1
|
Herboth R, Lyubartsev AP. Exploring Carbamazepine Polymorph Crystal Growth in Water by Enhanced Sampling Simulations. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:36718-36731. [PMID: 39220538 PMCID: PMC11360048 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c05458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
In this work, the polymorphism of the active pharmaceutical ingredient carbamazepine (CBZ) was investigated by using molecular dynamics simulations with an enhanced sampling scheme. A single molecule of CBZ attaching to flat surfaces of different polymorphs was used as a model for secondary nucleation in water. A novel approach was developed to compute the free energy profile characterizing the adsorption of molecules with orientation aligned with the crystal structure of the surface. The distribution of states that showed alignment was used to rescale the adsorption free energy to include only the contribution that is consistent with crystal growth. The resulting free energy surfaces showed favorable thermodynamics for the most stable form, Form III and the second most stable form, Form I. The primary crystallization product, a dihydrate, was found to be less favorable, implying a nonclassical crystallization pathway. We suggest that a major contribution determining the energetics is the hydrophobicity of the surface. This thermodynamic ranking provides valuable information about the molecular pathways of polymorph growth and will further contribute to the understanding of the crystallization process of CBZ, which is imperative since polymorph formation can alter the physical properties of a drug significantly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radost Herboth
- Department of Materials and
Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander P. Lyubartsev
- Department of Materials and
Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu B, Li C, Chen Z, Ou X, Li S, Li A, Chen P, Lu M. Molecular insights into the formation of drug-polymer inclusion complex. Int J Pharm 2024; 652:123761. [PMID: 38184024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Drug-polymer inclusion complex (IC) has been viewed as a novel solid form of drugs for property modification. Nonetheless, our understanding of the formation mechanism remains limited. This work aims to provide insight into the molecular processes governing the structural construction of carbamazepine (CBZ) and griseofulvin (GSF) channel-type ICs in the presence of guest polymers. Leveraging microdroplet melt crystallization, we successfully unveiled the single-crystal structures of these ICs, enabling structural analysis, density functional theory calculations, and molecular dynamics simulations. The results collectively elucidate the disparity between CBZ and GSF channels in terms of their autonomy in the absence of guest polymers. CBZ molecules can spontaneously assemble into stable channel structures independently, capitalizing on their unique mortise-tenon architecture and robust π…π interactions. Conversely, GSF channels lack sufficient support from weak Cl…O and C-H…π intermolecular interactions and necessitate the insertion of guest molecules to stabilize their structures. We further calculated the eleven structurally determined drug-polymer ICs and found that their channel sizes consistently fall within a narrow range of 3.81-5.18 Å although they adopt diverse approaches to construct channel structures. We anticipate that these findings will inspire continued exploration of this novel solid form, facilitating theoretical predictions and practical applications in pharmaceutical development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Changrui Li
- Guangzhou Zhixin High School, 152 Zhixin South Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ziqiao Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiao Ou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shuting Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ao Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Pin Chen
- National Supercomputer Center in Guangzhou, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Ming Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Polyzois H, Guo R, Srirambhatla VK, Warzecha M, Prasad E, Turner A, Halbert GW, Keating P, Price SL, Florence AJ. Crystal Structure and Twisted Aggregates of Oxcarbazepine Form III. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2022; 22:4146-4156. [PMID: 35915669 PMCID: PMC9337787 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.2c00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polymorphism and crystal habit play vital roles in dictating the properties of crystalline materials. Here, the structure and properties of oxcarbazepine (OXCBZ) form III are reported along with the occurrence of twisted crystalline aggregates of this metastable polymorph. OXCBZ III can be produced by crystallization from the vapor phase and by recrystallization from solution. The crystallization process used to obtain OXCBZ III is found to affect the pitch, with the most prominent effect observed from the sublimation-grown OXCBZ III material where the pitch increases as the length of aggregates increases. Sublimation-grown OXCBZ III follows an unconventional mechanism of formation with condensed droplet formation and coalescence preceding nucleation and growth of aggregates. A crystal structure determination of OXCBZ III from powder X-ray diffraction methods, assisted by crystal structure prediction (CSP), reveals that OXCBZ III, similar to carbamazepine form II, contains void channels in its structure with the channels, aligned along the c crystallographic axis, oriented parallel to the twist axis of the aggregates. The likely role of structural misalignment at the lattice or nanoscale is explored by considering the role of molecular and closely related structural impurities informed by crystal structure prediction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hector Polyzois
- EPSRC
Future CMAC Research Hub, University of
Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K.
- Strathclyde
Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, U.K.
- National
Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, U.K.
| | - Rui Guo
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K.
| | - Vijay K. Srirambhatla
- EPSRC
Future CMAC Research Hub, University of
Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K.
