic couples could open attractive opportunities for synergistic reactivity. We notably report an uncommon deoxygenative carbyne transfer to CO2 resulting in rare examples of coinage metal ketenyl species, (tBuCCO)M(IPr), 4-M (M = Cu, Ag, Au). In the case of the Ta/Li analogue 1, the bis(alkylidene) tautomer is not detected, and the reaction with CO2 does not cleanly yield ketenyl species, which highlights the pivotal role played by the coinage metal partner in controlling these unconventional reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelhak Lachguar
- Laboratory of Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes and Materials (CP2M UMR 5128), CNRS, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE-Lyon, Institut de Chimie de Lyon, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, Villeurbanne F-69616, France
| | - Iker Del Rosal
- CNRS, INSA, UPS, UMR 5215, LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, Toulouse F-31077, France
| | - Laurent Maron
- CNRS, INSA, UPS, UMR 5215, LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, Toulouse F-31077, France
| | - Erwann Jeanneau
- Centre de Diffractométrie Henri Longchambon, Université de Lyon, 5 Rue de la Doua, Villeurbanne 69100, France
| | - Laurent Veyre
- Laboratory of Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes and Materials (CP2M UMR 5128), CNRS, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE-Lyon, Institut de Chimie de Lyon, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, Villeurbanne F-69616, France
| | - Chloé Thieuleux
- Laboratory of Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes and Materials (CP2M UMR 5128), CNRS, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE-Lyon, Institut de Chimie de Lyon, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, Villeurbanne F-69616, France
| | - Clément Camp
- Laboratory of Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes and Materials (CP2M UMR 5128), CNRS, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE-Lyon, Institut de Chimie de Lyon, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, Villeurbanne F-69616, France
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3
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Lei Z, Chen H, Huang S, Wayment LJ, Xu Q, Zhang W. New Advances in Covalent Network Polymers via Dynamic Covalent Chemistry. Chem Rev 2024; 124:7829-7906. [PMID: 38829268 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Covalent network polymers, as materials composed of atoms interconnected by covalent bonds in a continuous network, are known for their thermal and chemical stability. Over the past two decades, these materials have undergone significant transformations, gaining properties such as malleability, environmental responsiveness, recyclability, crystallinity, and customizable porosity, enabled by the development and integration of dynamic covalent chemistry (DCvC). In this review, we explore the innovative realm of covalent network polymers by focusing on the recent advances achieved through the application of DCvC. We start by examining the history and fundamental principles of DCvC, detailing its inception and core concepts and noting its key role in reversible covalent bond formation. Then the reprocessability of covalent network polymers enabled by DCvC is thoroughly discussed, starting from the significant milestones that marked the evolution of these polymers and progressing to their current trends and applications. The influence of DCvC on the crystallinity of covalent network polymers is then reviewed, covering their bond diversity, synthesis techniques, and functionalities. In the concluding section, we address the current challenges faced in the field of covalent network polymers and speculates on potential future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zepeng Lei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Hongxuan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Shaofeng Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Lacey J Wayment
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Qiucheng Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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4
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Russell JB, Jafari MG, Kim JH, Pudasaini B, Ozarowski A, Telser J, Baik MH, Mindiola DJ. Ynamide and Azaalleneyl. Acid-Base Promoted Chelotropic and Spin-State Rearrangements in a Versatile Heterocumulene [(Ad)NCC( tBu)] . Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401433. [PMID: 38433099 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
We introduce the heterocumulene ligand [(Ad)NCC(tBu)]- (Ad=1-adamantyl (C10H15), tBu=tert-butyl, (C4H9)), which can adopt two forms, the azaalleneyl and ynamide. This ligand platform can undergo a reversible chelotropic shift using Brønsted acid-base chemistry, which promotes an unprecedented spin-state change of the [VIII] ion. These unique scaffolds are prepared via addition of 1-adamantyl isonitrile (C≡NAd) across the alkylidyne in complexes [(BDI)V≡CtBu(OTf)] (A) (BDI-=ArNC(CH3)CHC(CH3)NAr), Ar=2,6-iPr2C6H3) and [(dBDI)V≡CtBu(OEt2)] (B) (dBDI2-=ArNC(CH3)CHC(CH2)NAr). Complex A reacts with C≡NAd, to generate the high-spin [VIII] complex with a κ1-N-ynamide ligand, [(BDI)V{κ1-N-(Ad)NCC(tBu)}(OTf)] (1). Conversely, B reacts with C≡NAd to generate a low-spin [VIII] diamagnetic complex having a chelated κ2-C,N-azaalleneyl ligand, [(dBDI)V{κ2-N,C-(Ad)NCC(tBu)}] (2). Theoretical studies have been applied to better understand the mechanism of formation of 2 and the electronic reconfiguration upon structural rearrangement by the alteration of ligand denticity between 1 and 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B Russell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, United States
| | - Mehrafshan G Jafari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, United States
| | - Jun-Hyeong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) & Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Bimal Pudasaini
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) & Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Andrew Ozarowski
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32310, United States
| | - Joshua Telser
- Department of Biological, Physical and Health Sciences, Roosevelt University, Chicago, Illinois, 60605, United States
| | - Mu-Hyun Baik
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) & Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Daniel J Mindiola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, United States
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5
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Jafari MG, Russell JB, Lee H, Pudasaini B, Pal D, Miao Z, Gau MR, Carroll PJ, Sumerlin BS, Veige AS, Baik MH, Mindiola DJ. Vanadium Alkylidyne Initiated Cyclic Polymer Synthesis: The Importance of a Deprotiovanadacyclobutadiene Moiety. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:2997-3009. [PMID: 38272018 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Reported is the catalytic cyclic polymer synthesis by a 3d transition metal complex: a V(V) alkylidyne, [(dBDI)V≡CtBu(OEt2)] (1-OEt2), supported by the deprotonated β-diketiminate dBDI2- (dBDI2- = ArNC(CH3)CHC(CH2)NAr, Ar = 2,6-iPr2C6H3). Complex 1-OEt2 is a precatalyst for the polymerization of phenylacetylene (PhCCH) to give cyclic poly(phenylacetylene) (c-PPA), whereas its precursor, complex [(BDI)V≡CtBu(OTf)] (2-OTf; BDI- = [ArNC(CH3)]2CH, Ar = 2,6-iPr2C6H3, OTf = OSO2CF3), and the zwitterion [((C6F5)3B-dBDI)V≡CtBu(OEt2)] (3-OEt2) exhibit low catalytic activity despite having a neopentylidyne ligand. Cyclic polymer topologies were verified by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) and intrinsic viscosity studies. A component of the mechanism of the cyclic polymerization reaction was probed by isolation and full characterization of 4- and 6-membered metallacycles as model intermediates. Metallacyclobutadiene (MCBD) and deprotiometallacyclobutadiene (dMCBD) complexes (dBDI)V[C(tBu)C(H)C(tBu)] (4-tBu) and (BDI)V[C(tBu)CC(Mes)] (5-Mes), respectively, were synthesized upon reaction with bulkier alkynes, tBu- (tBuCCH) and Mes-acetylene (MesCCH), with 1-OEt2. Furthermore, the reaction of the conjugate acid of 1-OEt2, [(BDI)V≡CtBu(OTf)] (2-OTf), with the conjugated base of phenylacetylene, lithium phenylacetylide (LiCCPh), yields the doubly deprotio-metallacycle complex, [Li(THF)4]{(BDI)V[C(Ph)CC(tBu)CC(Ph)]} (6). Protonation of the doubly deprotio-metallacycle complex 6 yields 6-H+, a catalytically active species toward the polymerization of PhCCH, for which the polymers were also confirmed to be cyclic by SEC studies. Computational mechanistic studies complement the experimental observations and provide insight into the mechanism of cyclic polymer growth. The noninnocence of the supporting dBDI2- ligand and its role in proton shuttling to generate deprotiometallacyclobutadiene (dMCBD) complexes that proposedly culminate in the formation of catalytically active V(III) species are also discussed. This work demonstrates how a dMCBD moiety can react with terminal alkynes to form cyclic polyalkynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrafshan G Jafari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - John B Russell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Hanna Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Bimal Pudasaini
