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Terada M, Iwasaki Z, Yazaki R, Umemiya S, Kikuchi J. Development of a flow photochemical process for a π-Lewis acidic metal-catalyzed cyclization/radical addition sequence: in situ-generated 2-benzopyrylium as photoredox catalyst and reactive intermediate. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:1973-1980. [PMID: 39161711 PMCID: PMC11331546 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
A flow photochemical reaction system for a π-Lewis acidic metal-catalyzed cyclization/radical addition sequence was developed, which utilizes in situ-generated 2-benzopyrylium intermediates as the photoredox catalyst and electrophilic substrates. The key 2-benzopyrylium intermediates were generated in the flow reaction system through the intramolecular cyclization of ortho-carbonyl alkynylbenzene derivatives by the π-Lewis acidic metal catalyst AgNTf2 and the subsequent proto-demetalation with trifluoroacetic acid. The 2-benzopyrylium intermediates underwent further photoreactions with benzyltrimethylsilane derivatives as the donor molecule in the flow photoreactor to provide 1H-isochromene derivatives in higher yields in most cases than the batch reaction system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Terada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Zen Iwasaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Ryohei Yazaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Umemiya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Jun Kikuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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2
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Chang LH, Kumar S. Capillary Filling in Open Rectangular Microchannels with a Spatially Varying Contact Angle. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:18526-18536. [PMID: 38054451 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Capillary flow in microchannels is important for many technologies, such as microfluidic devices, heat exchangers, and fabrication of printed electronics. Due to a readily accessible interior, open rectangular microchannels are particularly attractive for these applications. Here, we develop modifications of the Lucas-Washburn model to explore how a spatially varying contact angle influences capillary flow in open rectangular microchannels. Four cases are considered: (i) different uniform contact angles on channel sidewalls and channel bottom, (ii) contact angles varying along the channel cross section, (iii) contact angle varying monotonically along the channel length, and (iv) contact angle varying periodically along the channel length. For case (i), it is found that the maximum filling velocity is more sensitive to changes in the wall contact angle. For case (ii), the contact angles can be averaged to transform the problem into that of case (i). For case (iii), the time evolution of the meniscus position no longer follows the simple square-root law at short times. Finally, for case (iv), the problem is well described by using a uniform contact angle that is a suitable average. These results provide insights into how to design contact-angle variations to control capillary filling and into the influence of naturally occurring contact-angle variations on capillary flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Satish Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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de Paula CCA, Binatti I, Coelho Pimenta JV, Augusti R. Accelerated synthesis of phthalimide derivatives: Intrinsic reactivity of diamines towards phthalic anhydride evaluated by paper spray ionization mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2022; 36:e9407. [PMID: 36169595 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Paper spray (PS) is a simple and innovative ambient ionization technique for mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. Under PS-MS conditions, chemical reactions, which usually occur slowly on a bulk scale, are accelerated. Moreover, the formation of products and transient species can be easily monitored. In this manuscript, reactions between phthalic anhydride and diamines were conducted and monitored using a PS-MS platform. The reaction products (phthalimides) have many pharmaceutical applications, but their traditional syntheses can take hours under reflux, requiring laborious purification steps. METHODS In situ reactions were performed by dropping methanolic solutions of phthalic anhydride and diamines on a triangular paper. The analyses were achieved by positioning the triangle tip in front of the mass spectrometer entrance, whereas a metal clip was attached to the triangle base. After adding methanol to the paper, a high voltage was applied across the metal clip, and the mass spectra were acquired. RESULTS The intrinsic reactivity of alkyl and aromatic diamines was evaluated. The carbon chain remarkably influenced the reactivity of aliphatic diamines. For aryl diamines, the ortho isomer was the most reactive. Moreover, for aryl amines with electron-withdrawing substituents, no reaction was noticed. CONCLUSIONS Taking advantage of the unique characteristics of PS-MS, it was possible to investigate the intrinsic reactivity of model alkyl (ethylene versus propylene) and aryl (o-phenylene versus m-phenylene and p-phenylene) diamines towards phthalic anhydride. Some crucial parameters that affect the intrinsic reactivity of organic molecules, such as isomerism, intramolecular interaction, and conformation, were easily explored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rodinei Augusti
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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4
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Burange AS, Osman SM, Luque R. Understanding flow chemistry for the production of active pharmaceutical ingredients. iScience 2022; 25:103892. [PMID: 35243250 PMCID: PMC8867129 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-step organic syntheses of various drugs, active pharmaceutical ingredients, and other pharmaceutically and agriculturally important compounds have already been reported using flow synthesis. Compared to batch, hazardous and reactive reagents can be handled safely in flow. This review discusses the pros and cons of flow chemistry in today’s scenario and recent developments in flow devices. The review majorly emphasizes on the recent developments in the flow synthesis of pharmaceutically important products in last five years including flibanserin, imatinib, buclizine, cinnarizine, cyclizine, meclizine, ribociclib, celecoxib, SC-560 and mavacoxib, efavirenz, fluconazole, melitracen HCl, rasagiline, tamsulosin, valsartan, and hydroxychloroquine. Critical steps and new development in the flow synthesis of selected compounds are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand S. Burange
- Department of Chemistry, Wilson College, Chowpatty, Mumbai 400007, India
- Corresponding author
| | - Sameh M. Osman
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rafael Luque