- Strathclyde
Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, U.K.
| | - Monika Warzecha
- EPSRC
Future CMAC Research Hub, University of
Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K.
- Strathclyde
Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, U.K.
| | - Elke Prasad
- EPSRC
Future CMAC Research Hub, University of
Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K.
- Strathclyde
Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, U.K.
| | - Alice Turner
- EPSRC
Future CMAC Research Hub, University of
Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K.
- Strathclyde
Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, U.K.
| | - Gavin W. Halbert
- EPSRC
Future CMAC Research Hub, University of
Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K.
- Strathclyde
Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, U.K.
| | - Patricia Keating
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.
| | - Sarah L. Price
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K.
| | - Alastair J. Florence
- EPSRC
Future CMAC Research Hub, University of
Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K.
- Strathclyde
Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Capellades G, Bonsu JO, Myerson AS. Impurity incorporation in solution crystallization: diagnosis, prevention, and control. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01721g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This work highlights recent advances in the diagnosis, prevention, and control of impurity incorporation during solution crystallization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Capellades
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Henry M. Rowan College of Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, USA
| | - Jacob O. Bonsu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Henry M. Rowan College of Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, USA
| | - Allan S. Myerson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Broadhurst ET, Xu H, Parsons S, Nudelman F. Revealing the early stages of carbamazepine crystallization by cryoTEM and 3D electron diffraction. IUCRJ 2021; 8:860-866. [PMID: 34804540 PMCID: PMC8562671 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252521010101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved carbamazepine crystallization from wet ethanol has been monitored using a combination of cryoTEM and 3D electron diffraction. Carbamazepine is shown to crystallize exclusively as a dihydrate after 180 s. When the timescale was reduced to 30 s, three further polymorphs could be identified. At 20 s, the development of early stage carbamazepine dihydrate was observed through phase separation. This work reveals two possible crystallization pathways present in this active pharmaceutical ingredient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward T. Broadhurst
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, The University of Edinburgh, King’s Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Hongyi Xu
- Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Simon Parsons
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, The University of Edinburgh, King’s Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Fabio Nudelman
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, The University of Edinburgh, King’s Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Arhangelskis M, Bučar DK, Bordignon S, Chierotti MR, Stratford SA, Voinovich D, Jones W, Hasa D. Mechanochemical reactivity inhibited, prohibited and reversed by liquid additives: examples from crystal-form screens. Chem Sci 2021; 12:3264-3269. [PMID: 34164095 PMCID: PMC8179350 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05071g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate that liquid additives can exert inhibitive or prohibitive effects on the mechanochemical formation of multi-component molecular crystals, and report that certain additives unexpectedly prompt the dismantling of such solids into physical mixtures of their constituents. Computational methods were employed in an attempt to identify possible reasons for these previously unrecognised effects of liquid additives on mechanochemical transformations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mihails Arhangelskis
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw 1 Pasteura Street Warsaw 02-093 Poland
| | - Dejan-Krešimir Bučar
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Simone Bordignon
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Centre, University of Turin Via Giuria 7 Torino 10125 Italy
| | - Michele R Chierotti
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Centre, University of Turin Via Giuria 7 Torino 10125 Italy
| | - Samuel A Stratford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Dario Voinovich
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste Piazzale Europa 1 34127 Trieste Italy
| | - William Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Dritan Hasa
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste Piazzale Europa 1 34127 Trieste Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Sublimation is an effective and ‘green’ method to prepare and identify new polymorphs, cocrystals, ionic cocrystals and molecular salts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick McArdle
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Andrea Erxleben
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), Limerick, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen L, Huang Y. The guest polymer effect on the dissolution of drug–polymer crystalline inclusion complexes. RSC Adv 2021; 11:13091-13096. [PMID: 35423840 PMCID: PMC8697331 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01926k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A drug–polymer crystalline inclusion complex (IC) is a novel solid form of drug, in which drug molecules form parallel channels, and linear polymer chains reside in these channels. In this study, we used carbamazepine (CBZ) as a model drug, and directly studied the effect of different types of guest polymers on the dissolution properties of drug–polymer ICs. We successfully prepared ICs formed from CBZ with hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and hydrophobic poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), respectively, and confirmed that these two drug–polymer ICs both had the same channel-type crystal structure as CBZ form II. During the dissolution test, CBZ–PEG IC showed a faster dissolution rate compared to CBZ form II under both sink and non-sink conditions. CBZ–PCL IC was confirmed to be more stable in aqueous medium, as the guest polymer PCL delayed its transformation to less-soluble crystals during dissolution. Guest polymers have significant influence on the dissolution of drug–polymer inclusion complex crystals.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Yanbin Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Urwin S, Levilain G, Marziano I, Merritt JM, Houson I, Ter Horst JH. A Structured Approach To Cope with Impurities during Industrial Crystallization Development. Org Process Res Dev 2020; 24:1443-1456. [PMID: 32905065 PMCID: PMC7461122 DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The perfect separation with optimal productivity, yield, and purity is very difficult to achieve. Despite its high selectivity, in crystallization unwanted impurities routinely contaminate a crystallization product. Awareness of the mechanism by which the impurity incorporates is key to understanding how to achieve crystals of higher purity. Here, we present a general workflow which can rapidly identify the mechanism of impurity incorporation responsible for poor impurity rejection during a crystallization. A series of four general experiments using standard laboratory instrumentation is required for successful discrimination between incorporation mechanisms. The workflow is demonstrated using four examples of active pharmaceutical ingredients contaminated with structurally related organic impurities. Application of this workflow allows a targeted problem-solving approach to the management of impurities during industrial crystallization development, while also decreasing resources expended on process development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie
J. Urwin
- EPSRC
Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Continuous Manufacturing and
Crystallisation, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1RD, U.K.