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Digvijayee Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Zhihui Miao
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Michael R Gau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Patrick J Carroll
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Brent S Sumerlin
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Adam S Veige
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Mu-Hyun Baik
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Daniel J Mindiola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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6
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Korber JN, Wille C, Leutzsch M, Fürstner A. From the Glovebox to the Benchtop: Air-Stable High Performance Molybdenum Alkylidyne Catalysts for Alkyne Metathesis. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:26993-27009. [PMID: 38032858 PMCID: PMC10722517 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Molybdenum alkylidynes endowed with tripodal silanolate ligands belong to the most active and selective catalysts for alkyne metathesis known to date. This paper describes a new generation that is distinguished by an unprecedented level of stability and practicality without sacrificing the chemical virtues of their predecessors. Specifically, pyridine adducts of type 16 are easy to make on gram scale, can be routinely weighed and handled in air, and stay intact for many months outside the glovebox. When dissolved in toluene, however, spontaneous dissociation of the stabilizing pyridine ligand releases an active species of excellent performance and functional group tolerance. Specifically, a host of polar and apolar groups, various protic sites, and numerous basic functionalities proved compatible. The catalysts are characterized by crystallographic and spectroscopic means, including 95Mo NMR; their activity and stability are benchmarked in detail, and the enabling properties are illustrated by advanced applications to natural product synthesis. For the favorable overall application profile and ease of handling, complexes of this new series are expected to replace earlier catalyst generations and help encourage a more regular use of alkyne metathesis in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Nepomuk Korber
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, D-45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Christian Wille
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, D-45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Markus Leutzsch
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, D-45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, D-45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
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7
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Dutta U, Prakash G, Devi K, Borah K, Zhang X, Maiti D. Directing group assisted para-selective C-H alkynylation of unbiased arenes enabled by rhodium catalysis. Chem Sci 2023; 14:11381-11388. [PMID: 37886091 PMCID: PMC10599460 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03528j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Regioselective C-H alkynylation of arenes via C-H activation is challenging yet a highly desirable transformation. In this regard, directing group assisted C(sp2)-H alkynylation of arenes offers a unique opportunity to ensure precise regioselectivity. While the existing methods are mainly centered around ortho-C-H alkynylation and a few for meta-C-H alkynylation, the DG-assisted para-selective C-H alkynylation is yet to be reported. Herein we disclose the first report on Rh-catalyzed para-C-H alkynylation of sterically and electronically unbiased arenes. The para-selectivity is achieved with the assistance of a cyano-based directing template and the selectivity remained unaltered irrespective of the steric and electronic influence of the substituents. The post-synthetic modification of synthesized para-alkynylated arenes is also demonstrated. The mechanistic intricacies of the developed protocol are elucidated through experimental and computational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttam Dutta
- IIT Bombay, Department of Chemistry Powai Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Gaurav Prakash
- IIT Bombay, Department of Chemistry Powai Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Kirti Devi
- IIT Bombay, Department of Chemistry Powai Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Kongkona Borah
- IIT Bombay, Department of Chemistry Powai Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Xinglong Zhang
- Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore Singapore
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- IIT Bombay, Department of Chemistry Powai Mumbai 400076 India
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8
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Bhowmick A, Brahmachari G. C(sp)-C(sp 3) Bond Formation through Ligand- and Additive-Free CuO-Mediated Decarboxylative Direct Cross-Coupling of Coumarin-/Chromone-3-carboxylic Acids and Terminal Alkynes. Org Lett 2023; 25:7095-7099. [PMID: 37737117 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
A practical and efficient method for the synthesis of functionalized 4-(aryl-/heteroaryl-ethynyl)chroman-2-ones and 2-(aryl-/heteroaryl-ethynyl)chroman-4-ones through copper-catalyzed decarboxylative direct cross-coupling of coumarin-/chromone-3-carboxylic acids with terminal alkynes, leading to the formation of C(sp)-C(sp3) bonds, has been unearthed. Advantages of this protocol include avoidance of any ligands and bases, a broad substrate scope, tolerance of diverse functional groups, and good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Bhowmick
- Laboratory of Natural Products & Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, West Bengal 731 235, India
| | - Goutam Brahmachari
- Laboratory of Natural Products & Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, West Bengal 731 235, India
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9
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Ma X, Wang L, Meng X, Li W, Wang Q, Gu Y, Qiu L. NHC-mediated photocatalytic deoxygenation of alcohols for the synthesis of internal alkynes via a Csp 3-Csp coupling reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:6693-6696. [PMID: 37548245 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01066j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
NHC-mediated deoxygenation of alcohols under photocatalytic conditions is described. The process provides various alkyl radicals, which can react with 1-bromoalkyne via Csp3-Csp coupling to afford internal alkynes in moderate to good yields. The method offers a new and convenient approach to synthesize internal alkynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueji Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Nano-carbon Modified Film Technology Engineering of Henan Province, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang 453000, P. R. China.
| | - Liujie Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Nano-carbon Modified Film Technology Engineering of Henan Province, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang 453000, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoqing Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Nano-carbon Modified Film Technology Engineering of Henan Province, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang 453000, P. R. China.
| | - Wenbo Li
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Nano-carbon Modified Film Technology Engineering of Henan Province, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang 453000, P. R. China.
| | - Qin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Nano-carbon Modified Film Technology Engineering of Henan Province, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang 453000, P. R. China.
| | - Yuke Gu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Nano-carbon Modified Film Technology Engineering of Henan Province, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang 453000, P. R. China.
| | - Lingna Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Nano-carbon Modified Film Technology Engineering of Henan Province, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang 453000, P. R. China.
