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Della-Felice F, de Andrade Bartolomeu A, Pilli RA. The phosphate ester group in secondary metabolites. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 39:1066-1107. [PMID: 35420073 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00078k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2000 to mid-2021The phosphate ester is a versatile, widespread functional group involved in a plethora of biological activities. Its presence in secondary metabolites, however, is relatively rare compared to other functionalities and thus is part of a rather unexplored chemical space. Herein, the chemistry of secondary metabolites containing the phosphate ester group is discussed. The text emphasizes their structural diversity, biological and pharmacological profiles, and synthetic approaches employed in the phosphorylation step during total synthesis campaigns, covering the literature from 2000 to mid-2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Della-Felice
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6154, CEP 13083-970 Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | | | - Ronaldo Aloise Pilli
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6154, CEP 13083-970 Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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2
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Su X, Dohle W, Mills SJ, Watt JM, Rossi AM, Taylor CW, Potter BVL. Inositol Adenophostin: Convergent Synthesis of a Potent Agonist of d- myo-Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:28793-28811. [PMID: 33195933 PMCID: PMC7659177 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
d-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) are Ca2+ channels activated by the intracellular messenger inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3, 1). The glyconucleotide adenophostin A (AdA, 2) is a potent agonist of IP3Rs. A recent synthesis of d-chiro-inositol adenophostin (InsAdA, 5) employed suitably protected chiral building blocks and replaced the d-glucose core by d-chiro-inositol. An alternative approach to fully chiral material is now reported using intrinsic sugar chirality to avoid early isomer resolution, involving the coupling of a protected and activated racemic myo-inositol derivative to a d-ribose derivative. Diastereoisomer separation was achieved after trans-isopropylidene group removal and the absolute ribose-inositol conjugate stereochemistry assigned with reference to the earlier synthesis. Optimization of stannylene-mediated regiospecific benzylation was explored using the model 1,2-O-isopropylidene-3,6-di-O-benzyl-myo-inositol and conditions successfully transferred to one conjugate diastereoisomer with 3:1 selectivity. However, only roughly 1:1 regiospecificity was achieved on the required diastereoisomer. The conjugate regioisomers of benzyl derivatives 39 and 40 were successfully separated and 39 was transformed subsequently to InsAdA after amination, pan-phosphorylation, and deprotection. InsAdA from this synthetic route bound with greater affinity than AdA to IP3R1 and was more potent in releasing Ca2+ from intracellular stores through IP3Rs. It is the most potent full agonist of IP3R1 known and .equipotent with material from the fully chiral synthetic route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Su
- Medicinal
Chemistry & Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, U.K.
| | - Wolfgang Dohle
- Medicinal
Chemistry & Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, U.K.
| | - Stephen J. Mills
- Medicinal
Chemistry & Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, U.K.
| | - Joanna M. Watt
- Medicinal
Chemistry & Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, U.K.
- Wolfson
Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K.
| | - Ana M. Rossi
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, U.K.
| | - Colin W. Taylor
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, U.K.
| | - Barry V. L. Potter
- Medicinal
Chemistry & Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, U.K.
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Vibhute AM, Pushpanandan P, Varghese M, Koniecnzy V, Taylor CW, Sureshan KM. Synthesis of dimeric analogs of adenophostin A that potently evoke Ca 2+ release through IP 3 receptors. RSC Adv 2016; 6:86346-86351. [PMID: 28066549 PMCID: PMC5171214 DOI: 10.1039/c6ra19413c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Syntheses and Ca2+ release potentials of four dimeric analogs of adenophostin A (AdA) through activation of type 1 IP3R are reported. These analogs are full agonists of IP3R and are equipotent to AdA, the most potent agonist of IP3R.
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) are tetrameric intracellular channels through which many extracellular stimuli initiate the Ca2+ signals that regulate diverse cellular responses. There is considerable interest in developing novel ligands of IP3R. Adenophostin A (AdA) is a potent agonist of IP3R and since some dimeric analogs of IP3R ligands are more potent than the corresponding monomer; we considered whether dimeric AdA analogs might provide agonists with increased potency. We previously synthesized traizolophostin, in which a simple triazole replaced the adenine of AdA, and showed it to be equipotent to AdA. Here, we used click chemistry to synthesize four homodimeric analogs of triazolophostin, connected by oligoethylene glycol chains of different lengths. We evaluated the potency of these analogs to release Ca2+ through type 1 IP3R and established that the newly synthesized dimers are equipotent to AdA and triazolophostin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol M Vibhute
- School of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram , Kerala 695016 , India . ; http://kms514.wix.com/kmsgroup
| | - Poornenth Pushpanandan
- School of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram , Kerala 695016 , India . ; http://kms514.wix.com/kmsgroup
| | - Maria Varghese
- School of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram , Kerala 695016 , India . ; http://kms514.wix.com/kmsgroup
| | - Vera Koniecnzy
- Department of Pharmacology , University of Cambridge , Tennis Court Road , Cambridge , CB2 1PD , UK
| | - Colin W Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology , University of Cambridge , Tennis Court Road , Cambridge , CB2 1PD , UK
| | - Kana M Sureshan
- School of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram , Kerala 695016 , India . ; http://kms514.wix.com/kmsgroup
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Vibhute AM, Konieczny V, Taylor CW, Sureshan KM. Triazolophostins: a library of novel and potent agonists of IP3 receptors. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 13:6698-710. [PMID: 25869535 PMCID: PMC4533600 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00440c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
IP3R initiate most cellular Ca2+ signaling. AdA is the most potent agonist of IP3R. The structural complexity of AdA makes synthesis of its analogs cumbersome. We report an easy method for generating a library of potent triazole-based analogs of AdA, triazolophostins, which are the most potent AdA analogs devoid of a nucleobase.