| | | | - Ivan Marziano
- Pfizer
Worldwide Research and Development, Sandwich, CT13 9NJ, U.K.
| | - Jeremy M. Merritt
- Eli
Lilly and Company, Small Molecule
Design and Development, Lilly Technology Center North, Indianapolis, Indiana 46221, United States
| | - Ian Houson
- EPSRC
Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Continuous Manufacturing and
Crystallisation, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1RD, U.K.
| | - Joop H. Ter Horst
- EPSRC
Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Continuous Manufacturing and
Crystallisation, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1RD, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Long B, Ryan KM, Padrela L. Investigating Process Variables and Additive Selection To Optimize Polymorphic Control of Carbamazepine in a CO 2 Antisolvent Crystallization Process. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.9b00545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barry Long
- SSPC Research Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Kevin M. Ryan
- SSPC Research Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Luis Padrela
- SSPC Research Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Guerra RB, Huamaní LSC, Tenorio JC, Guimarães WM, Bonacin JA, Barboza Formiga AL. Analysis of solvent-accessible voids and proton-coupled electron transfer of 2,6-bis(1H-imidazol-2-yl)pyridine and its hydrochloride. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2019; 75:1359-1371. [PMID: 31589152 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229619011951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structures of the solid form of solvated 2,6-bis(1H-imidazol-2-yl)pyridine (H2dimpy) trihydrate, C11H9N5·3H2O·[+solvent], I, and its hydrate hydrochloride salt 2-[6-(1H-imidazol-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride trihydrate, C11H10N5+·Cl-·3H2O, II, are reported and analysed in detail, along with potentiometric and spectrophotometric titrations for evaluation of the acid-base equilibria and proton-coupled electron-transfer reactions. Compound I crystallizes in the high-symmetry trigonal space group P3221 with an atypical formation of solvent-accessible voids, as a consequence of the 32 screw axis in the crystallographic c-axis direction, which are probably occupied by uncharacterized disordered solvent molecules. Additionally, the trihydrated chloride salt crystallizes in the conventional monoclinic space group P21/c without the formation of solvent-accessible voids. The acid-base equilibria of H2dimpy were studied by potentiometric and spectrophotometric titrations, and the results suggest the formation of H3dimpy+ (pKa1 = 5.40) and H4dimpy2+ (pKa2 = 3.98), with the electrochemical behaviour of these species showing two consecutive irreversible proton-coupled electron-transfer reactions. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations corroborate the interpretation of the experimental results and support the assignment of the electrochemical behaviour.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renan B Guerra
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, 6154, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Luis S C Huamaní
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, 6154, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Juan C Tenorio
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, 6154, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Willian M Guimarães
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, 6154, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Juliano A Bonacin
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, 6154, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Barboza Formiga
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, 6154, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhong Z, Yang X, Wang BH, Yao YF, Guo B, Yu L, Huang Y, Xu J. Solvent-polymer guest exchange in a carbamazepine inclusion complex: structure, kinetics and implication for guest selection. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ce01766b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Solvent–polymer guest exchange in a carbamazepine inclusion complex in a stirred solution was studied and a mechanism was proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE)
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Xiaotong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE)
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Bi-Heng Wang
- Physics Department and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance
- School of Physics and Materials Science
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- China
| | - Ye-Feng Yao
- Physics Department and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance
- School of Physics and Materials Science
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- China
| | - Baohua Guo
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE)
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Lian Yu
- School of Pharmacy and Department of Chemistry
- University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Madison
- USA
| | - Yanbin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE)
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Jun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE)
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Darmali C, Mansouri S, Yazdanpanah N, Woo MW. Mechanisms and Control of Impurities in Continuous Crystallization: A Review. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b04560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Darmali
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Shahnaz Mansouri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Nima Yazdanpanah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Meng W. Woo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
The discovery and investigation of a crystalline solid solution of an active pharmaceutical ingredient. Int J Pharm 2017; 532:166-176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.08.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
15
|