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10
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Marczyk A, Mukherjee N, Trzaskowski B. Predicting initiation rates of Hoveyda-Grubbs complexes containing an electron-withdrawing group in four possible positions of the benzylidene ring. J Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2022.122508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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11
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Ansmann N, Thorwart T, Greb L. Silicon Catalyzed C-O Bond Ring Closing Metathesis of Polyethers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202210132. [PMID: 36106685 PMCID: PMC9828832 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The Lewis superacid bis(perchlorocatecholato)silane catalyzes C-O bond metathesis of alkyl ethers with an efficiency outperforming all earlier reported systems. Chemoselective ring contractions of macrocyclic crown ethers enable substrate-specific transformations, and an unprecedented ring-closing metathesis of polyethylene glycols allows polymer-selective degradation. Quantum chemical computations scrutinize a high Lewis acidity paired with a simultaneous low propensity for polydentate substrate binding as critical for successful catalysis. Based on these mechanistic insights, a second-generation class of silicon Lewis superacid with enhanced efficacy is identified and demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Ansmann
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Thaddäus Thorwart
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Lutz Greb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry-Inorganic ChemistryFreie Universität BerlinFabeckstr. 34/3614195BerlinGermany
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12
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Swain M, Bunnell TB, Kim J, Kwon O. Dealkenylative Alkynylation Using Catalytic Fe II and Vitamin C. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:14828-14837. [PMID: 35929075 PMCID: PMC9731399 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we report the synthesis of alkyl-tethered alkynes through ozone-mediated and FeII-catalyzed dealkenylative alkynylation of unactivated alkenes in the presence of alkynyl sulfones. This one-pot reaction, which employs a combination of a catalytic FeII salt and l-ascorbic acid, proceeds under mild conditions with good efficiency, high stereoselectivity, and broad functional group compatibility. In contrast to our previous FeII-mediated reductive fragmentation of α-methoxyhydroperoxides, the FeII-catalyzed process was devised through a thorough kinetic analysis of the multiple competing radical (redox) pathways. We highlight the potential of this dealkenylative alkynylation through multiple post-synthetic transformations and late-stage diversifications of complex molecules, including natural products and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Swain
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California─Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Thomas B Bunnell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California─Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Jacob Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California─Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Ohyun Kwon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California─Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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13
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Wang RQ, Shen C, Cheng X, Dong XQ, Wang CJ. Copper-catalyzed asymmetric propargylic substitution with salicylaldehyde-derived imine esters. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:8552-8555. [PMID: 35815621 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01695h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Copper-catalyzed asymmetric propargylic substitution with salicylaldehyde-derived imine esters and propargylic carbonates has been successfully realized, generating a wide range of chiral amino acid derivatives containing propargylic groups with excellent results (up to 95% yield and 94% ee). The ortho-hydroxy group of the salicylaldehyde-derived imine esters is crucial to increase the reactivity and stabilize the azomethine ylide, which may be due to the formation of an intramolecular hydrogen bond between the hydroxyl group and the imine group. A series of synthetic transformations were carried out to access other important chiral compounds, which displayed the synthetic versatility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Qing Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Suzhou Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, P. R. China. .,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Shanghai, 230021, China
| | - Chong Shen
- Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Suzhou Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, P. R. China.
| | - Xiang Cheng
- Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Suzhou Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, P. R. China.
| | - Xiu-Qin Dong
- Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Suzhou Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, P. R. China. .,Suzhou Institute of Wuhan University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Jiang Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Suzhou Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, P. R. China. .,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Shanghai, 230021, China
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14
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Sasmal S, Prakash G, Dutta U, Laskar R, Lahiri GK, Maiti D. Directing group assisted rhodium catalyzed meta-C-H alkynylation of arenes. Chem Sci 2022; 13:5616-5621. [PMID: 35694332 PMCID: PMC9116288 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00982j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Site-selective C-H alkynylation of arenes to produce aryl alkynes is a highly desirable transformation due to the prevalence of aryl alkynes in various natural products, drug molecules and in materials. To ensure site-selective C-H functionalization, directing group (DG) assisted C-H activation has been evolved as a useful synthetic tool. In contrast to DG-assisted ortho-C-H activation, distal meta-C-H activation is highly challenging and has attracted significant attention in recent years. However, developments are majorly focused on Pd-based catalytic systems. In order to diversify the scope of distal meta-C-H functionalization, herein we disclosed the first Rh(i) catalyzed meta-C-H alkynylation protocol through the inverse Sonogashira coupling reaction. The protocol is compatible with various substrate classes which include phenylacetic acids, hydrocinnamic acids, 2-phenyl benzoic acids, 2-phenyl phenols, benzyl sulfonates and ether-based scaffolds. The post-synthetic modification of meta-alkynylated arenes is also demonstrated through DG-removal as well as functional group interconversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheuli Sasmal
- IIT Bombay, Department of Chemistry Powai Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Gaurav Prakash
- IIT Bombay, Department of Chemistry Powai Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Uttam Dutta
- IIT Bombay, Department of Chemistry Powai Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Ranjini Laskar
- IIT Bombay, Department of Chemistry Powai Mumbai 400076 India
| | | | - Debabrata Maiti
- IIT Bombay, Department of Chemistry Powai Mumbai 400076 India