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Universidad de Cordoba, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3), Ctra Nnal IV-A, Km 396, E14014 Cordoba, Spain
- Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho Maklaya str., 107198 Moscow, Russian Federation
- Corresponding author
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5
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Taylor vortex center, film thickness, velocity and frequency of circulations in slugs and plugs for non-Newtonian and Newtonian fluids in two-phase Taylor flow in microchannels. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2021.117380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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6
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Zhang R, Liao W, Wang Y, Wang Y, Ian Wilson D, Clarke SM, Yang Z. The growth and shrinkage of water droplets at the oil-solid interface. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 584:738-748. [PMID: 33317712 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.09.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The mechanism for the spontaneous formation of water droplets at oil/solid interfaces immersed in water is currently unclear. We hypothesize that growth and shrinkage of droplets are kinetically controlled by diffusion of water through the oil, driven by differences in chemical potential between the solid substrate and the aqueous reservoir. EXPERIMENTS The formation, growth and shrinkage of water droplets at an immersed oil/solid interface are investigated theoretically and experimentally with three silicone oils. The surface is hydrophobic and the droplets formed are truncated spheres with radius, a, less than 10 μm. The expansion and contraction of the droplets can be controlled by adjusting the difference in chemical potential. The growth kinetics are modelled in terms of water migration through the oil layer which predicts a2∝t. FINDINGS This is the first study of possible mechanisms for the formation of such interfacial droplets. Several possible causes are shown to be unfavourable, negligible, or are eliminated by careful experiments controlling key parameters (such as oil viscosity, substrate chemistry). The rate constant for mass transport is proportional to difference in chemical potential and an estimate shows dissociation of surface groups on the substrate provides a driving chemical potential of the right magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wei Liao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - D Ian Wilson
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Philippa Fawcett Drive, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK.
| | - Stuart M Clarke
- Department of Chemistry and BP Institute, Madingley Rise, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - Zhongqiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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7
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Wang X, Wang Y, Li F, Li L, Ge X, Zhang S, Qiu T. Scale-up of microreactor: Effects of hydrodynamic diameter on liquid–liquid flow and mass transfer. Chem Eng Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2020.115838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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8
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Ebrahimzadeh Kouchesfahani M, Babaeipour V. Micro bioreactor scale-up and industrialization: a critical review of the methods, their prerequisites, and perquisites. MINERVA BIOTECNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.23736/s1120-4826.19.02595-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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9
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Baralle A, Inukai T, Yanagi T, Nogi K, Osuka A, Nagaki A, Yoshida JI, Yorimitsu H. Tf2O-mediated Reaction of Alkenyl Sulfoxides with Unprotected Anilines in Flow Microreactors. CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.190831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Baralle
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Inukai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yanagi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nogi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Aiichiro Nagaki
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Yoshida
- National Institute of Technology, Suzuka College, Shiroko-cho, Suzuka, Mie 510-0294, Japan
| | - Hideki Yorimitsu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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10
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Synthesis of Biaryls Having a Piperidylmethyl Group Based on Space Integration of Lithiation, Borylation, and Suzuki-Miyaura Coupling. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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11
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Ichinari D, Ashikari Y, Mandai K, Aizawa Y, Yoshida JI, Nagaki A. A Novel Approach to Functionalization of Aryl Azides through the Generation and Reaction of Organolithium Species Bearing Masked Azides in Flow Microreactors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:1567-1571. [PMID: 31733010 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201912419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A novel straightforward method for aryl azides having functional groups based on generation and reactions of aryllithiums bearing a triazene group from polybromoarenes using flow microreactor systems was achieved. The present approach will serve as a powerful method in organolithium chemistry and open a new possibility in the synthesis of polyfunctional organic azides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Ichinari
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yosuke Ashikari
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kyoko Mandai
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoko Aizawa
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Yoshida
- National Institute of Technology, Suzuka College, Shiroko-cho, Suzuka, Mie, 510-0294, Japan
| | - Aiichiro Nagaki
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
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12