Schrode B, Bodak B, Riegler H, Zimmer A, Christian P, Werzer O. Solvent Vapor Annealing of Amorphous Carbamazepine Films for Fast Polymorph Screening and Dissolution Alteration. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:5582-5590. [PMID: 28983522 PMCID: PMC5623942 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Solubility enhancement and thus higher bioavailability are of great importance and a constant challenge in pharmaceutical research whereby polymorph screening and selection is one of the most important tasks. A very promising approach for polymorph screening is solvent vapor annealing where a sample is exposed to an atmosphere saturated with molecules of a specific chemical/solvent. In this work, amorphous carbamazepine thin films were prepared by spin coating, and the transformation into crystalline forms under exposure to solvent vapors was investigated. Employing grazing incidence X-ray diffraction, four distinct carbamazepine polymorphs, a solvate, and hydrates could be identified, while optical microscopy showed mainly spherulitic morphologies. In vitro dissolution experiments revealed different carbamazepine release from the various thin-film samples containing distinct polymorphic compositions: heat treatment of amorphous samples at 80 °C results in an immediate release; samples exposed to EtOH vapors show a drug release about 5 times slower than this immediate one; and all the others had intermediate release profiles. Noteworthy, even the sample of slowest release has a manifold faster release compared to a standard powder sample demonstrating the capabilities of thin-film preparation for faster drug release in general. Despite the small number of samples in this screening experiment, the results clearly show how solvent vapor annealing can assist in identifying potential polymorphs and allows for estimating their impact on properties like bioavailability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Schrode
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, NAWI Graz, Department of Pharmaceutical
Technology, University Graz, Universtitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute
for Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Brigitta Bodak
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, NAWI Graz, Department of Pharmaceutical
Technology, University Graz, Universtitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Hans Riegler
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, NAWI Graz, Department of Pharmaceutical
Technology, University Graz, Universtitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Zimmer
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, NAWI Graz, Department of Pharmaceutical
Technology, University Graz, Universtitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Paul Christian
- Institute
for Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Oliver Werzer
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, NAWI Graz, Department of Pharmaceutical
Technology, University Graz, Universtitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Recent progress of structural study of polymorphic pharmaceutical drugs. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 117:71-85. [PMID: 27940141 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This review considers advances in the understanding of active pharmaceutical ingredient polymorphism since around 2010 mainly from a structural view point, with a focus on twelve model drugs. New polymorphs of most of these drugs have been identified despite that the polymorphism of these old drugs has been extensively studied so far. In addition to the conventional modifications of preparative solvents, temperatures, and pressure, more strategic structure-based methods have successfully yielded new polymorphs. The development of analytical techniques, including X-ray analyses, spectroscopy, and microscopy has facilitated the identification of unknown crystal structures and also the discovery of new polymorphs. Computational simulations have played an important role in explaining and predicting the stability order of polymorphs. Furthermore, these make significant contributions to the design of new polymorphs by considering structure and energy. The new technologies and insights discussed in this review will contribute to the control of polymorphic forms, both during manufacture and in the drug formulation.
Collapse
|
17
|
Yang X, Acevedo D, Mohammad A, Pavurala N, Wu H, Brayton AL, Shaw RA, Goldman MJ, He F, Li S, Fisher RJ, O’Connor TF, Cruz CN. Risk Considerations on Developing a Continuous Crystallization System for Carbamazepine. Org Process Res Dev 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.7b00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochuan Yang
- Office of Pharmaceutical
Quality, CDER, FDA, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993-0002, United States
| | - David Acevedo
- Office of Pharmaceutical
Quality, CDER, FDA, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993-0002, United States
| | - Adil Mohammad
- Office of Pharmaceutical
Quality, CDER, FDA, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993-0002, United States
| | - Naresh Pavurala
- Office of Pharmaceutical
Quality, CDER, FDA, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993-0002, United States
| | - Huiquan Wu
- Office of Pharmaceutical
Quality, CDER, FDA, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993-0002, United States
| | - Alex L. Brayton
- Office of Pharmaceutical
Quality, CDER, FDA, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993-0002, United States
| | - Ryan A. Shaw
- Office of Pharmaceutical
Quality, CDER, FDA, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993-0002, United States
| | - Mark J. Goldman
- Office of Pharmaceutical
Quality, CDER, FDA, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993-0002, United States
| | - Fan He
- Office of Pharmaceutical
Quality, CDER, FDA, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993-0002, United States
| | - Shuaili Li
- Office of Pharmaceutical
Quality, CDER, FDA, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993-0002, United States
| | - Robert J. Fisher
- Office of Pharmaceutical
Quality, CDER, FDA, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993-0002, United States
| | - Thomas F. O’Connor
- Office of Pharmaceutical
Quality, CDER, FDA, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993-0002, United States