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15
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Wang D, Jiang T, Wan H, Chen Z, Qi J, Yang A, Huang Z, Yuan Y, Lei A. Alternating Current Electrolysis Enabled Formal C-O/O-H Cross-Metathesis of 4-Alkoxy Anilines with Alcohols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201543. [PMID: 35201639 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
While multiple bond metathesis reactions, for example olefin metathesis, have seen considerable recent progress, direct metathesis of traditionally inert C-O single bonds is extremely rare and particularly challenging. Undoubtedly, metathesis reaction of C-O bonds is one of the most ideal routes for the value-added upgrading of molecules involving C-O bonds. Reported here is a new protocol to achieve the formal C-O/O-H cross-metathesis via alternating current electrolysis. Featuring mild reaction conditions, the protocol allows readily available 4-alkoxy anilines and alcohols to be converted into a wide range of valuable products in highly regioselective and chemoselective manner. Moreover, the present strategy can be used in the late-stage modification of pharmaceuticals as well as biologically active compounds, which demonstrated the potential application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoxin Wang
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, P. R. China
| | - Tengfei Jiang
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, P. R. China
| | - Hao Wan
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, P. R. China
| | - Ziyue Chen
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, P. R. China
| | - Junchao Qi
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, P. R. China
| | - Anqi Yang
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, P. R. China
| | - Zhiliang Huang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yong Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
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16
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Cui M, Sung HHY, Williams ID, Jia G. Alkyne Metathesis with d 2 Re(V) Alkylidyne Complexes Supported by Phosphino-Phenolates: Ligand Effect on Catalytic Activity and Applications in Ring-Closing Alkyne Metathesis. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:6349-6360. [PMID: 35377156 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A family of d2 Re(V) alkylidyne complexes bearing two decorated phosphino-phenolates (POs) and a labile pyridine ligand were prepared that can efficiently promote alkyne metathesis reactions in toluene. The relative activity of these complexes varies with the PO ligands. Complexes with an electron-rich metal center have a higher activity. Ligand exchange experiments suggest that the pyridine ligands of the Re(V) alkylidynes with more electron-donating PO ligands are more labile and are more easily released to generate catalytically active species. However, complexes with electron-withdrawing PO ligands are more air-stable than those with electron-donating PO ligands. These Re(V) alkylidyne catalysts can promote the homometathesis of functionalized internal alkyl- and aryl-alkynes, as well as ring-closing alkyne metathesis (RCAM) of methyl-capped diynes, forming macrocycles with a ring size ≥12 efficiently for concentrations ≤5 mM. These reactions represent the first examples of RCAM mediated by non-d0 alkylidyne complexes. The Re(V) alkylidyne catalysts tolerate a wide range of functional groups including ethers, esters, ketones, aldehydes, alcohols, phenols, amines, amides, and heterocycles. Moreover, the catalytic RCAM reactions promoted by robust Re(V) alkylidyne catalysts could also proceed normally in wet toluene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxu Cui
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR 000000, China
| | - Herman H Y Sung
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR 000000, China
| | - Ian D Williams
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR 000000, China
| | - Guochen Jia
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR 000000, China.,HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
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17
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Ge Y, Hu Y, Duan G, Jin Y, Zhang W. Advances and challenges in user-friendly alkyne metathesis catalysts. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Wang D, Jiang T, Wan H, Chen Z, Qi J, Yang A, Huang Z, Yuan Y, Lei A. Alternating Current Electrolysis Enabled Formal C−O/O−H Cross‐Metathesis of 4‐Alkoxy Anilines with Alcohols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daoxin Wang
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022 P. R. China
| | - Tengfei Jiang
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022 P. R. China
| | - Hao Wan
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022 P. R. China
| | - Ziyue Chen
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022 P. R. China
| | - Junchao Qi
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022 P. R. China
| | - Anqi Yang
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022 P. R. China
| | - Zhiliang Huang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Yong Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwest Normal University Lanzhou Gansu 730070 China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022 P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
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19
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Ali R, Ahmed W, Jayant V, alvi S, Ahmed N, Ahmed A. Metathesis reactions in total‐ and natural product fragments syntheses. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rashid Ali
- Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi India 110025 Department of Chemistry Jamia Nagar,New Delhi india110025 110025 New Delhi INDIA
| | - Waqar Ahmed
- Jamia Millia Islamia Central University: Jamia Millia Islamia Chemistry INDIA
| | - Vikrant Jayant
- Jamia Millia Islamia Central University: Jamia Millia Islamia Chemistry INDIA
| | - shakeel alvi
- Jamia Millia Islamia Central University: Jamia Millia Islamia Chemistry INDIA
| | - Nadeem Ahmed
- Jamia Millia Islamia Central University: Jamia Millia Islamia Chemistry INDIA
| | - Azeem Ahmed
- Jamia Millia Islamia Central University: Jamia Millia Islamia Chemistry INDIA
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20
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Wang J, Hao W, Tu S, Jiang B. Engaging
Yne‐Allenes
in Cycloaddition Reactions: Recent Developments. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia‐Yin Wang
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou 221116 P. R. China
| | - Wen‐Juan Hao
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou 221116 P. R. China
| | - Shu‐Jiang Tu
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou 221116 P. R. China
| | - Bo Jiang
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou 221116 P. R. China
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21
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Hill A, Burt LK, Onn CS, Kong RY, Dewhurst RD, Nahon EE. Heterobimetallic μ 2-Halocarbyne complexes. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:12080-12099. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01558g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The halocarbyne complexes [M(≡CX)(CO)2(Tp*)] (M = Mo, W; X = Cl, Br; Tp* = hydrotris(dimethylpyrazolyl)borate) react with [AuCl(SMe2)], [Pt(-H2C=CH2)(PPh3)2] or [Pt(nbe)3] (nbe = norbornene) to furnish rare examples of μ2-halocarbyne...