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Zhang R, Wang Y, Yang Z. Spatially arranging interfacial droplets at the oil-solid interface. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:107-113. [PMID: 31651918 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01720h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The controlling and patterning of small droplets on a solid surface is of significant interest to understand interfacial phenomena and for practical applications. Among interfacial phenomena, the formation of interfacial droplets attracts scientists' attention, as the mechanism of this phenomenon where water molecules can spontaneously accumulate at the hydrophobic oil/solid interface is still not fully understood. Further investigation is needed to find out specifically where the driving force comes from and how to spatially arrange the interfacial droplets. Herein, self-assembled monolayers are formed on a gold substrate, and it turns out that the hydrophobic surface with a monolayer formed from HS(CH2)11CH3 could inhibit the formation of interfacial droplets; by contrast, the hydrophilic surfaces with monolayers formed from HS(CH2)11COOH, HS(CH2)11NH3·Cl and HS(CH2)11OH, all promote water accumulation. It suggests that the hydrogen bonding between the surface and water proves to be critical in inducing interfacial droplet formation but this has been neglected in past studies. Taking advantage of microcontact printing, the surface chemistry can be controlled at the micron scale and allows spatial arrangement of interfacial droplets at specific regions. This work moves a further step in understanding the mechanism of interfacial droplet formation, and can be potentially exploited for the collection of water and fabrication of microtemplates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Yao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Zhongqiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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13
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Ichinari D, Ashikari Y, Mandai K, Aizawa Y, Yoshida J, Nagaki A. A Novel Approach to Functionalization of Aryl Azides through the Generation and Reaction of Organolithium Species Bearing Masked Azides in Flow Microreactors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201912419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Ichinari
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Yosuke Ashikari
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Kyoko Mandai
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Yoko Aizawa
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Jun‐ichi Yoshida
- National Institute of Technology Suzuka College Shiroko-cho, Suzuka Mie 510-0294 Japan
| | - Aiichiro Nagaki
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
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14
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Ashikari Y, Saito K, Nokami T, Yoshida JI, Nagaki A. Oxo-Thiolation of Cationically Polymerizable Alkenes Using Flow Microreactors. Chemistry 2019; 25:15239-15243. [PMID: 31414708 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study describes the cationic oxo-thiolation of polymerizable alkenes by using highly reactive cationic species generated by anodic oxidation. These highly reactive cations were able to activate alkenes before their polymerization. Fast mixing in flow microreactors effectively controlled chemoselectivity, enabling higher reaction temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Ashikari
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kodai Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Toshiki Nokami
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology and Center for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori, 680-8552, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Yoshida
- National Institute of Technology, Suzuka College, Shiroko-cho, Suzuka, Mie, 510-0294, Japan
| | - Aiichiro Nagaki
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
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15
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Nagaki A, Yamashita H, Tsuchihashi Y, Hirose K, Takumi M, Yoshida JI. Generation and Reaction of Functional Alkyllithiums by Using Microreactors and Their Application to Heterotelechelic Polymer Synthesis. Chemistry 2019; 25:13719-13727. [PMID: 31400025 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Flow microreactors enabled the successful generation of various functional alkyllithiums containing electrophilic functional groups, as well as the use of these alkyllithiums in subsequent reactions. The high reactivity of these series of reactions could be achieved by the extremely accurate and selective control of residence time. Moreover, integrated flow microreactor systems could be used to successfully synthesize heterotelechelic polymers with two functionalities, one at each end, via a process involving controlled anionic polymerization initiated by functional alkyllithium compounds, followed by trapping reactions with difunctional electrophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiichiro Nagaki
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamashita
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yuta Tsuchihashi
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Hirose
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takumi
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Yoshida
- National Institute of Technology, Suzuka College, Shiroko-cho, Suzuka, Mie, 510-0294, Japan
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16
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Adebar N, Gröger H. Flow Process for Ketone Reduction Using a Superabsorber-Immobilized Alcohol Dehydrogenase from Lactobacillus brevis in a Packed-Bed Reactor. Bioengineering (Basel) 2019; 6:bioengineering6040099. [PMID: 31653007 PMCID: PMC6956264 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering6040099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Flow processes and enzyme immobilization have gained much attention over the past few years in the field of biocatalytic process design. Downstream processes and enzyme stability can be immensely simplified and improved. In this work, we report the utilization of polymer network-entrapped enzymes and their applicability in flow processes. We focused on the superabsorber-based immobilization of an alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) from Lactobacillus brevis and its application for a reduction of acetophenone. The applicability of this immobilization technique for a biotransformation running in a packed bed reactor was then demonstrated. Towards this end, the immobilized system was intensively studied, first in a batch mode, leading to >90% conversion within 24 h under optimized conditions. A subsequent transfer of this method into a flow process was conducted, resulting in very high initial conversions of up to 67% in such a continuously running process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Adebar
- Chair of Industrial Organic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Harald Gröger
- Chair of Industrial Organic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
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17
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Hommes A, Heeres HJ, Yue J. Catalytic Transformation of Biomass Derivatives to Value‐Added Chemicals and Fuels in Continuous Flow Microreactors. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201900807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arne Hommes
- Department of Chemical Engineering Engineering and Technology Institute GroningenUniversity of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 Groningen 9747 AG The Netherlands
| | - Hero Jan Heeres