| | - Celia N. Cruz
- Office of Pharmaceutical
Quality, CDER, FDA, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993-0002, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pallipurath AR, Civati F, Sibik J, Crowley C, Zeitler JA, McArdle P, Erxleben A. A comprehensive spectroscopic study of the polymorphs of diflunisal and their phase transformations. Int J Pharm 2017; 528:312-321. [PMID: 28603011 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Understanding phase transitions in pharmaceutical materials is of vital importance for drug manufacturing, processing and storage. In this paper we have carried out comprehensive high-resolution spectroscopic studies on the polymorphs of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug diflunisal that has four known polymorphs, forms I-IV (FI-FIV), three of which have known crystal structures. Phase transformations during milling, heating, melt-quenching and exposure to high relative humidity were investigated using Raman and terahertz spectroscopy in combination with differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray powder diffraction. The observed phase transformations indicate the stability order FIII>FI>FII, FIV. Furthermore, crystallization experiments from the gas phase and from solution by fast evaporation of different solvents were carried out. Fast evaporation of an ethanolic solution below 70°C was identified as a reliable and convenient method to obtain the somewhat elusive FII in bulk quantities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha R Pallipurath
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 1AY, UK
| | - Francesco Civati
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Juraj Sibik
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3RA, UK
| | - Clare Crowley
- Materials and Surface Science Institute, Department of Chemical and Environmental Sciences, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - J Axel Zeitler
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3RA, UK
| | - Patrick McArdle
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Andrea Erxleben
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Evans JD, Jelfs KE, Day GM, Doonan CJ. Application of computational methods to the design and characterisation of porous molecular materials. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:3286-3301. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00084g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Composed from discrete units, porous molecular materials (PMMs) possess properties not observed for conventional, extended solids. Molecular simulations provide crucial understanding for the design and characterisation of these unique materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jack D. Evans
- Chimie ParisTech
- PSL Research University
- CNRS
- Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris
- 75005 Paris
| | - Kim E. Jelfs
- Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- South Kensington
- London
- UK
| | - Graeme M. Day
- Computational Systems Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- University of Southampton
- Highfield
- Southampton
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sovago I, Gutmann MJ, Senn HM, Thomas LH, Wilson CC, Farrugia LJ. Electron density, disorder and polymorphism: high-resolution diffraction studies of the highly polymorphic neuralgic drug carbamazepine. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B, STRUCTURAL SCIENCE, CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2016; 72:39-50. [PMID: 26830795 DOI: 10.1107/s2052520615019538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of neutron and high-resolution X-ray diffraction data on form (III) of carbamazepine at 100 K using the atoms in molecules (AIM) topological approach afforded excellent agreement between the experimental results and theoretical densities from the optimized gas-phase structure and from multipole modelling of static theoretical structure factors. The charge density analysis provides experimental confirmation of the partially localized π-bonding suggested by the conventional structural formula, but the evidence for any significant C-N π bonding is not strong. Hirshfeld atom refinement (HAR) gives H atom positional and anisotropic displacement parameters that agree very well with the neutron parameters. X-ray and neutron diffraction data on the dihydrate of carbemazepine strongly indicate a disordered orthorhombic crystal structure in the space group Cmca, rather than a monoclinic crystal structure in space group P2(1)/c. This disorder in the dihydrate structure has implications for both experimental and theoretical studies of polymorphism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Sovago
- WESTChem School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland
| | - Matthias J Gutmann
- ISIS Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, England
| | - Hans Martin Senn
- WESTChem School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland
| | - Lynne H Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, England
| | - Chick C Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, England
| | - Louis J Farrugia
- WESTChem School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Knopp MM, Löbmann K, Elder DP, Rades T, Holm R. Recent advances and potential applications of modulated differential scanning calorimetry (mDSC) in drug development. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 87:164-73. [PMID: 26721421 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is frequently the thermal analysis technique of choice within preformulation and formulation sciences because of its ability to provide detailed information about both the physical and energetic properties of a substance and/or formulation. However, conventional DSC has shortcomings with respect to weak transitions and overlapping events, which could be solved by the use of the more sophisticated modulated DSC (mDSC). mDSC has multiple potential applications within the pharmaceutical field and the present review provides an up-to-date overview of these applications. It is aimed to serve as a broad introduction to newcomers, and also as a valuable reference for those already practising in the field. Complex mDSC was introduced more than two decades ago and has been an important tool for the quantification of amorphous materials and development of freeze-dried formulations. However, as discussed in the present review, a number of other potential applications could also be relevant for the pharmaceutical scientist.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Manne Knopp