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22
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Yang C, Li F, Wu TR, Cui R, Wu BB, Jin RX, Li Y, Wang XS. Development of Axially Chiral Styrene-Type Carboxylic Acid Ligands via Palladium-Catalyzed Asymmetric C-H Alkynylation. Org Lett 2021; 23:8132-8137. [PMID: 34647750 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A weakly coordinated carboxylate-directed palladium-catalyzed atroposelective C-H alkynylation method for the development of novel axially chiral styrene-type carboxylic acids is disclosed. This transformation exhibits good yields (up to 85%), excellent enantiocontrol (up to 99% ee), and mild conditions. Notably, the synthetic utility of the resulting alkynyl carboxylic acid derivatives was demonstrated by various derivatizations as well as their potential as chiral ligands in asymmetric C-H activations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Fei Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Tian-Rui Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Ru Cui
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Bing-Bing Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Ruo-Xing Jin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yan Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xi-Sheng Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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23
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Hillenbrand J, Korber JN, Leutzsch M, Nöthling N, Fürstner A. Canopy Catalysts for Alkyne Metathesis: Investigations into a Bimolecular Decomposition Pathway and the Stability of the Podand Cap. Chemistry 2021; 27:14025-14033. [PMID: 34293239 PMCID: PMC8518412 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Molybdenum alkylidyne complexes with a trisilanolate podand ligand framework ("canopy catalysts") are the arguably most selective catalysts for alkyne metathesis known to date. Among them, complex 1 a endowed with a fence of lateral methyl substituents on the silicon linkers is the most reactive, although fairly high loadings are required in certain applications. It is now shown that this catalyst decomposes readily via a bimolecular pathway that engages the Mo≡CR entities in a stoichiometric triple-bond metathesis event to furnish RC≡CR and the corresponding dinuclear complex, 8, with a Mo≡Mo core. In addition to the regular analytical techniques, 95 Mo NMR was used to confirm this unusual outcome. This rapid degradation mechanism is largely avoided by increasing the size of the peripheral substituents on silicon, without unduly compromising the activity of the resulting complexes. When chemically challenged, however, canopy catalysts can open the apparently somewhat strained tripodal ligand cages; this reorganization leads to the formation of cyclo-tetrameric arrays composed of four metal alkylidyne units linked together via one silanol arm of the ligand backbone. The analogous tungsten alkylidyne complex 6, endowed with a tripodal tris-alkoxide (rather than siloxide) ligand framework, is even more susceptible to such a controlled and reversible cyclo-oligomerization. The structures of the resulting giant macrocyclic ensembles were established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Hillenbrand
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung45470Mülheim an der RuhrMülheim/RuhrGermany
| | - J. Nepomuk Korber
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung45470Mülheim an der RuhrMülheim/RuhrGermany
| | - Markus Leutzsch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung45470Mülheim an der RuhrMülheim/RuhrGermany
| | - Nils Nöthling
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung45470Mülheim an der RuhrMülheim/RuhrGermany
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung45470Mülheim an der RuhrMülheim/RuhrGermany
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24
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Ge Y, Ye F, Yang J, Spannenberg A, Jiao H, Jackstell R, Beller M. Palladium-Catalyzed Cascade Carbonylation to α,β-Unsaturated Piperidones via Selective Cleavage of Carbon-Carbon Triple Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:22393-22400. [PMID: 34382728 PMCID: PMC8519052 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A direct and selective synthesis of α,β-unsaturated piperidones by a new palladium-catalyzed cascade carbonylation is described. In the presented protocol, easily available propargylic alcohols react with aliphatic amines to provide a broad variety of interesting heterocycles. Key to the success of this transformation is a remarkable catalytic cleavage of the present carbon-carbon triple bond by using a specific catalyst with 2-diphenylphosphinopyridine as ligand and appropriate reaction conditions. Mechanistic studies and control experiments revealed branched unsaturated acid 11 as crucial intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Ge
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V.Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a18059RostockGermany
| | - Fei Ye
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V.Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a18059RostockGermany
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of EducationKey Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou Normal UniversityNo. 2318, Yuhangtang Road311121HangzhouP. R. China
| | - Ji Yang
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V.Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a18059RostockGermany
| | - Anke Spannenberg
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V.Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a18059RostockGermany
| | - Haijun Jiao
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V.Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a18059RostockGermany
| | - Ralf Jackstell
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V.Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a18059RostockGermany
| | - Matthias Beller
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V.Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a18059RostockGermany
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25
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Ge Y, Ye F, Yang J, Spannenberg A, Jiao H, Jackstell R, Beller M. Palladium‐Catalyzed Cascade Carbonylation to α,β‐Unsaturated Piperidones via Selective Cleavage of Carbon–Carbon Triple Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202108120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Ge
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Fei Ye
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou Normal University No. 2318, Yuhangtang Road 311121 Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Ji Yang
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Anke Spannenberg
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Haijun Jiao
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Ralf Jackstell
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Matthias Beller
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
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26
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Abstract
![]()
For numerous enabling features and strategic virtues, contemporary
alkyne metathesis is increasingly recognized as a formidable synthetic
tool. Central to this development was the remarkable evolution of
the catalysts during the past decades. Molybdenum alkylidynes carrying
(tripodal) silanolate ligands currently set the standards; their functional
group compatibility is exceptional, even though they comprise an early
transition metal in its highest oxidation state. Their performance
is manifested in case studies in the realm of dynamic covalent chemistry,
advanced applications to solid-phase synthesis, a revival of transannular
reactions, and the assembly of complex target molecules at sites,
which one may not intuitively trace back to an acetylenic ancestor.
In parallel with these innovations in material science and organic
synthesis, new insights into the mode of action of the most advanced
catalysts were gained by computational means and the use of unconventional
analytical tools such as 95Mo and 183W NMR spectroscopy.
The remaining shortcomings, gaps, and desiderata in the field are
also critically assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