- Department of Chemical Engineering Engineering and Technology Institute GroningenUniversity of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 Groningen 9747 AG The Netherlands
| | - Jun Yue
- Department of Chemical Engineering Engineering and Technology Institute GroningenUniversity of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 Groningen 9747 AG The Netherlands
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18
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Nakahara Y, Furusawa M, Endo Y, Shimazaki T, Ohtsuka K, Takahashi Y, Jiang Y, Nagaki A. Practical Continuous‐Flow Controlled/Living Anionic Polymerization. Chem Eng Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201900160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Nakahara
- Kyoto University Micro Chemical Production Study Consortium in Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku 615-8510 Kyoto Japan
- Ajinomoto Co., Inc. New Frontiers Research Group, Frontier Research Labs., Institute for Innovation 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku 210-8681 Kanagawa Japan
| | - Mai Furusawa
- Kyoto University Micro Chemical Production Study Consortium in Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku 615-8510 Kyoto Japan
- TOHO Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. Oppama Research Laboratory 5-2931, Urago-cho, Yokosuka-shi 237-0062 Kanagawa Japan
| | - Yuta Endo
- Kyoto University Micro Chemical Production Study Consortium in Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku 615-8510 Kyoto Japan
- Ajinomoto Co., Inc. Isolation And Purification Group, Process Development Section, Process Development Labs, Research Institute for Bioscience Products and Fine Chemicals 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasakiku 210-8681 Kanagawa Japan
| | - Toshiya Shimazaki
- Kyoto University Micro Chemical Production Study Consortium in Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku 615-8510 Kyoto Japan
- Japan, Tacmina Co. 2-2-14 Awajimachi, Chuo-ku 541-0047 Osaka Japan
| | - Keita Ohtsuka
- Kyoto University Micro Chemical Production Study Consortium in Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku 615-8510 Kyoto Japan
- Sankoh Seiki Kougyou Co., Ltd. 2-7-2, Keihinjima, Ota-ku 143-0003 Tokyo Japan
| | - Yusuke Takahashi
- Kyoto University Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Nishikyo-ku 615-8510 Kyoto Japan
| | - Yiyuan Jiang
- Kyoto University Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Nishikyo-ku 615-8510 Kyoto Japan
| | - Aiichiro Nagaki
- Kyoto University Micro Chemical Production Study Consortium in Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku 615-8510 Kyoto Japan
- Kyoto University Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Nishikyo-ku 615-8510 Kyoto Japan
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19
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Nagaki A, Jiang Y, Yamashita H, Takabayashi N, Takahashi Y, Yoshida JI. Monolithiation of 5,5′‐Dibromo‐2,2′‐bithiophene Using Flow Microreactors: Mechanistic Implications and Synthetic Applications. Chem Eng Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201900057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aiichiro Nagaki
- Kyoto University Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Nishikyo-ku 615-8510 Kyoto Japan
| | - Yiyuan Jiang
- Kyoto University Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Nishikyo-ku 615-8510 Kyoto Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamashita
- Kyoto University Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Nishikyo-ku 615-8510 Kyoto Japan
| | - Naoshi Takabayashi
- Kyoto University Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Nishikyo-ku 615-8510 Kyoto Japan
| | - Yusuke Takahashi
- Kyoto University Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Nishikyo-ku 615-8510 Kyoto Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Yoshida
- National Institute of Technology Suzuka College Shiroko-cho 510-0294 Suzuka, Mie Japan
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20
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Anionic Polymerization Using Flow Microreactors. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 24:molecules24081532. [PMID: 31003462 PMCID: PMC6514773 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Flow microreactors are expected to make a revolutionary change in chemical synthesis involving various fields of polymer synthesis. In fact, extensive flow microreactor studies have opened up new possibilities in polymer chemistry including cationic polymerization, anionic polymerization, radical polymerization, coordination polymerization, polycondensation and ring-opening polymerization. This review provides an overview of flow microreactors in anionic polymerization and their various applications.
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21
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Nagaki A, Sasatsuki K, Ishiuchi S, Miuchi N, Takumi M, Yoshida JI. Synthesis of Functionalized Ketones from Acid Chlorides and Organolithiums by Extremely Fast Micromixing. Chemistry 2019; 25:4946-4950. [PMID: 30775815 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of ketones containing various functional groups from acid chlorides bearing electrophilic functional groups and functionalized organolithiums was achieved using a flow microreactor system. Extremely fast mixing is important for high chemoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiichiro Nagaki
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kengo Sasatsuki
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ishiuchi
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Miuchi
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takumi
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Yoshida
- National Institute of Technology, Suzuka College, Emeritus Professor, Kyoto University, Shiroko-cho, Suzuka, Mie, 510-0294, Japan
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22
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Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling Using Monolithic Pd Reactors and Scaling-Up by Series Connection of the Reactors. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9030300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The space integration of the lithiation of aryl halides, the borylation of aryllithiums, and Suzuki–Miyaura coupling using a Pd catalyst supported by a polymer monolith flow reactor without using an intentionally added base was achieved. To scale up the process, a series connection of the monolith Pd reactor was examined. To suppress the increase in the pressure drop caused by the series connection, a monolith reactor having larger pore sizes was developed by varying the temperature of the monolith preparation. The monolithic Pd reactor having larger pore sizes enabled Suzuki–Miyaura coupling at a higher flow rate because of a lower pressure drop and, therefore, an increase in productivity. The present study indicates that series connection of the reactors with a higher flow rate serves as a good method for increasing the productivity without decreasing the yields.
