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Davis AJ, Watson RB, Nasrallah DJ, Gomez-Lopez JL, Schindler CS. Superelectrophilic aluminium(iii)–ion pairs promote a distinct reaction path for carbonyl–olefin ring-closing metathesis. Nat Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-020-00499-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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2
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Keaveney ST, Haines RS, Harper JB. Ionic liquid solvents: the importance of microscopic interactions in predicting organic reaction outcomes. PURE APPL CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2016-1008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIonic liquids are attractive alternatives to molecular solvents as they have many favourable physical properties and can produce different organic reaction outcomes compared to molecular solvents. Thus far, interactions between the ionic liquid components and specific sites (such as charged centres, lone pairs and π systems) on the reagents and transition state have been identified as affecting reaction outcome; a comprehensive understanding of these interactions is necessary to allow prediction of ionic liquid solvent effects. This manuscript summarises our recent progress in the development of a framework for predicting the effect of an ionic liquid solvent on the outcome of organic processes. There will be a particular focus on the importance of the different interactions between the ionic liquid components and the species along the reaction coordinate that are responsible for the changes in reaction outcome observed in the cases described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinead T. Keaveney
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, UNSW Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Ronald S. Haines
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, UNSW Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Jason B. Harper
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, UNSW Sydney 2052, Australia
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3
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Polymethacrylate microparticles covalently functionalized with an ionic liquid for solid-phase extraction of fluoroquinolone antibiotics. Mikrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-015-1544-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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4
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Pialat A, Bergès J, Sabourin A, Vinck R, Liégault B, Taillefer M. Iodine(III)-Mediatedpara-Selective Direct Imidation of Anilides. Chemistry 2015; 21:10014-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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5
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Zahn S, Stark A. Order in the chaos: the secret of the large negative entropy of dissolving 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride in trihexyltetradecylphosphonium chloride. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:4034-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp05074f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A large symmetric ion cluster cage is formed if 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ionic liquids with short alkyl chains are added to trihexyltetradecylphosphonium chloride which results in a large negative entropy of dissolution and an unexpected ion dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Zahn
- Wilhelm Ostwald Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie
- Universität Leipzig
- 04103 Leipzig
- Germany
| | - Annegret Stark
- Eduard-Zintl Institut for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry
- Technical University Darmstadt
- 64287 Darmstadt
- Germany
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6
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Keaveney ST, Haines RS, Harper JB. Ionic liquid effects on a multistep process. Increased product formation due to enhancement of all steps. Org Biomol Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01214g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
An ionic liquid is shown to increase the rate of all three steps in this imine formation and the microscopic origins of such are investigated. The magnitude of this enhancement varies with the nature of the substituent, though in all cases the rate of imine formation is increased.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jason B. Harper
- School of Chemistry
- University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
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7
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Keaveney ST, Haines RS, Harper JB. Developing principles for predicting ionic liquid effects on reaction outcome. The importance of the anion in controlling microscopic interactions. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:3771-80. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02482f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Predictable changes in the rate constant of a condensation reaction were seen as the solvent composition was varied. The cation–nucleophile interaction could be controlled in a predictable manner; activation parameters varied linearly with the H-bond acceptor ability of the anions used.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jason B. Harper
- School of Chemistry
- University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
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8
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Butler BJ, Harper JB. The effect of an ionic liquid on the rate of reaction at a phosphorus centre. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj01224k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Rate constant of a substitution at phosphorus varies with amount of ionic liquid present; enthalpic benefit offsets entropic cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley J. Butler
- School of Chemistry
- University of New South Wales
- UNSW Sydney 2052
- Australia
| | - Jason B. Harper
- School of Chemistry
- University of New South Wales
- UNSW Sydney 2052
- Australia
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9
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Keaveney ST, Harper JB, Croft AK. Computational approaches to understanding reaction outcomes of organic processes in ionic liquids. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra14676j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The utility of using a combined experimental and computational approach for understanding ionic liquid media, and their effect on reaction outcome, is highlighted through a number of case studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jason B. Harper
- School of Chemistry
- University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Anna K. Croft
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- University of Nottingham
- University Park
- Nottingham
- UK
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10
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11