- Pharmaceutical Science and CMC Biologics, H. Lundbeck A/S, 2500, Valby, Denmark; Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Korbinian Löbmann
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David P Elder
- Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, SG12 0DP Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Rades
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - René Holm
- Pharmaceutical Science and CMC Biologics, H. Lundbeck A/S, 2500, Valby, Denmark; Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Cruz-Cabeza AJ, Reutzel-Edens SM, Bernstein J. Facts and fictions about polymorphism. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:8619-35. [PMID: 26400501 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00227c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We present new facts about polymorphism based on (i) crystallographic data from the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD, a database built over 50 years of community effort), (ii) 229 solid form screens conducted at Hoffmann-La Roche and Eli Lilly and Company over the course of 8+ and 15+ years respectively and (iii) a dataset of 446 polymorphic crystals with energies and properties computed with modern DFT-d methods. We found that molecular flexibility or size has no correlation with the ability of a compound to be polymorphic. Chiral molecules, however, were found to be less prone to polymorphism than their achiral counterparts and compounds able to hydrogen bond exhibit only a slightly higher propensity to polymorphism than those which do not. Whilst the energy difference between polymorphs is usually less than 1 kcal mol(-1), conformational polymorphs are capable of differing by larger values (up to 2.5 kcal mol(-1) in our dataset). As overall statistics, we found that one in three compounds in the CSD are polymorphic whilst at least one in two compounds from the Roche and Lilly set display polymorphism with a higher estimate of up to three in four when compounds are screened intensively. Whilst the statistics provide some guidance of expectations, each compound constitutes a new challenge and prediction and realization of targeted polymorphism still remains a holy grail of materials sciences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurora J Cruz-Cabeza
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Therapeutic Modalities, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Braun DE, Gelbrich T, Kahlenberg V, Griesser UJ. Solid state forms of 4-aminoquinaldine - From void structures with and without solvent inclusion to close packing. CrystEngComm 2015; 17:2504-2516. [PMID: 26726294 PMCID: PMC4693969 DOI: 10.1039/c5ce00118h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Polymorphs of 4-aminoquinaldine (4-AQ) have been predicted in silico and experimentally identified and characterised. The two metastable forms, AH (anhydrate) II and AH III, crystallise in the trigonal space group [Formula: see text] and are less densely packed than the thermodynamically most stable phase AH I° (P21/c ). AH II can crystallise and exist both, as a solvent inclusion compound and as an unsolvated phase. The third polymorph, AH III, is exclusively obtained by desolvation of a carbon tetrachloride solvate. Theoretical calculations correctly estimated the experimental 0K stability order, confirmed that AH II can exist without solvents, gave access to the AH III structure, and identified that there exists a subtle balance between close packing and number of hydrogen bonding interactions in the solid state of anhydrous 4-AQ. Furthermore, the prevalence of void space and solvent inclusion in [Formula: see text] structures is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doris E. Braun
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Gelbrich
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Volker Kahlenberg
- Institute of Mineralogy and Petrography, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ulrich J. Griesser
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Pinto MAL, Ambrozini B, Ferreira APG, Cavalheiro ÉTG. Thermoanalytical studies of carbamazepine: hydration/dehydration, thermal decomposition, and solid phase transitions. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502014000400023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbamazepine (CBZ), a widely used anticonvulsant drug, can crystallize and exhibits four polymorphic forms and one dihydrate. Anhydrous CBZ can spontaneously absorb water and convert to the hydrate form whose different crystallinity leads to lower biological activity. The present study was concerned to the possibility of recovering the hydrated form by heating. The thermal behavior of spontaneously hydrated carbamazepine was investigated by TG/DTG-DTA and DSC in dynamic atmospheres of air and nitrogen, which revealed that the spontaneous hydration of this pharmaceutical resulted in a Form III hydrate with 1.5 water molecules. After dehydration, this anhydrous Form III converted to Form I, which melted and decomposed in a single event, releasing isocyanic acid, as shown by evolved gas analysis using TG-FTIR. Differential scanning calorimetry analyses revealed that Form III melted and crystallized as Form I, and that subsequent cooling cycles only generated Form I by crystallization. Solid state decomposition kinetic studies showed that there was no change in the substance after the elimination of water by heating to 120 °C. Activation energies of 98 ± 2 and 93 ± 2 kJ mol-1 were found for the hydrated and dried samples, respectively, and similar profiles of activation energy as a function of conversion factor were observed for these samples.
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Organic Crystal Structure Prediction methods generate the thermodynamically plausible crystal structures of a molecule. There are often many more such structures than experimentally observed polymorphs.