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23
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Nagaki A, Yamashita H, Hirose K, Tsuchihashi Y, Yoshida JI. Alkyllithium Compounds Bearing Electrophilic Functional Groups: A Flash Chemistry Approach. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:4027-4030. [PMID: 30690827 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201814088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Flash chemistry based on flow microreactor systems allowed alkyllithiums bearing electrophilic functional groups to be successfully generated and used for subsequent reactions. The series of reactions with high reactivity was achieved by extremely accurate control over residence time in a controlled and selective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiichiro Nagaki
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamashita
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Hirose
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yuta Tsuchihashi
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Yoshida
- National Institute of Technology, Suzuka College, Shiroko-cho, Suzuka, Mie, 510-0294, Japan
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24
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Bogdan AR, Dombrowski AW. Emerging Trends in Flow Chemistry and Applications to the Pharmaceutical Industry. J Med Chem 2019; 62:6422-6468. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Bogdan
- Discovery Chemistry and Technology, AbbVie, Inc. 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Amanda W. Dombrowski
- Discovery Chemistry and Technology, AbbVie, Inc. 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
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25
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Nagaki A, Yamashita H, Hirose K, Tsuchihashi Y, Yoshida J. Alkyllithium Compounds Bearing Electrophilic Functional Groups: A Flash Chemistry Approach. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201814088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aiichiro Nagaki
- Department of Synthetic and Biological ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamashita
- Department of Synthetic and Biological ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Hirose
- Department of Synthetic and Biological ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Yuta Tsuchihashi
- Department of Synthetic and Biological ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Jun‐ichi Yoshida
- National Institute of TechnologySuzuka College Shiroko-cho, Suzuka Mie 510-0294 Japan
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26
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Experimental Studies of Ethyl Acetate Saponification Using Different Reactor Systems: The Effect of Volume Flow Rate on Reactor Performance and Pressure Drop. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9030532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Microreactors intensify chemical processes due to improved flow regimes, mass and heat transfer. In the present study, the effect of the volume flow rate on reactor performance in different reactors (the T-shaped reactor, the interdigital microreactor and the chicane microreactor) was investigated. For this purpose, the saponification reaction in these reactor systems was considered. Experimental results were verified using the obtained kinetic model. The reactor system with a T-shaped reactor shows good performance only at high flow rates, while the experimental setups with the interdigital and the chicane microreactors yield good performance throughout the whole range of volume flow rates. However, microreactors exhibit a higher pressure drop, indicating higher mechanical flow energy consumption than seen using a T-shaped reactor.
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27
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Endo Y, Furusawa M, Shimazaki T, Takahashi Y, Nakahara Y, Nagaki A. Molecular Weight Distribution of Polymers Produced by Anionic Polymerization Enables Mixability Evaluation. Org Process Res Dev 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Endo
- Micro Chemical Production Study Consortium in Kyoto University, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Isolation And Purification Group, Process Development Section, Process Development Labs, Research Institute For Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan
| | - Mai Furusawa
- Micro Chemical Production Study Consortium in Kyoto University, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Oppama Research Laboratory, Toho Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., 5-2931, Urago-cho, Yokosuka-shi, Kanagawa 237-0062, Japan
| | - Toshiya Shimazaki
- Micro Chemical Production Study Consortium in Kyoto University, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Tacmina Co., 2-2-14 Awajimachi, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-0047, Japan
| | - Yusuke Takahashi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yuichi Nakahara
- Micro Chemical Production Study Consortium in Kyoto University, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- New Frontiers Research Group, Frontier Research Labs., Institute For Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan
| | - Aiichiro Nagaki
- Micro Chemical Production Study Consortium in Kyoto University, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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28
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Laudadio G, de Smet W, Struik L, Cao Y, Noël T. Design and application of a modular and scalable electrochemical flow microreactor. J Flow Chem 2018; 8:157-165. [PMID: 30931153 PMCID: PMC6404740 DOI: 10.1007/s41981-018-0024-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemistry constitutes a mild, green and versatile activation method of organic molecules. Despite these innate advantages, its widespread use in organic chemistry has been hampered due to technical limitations, such as mass and heat transfer limitations which restraints the scalability of electrochemical methods. Herein, we describe an undivided-cell electrochemical flow reactor with a flexible reactor volume. This enables its use in two different modes, which are highly relevant for flow chemistry applications, including a serial (volume ranging from 88 μL/channel up to 704 μL) or a parallel mode (numbering-up). The electrochemical flow reactor was subsequently assessed in two synthetic transformations, which confirms its versatility and scale-up potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Laudadio
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry & Synthetic Methodology, Eindhoven University of Technology, De Rondom 70 (Helix, STO 1.37), 5612 AP Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter de Smet
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry & Synthetic Methodology, Eindhoven University of Technology, De Rondom 70 (Helix, STO 1.37), 5612 AP Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa Struik
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry & Synthetic Methodology, Eindhoven University of Technology, De Rondom 70 (Helix, STO 1.37), 5612 AP Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Yiran Cao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry & Synthetic Methodology, Eindhoven University of Technology, De Rondom 70 (Helix, STO 1.37), 5612 AP Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Timothy Noël
