1
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Liu QH, Tan Y, Cheng CF, Hu SM. Precision spectroscopy of molecular hydrogen. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:27914-27925. [PMID: 37843424 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03042c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Precision measurements on the hydrogen molecule are of fundamental importance in understanding molecular theory. Comparison of accurate experimental data and theoretical results are used to test the quantum electrodynamics theory and determine physical constants used in the calculation. We review recent advances and perspectives in the precision spectroscopy of molecular hydrogen, representing state-of-the-art molecular spectroscopy methods and cutting-edge high-precision calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Hao Liu
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Yan Tan
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Cun-Feng Cheng
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Shui-Ming Hu
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
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2
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Saly E, Ferenc D, Mátyus E. Pre-Born–Oppenheimer energies, leading-order relativistic and QED corrections for electronically excited states of molecular hydrogen. Mol Phys 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2022.2163714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Saly
- Institute of Chemistry, ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dávid Ferenc
- Institute of Chemistry, ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edit Mátyus
- Institute of Chemistry, ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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3
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Kassi S, Lauzin C, Chaillot J, Campargue A. The (2-0) R(0) and R(1) transition frequencies of HD determined to a 10 -10 relative accuracy by Doppler spectroscopy at 80 K. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:23164-23172. [PMID: 36128879 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02151j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Doppler broadened R(0) and R(1) lines of the (2-0) vibrational band of HD have been measured at liquid nitrogen temperature and at pressures of 2 Pa, with a comb referenced continuous-wave cavity ring-down spectrometer set-up. Transition frequencies of 214905335185 kHz and 217105181898 kHz were derived from 33 and 83 recordings, with corresponding root mean squared deviation of 53 and 33 kHz for the R(0) and R(1) transition, respectively. This is the first sub-MHz frequency determination of the R(0) transition frequency and represents a three order of magnitude accuracy improvement compared to literature. The R(1) transition frequency is in very good agreement with previous determinations in saturation regime reported with similar accuracy. To achieve such accuracy, the transition frequency of the (101)-(000) 211-312 line of H216O interfering with the R(0) line had to be precisely determined and is reported with a standard error of 100 Hz at 214904329826.49(10) kHz (relative uncertainty of 5 × 10-13). These measurement sets provide stringent reference values for validating future advances in the theoretical description of the hydrogen (and water) molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Kassi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LIPhy, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Clément Lauzin
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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4
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Pachucki K, Komasa J. Nonrelativistic energy of tritium-containing hydrogen molecule isotopologues. Mol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2022.2040627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacek Komasa
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, Poznań, Poland
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5
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Dembiński S, Karwowski J, Szudy J, Helgaker T. Lutosław Wolniewicz (1930–2020). Mol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2021.2024904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stanisław Dembiński
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Jacek Karwowski
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Józef Szudy
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Trygve Helgaker
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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6
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Ireland R, Jeszenszki P, Mátyus E, Martinazzo R, Ronto M, Pollak E. Lower Bounds for Nonrelativistic Atomic Energies. ACS PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY AU 2021; 2:23-37. [PMID: 35098243 PMCID: PMC8796283 DOI: 10.1021/acsphyschemau.1c00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A recently developed lower bound theory for Coulombic problems (E. Pollak, R. Martinazzo, J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2021, 17, 1535) is further developed and applied to the highly accurate calculation of the ground-state energy of two- (He, Li+, and H-) and three- (Li) electron atoms. The method has been implemented with explicitly correlated many-particle basis sets of Gaussian type, on the basis of the highly accurate (Ritz) upper bounds they can provide with relatively small numbers of functions. The use of explicitly correlated Gaussians is developed further for computing the variances, and the necessary modifications are here discussed. The computed lower bounds are of submilli-Hartree (parts per million relative) precision and for Li represent the best lower bounds ever obtained. Although not yet as accurate as the corresponding (Ritz) upper bounds, the computed bounds are orders of magnitude tighter than those obtained with other lower bound methods, thereby demonstrating that the proposed method is viable for lower bound calculations in quantum chemistry applications. Among several aspects, the optimization of the wave function is shown to play a key role for both the optimal solution of the lower bound problem and the internal check of the theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robbie
T. Ireland
- Institute
of Chemistry, ELTE, Eötvös
Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary,School of
Chemistry, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, G12 8QQ, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Jeszenszki
- Institute
of Chemistry, ELTE, Eötvös
Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
| | - Edit Mátyus
- Institute
of Chemistry, ELTE, Eötvös
Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary,E-mail:
| | - Rocco Martinazzo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Milan, Milan, 20122, Italy,Institute of Molecular Science and Technologies
(ISTM), Consiglio
Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Milan, 20133, Italy,
| | - Miklos Ronto
- Chemical
and Biological Physics Department, Weizmann
Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eli Pollak