Collapse
|
26
|
Liu W, Wei H, Zhao J, Black S, Sun C. Investigation into the Cooling Crystallization and Transformations of Carbamazepine Using in Situ FBRM and PVM. Org Process Res Dev 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/op400066u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenju Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Chemical Engineering
and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hongyuan Wei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Chemical Engineering
and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Junting Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Simon Black
- Pharmaceutical Development, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Chen Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Price SL. Why don't we find more polymorphs? ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B, STRUCTURAL SCIENCE, CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2013; 69:313-28. [PMID: 23873056 DOI: 10.1107/s2052519213018861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Crystal structure prediction (CSP) studies are not limited to being a search for the most thermodynamically stable crystal structure, but play a valuable role in understanding polymorphism, as shown by interdisciplinary studies where the crystal energy landscape has been explored experimentally and computationally. CSP usually produces more thermodynamically plausible crystal structures than known polymorphs. This article illustrates some reasons why: because (i) of approximations in the calculations, particularly the neglect of thermal effects (see §1.1); (ii) of the molecular rearrangement during nucleation and growth (see §1.2); (iii) the solid-state structures observed show dynamic or static disorder, stacking faults, other defects or are not crystalline and so represent more than one calculated structure (see §1.3); (iv) the structures are metastable relative to other molecular compositions (see §1.4); (v) the right crystallization experiment has not yet been performed (see §1.5) or (vi) cannot be performed (see §1.6) and the possibility (vii) that the polymorphs are not detected or structurally characterized (see §1.7). Thus, we can only aspire to a general predictive theory for polymorphism, as this appears to require a quantitative understanding of the kinetic factors involved in all possible multi-component crystallizations. For a specific molecule, analysis of the crystal energy landscape shows the potential complexity of its crystallization behaviour.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Price
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, England.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Tatini LK, Rao NS, Khan M, Peraka KS, Reddy KVSRK. Concomitant pseudopolymorphs of 10-deacetyl baccatin III. AAPS PharmSciTech 2013; 14:558-68. [PMID: 23483431 PMCID: PMC3666025 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-013-9940-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Three new solvates [mono-dimethyl sulfoxide (mono-DMSO), mono-dimethyl acetamide (mono-DMA) and mono-dimethyl formamide (mono-DMF)] of 10-Deacetyl baccatin III, were generated by slow evaporation in DMSO, DMF, and DMSO/DMA (1:1) solvent systems respectively. Two concomitant forms mono-DMSO(a new form) and di-DMSO (a known form) were obtained in the DMSO solvent system. Yet two other concomitant forms mono-DMA (a new form) and di-DMSO (a known form) were obtained in DMSO/DMA (1:1) solvent system. A fourth solvate mono-DMF (a new form) was crystallized in unimolar ratio using DMF as a solvent. These solvates were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimeter, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and spectroscopic [(13)C solid-state nuclear magnetic spectroscopy, solution (1)H NMR, and Fourier transform infrared] techniques. The interactions between host and guest molecules were elucitated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. In all the cases, guest molecules are connected to the host molecules by O-H∙∙∙O hydrogen bonds. A remarkable difference in the desolvation onset temperatures of di- and mono-DMSO solvates was observed which was also featured by a corresponding weight loss during TGA analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Kumar Tatini
- Analytical Development, Aptuit Laurus Pvt. Ltd, ICICI Knowledge Park, Turkapally, Shameerpet, Hyderabad 500078, India.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Khoo JY, Shah UV, Schaepertoens M, Williams DR, Heng JY. Process-induced phase transformation of carbamazepine dihydrate to its polymorphic anhydrates. POWDER TECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2012.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
30
|
Prohens R, Font-Bardia M, Barbas R. Water wires in the nanoporous form II of carbamazepine: a single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. CrystEngComm 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ce26787j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
31
|
Nath B, Baruah JB. Polymorphism and porosity in 4-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]-2,6-dimethylphenol. CrystEngComm 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ce40407b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
32
|
Abramov YA. Current Computational Approaches to Support Pharmaceutical Solid Form Selection. Org Process Res Dev 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/op300274s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy A. Abramov
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Cruz-Cabeza AJ, Schwalbe CH. Observed and predicted hydrogen bond motifs in crystal structures of hydantoins, dihydrouracils and uracils. NEW J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2nj21060f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
34
|