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry & Synthetic Methodology, Eindhoven University of Technology, De Rondom 70 (Helix, STO 1.37), 5612 AP Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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29
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Usutani H, Cork DG. Effective Utilization of Flow Chemistry: Use of Unstable Intermediates, Inhibition of Side Reactions, and Scale-Up for Boronic Acid Synthesis. Org Process Res Dev 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hirotsugu Usutani
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Process Chemistry, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., Juso-honmachi 2-17-85, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532-8686, Japan
- Kyoto University Original Co., Ltd., Kyoto University, Yoshida-Hommachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - David G. Cork
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Process Chemistry, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., Juso-honmachi 2-17-85, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532-8686, Japan
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30
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Szloszár A, Mándity IM, Fülöp F. Sustainable synthesis of N-methylated peptides in a continuous-flow fixed bed reactor. J Flow Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s41981-018-0002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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31
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Nagaki A, Yamashita H, Takahashi Y, Ishiuchi S, Imai K, Yoshida JI. Selective Mono Addition of Aryllithiums to Dialdehydes by Micromixing. CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.170899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aiichiro Nagaki
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamashita
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yusuke Takahashi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ishiuchi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Keita Imai
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Yoshida
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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32
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Kim H, Yin Z, Sakurai H, Yoshida JI. Sequential double C–H functionalization of 2,5-norbornadiene in flow. REACT CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8re00131f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
An integrated one-flow synthesis of 2-bromo-2,5-norbornadienes bearing a functional group at the 3-position was achieved in 3 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heejin Kim
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Zuoyufan Yin
- Division of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka University
- Osaka 565-0871
- Japan
| | - Hidehiro Sakurai
- Division of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka University
- Osaka 565-0871
- Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Yoshida
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
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33
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Flow Chemistry as a Drug Discovery Tool: A Medicinal Chemistry Perspective. TOPICS IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/7081_2018_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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34
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Ichinari D, Nagaki A, Yoshida JI. Generation of hazardous methyl azide and its application to synthesis of a key-intermediate of picarbutrazox, a new potent pesticide in flow. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:6224-6228. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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35
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Szloszár A, Fülöp F, Mándity IM. Accelerated Synthesis of Protected Peptides in a Continuous-Flow Fixed-Bed Reactor. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201701489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aliz Szloszár
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Eötvös u. 6 H-6720 Szeged Hungary
| | - Ferenc Fülöp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Eötvös u. 6 H-6720 Szeged Hungary
- Stereochemistry Research Group; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Eötvös u. 6 H-6720 Szeged Hungary
| | - István M. Mándity
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Eötvös u. 6 H-6720 Szeged Hungary
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36
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Liguori F, Barbaro P, Said B, Galarneau A, Santo VD, Passaglia E, Feis A. Unconventional Pd@Sulfonated Silica Monoliths Catalysts for Selective Partial Hydrogenation Reactions under Continuous Flow. ChemCatChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201700381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Liguori
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organo Metallici; Via Madonna del Piano 10 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze Italy
| | - Pierluigi Barbaro
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organo Metallici; Via Madonna del Piano 10 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze Italy
| | - Bilel Said
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, UMR 5253 CNRS; Université de Montpellier-ENSCM, ENSCM; 8 rue de l'Ecole Normale 34296 Montpellier Cedex 05 France
| | - Anne Galarneau
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, UMR 5253 CNRS; Université de Montpellier-ENSCM, ENSCM; 8 rue de l'Ecole Normale 34296 Montpellier Cedex 05 France
| | - Vladimiro Dal Santo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari; Via Golgi 19 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Elisa Passaglia
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organo Metallici; Via Moruzzi 1 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Alessandro Feis
- Department of Chemistry; University of Florence; Via della Lastruccia 3-13 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze Italy
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37
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Zeibi Shirejini S, Mohammadi A. Halogen–Lithium Exchange Reaction Using an Integrated Glass Microfluidic Device: An Optimized Synthetic Approach. Org Process Res Dev 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.6b00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aliasghar Mohammadi
- Department of Chemical and
Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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38
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Akwi FM, Watts P. Study on the Scale-Up of Phase-Transfer-Catalyzed Azo Coupling Reactions in Flow Reactors. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-017-1990-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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39
