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Elishav O, Blumer O, Vanderlick TK, Hirshberg B. The effect of ligands on the size distribution of copper nanoclusters: Insights from molecular dynamics simulations. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:164301. [PMID: 38647299 DOI: 10.1063/5.0202432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Controlling the size distribution in the nucleation of copper particles is crucial for achieving nanocrystals with desired physical and chemical properties. However, their synthesis involves a complex system of solvents, ligands, and copper precursors with intertwining effects on the size of the nanoclusters. We combine molecular dynamics simulations and density functional theory calculations to provide insights into the nucleation mechanism in the presence of a triphenyl phosphite ligand. We identify the crucial role of the strength of the metal-phosphine interaction in inhibiting the cluster's growth. We demonstrate computationally several practical routes to fine-tune the interaction strength by modifying the side groups of the additive. Our work provides molecular insights into the complex nucleation process of protected copper nanocrystals, which can assist in controlling their size distribution and, eventually, their morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Elishav
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Ofir Blumer
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - T Kyle Vanderlick
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Barak Hirshberg
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- The Center for Computational Molecular and Materials Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- The Ratner Center for Single Molecule Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- The Center for Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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Krivchikov A, Andersson O, Korolyuk O, Kryvchikov O. Thermal Conductivity of Solid Triphenyl Phosphite. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238399. [PMID: 36500490 PMCID: PMC9739547 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The thermal conductivity, κ, of solid triphenyl phosphite was measured by using the transient hot-wire method, and its temperature and pressure dependencies were analyzed to understand heat transfer processes in the solid polymorphic phases, as well as in the glass and the exotic glacial state. Phase transformations and the structural order of the phases are discussed, and a transitional pressure-temperature diagram of triphenyl phosphite is presented. The thermal conductivity of both the crystalline and disordered states is described within the theory of two-channel heat transfer by phonons and diffusons in dielectric solids. In the glass and glacial states, the weakly temperature-dependent (glass-like) κ is described well by the term associated with heat conduction of diffusons only, and it can be represented by an Arrhenius-type function. In the crystal phases, the strongly temperature-dependent (crystal-like) κ associated with heat transfer by phonons is weakened by significant heat transfer by diffusons, and the extent of the two contributions is reflected in the temperature dependence of κ. We find that the contribution of diffusons in the crystal phases depends on pressure in the same way as that in amorphous states, thus indicating that the same mechanism is responsible for this channel of heat transfer in crystals and amorphous states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Krivchikov
- B. Verkin Institute for Low-Temperature Physics and Engineering of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 47 Nauky Avenue, 61103 Kharkiv, Ukraine
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (O.A.)
| | - Ove Andersson
- Department of Physics, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (O.A.)
| | - Oksana Korolyuk
- B. Verkin Institute for Low-Temperature Physics and Engineering of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 47 Nauky Avenue, 61103 Kharkiv, Ukraine
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Oleksii Kryvchikov
- B. Verkin Institute for Low-Temperature Physics and Engineering of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 47 Nauky Avenue, 61103 Kharkiv, Ukraine
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3
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Tanaka
- Department of Fundamental Engineering, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
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4
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Shenderovich IG. Experimentally Established Benchmark Calculations of
31
P NMR Quantities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cmtd.202000033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilya G. Shenderovich
- Ilya G. Shenderovich Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Regensburg Universitaetstrasse 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
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5
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Walton F, Bolling J, Farrell A, MacEwen J, Syme CD, Jiménez MG, Senn HM, Wilson C, Cinque G, Wynne K. Polyamorphism Mirrors Polymorphism in the Liquid-Liquid Transition of a Molecular Liquid. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:7591-7597. [PMID: 32249557 PMCID: PMC7181258 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
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Liquid–liquid
transitions between two amorphous phases in
a single-component liquid have courted controversy. All known examples
of liquid–liquid transitions in molecular liquids have been
observed in the supercooled state, suggesting an intimate connection
with vitrification and locally favored structures inhibiting crystallization.
However, there is precious little information about the local molecular
packing in supercooled liquids, meaning that the order parameter of
the transition is still unknown. Here, we investigate the liquid–liquid
transition in triphenyl phosphite and show that it is caused by the
competition between liquid structures that mirror two crystal polymorphs.