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Weber CC, Masters AF, Maschmeyer T. Steric, hydrogen-bonding and structural heterogeneity effects on the nucleophilic substitution of N-(p-fluorophenyldiphenylmethyl)-4-picolinium chloride in ionic liquids. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:2534-42. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40105g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Stark A, Brehm M, Brüssel M, Lehmann SBC, Pensado AS, Schöppke M, Kirchner B. A theoretical and experimental chemist's joint view on hydrogen bonding in ionic liquids and their binary mixtures. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2013; 351:149-87. [PMID: 24682761 DOI: 10.1007/128_2013_485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A combined experimental and theoretical approach including quantum chemistry tools and computational simulation techniques can provide a holistic description of the nature of the interactions present in ionic liquid media. The nature of hydrogen bonding in ionic liquids is an especially intriguing aspect, and it is affected by all types of interactions occurring in this media. Overall, these interactions represent a delicate balance of forces that influence the structure and dynamics, and hence the properties of ionic liquids. An understanding of the fundamental principles can be achieved only by a combination of computations and experimental work. In this contribution we show recent results shedding light on the nature of hydrogen bonding, for certain cases the formation of a three-dimensional network of hydrogen bonding, and its dynamics by comparing 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium based acetate, chloride and thiocyanate ionic liquids.A particularly interesting case to study hydrogen bonding and other interactions is the investigation of binary mixtures of ionic liquids of the type [cation1][anion1]/[cation1][anion2]. In these mixtures, competing interactions are to be expected. We present both a thorough property meta-analysis of the literature and new data covering a wide range of anions, i.e., mixtures of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate with either trifluoroacetate, tetrafluoroborate, methanesulfonate, or bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide. In most cases, ideal mixing behavior is found, a surprising result considering the multitude of interactions present. However, ideal mixing behavior allows for the prediction of properties such as density, refractive index, surface tension, and, in most cases, viscosity as function of molar composition. Furthermore, we show that the prediction of properties such as the density of binary ionic liquid mixtures is possible by making use of group contribution methods which were originally developed for less complex non-ionic molecules. Notwithstanding this ideal mixing behavior, several exciting applications are discussed where preferential solvation via hydrogen bonding gives rise to non-additive effects leading to performance improvements. The assessment of the excess properties and (1)H NMR spectroscopic studies provide information on these structural changes and preferential interactions occurring in binary mixtures of ionic liquid, that clearly support the conclusions drawn from the computational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annegret Stark
- Institute for Chemical Technology, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr. 3-4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany,
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13
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Tanner EEL, Hawker RR, Yau HM, Croft AK, Harper JB. Probing the importance of ionic liquid structure: a general ionic liquid effect on an SNAr process. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:7516-21. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41634h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Shainyan BA, Tolstikova LL. Trifluoromethanesulfonamides and Related Compounds. Chem Rev 2012; 113:699-733. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300220h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bagrat A. Shainyan
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute
of Chemistry, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Science, 1
Favorsky Street, Irkutsk 664033, Russia
| | - Ljudmila L. Tolstikova
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute
of Chemistry, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Science, 1
Favorsky Street, Irkutsk 664033, Russia
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15
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Weber CC, Masters AF, Maschmeyer T. Pseudoverkapselung - Nanodomänen für verstärkte Reaktivität in ionischen Flüssigkeiten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201206113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Weber CC, Masters AF, Maschmeyer T. Pseudo-Encapsulation-Nanodomains for Enhanced Reactivity in Ionic Liquids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:11483-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201206113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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King AWT, Parviainen A, Karhunen P, Matikainen J, Hauru LKJ, Sixta H, Kilpeläinen I. Relative and inherent reactivities of imidazolium-based ionic liquids: the implications for lignocellulose processing applications. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra21287k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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18
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Zhang T, Cheng L, Hameed S, Liu L, Wang D, Chen YJ. Highly enantioselective Michael addition of 2-oxindoles to vinyl selenone in RTILs catalyzed by a Cinchona alkaloid-based thiourea. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:6644-6. [PMID: 21776615 DOI: 10.1039/c1cc10880h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A highly enantioselective Michael addition of 2-oxindoles (1) to vinyl selenone (2) in RTILs catalyzed by a Cinchona alkaloid-based thiourea has been developed in high yields (80-91%) with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 95% ee).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason P. Hallett
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Welton
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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20
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Hallett JP, Welton T. Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids: Solvents for Synthesis and Catalysis. 2. Chem Rev 2011; 111:3508-76. [PMID: 21469639 DOI: 10.1021/cr1003248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2679] [Impact Index Per Article: 206.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason P. Hallett
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Welton
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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21