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Vasudevan A, Bogdan A, Koolman H, Wang Y, Djuric S. Enabling Chemistry Technologies and Parallel Synthesis—Accelerators of Drug Discovery Programmes. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2017; 56:1-35. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmch.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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40
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Jadhav AS, Anand RV. 1,6-Conjugate addition of zinc alkyls to para-quinone methides in a continuous-flow microreactor. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:56-60. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob02277d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
An efficient protocol has been developed for the 1,6-conjugate addition of zinc alkyls to p-quinone methides under continuous-flow using a microreactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijeet S. Jadhav
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali
- Manauli (PO)
- India
| | - Ramasamy Vijaya Anand
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali
- Manauli (PO)
- India
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41
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Guo S, Dai Z, Hua J, Yang Z, Fang Z, Guo K. Microfluidic synthesis of α-ketoesters via oxidative coupling of acetophenones with alcohols under metal-free conditions. REACT CHEM ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7re00107j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and novel method for the synthesis of α-ketoesters has been developed via oxidative coupling of acetophenones with alcohols under TBHP/I2/DBU conditions in a microfluidic chip reactor, which has a wide substrate scope, uses a lower dosage of iodine and affords higher product yields in only a few seconds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Guo
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Zhongxue Dai
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Jiawei Hua
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Zhao Yang
- College of Engineering
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Zheng Fang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Kai Guo
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
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42
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Nagaki A, Ishiuchi S, Imai K, Sasatsuki K, Nakahara Y, Yoshida JI. Micromixing enables chemoselective reactions of difunctional electrophiles with functional aryllithiums. REACT CHEM ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7re00142h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Generation of highly unstable functional aryllithiums followed by chemoselective reactions with difunctional electrophiles were successfully achieved using flow microreactor systems equipped with micromixers to give highly functionalized compounds without protecting functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiichiro Nagaki
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Satoshi Ishiuchi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Keita Imai
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Kengo Sasatsuki
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Yuichi Nakahara
- Process Engineering Group
- Fundamental Technology Labs. Institute of Innovation
- Ajinomoto Co., Inc
- Kawasaki-ku
- Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Yoshida
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
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43
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The continuous-flow synthesis of carbazate hydrazones using a simplified computer-vision controlled liquid–liquid extraction system. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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44
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Baramov T, Loos P, Hassfeld J, Alex H, Beller M, Stemmler T, Meier G, Gottfried M, Roggan S. Encapsulated Cobalt Oxide on Carbon Nanotube Support as Catalyst for Selective Continuous Hydrogenation of the Showcase Substrate 1-Iodo-4-nitrobenzene. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201600461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Todor Baramov
- Bayer Pharma AG; Friedrich-Ebert-Str. 217-333 42117 Wuppertal Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT); Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Patrick Loos
- Bayer Pharma AG; Friedrich-Ebert-Str. 217-333 42117 Wuppertal Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT); Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
- Mercachem B.V.; Kerkenbos 1013 6546 BB Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Jorma Hassfeld
- Bayer Pharma AG; Friedrich-Ebert-Str. 217-333 42117 Wuppertal Germany
| | - Hannes Alex
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT); Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Matthias Beller
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT); Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Tobias Stemmler
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT); Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Gregor Meier
- CAT Catalytic Center; RWTH Aachen University; Worringerweg 2 52074 Aachen Germany
- Oxea GmbH; Global Technology; Otto-Roelen-Str. 3 46147 Oberhausen Germany
| | | | - Stefan Roggan
- Bayer AG; Engineering & Technology (E&T); 51368 Leverkusen Germany
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Tani Y, Takumi M, Moronaga S, Nagaki A, Yoshida JI. Flash cationic polymerization followed by bis-end-functionalization. A new approach to linear-dendritic hybrid polymers. Eur Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Nagaki A, Nakahara Y, Furusawa M, Sawaki T, Yamamoto T, Toukairin H, Tadokoro S, Shimazaki T, Ito T, Otake M, Arai H, Toda N, Ohtsuka K, Takahashi Y, Moriwaki Y, Tsuchihashi Y, Hirose K, Yoshida JI. Feasibility Study on Continuous Flow Controlled/Living Anionic Polymerization Processes. Org Process Res Dev 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.6b00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aiichiro Nagaki
- Department
of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of
Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Micro
Chemical Production Study Consortium in Kyoto University, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yuichi Nakahara
- Micro
Chemical Production Study Consortium in Kyoto University, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Process Engineering
Group, Fundamental Technology Laboratories, Institute
of Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan
| | - Mai Furusawa
- Micro
Chemical Production Study Consortium in Kyoto University, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Oppama
Research Laboratory, Toho Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., 5-2931, Urago-cho, Yokosuka-shi, Kanagawa 237-0062, Japan
| | - Tomoya Sawaki
- Micro
Chemical Production Study Consortium in Kyoto University, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Iwata
Factory, Takasago International Corporation, Ebitsuka, Iwata City, Shizuoka 438-0812, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yamamoto
- Micro
Chemical Production Study Consortium in Kyoto University, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Iwata
Factory, Takasago International Corporation, Ebitsuka, Iwata City, Shizuoka 438-0812, Japan
| | - Hideaki Toukairin
- Micro
Chemical Production Study Consortium in Kyoto University, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Iwata