Price SL, Leslie M, Welch GWA, Habgood M, Price LS, Karamertzanis PG, Day GM. Modelling organic crystal structures using distributed multipole and polarizability-based model intermolecular potentials. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:8478-90. [PMID: 20607186 DOI: 10.1039/c004164e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Crystal structure prediction for organic molecules requires both the fast assessment of thousands to millions of crystal structures and the greatest possible accuracy in their relative energies. We describe a crystal lattice simulation program, DMACRYS, emphasizing the features that make it suitable for use in crystal structure prediction for pharmaceutical molecules using accurate anisotropic atom-atom model intermolecular potentials based on the theory of intermolecular forces. DMACRYS can optimize the lattice energy of a crystal, calculate the second derivative properties, and reduce the symmetry of the spacegroup to move away from a transition state. The calculated terahertz frequency k = 0 rigid-body lattice modes and elastic tensor can be used to estimate free energies. The program uses a distributed multipole electrostatic model (Q, t = 00,...,44s) for the electrostatic fields, and can use anisotropic atom-atom repulsion models, damped isotropic dispersion up to R(-10), as well as a range of empirically fitted isotropic exp-6 atom-atom models with different definitions of atomic types. A new feature is that an accurate model for the induction energy contribution to the lattice energy has been implemented that uses atomic anisotropic dipole polarizability models (alpha, t = (10,10)...(11c,11s)) to evaluate the changes in the molecular charge density induced by the electrostatic field within the crystal. It is demonstrated, using the four polymorphs of the pharmaceutical carbamazepine C(15)H(12)N(2)O, that whilst reproducing crystal structures is relatively easy, calculating the polymorphic energy differences to the accuracy of a few kJ mol(-1) required for applications is very demanding of assumptions made in the modelling. Thus DMACRYS enables the comparison of both known and hypothetical crystal structures as an aid to the development of pharmaceuticals and other speciality organic materials, and provides a tool to develop the modelling of the intermolecular forces involved in molecular recognition processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Price
- Department of Chemistry, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Antoniadis CD, D'Oria E, Karamertzanis PG, Tocher DA, Florence AJ, Price SL, Jones AG. A computationally inspired investigation of the solid forms of (R)-1-phenylethylammonium-(S)-2-phenylbutyrate. Chirality 2010; 22:447-55. [PMID: 19644934 DOI: 10.1002/chir.20761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Following the computation of a lattice energy landscape which predicted that there should be more stable, denser forms of (R)-1-phenylethylammonium-(S)-2-phenylbutyrate, crystallizations from a range of solvents were performed to search for other polymorphs and investigate the possibility that the known P4(1) structure could be a hydrate. Extensive crystallization experiments from a wide range of solvents gave fine needles or microcrystalline samples. A redetermination of the P4(1) structure by powder X-ray diffraction located all protons, and in conjunction with other experimental and computational evidence showed that the structure was anhydrous. Evidence for two additional forms was found as mixtures with form I. These include an orthorhombic form, possibly a Z' = 3 polymorph, and another as yet unidentified form obtained as a minor component from dichloromethane solution. However, both these forms appear to be metastable with respect to form I (P4(1)), which is therefore probably the most thermodynamically stable form that can be crystallized from solution under ambient conditions. This determination of the solid state behavior of the less readily crystallized member of the diastereomeric salt system (R)-1-phenylethylammonium-(R/S)-2-phenylbutyrate provides a challenge to the theoretical modeling to explain its ideal resolution behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Constantinos D Antoniadis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Cruz-Cabeza A, Day G, Jones W. Predicting Inclusion Behaviour and Framework Structures in Organic Crystals. Chemistry 2009; 15:13033-40. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200901703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
37
|
|
38
|
Llinàs A, Goodman JM. Polymorph control: past, present and future. Drug Discov Today 2008; 13:198-210. [PMID: 18342795 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2007.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2007] [Revised: 11/15/2007] [Accepted: 11/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Llinàs
- Pfizer Institute for Pharmaceutical Materials Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Effects of Moisture and Residual Solvent on the Phase Stability of Orthorhombic Paracetamol. Pharm Res 2008; 25:1440-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-007-9529-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2007] [Accepted: 12/11/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
40
|
Price SL. From crystal structure prediction to polymorph prediction: interpreting the crystal energy landscape. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2008; 10:1996-2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b719351c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
41
|
Florence AJ, Bedford CT, Fabbiani FPA, Shankland K, Gelbrich T, Hursthouse MB, Shankland N, Johnston A, Fernandes P. Two-dimensional similarity between forms I and II of cytenamide, a carbamazepine analogue. CrystEngComm 2008. [DOI: 10.1039/b719717a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
42
|
Liberski AR, Tizzard GJ, Diaz-Mochon JJ, Hursthouse MB, Milnes P, Bradley M. Screening for Polymorphs on Polymer Microarrays. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 10:24-7. [DOI: 10.1021/cc700107x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
43
|
Fabbiani FPA, Byrne LT, McKinnon JJ, Spackman MA. Solvent inclusion in the structural voids of form II carbamazepine: single-crystal X-ray diffraction, NMR spectroscopy and Hirshfeld surface analysis. CrystEngComm 2007. [DOI: 10.1039/b708303n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|