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27
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Xia JT, Li L, Hu XP. Copper-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Propargylic Alkylation of Enol Carbonates: Stereoselective Synthesis of Quaternary α-Amino Acids. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c03421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Tao Xia
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ling Li
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiang-Ping Hu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
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28
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Li M, Liu T, Li J, He H, Dai H, Xie J. Visible-Light-Mediated Deoxyalkynylation of Activated Tertiary Alcohols. J Org Chem 2021; 86:12386-12393. [PMID: 34378932 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, visible-light-induced deoxyalkynylation of activated tertiary alcohols has been successfully performed under mild reaction conditions with ethynylbenziodoxole as the readily available alkynylation reagent. The desired C(sp3)-C(sp) coupling can smoothly occur with 4-CzIPN as a photocatalyst, affording a wide range of valuable alkynylation products bearing quaternary carbon centers in 37-84% yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jiajun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hengchi He
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Haotian Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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29
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Trzmiel S, Langmann J, Werner D, Maichle‐Mössmer C, Scherer W, Anwander R. Über Takais Olefinierungsreagenz hinaus: Anhaltende Dehalogenierung mündet in einem Chrom(III)‐μ
3
‐Methylidin‐Komplex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Trzmiel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Deutschland
| | - Jan Langmann
- Institut für Physik Universität Augsburg Universitätsstr. 1 86159 Augsburg Deutschland
| | - Daniel Werner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Deutschland
| | - Cäcilia Maichle‐Mössmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Deutschland
| | - Wolfgang Scherer
- Institut für Physik Universität Augsburg Universitätsstr. 1 86159 Augsburg Deutschland
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Deutschland
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30
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Trzmiel S, Langmann J, Werner D, Maichle‐Mössmer C, Scherer W, Anwander R. Beyond Takai's Olefination Reagent: Persistent Dehalogenation Emerges in a Chromium(III)-μ 3 -Methylidyne Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:20049-20054. [PMID: 34213805 PMCID: PMC8456800 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of CHI3 with six equivalents of CrCl2 in THF at low temperatures affords [Cr3 Cl3 (μ2 -Cl)3 (μ3 -CH)(thf)6 ] as the first isolable high-yield CrIII μ3 -methylidyne complex. Substitution of the terminal chlorido ligands via salt metathesis with alkali-metal cyclopentadienides generates isostructural half-sandwich chromium(III)-μ3 -methylidynes [CpR 3 Cr3 (μ2 -Cl)3 (μ3 -CH)] (CpR =C5 H5 , C5 Me5 , C5 H4 SiMe3 ). Side and decomposition products of the Cl/CpR exchange reactions were identified and structurally characterized for [Cr4 (μ2 -Cl)4 (μ2 -I)2 (μ4 -O)(thf)4 ] and [(η5 -C5 H4 SiMe3 )CrCl(μ2 -Cl)2 Li(thf)2 ]. The Cl/CpR exchange drastically changed the ambient-temperature effective magnetic moment μeff from 9.30/9.11 μB (solution/solid) to 3.63/4.32 μB (CpR =C5 Me5 ). Reactions of [Cr3 Cl3 (μ2 -Cl)3 (μ3 -CH)(thf)6 ] with aldehydes and ketones produce intricate mixtures of species through oxy/methylidyne exchange, which were partially identified as radical recombination products through GC/MS analysis and 1 H NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Trzmiel
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieEberhard-Karls-Universität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
| | - Jan Langmann
- Institut für PhysikUniversität AugsburgUniversitätsstr. 186159AugsburgGermany
| | - Daniel Werner
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieEberhard-Karls-Universität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
| | - Cäcilia Maichle‐Mössmer
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieEberhard-Karls-Universität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
| | - Wolfgang Scherer
- Institut für PhysikUniversität AugsburgUniversitätsstr. 186159AugsburgGermany
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieEberhard-Karls-Universität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
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31
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Bailey GA, Buss JA, Oyala PH, Agapie T. Terminal, Open-Shell Mo Carbide and Carbyne Complexes: Spin Delocalization and Ligand Noninnocence. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:13091-13102. [PMID: 34379389 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Open-shell compounds bearing metal-carbon triple bonds, such as carbides and carbynes, are of significant interest as plausible intermediates in the reductive catenation of C1 oxygenates. Despite the abundance of closed-shell carbynes reported, open-shell variants are very limited, and an open-shell carbide has yet to be reported. Herein, we report the synthesis of the first terminal, open-shell carbide complexes, [K][1] and [1][BArF4] (1 = P2Mo(≡C:)(CO), P2 = a terphenyl diphosphine ligand), which differ by two redox states, as well as a series of related open-shell carbyne complexes. The complexes are characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and NMR, EPR, and IR spectroscopies, while the electronic structures are probed by EPR studies and DFT calculations to assess spin delocalization. In the d1 complexes, the spin is primarily localized on the metal (∼55-77% Mo dxy) with delocalization on the triply bonded carbon of ∼0.05-0.09 e-. In the reduced carbide [K][1], a direct metal-arene interaction enables ancillary ligand reduction, resulting in reduced radical character on the terminal carbide (⩽0.02 e-). Reactivity studies with [K][1] reveal the formation of mixed-valent C-C coupled products at -40 °C, illustrating how productive reactivity manifolds can be engendered through the manipulation of redox states. Combined, the results inform on the electronic structure and reactivity of a new and underrepresented class of compounds with potential significance to a wide array of reactions involving open-shell species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwendolyn A Bailey
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Joshua A Buss
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Paul H Oyala
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Theodor Agapie
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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32
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Orthogonal cross-coupling through intermolecular metathesis of unstrained C(aryl)-C(aryl) single bonds. Nat Chem 2021; 13:836-842. [PMID: 34341526 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-021-00757-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
While metathesis reactions involving carbon-carbon double bonds, namely olefin metathesis, have been well established with broad utility in organic synthesis and materials science, direct metathesis of kinetically less accessible C-C single bonds is extremely rare. Here we report a ruthenium-catalysed reversible C-C single-bond metathesis reaction that allows redox- and pH-neutral biaryl synthesis. Assisted by directing groups, unstrained homo-biaryl compounds undergo aryl exchanges to generate cross-biaryl products, catalysed by a well-defined air-stable ruthenium(II) complex. Functional groups reactive under typical cross-coupling reactions, such as halogen, silyl and boronate moieties, are compatible under the metathesis conditions. Mechanistic studies disclose an intriguing 'olefin-metathesis-like' pathway that involves an unexpected heptacoordinated, 18-electron closed-shell intermediate. The distinct reaction mode discovered here is expected to inspire the development of more general C-C single-bond metathesis and orthogonal cross-coupling reactions.