- Chemical
and Biological Physics Department, Weizmann
Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel,
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7
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Barnum TJ, Herburger H, Grimes DD, Jiang J, Field RW. Preparation of high orbital angular momentum Rydberg states by optical-millimeter-wave STIRAP. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:084301. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0017790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T. J. Barnum
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H. Herburger
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - D. D. Grimes
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J. Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - R. W. Field
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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8
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Puchalski M, Komasa J, Czachorowski P, Pachucki K. Nonadiabatic QED Correction to the Dissociation Energy of the Hydrogen Molecule. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:103003. [PMID: 30932623 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.103003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The quantum electrodynamic correction to the energy of the hydrogen molecule has been evaluated without expansion in the electron-proton mass ratio. The obtained results significantly improve the accuracy of theoretical predictions reaching the level of 1 MHz for the dissociation energy, in very good agreement with the parallel measurement [Hölsch et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 103002 (2019)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.122.103002]. Molecular hydrogen has thus become a cornerstone of ultraprecise quantum chemistry, which opens perspectives for determination of fundamental physical constants from its spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Puchalski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Jacek Komasa
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Paweł Czachorowski
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Pachucki
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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9
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Hölsch N, Beyer M, Salumbides EJ, Eikema KSE, Ubachs W, Jungen C, Merkt F. Benchmarking Theory with an Improved Measurement of the Ionization and Dissociation Energies of H_{2}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:103002. [PMID: 30932670 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.103002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The dissociation energy of H_{2} represents a benchmark quantity to test the accuracy of first-principles calculations. We present a new measurement of the energy interval between the EF ^{1}Σ_{g}^{+}(v=0,N=1) state and the 54p1_{1} Rydberg state of H_{2}. When combined with previously determined intervals, this new measurement leads to an improved value of the dissociation energy D_{0}^{N=1} of ortho-H_{2} that has, for the first time, reached a level of uncertainty that is 3 times smaller than the contribution of about 1 MHz resulting from the finite size of the proton. The new result of 35 999.582 834(11) cm^{-1} is in remarkable agreement with the theoretical result of 35 999.582 820(26) cm^{-1} obtained in calculations including high-order relativistic and quantum-electrodynamics corrections, as reported in the following Letter [M. Puchalski, J. Komasa, P. Czachorowski, and K. Pachucki, Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 103003 (2019)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.122.103003]. This agreement resolves a recent discrepancy between experiment and theory that had hindered a possible use of the dissociation energy of H_{2} in the context of the current controversy on the charge radius of the proton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Hölsch
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH-Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Maximilian Beyer
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH-Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Edcel J Salumbides
- LaserLaB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kjeld S E Eikema
- LaserLaB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Ubachs
- LaserLaB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Jungen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT United Kingdom
| | - Frédéric Merkt
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH-Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- LaserLaB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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10
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Mátyus E. Non-adiabatic mass-correction functions and rovibrational states of 4 He 2 + ( X 2 Σ u + ). J Chem Phys 2018; 149:194112. [PMID: 30466288 DOI: 10.1063/1.5050403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The mass-correction functions in the second-order non-adiabatic Hamiltonian are computed for the 4 He 2 + molecular ion using the variational method, floating explicitly correlated Gaussian functions, and a general coordinate-transformation formalism. When non-adiabatic rovibrational energy levels are computed using these (coordinate-dependent) mass-correction functions and a highly accurate potential energy and diagonal Born-Oppenheimer correction curve, significantly improved theoretical results are obtained for the nine rotational and two rovibrational intervals known from high-resolution spectroscopy experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edit Mátyus
- Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/A, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
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11
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Cheng CF, Hussels J, Niu M, Bethlem HL, Eikema KSE, Salumbides EJ, Ubachs W, Beyer M, Hölsch N, Agner JA, Merkt F, Tao LG, Hu SM, Jungen C. Dissociation Energy of the Hydrogen Molecule at 10^{-9} Accuracy. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:013001. [PMID: 30028156 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.013001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The ionization energy of ortho-H_{2} has been determined to be E_{I}^{o}(H_{2})/(hc)=124 357.238 062(25) cm^{-1} from measurements of the GK(1,1)-X(0,1) interval by Doppler-free, two-photon spectroscopy using a narrow band 179-nm laser source and the ionization energy of the GK(1,1) state by continuous-wave, near-infrared laser spectroscopy. E_{I}^{o}(H_{2}) was used to derive the dissociation energy of H_{2}, D_{0}^{N=1}(H_{2}), at 35 999.582 894(25) cm^{-1} with a precision that is more than one order of magnitude better than all previous results. The new result challenges calculations of this quantity and represents a benchmark value for future relativistic and QED calculations of molecular energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-F Cheng
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Hussels