IP3 receptors are channels that mediate the release of Ca2+ from the intracellular stores of cells stimulated by hormones or neurotransmitters. Adenophostin A (AdA) is the most potent agonist of IP3 receptors, with the β-anomeric adenine contributing to the increased potency. The potency of AdA and its stability towards the enzymes that degrade IP3 have aroused interest in AdA analogs for biological studies. The complex structure of AdA poses problems that have necessitated optimization of synthetic conditions for each analog. Such lengthy one-at-a-time syntheses limit access to AdA analogs. We have addressed this problem by synthesizing a library of triazole-based AdA analogs, triazolophostins, by employing click chemistry. An advanced intermediate having all the necessary phosphates and a β-azide at the anomeric position was reacted with various alkynes under Cu(i) catalysis to yield triazoles, which upon deprotection gave triazolophostins. All eleven triazolophostins synthesized are more potent than IP3 and some are equipotent with AdA in functional analyses of IP3 receptors. We show that a triazole ring can replace adenine without compromising the potency of AdA and provide facile routes to novel AdA analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol M Vibhute
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala-695016, India.
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5
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Mahadevi AS, Sastry GN. Cation-π interaction: its role and relevance in chemistry, biology, and material science. Chem Rev 2012; 113:2100-38. [PMID: 23145968 DOI: 10.1021/cr300222d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 728] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Subha Mahadevi
- Molecular Modeling Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 607, Andhra Pradesh, India
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6
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Sureshan KM, Riley AM, Thomas MP, Tovey SC, Taylor CW, Potter BVL. Contribution of phosphates and adenine to the potency of adenophostins at the IP₃ receptor: synthesis of all possible bisphosphates of adenophostin A. J Med Chem 2012; 55:1706-20. [PMID: 22248345 PMCID: PMC3285137 DOI: 10.1021/jm201571p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Although adenophostin A (AdA), the most potent agonist
of d-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors
(IP3R), is thought to mimic IP3, the relative
roles
of the different phosphate groups and the adenosine motif have not
been established. We synthesized all three possible bisphosphate analogues
of AdA and glucose 3,4-bisphosphate (7, AdA lacking the
2′-AMP). 2′-Dephospho-AdA (6) was prepared
via a novel regioselective dephosphorylation strategy. Assessment
of the abilities of these bisphosphates to stimulate intracellular
Ca2+ release using recombinant rat type 1 IP3R (IP3R1) revealed that 6, a mimic of Ins(4,5)P2, is only 4-fold less potent than IP3, while 7 is some 400-fold weaker and even 3″-dephospho-AdA
(5) is measurably active, despite missing one of the
vicinal bisphosphate groups normally thought to be crucial for IP3-like activity. Compound 6 is the most potent
bisphosphate yet discovered with activity at IP3R. Thus,
adenosine has a direct role independent of the 2′-phosphate
group in contributing toward the potency of adenophostins, the vicinal
bisphosphate motif is not essential for activity at the IP3R, as always thought, and it is possible to design potent agonists
with just two of the three phosphates. A model with a possible adenine–R504
interaction supports the activity of 5 and 6 and also allows a reappraisal of the unexpected activity previously
reported for the AdA regioisomer 2″-phospho-3″-dephospho-AdA 40.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana M Sureshan
- Wolfson Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
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Best MD, Zhang H, Prestwich GD. Inositol polyphosphates, diphosphoinositol polyphosphates and phosphatidylinositol polyphosphate lipids: Structure, synthesis, and development of probes for studying biological activity. Nat Prod Rep 2010; 27:1403-30. [DOI: 10.1039/b923844c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Rossi AM, Riley AM, Potter BV, Taylor CW. Adenophostins. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2010; 66:209-33. [DOI: 10.1016/s1063-5823(10)66010-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
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Benito D, Isabel Matheu M, Morère A, Díaz Y, Castillón S. Designing an effective approach for obtaining methylenecarboxylate analogues of adenophostin A. Preliminary results. Carbohydr Res 2009; 344:2559-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2009.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2009] [Revised: 09/16/2009] [Accepted: 09/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Benito D, Matheu MI, Morère A, Díaz Y, Castillón S. Towards the preparation of 2″-deoxy-2″-fluoro-adenophostin A. Study of the glycosylation reaction. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abstract
The inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) receptors (InsP3Rs) are a family of Ca2+ release channels localized predominately in the endoplasmic reticulum of all cell types. They function to release Ca2+ into the cytoplasm in response to InsP3 produced by diverse stimuli, generating complex local and global Ca2+ signals that regulate numerous cell physiological processes ranging from gene transcription to secretion to learning and memory. The InsP3R is a calcium-selective cation channel whose gating is regulated not only by InsP3, but by other ligands as well, in particular cytoplasmic Ca2+. Over the last decade, detailed quantitative studies of InsP3R channel function and its regulation by ligands and interacting proteins have provided new insights into a remarkable richness of channel regulation and of the structural aspects that underlie signal transduction and permeation. Here, we focus on these developments and review and synthesize the literature regarding the structure and single-channel properties of the InsP3R.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kevin Foskett
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104-6085, USA.
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