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33
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Haack A, Hillenbrand J, van Gastel M, Fürstner A, Neese F. Spectroscopic and Theoretical Study on Siloxy-Based Molybdenum and Tungsten Alkylidyne Catalysts for Alkyne Metathesis. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Haack
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | | | | | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Frank Neese
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
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34
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Haack A, Hillenbrand J, Leutzsch M, van Gastel M, Neese F, Fürstner A. Productive Alkyne Metathesis with "Canopy Catalysts" Mandates Pseudorotation. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:5643-5648. [PMID: 33826335 PMCID: PMC8154524 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c01404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Molybdenum alkylidyne
complexes of the “canopy catalyst”
series define new standards in the field of alkyne metathesis. The
tripodal ligand framework lowers the symmetry of the metallacyclobutadiene
complex formed by [2 + 2] cycloaddition with the substrate and imposes
constraints onto the productive [2 + 2] cycloreversion; pseudorotation
corrects this handicap and makes catalytic turnover possible. A combined
spectroscopic, crystallographic, and computational study provides
insights into this unorthodox mechanism and uncovers the role that
metallatetrahedrane complexes play in certain cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Haack
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, D-45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | | | - Markus Leutzsch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, D-45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | | | - Frank Neese
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, D-45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, D-45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
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35
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Löffler LE, Wirtz C, Fürstner A. Collective Total Synthesis of Casbane Diterpenes: One Strategy, Multiple Targets. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:5316-5322. [PMID: 33289954 PMCID: PMC7986786 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202015243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Of the more than 100 casbane diterpenes known to date, only the eponymous parent hydrocarbon casbene itself has ever been targeted by chemical synthesis. Outlined herein is a conceptually new approach that brings not a single but a variety of casbane derivatives into reach, especially the more highly oxygenated and arguably more relevant members of this family. The key design elements are a catalyst-controlled intramolecular cyclopropanation with or without subsequent equilibration, chain extension of the resulting stereoisomeric cyclopropane building blocks by chemoselective hydroboration/cross-coupling, and the efficient closure of the strained macrobicyclic framework by ring-closing alkyne metathesis. A hydroxy-directed catalytic trans-hydrostannation allows for late-stage diversity. These virtues are manifested in the concise total syntheses of depressin, yuexiandajisu A, and ent-pekinenin C. The last compound turned out to be identical to euphorhylonal A, the structure of which had clearly been misassigned.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Conny Wirtz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung45470Mülheim/RuhrGermany
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung45470Mülheim/RuhrGermany
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36
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Löffler LE, Wirtz C, Fürstner A. Collective Total Synthesis of Casbane Diterpenes: One Strategy, Multiple Targets. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202015243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Conny Wirtz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
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37
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Schulthoff S, Hamilton JY, Heinrich M, Kwon Y, Wirtz C, Fürstner A. The Formosalides: Structure Determination by Total Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:446-454. [PMID: 32946141 PMCID: PMC7821135 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Total synthesis allowed the constitution of the cytotoxic marine macrolides of the formosalide family to be confirmed and their previously unknown stereostructure to be assigned with confidence. The underlying blueprint was inherently modular to ensure that each conceivable isomer could be reached. This flexibility derived from the use of strictly catalyst controlled transformations to set the stereocenters, except for the anomeric position, which is under thermodynamic control; as an extra safety measure, all stereogenic centers were set prior to ring closure to preclude any interference of the conformation adopted by the macrolactone rings of the different diastereomers. Late-stage macrocyclization by ring-closing alkyne metathesis was followed by a platinum-catalyzed transannular 6-exo-dig hydroalkoxylation/ketalization to craft the polycyclic frame. The side chain featuring a very labile unsaturation pattern was finally attached to the core by Stille coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marc Heinrich
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung45470Mülheim/RuhrGermany
| | - Yonghoon Kwon
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung45470Mülheim/RuhrGermany
| | - Conny Wirtz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung45470Mülheim/RuhrGermany
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung45470Mülheim/RuhrGermany
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38
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Zhang W. Heck macrocyclization in natural product total synthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 38:1109-1135. [PMID: 33662070 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00087f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 1981-2020 Heck macrocyclization is a logical extension of the award-winning Mizoroki-Heck reaction. Through covalent linking of two otherwise discrete coupling partners, the resultant chimeric substrate is transformed into a large ring with enhanced rigidity and unique functional group disposition. Pioneered in the early 1980s, this methodology has evolved into a competent option for creating diverse macrocycles. Despite its growing influence, hitherto no systematic survey has ever appeared in the literature. The present review delineates the state-of-the-art of Heck macrocyclization in the context of natural product synthesis. Sixteen selected cases, each examined from a different perspective, coalesce into the view that the title reaction is a viable tool for synthesis-enabled macrocycle research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weicheng Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, People's Republic of China.
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39
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Hillenbrand J, Leutzsch M, Gordon CP, Copéret C, Fürstner A. 183 W NMR Spectroscopy Guides the Search for Tungsten Alkylidyne Catalysts for Alkyne Metathesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:21758-21768. [PMID: 32820864 PMCID: PMC7756321 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Triarylsilanolates are privileged ancillary ligands for molybdenum alkylidyne catalysts for alkyne metathesis but lead to disappointing results and poor stability in the tungsten series. 1 H,183 W heteronuclear multiple bond correlation spectroscopy, exploiting a favorable 5 J-coupling between the 183 W center and the peripheral protons on the alkylidyne cap, revealed that these ligands upregulate the Lewis acidity to an extent that the tungstenacyclobutadiene formed in the initial [2+2] cycloaddition step is over-stabilized and the catalytic turnover brought to a halt. Guided by the 183 W NMR shifts as a proxy for the Lewis acidity of the central atom and by an accompanying chemical shift tensor analysis of the alkylidyne unit, the ligand design was revisited and a more strongly π-donating all-alkoxide ligand prepared. The new expanded chelate complex has a tempered Lewis acidity and outperforms the classical Schrock catalyst, carrying monodentate tert-butoxy ligands, in terms of rate and functional-group compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Markus Leutzsch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung45470Mülheim/RuhrGermany
| | - Christopher P. Gordon
- Department of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH ZürichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–58093ZürichSwitzerland
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH ZürichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–58093ZürichSwitzerland
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung45470Mülheim/RuhrGermany
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40
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Synthesis of Alkyne Metathesis Catalysts from Tris(dimethylamido)tungsten Precursors. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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41
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Schulthoff S, Hamilton JY, Heinrich M, Kwon Y, Wirtz C, Fürstner A. The Formosalides: Structure Determination by Total Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marc Heinrich
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
| | - Yonghoon Kwon
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
| | - Conny Wirtz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
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42
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Hillenbrand J, Leutzsch M, Gordon CP, Copéret C, Fürstner A. 183
W NMR Spectroscopy Guides the Search for Tungsten Alkylidyne Catalysts for Alkyne Metathesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202009975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Markus Leutzsch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
| | - Christopher P. Gordon
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
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43
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Hillenbrand J, van Gastel M, Bill E, Neese F, Fürstner A. Isolation of a Homoleptic Non-oxo Mo(V) Alkoxide Complex: Synthesis, Structure, and Electronic Properties of Penta- tert-Butoxymolybdenum. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:16392-16402. [PMID: 32847348 PMCID: PMC7517713 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c07073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of [MoCl4(THF)2] with MOtBu (M = Na, Li) does not result in simple metathetic ligand exchange but entails disproportionation with formation of the well-known dinuclear complex [(tBuO)3Mo≡Mo(OtBu)3] and a new paramagnetic compound, [Mo(OtBu)5]. This particular five-coordinate species is the first monomeric, homoleptic, all-oxygen-ligated but non-oxo 4d1 Mo(V) complex known to date; as such, it proves that the dominance of the Mo═O group over (high-valent) molybdenum chemistry can be challenged. [Mo(OtBu)5] was characterized in detail by a combined experimental/computational approach using X-ray diffraction; UV/vis, MCD, IR, EPR, and NMR spectroscopy; and quantum chemistry. The recorded data confirm a Jahn-Teller distortion of the structure, as befitting a d1 species, and show that the complex undergoes Berry pseudorotation. The alkoxide ligands render the disproportionation reaction, leading the formation of [Mo(OtBu)5] to be particularly facile, even though the parent complex [MoCl4(THF)2] itself was also found to be intrinsically unstable; remarkably, this substrate converts into a crystalline material, in which the newly formed Mo(III) and Mo(V) products cohabitate the same unit cell.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eckhard Bill
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Frank Neese
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
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44
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Zeng Q, He C, Zhou S, Dong K, Qiu L, Xu X. Dirhodium(II)‐Catalyzed Cyclopropanation of Alkyne‐Containing α‐Diazoacetates for the Synthesis of Cycloalkynes. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zeng
- College of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow University Suzhou 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Ciwang He
- College of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow University Suzhou 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Su Zhou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug DiscoverySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesSun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Kuiyong Dong
- College of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow University Suzhou 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Lihua Qiu
- College of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow University Suzhou 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Xinfang Xu
- College of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow University Suzhou 215123 People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug DiscoverySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesSun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
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45
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Hillenbrand J, Leutzsch M, Yiannakas E, Gordon CP, Wille C, Nöthling N, Copéret C, Fürstner A. "Canopy Catalysts" for Alkyne Metathesis: Molybdenum Alkylidyne Complexes with a Tripodal Ligand Framework. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:11279-11294. [PMID: 32463684 PMCID: PMC7322728 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
![]()
A new family of structurally well-defined
molybdenum alkylidyne
catalysts for alkyne metathesis, which is distinguished by a tripodal
trisilanolate ligand architecture, is presented. Complexes of type 1 combine the virtues of previous generations of silanolate-based
catalysts with a significantly improved functional group tolerance.