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Niu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H L Bethlem
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K S E Eikema
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E J Salumbides
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W Ubachs
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Beyer
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - N Hölsch
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - J A Agner
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - F Merkt
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - L-G Tao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, iChem center, University of Science and Technology China, Hefei, 230026 China
| | - S-M Hu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, iChem center, University of Science and Technology China, Hefei, 230026 China
| | - Ch Jungen
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton du CNRS, Bâtiment 505, Université de Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay, France and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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12
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Cozijn FMJ, Dupré P, Salumbides EJ, Eikema KSE, Ubachs W. Sub-Doppler Frequency Metrology in HD for Tests of Fundamental Physics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:153002. [PMID: 29756874 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.153002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Weak transitions in the (2,0) overtone band of the hydrogen deuteride molecule at λ=1.38 μm were measured in saturated absorption using the technique of noise-immune cavity-enhanced optical heterodyne molecular spectroscopy. Narrow Doppler-free lines were interrogated with a spectroscopy laser locked to a frequency comb laser referenced to an atomic clock to yield transition frequencies [R(1)=217105181895(20) kHz; R(2)=219042856621(28) kHz; R(3)=220704304951(28) kHz] at three orders of magnitude improved accuracy. These benchmark values provide a test of QED in the smallest neutral molecule, and they open up an avenue to resolve the proton radius puzzle, as well as constrain putative fifth forces and extra dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M J Cozijn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Dupré
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 189A Avenue Maurice Schumann, 59140 Dunkerque, France
| | - E J Salumbides
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K S E Eikema
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W Ubachs
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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13
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Pachucki K, Komasa J. Nonadiabatic rotational states of the hydrogen molecule. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:247-255. [PMID: 29200217 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06516g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We present a new computational method for the determination of energy levels in four-particle systems like H2, HD, and HeH+ using explicitly correlated exponential basis functions and analytic integration formulas. In solving the Schrödinger equation, no adiabatic separation of the nuclear and electronic degrees of freedom is introduced. We provide formulas for the coupling between the rotational and electronic angular momenta, which enable calculations of arbitrary rotationally excited energy levels. To illustrate the high numerical efficiency of the method, we present the results for various states of the hydrogen molecule. The relative accuracy to which we determined the nonrelativistic energy reached the level of 10-12-10-13, which corresponds to an uncertainty of 10-7-10-8 cm-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Pachucki
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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14
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Altmann RK, Dreissen LS, Salumbides EJ, Ubachs W, Eikema KSE. Deep-Ultraviolet Frequency Metrology of H_{2} for Tests of Molecular Quantum Theory. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:043204. [PMID: 29437464 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.043204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Molecular hydrogen and its isotopic and ionic species are benchmark systems for testing quantum chemical theory. Advances in molecular energy structure calculations enable the experimental verification of quantum electrodynamics and potentially a determination of the proton charge radius from H_{2} spectroscopy. We measure the ground state energy in ortho-H_{2} relative to the first electronically excited state by Ramsey-comb laser spectroscopy on the EF^{1}Σ_{g}^{+}-X^{1}Σ_{g}^{+}(0,0) Q1 transition. The resulting transition frequency of 2 971 234 992 965(73) kHz is 2 orders of magnitude more accurate than previous measurements. This paves the way for a considerably improved determination of the dissociation energy (D_{0}) for fundamental tests with molecular hydrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Altmann
- LaserLaB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - L S Dreissen
- LaserLaB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - E J Salumbides
- LaserLaB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - W Ubachs
- LaserLaB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - K S E Eikema
- LaserLaB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
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15
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Abdulsattar MA. Chlorine gas reaction with ZnO wurtzoid nanocrystals as a function of temperature: a DFT study. J Mol Model 2017; 23:125. [PMID: 28316040 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-017-3309-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, we applied density functional theory and temperature-dependent Gibbs free energy calculations to wurtzoid structures to explain the sensitivity of ZnO nanocrystals towards chlorine molecules. In agreement with experimental findings, our results revealed that chlorine sensing under ambient conditions is feasible. Higher temperatures increased the sensitivity of ZnO nanocrystals towards chlorine gas molecules. Peak calculated sensitivities were in the temperature ranges (167-220 °C), (447-578 °C) and (952-1159 °C), which is in good agreement with experimentally determined temperatures. According to the calculated Gibbs free energy, these three ranges correspond to the van der Waals attachment of Cl2 molecules on Zn-polar sites, van der Waals attachment of Cl2 molecules on O sites, and dissociation of Cl2 molecules on ZnO nanocrystal surfaces, respectively. The removal of chlorine atoms from the surface of ZnO nanocrystals is difficult at low temperatures because of the high electron affinity of chlorine gas atoms, which results in a long recovery time and accumulation of chlorine atoms and molecules on the ZnO surface. Atomic charges and charge transfer are depicted using natural bond orbital analysis to explain the present mechanisms.