Factory, Takasago International Corporation, Ebitsuka, Iwata City, Shizuoka 438-0812, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Tadokoro
- Micro
Chemical Production Study Consortium in Kyoto University, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Chemical
Research Laboratory, Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd., 2-10-1, Tsuboi-nishi, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8507, Japan
| | - Toshiya Shimazaki
- Micro
Chemical Production Study Consortium in Kyoto University, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Tacmina Co. 2-2-14 Awajimachi, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-0047, Japan
| | - Toshihide Ito
- Micro
Chemical Production Study Consortium in Kyoto University, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Tacmina Co. 2-2-14 Awajimachi, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-0047, Japan
| | - Masakazu Otake
- Micro
Chemical Production Study Consortium in Kyoto University, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Tacmina Co. 2-2-14 Awajimachi, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-0047, Japan
| | - Hidenori Arai
- Micro
Chemical Production Study Consortium in Kyoto University, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Tacmina Co. 2-2-14 Awajimachi, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-0047, Japan
| | - Naoya Toda
- Micro
Chemical Production Study Consortium in Kyoto University, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Tacmina Co. 2-2-14 Awajimachi, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-0047, Japan
| | - Keita Ohtsuka
- Micro
Chemical Production Study Consortium in Kyoto University, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Sankoh Seiki Kougyou Co., Ltd., 2-7-2, Keihinjima, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-0003, Japan
| | - Yusuke Takahashi
- Department
of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of
Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yuya Moriwaki
- Department
of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of
Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yuta Tsuchihashi
- Department
of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of
Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Hirose
- Department
of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of
Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Yoshida
- Department
of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of
Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Micro
Chemical Production Study Consortium in Kyoto University, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase-catalyzed synthesis of natural flavor esters in a continuous flow microreactor. 3 Biotech 2016; 6:24. [PMID: 28330099 PMCID: PMC4711288 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-015-0355-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymatic catalysis is considered to be among the most environmental friendly processes for the synthesis of fine chemicals. In this study, lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus (Lecitase Ultra™) was used to catalyze the synthesis of flavor esters, i.e., methyl butanoate and methyl benzoate by esterification of the acids with methanol in a microfluidic system. Maximum reaction rates of 195 and 115 mM min−1 corresponding to catalytic efficiencies (kcat/KM) of 0.30 and 0.24 min−1 mM−1 as well as yield conversion of 54 and 41 % were observed in methyl butanoate and methyl benzoate synthesis, respectively. Catalytic turnover (kcat) was higher for methyl butanoate synthesis. Rate of synthesis and yield decreased with increasing flow rates. For both esters, increase in microfluidic flow rate resulted in increased advective transport over molecular diffusion and reaction rate, thus lower conversion. In microfluidic synthesis using T. lanuginosus lipase, the following reaction conditions were 40 °C, flow rate 0.1 mL min−1, and 123 U g−1 enzyme loading found to be the optimum operating limits. The work demonstrated the application of enzyme(s) in a microreactor system for the synthesis of industrially important esters.
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Bogdan AR, Charaschanya M, Dombrowski AW, Wang Y, Djuric SW. High-Temperature Boc Deprotection in Flow and Its Application in Multistep Reaction Sequences. Org Lett 2016; 18:1732-5. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Bogdan
- Discovery Chemistry
and Technologies, AbbVie, Inc., 1 North
Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Manwika Charaschanya
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Amanda W. Dombrowski
- Discovery Chemistry
and Technologies, AbbVie, Inc., 1 North
Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Ying Wang
- Discovery Chemistry
and Technologies, AbbVie, Inc., 1 North
Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Stevan W. Djuric
- Discovery Chemistry
and Technologies, AbbVie, Inc., 1 North
Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
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50
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Mándity IM, Ötvös SB, Szőlősi G, Fülöp F. Harnessing the Versatility of Continuous-Flow Processes: Selective and Efficient Reactions. CHEM REC 2016; 16:1018-33. [PMID: 26997251 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201500286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
There is a great need for effective transformations and a broad range of novel chemical entities. Continuous-flow (CF) approaches are of considerable current interest: highly efficient and selective reactions can be performed in CF reactors. The reaction setup of CF reactors offers a wide variety of possible points where versatility can be introduced. This article presents a number of selective and highly efficient gas-liquid-solid and liquid-solid reactions involving a range of reagents and immobilized catalysts. Enantioselective transformations through catalytic hydrogenation and organocatalytic reactions are included, and isotopically labelled compounds and pharmaceutically relevant 1,2,3-triazoles are synthesized in CF reactors. Importantly, the catalyst bed can be changed to a solid-phase peptide synthesis resin, with which peptide synthesis can be performed with the utilization of only 1.5 equivalents of the amino acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- István M Mándity
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry University of Szeged, H-6720, Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Hungary
| | - Sándor B Ötvös
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry University of Szeged, H-6720, Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Stereochemistry Research Group Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6720, Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Hungary
| | - György Szőlősi
- MTA-SZTE Stereochemistry Research Group Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6720, Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Fülöp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry University of Szeged, H-6720, Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Stereochemistry Research Group Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6720, Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Hungary
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