They are easy to prepare on scale; the modularity of the ligand synthesis
allows the steric and electronic properties to be fine-tuned and hence
the application profile of the catalysts to be optimized. This opportunity
is manifested in the development of catalyst 1f, which
is as reactive as the best ancestors but exhibits an unrivaled scope.
The new catalysts work well in the presence of unprotected alcohols
and various other protic groups. The chelate effect entails even a
certain stability toward water, which marks a big leap forward in
metal alkylidyne chemistry in general. At the same time, they tolerate
many donor sites, including basic nitrogen and numerous heterocycles.
This aspect is substantiated by applications to polyfunctional (natural)
products. A combined spectroscopic, crystallographic, and computational
study provides insights into structure and electronic character of
complexes of type 1. Particularly informative are a density
functional theory (DFT)-based chemical shift tensor analysis of the
alkylidyne carbon atom and 95Mo NMR spectroscopy; this
analytical tool had been rarely used in organometallic chemistry before
but turns out to be a sensitive probe that deserves more attention.
The data show that the podand ligands render a Mo-alkylidyne a priori
more electrophilic than analogous monodentate triarylsilanols; proper
ligand tuning, however, allows the Lewis acidity as well as the steric
demand about the central atom to be adjusted to the point that excellent
performance of the catalyst is ensured.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Markus Leutzsch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Ektoras Yiannakas
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Christopher P Gordon
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Wille
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Nils Nöthling
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
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46
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Zaranek M, Robaszkiewicz J, Janica I, Gauvin RM, Pawluć P, Mortreux A. In situ Mo(CO)₆-based catalysts for alkyne metathesis: Silanols vs phenols as co-catalysts under thermal and photochemical activation. CATAL COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2020.105944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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47
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Temkin ON. “Golden Age” of Homogeneous Catalysis Chemistry of Alkynes: Dimerization and Oligomerization of Alkynes. KINETICS AND CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0023158419060120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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48
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Queen JD, Phung AC, Caputo CA, Fettinger JC, Power PP. Metathetical Exchange between Metal-Metal Triple Bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:2233-2237. [PMID: 31951405 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b13604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of the molybdenum-molybdenum triple-bonded dimer (CO)2CpMo≡MoCp(CO)2 (Cp = η5-C5H5) with the triple-bonded dimetallynes AriPr4MMAriPr4 or AriPr6MMAriPr6 (AriPr4 = C6H3-2,6-(C6H3-2,6-Pri2)2, AriPr6 = C6H3-2,6-(C6H2-2,4,6-Pri3)2; M = Ge, Sn, or Pb) under mild conditions (≤80 °C, 1 bar) afforded AriPr4M≡MoCp(CO)2 or AriPr6M≡MoCp(CO)2 in moderate to excellent yields. The reactions represent the first isolable products from a metathesis of two metal-metal triple bonds. Analogous exchange reactions with the single-bonded (CO)3CpMo-MoCp(CO)3 gave ArM̈-MoCp(CO)3 (Ar = AriPr4 or AriPr6; M = Sn or Pb). The products were characterized by NMR (1H, 13C, 119Sn, or 207Pb), electronic, and IR spectroscopy and by X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Queen
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , One Shields Ave , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Alice C Phung
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , One Shields Ave , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Christine A Caputo
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , One Shields Ave , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - James C Fettinger
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , One Shields Ave , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Philip P Power
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , One Shields Ave , Davis , California 95616 , United States
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Thiel NO, Kaewmee B, Tran Ngoc T, Teichert JF. A Simple Nickel Catalyst Enabling an E-Selective Alkyne Semihydrogenation. Chemistry 2020; 26:1597-1603. [PMID: 31691388 PMCID: PMC7027572 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Stereoselective alkyne semihydrogenations are attractive approaches to alkenes, which are key building blocks for synthesis. With regards to the most atom-economic reducing agent dihydrogen (H2 ), only few catalysts for the challenging E-selective alkyne semihydrogenation have been disclosed, each with a unique substrate scope profile. Here, we show that a commercially available nickel catalyst facilitates the E-selective alkyne semihydrogenation of a wide variety of substituted internal alkynes. This results in a simple and broadly applicable overall protocol to stereoselectively access E-alkenes employing H2 , which could serve as a general method for synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas O. Thiel
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität BerlinStrasse des 17. Juni 11510623BerlinGermany
| | - Benyapa Kaewmee
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität BerlinStrasse des 17. Juni 11510623BerlinGermany
| | - Trung Tran Ngoc
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität BerlinStrasse des 17. Juni 11510623BerlinGermany
| | - Johannes F. Teichert
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität BerlinStrasse des 17. Juni 11510623BerlinGermany
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50
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Chen A, Yu H, Yan J, Huang H. Lewis Acid Catalyzed Electrophilic Aminomethyloxygenative Cyclization of Alkynols with N,O-Aminals. Org Lett 2020; 22:755-759. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anrong Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Houjian Yu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Jiaqi Yan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Hanmin Huang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
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