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Richards LC, Davey NG, Gill CG, Krogh ET. Discrimination and geo-spatial mapping of atmospheric VOC sources using full scan direct mass spectral data collected from a moving vehicle. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2020; 22:173-186. [PMID: 31808488 DOI: 10.1039/c9em00439d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds (S/VOCs) are ubiquitous in the environment, come from a wide variety of anthropogenic and biogenic sources, and are important determinants of environmental and human health due to their impacts on air quality. They can be continuously measured by direct mass spectrometry techniques without chromatographic separation by membrane introduction mass spectrometry (MIMS) and proton-transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS). We report the operation of these instruments in a moving vehicle, producing full scan mass spectral data to fingerprint ambient S/VOC mixtures with high temporal and spatial resolution. We describe two field campaigns in which chemometric techniques are applied to the full scan MIMS and PTR-ToF-MS data collected with a mobile mass spectrometry lab. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) has been successfully employed in a supervised analysis to discriminate VOC samples collected near known VOC sources including internal combustion engines, sawmill operations, composting facilities, and pulp mills. A Gaussian mixture model and a density-based spatial clustering of application with noise (DBSCAN) algorithm have been used to identify sample clusters within the full time series dataset collected and we present geospatial maps to visualize the distribution of VOC sources measured by PTR-ToF-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Richards
- Applied Environmental Research Laboratories, Chemistry Department, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada. and Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - N G Davey
- Applied Environmental Research Laboratories, Chemistry Department, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - C G Gill
- Applied Environmental Research Laboratories, Chemistry Department, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada. and Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada and Chemistry Department, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B.C., Canada and Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - E T Krogh
- Applied Environmental Research Laboratories, Chemistry Department, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada. and Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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Gehm C, Streibel T, Ehlert S, Schulz-Bull D, Zimmermann R. Development and Optimization of an External-Membrane Introduction Photoionization Mass Spectrometer for the Fast Analysis of (Polycyclic)Aromatic Compounds in Environmental and Process Waters. Anal Chem 2019; 91:15547-15554. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Gehm
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 2, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Thorsten Streibel
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 2, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Cooperation Group Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Institute of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center of Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sven Ehlert
- Photonion GmbH, Hagenower Strasse 73, 19061 Schwerin, Germany
| | - Detlef Schulz-Bull
- Leibniz-Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Seestraße 15, 18119 Rostock−Warnemünde, Germany
| | - Ralf Zimmermann
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 2, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Cooperation Group Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Institute of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center of Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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Hou K, Li F, Chen W, Chen P, Xie Y, Zhao W, Hua L, Pei K, Li H. An in-source stretched membrane inlet for on-line analysis of VOCs in water with single photon ionization TOFMS. Analyst 2013; 138:5826-31. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an00659j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Cui H, Hua L, Hou K, Wu J, Chen P, Xie Y, Wang W, Li J, Li H. Coupling of stir bar sorptive extraction with single photon ionization mass spectrometry for determination of volatile organic compounds in water. Analyst 2012; 137:513-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c1an15876g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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