The liquid–liquid transition is found to be between a geometrically
frustrated liquid and a dynamically frustrated glass. These results
indicate a general link between polymorphism and polyamorphism and
will lead to a much greater understanding of the physical basis of
liquid–liquid transitions and allow the systematic discovery
of other examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finlay Walton
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
| | - John Bolling
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
| | - Andrew Farrell
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
| | - Jamie MacEwen
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
| | | | | | - Hans M Senn
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
| | - Claire Wilson
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
| | - Gianfelice Cinque
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, U.K
| | - Klaas Wynne
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
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6
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Krivchikov AI, Andersson O. Thermal Conductivity of Triphenyl Phosphite’s Liquid, Glassy, and Glacial States. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:2845-53. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander I. Krivchikov
- B. Verkin Institute
for Low Temperature Physics and Engineering of NAS Ukraine, 47 Lenin Avenue, Kharkov 61103, Ukraine
| | - Ove Andersson
- Department
of Physics, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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7
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Mosses J, Syme CD, Wynne K. Order Parameter of the Liquid-Liquid Transition in a Molecular Liquid. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:38-43. [PMID: 26263088 DOI: 10.1021/jz5022763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Liquid-liquid transitions (LLTs) between amorphous phases of a single (chemically unchanged) liquid were predicted to occur in most molecular liquids but have only been observed in triphenyl phosphite (TPP) and n-butanol, and even these examples have been dismissed as "aborted crystallization". One of the foremost reasons that LLTs remain so controversial is the lack of an obvious order parameter, that is, a physical parameter characterizing the phase transition. Here, using the technique of fluorescence lifetime imaging, we show for the first time that the LLT in TPP is characterized by a change in polarity linked to changes in molecular ordering associated with crystal polymorphs. We conclude that the LLT in TPP is a phase transition associated with frustrated molecular clusters, explaining the paucity of examples of LLTs seen in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Mosses
- School of Chemistry, WestCHEM, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher D Syme
- School of Chemistry, WestCHEM, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Klaas Wynne
- School of Chemistry, WestCHEM, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
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9
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Rudavskyi A, Havenith RWA, Broer R, de Graaf C, Sousa C. Explanation of the site-specific spin crossover in Fe(mtz)6(BF4)2. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:14702-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt52027g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Wawrzyniak P, Slawin AMZ, Woollins JD, Kilian P. Syntheses and characterization of bis(trifluoromethyl)phosphino naphthalenes and acenaphthenes. Dalton Trans 2010:85-92. [DOI: 10.1039/b916425a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Schmidt M, Senker J. Detektion subkritischer Keime einer molekularen Flüssigkeit im System Triphenylphosphit. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.200870134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Sehnert J, Senker J. A Concerted Approach for the Determination of Molecular Conformation in Ordered and Disordered Materials. Chemistry 2007; 13:6339-50. [PMID: 17497618 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200601726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We present the successful application of a concerted approach for the investigation of the local environment in ordered and disordered phases in the solid state. In this approach we combined isotope labeling with computational methods and different solid-state NMR techniques. We chose triphenylphosphite (TPP) as an interesting example of our investigations because TPP exhibits two crystalline modifications and two different amorphous phases one of which is highly correlated. In particular we analyzed the conformational distribution in three of these phases. A sample of triply labeled 1-[13C]TPP was prepared and 1D MAS as well as wide-line 13C NMR spectra were measured. Furthermore we acquired 2D 13C wide-line exchange spectra and used this method to derive highly detailed information about the phenyl orientation in the investigated TPP phases. For linkage with a structure model a DFT analysis of the TPP molecule and its immediate environment was carried out. The ab initio calculations of the 13C chemical shift tensor in three- and six-spin systems served as a base for the calculation of 1D and 2D spectra. By comparing these simulations to the experiment an explicit picture of all phases could be drawn on a molecular level. Our results therefore reveal the high potential of the presented approach for detailed studies of the mesoscopic environment even in the challenging case of amorphous materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Sehnert
- Anorganische Chemie I, Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
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