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Chen Y, Bai L, Zhou C, Lee JM, Yang Y. Palladium-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of 1-phenylethanol with an ionic liquid additive. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:6452-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc11643f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Prechtl MHG, Campbell PS, Scholten JD, Fraser GB, Machado G, Santini CC, Dupont J, Chauvin Y. Imidazolium ionic liquids as promoters and stabilising agents for the preparation of metal(0) nanoparticles by reduction and decomposition of organometallic complexes. NANOSCALE 2010; 2:2601-2606. [PMID: 20936213 DOI: 10.1039/c0nr00574f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The organometallic complexes ([Ru(COD)(2-methylallyl)2] and [Ni(COD)2] (COD=1,5-cyclooctadiene) dissolved in imidazolium ionic liquids (ILs) undergo reduction and decomposition, respectively, to afford stable ruthenium and nickel metal(0) nanoparticles (Ru(0)-NPs and Ni(0)-NPs) in the absence of classical reducing agents. Depending on the case, the reduction/auto-decomposition is promoted by either the cation and/or anion of the neat imidazolium ILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin H G Prechtl
- Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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23
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Torriero AAJ, Shiddiky MJA, Bullock JP, Boas JF, MacFarlane DR, Bond AM. Electrooxidation of [(η5-C5H5)Fe(CO)2]2 As a Probe of the Nucleophilic Properties of Ionic Liquid Anions. Inorg Chem 2010; 49:2502-11. [DOI: 10.1021/ic9025238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John P. Bullock
- The Division of Natural Science and Mathematics, Bennington College, Bennington, Vermont 05201
| | | | | | - Alan M. Bond
- School of Chemistry
- ARC Special Research Centre for Green Chemistry
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24
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Pavlinac J, Zupan M, Laali KK, Stavber S. Halogenation of organic compounds in ionic liquids. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.04.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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25
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Stark A. Ionic Liquid Structure-Induced Effects on Organic Reactions. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2008; 290:41-81. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2008_43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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26
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27
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Dichiarante V, Betti C, Fagnoni M, Maia A, Landini D, Albini A. Characterizing Ionic Liquids as Reaction Media through a Chemical Probe. Chemistry 2007; 13:1834-41. [PMID: 17115463 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200601078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The triplet N,N-dimethylaminophenyl cation, a highly reactive but chemospecific electrophile, has been used as a probe for characterizing the properties of reaction media for a series of imidazolium ILs. With the N-hexyl-N-methyl imidazolium derivatives (not with the N-butyl analogues), hydrogen transfer leading to the aniline was the main process. Trapping by iodide occurred with an inverse dependence on viscosity. Trapping by pi nucleophiles exhibited a more complex behavior. This was explained by the effect of both the bulk viscosity and the structure of the IL cation on both steps of the reaction, namely, initial electrophilic attack and ensuing cation elimination or nucleophile addition. However, with an excellent nucleophile, such as thiophene, or when the latter step was intramolecular, as with 4-pentenol, the difference was obliterated and trapping became uniform. Incorporation of the probe into the IL cation (through insertion into the C--H bond alpha to the imidazolium ring) was demonstrated, while no addition to the anion tested (including bis(trifluoromethanesulfonimide)) took place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Dichiarante
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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28
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Bini R, Bortolini O, Chiappe C, Pieraccini D, Siciliano T. Development of Cation/Anion “Interaction” Scales for Ionic Liquids through ESI-MS Measurements. J Phys Chem B 2006; 111:598-604. [PMID: 17228918 DOI: 10.1021/jp0663199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry applied to ionic liquids allowed the study of loosely bonded supramolecules, originating from these organic salts. Based on the observation that ionic liquids formed cationic [C(q+1)X(q)](+) and anionic [C(q)X(q+1)](-) supramolecular aggregates, we have investigated mixed networks, formed by different cations coordinated to a selected anion or by different anions bonded to a given cation, i.e., [C1...X...C2](+) and [X1...C...X2](-), with the aim to build a scale of the cation-anion interaction strength. The qualitative order of intrinsic bond strength to Br- was found to be the following: [emim](+) > [bmim](+) > [mor1,2](+) > [hmim]+ > [omim](+) > [mor1,4](+) > [bupy](+) > [bpyrr](+) > [picol](+) > [bm(2)im](+) > [TBA](+). Similarly, the interaction energies to 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium (bmim) species envisaged two classes of anions: species tightly coordinated to the cationic moiety that include CF3COO(-), Br(-), N(CN)2(-), and BF4(-) and anions loosely interacting with the alkylimidazolium species such as OTf(-), PF6(-), and Tf2N(-).
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Bini
- Dipartimento di Chimica Bioorganica e Biofarmacia, via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Daguenet C, Dyson PJ. A Metallacage Encapsulating Chloride as a Probe for a Solvation Scale in Ionic Liquids. Inorg Chem 2006; 46:403-8. [PMID: 17279818 DOI: 10.1021/ic060631f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
With the purpose of assessing the reactivity of chloride ions dissolved in ionic liquids (ILs), a relative scale for the solvation of chloride is given for a series of ILs based on the bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide ([Tf(2)N]) anion and different cations, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium ([bmim]), 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium ([bdmim]), 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium ([bmpy]), 1-butylpyridinium ([bpy]), 1-pentyl-1,1,1-triethylammonium ([C(5)e(3)am]), and 1-(2-hydroxy)ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ([mimeOH]). Insights into the solvation of chloride are achieved by the thermodynamic study of the reaction of dissociation of a chloride-templated nickel(II) metallacage performed at various temperatures by UV-visible spectroscopy in each IL. The order of chloride solvation [C(5)e(3)am][Tf(2)N] < [bmpy][Tf(2)N] < [bmim][Tf(2)N] <or= [bdmim][Tf(2)N] < [bpy][Tf(2)N] < [mimeOH][Tf(2)N] was ascertained from the reaction enthalpies determined in the different ILs. The reaction entropies display a concentration-dependent behavior, which has highlighted a correlated motion of the ions in these ILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Daguenet
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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