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16
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Semeria L, Jansen P, Merkt F. Precision measurement of the rotational energy-level structure of the three-electron molecule He 2. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:204301. [PMID: 27908106 DOI: 10.1063/1.4967256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The term values of all rotational levels of the 4He2+ X+ 2Σu+ (ν+=0) ground vibronic state with rotational quantum number N+ ≤ 19 have been determined with an accuracy of 8 × 10-4 cm-1 (∼25 MHz) by multichannel-quantum-defect-theory-assisted Rydberg spectroscopy of metastable He2∗. Comparison of these term values with term values recently calculated ab initio by Tung et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 136, 104309 (2012)] reveals discrepancies that rapidly increase with increasing rotational quantum number and reach values of 0.07 cm-1 (∼2.1 GHz) at N+ = 19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Semeria
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paul Jansen
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Frédéric Merkt
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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17
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Burgess DR. An Evaluation of Gas Phase Enthalpies of Formation for Hydrogen-Oxygen (H xO y) Species. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY 2016; 121:108-138. [PMID: 34434616 PMCID: PMC7339710 DOI: 10.6028/jres.121.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We have compiled gas phase enthalpies of formation for nine hydrogen-oxygen species (HxOy) and selected recommended values for H, O, OH, H2O, HO2, H2O2, O3, HO3, and H2O3. The compilation consists of values derived from experimental measurements, quantum chemical calculations, and prior evaluations. This work updates the recommended values in the NIST-JANAF (1985) and Gurvich et al. (1989) thermochemical tables for seven species. For two species, HO3 and H2O3 (important in atmospheric chemistry) and not found in prior thermochemical evaluations, we also provide supplementary data consisting of molecular geometries, vibrational frequencies, and torsional potentials which can be used to compute thermochemical functions. For all species, we also provide supplementary data consisting of zero point energies, vibrational frequencies, and ion reaction energetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald R Burgess
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
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18
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19
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Jansen P, Semeria L, Hofer LE, Scheidegger S, Agner JA, Schmutz H, Merkt F. Precision Spectroscopy in Cold Molecules: The Lowest Rotational Interval of He_{2}^{+} and Metastable He_{2}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:133202. [PMID: 26451553 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.133202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Multistage Zeeman deceleration was used to generate a slow, dense beam of translationally cold He_{2} molecules in the metastable a ^{3}Σ_{u}^{+} state. Precision measurements of the Rydberg spectrum of these molecules at high values of the principal quantum number n have been carried out. The spin-rotational state selectivity of the Zeeman-deceleration process was exploited to reduce the spectral congestion, minimize residual Doppler shifts, resolve the Rydberg series around n=200 and assign their fine structure. The ionization energy of metastable He_{2} and the lowest rotational interval of the X^{+} ^{2}Σ_{u}^{+} (ν^{+}=0) ground state of ^{4}He_{2}^{+} have been determined with unprecedented precision and accuracy by Rydberg-series extrapolation. Comparison with ab initio predictions of the rotational energy level structure of ^{4}He_{2}^{+} [W.-C. Tung, M. Pavanello, and L. Adamowicz, J. Chem. Phys. 136, 104309 (2012)] enabled us to quantify the magnitude of relativistic and quantum-electrodynamics contributions to the fundamental rotational interval of He_{2}^{+}.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Jansen
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luca Semeria
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Simon Scheidegger
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Josef A Agner
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hansjürg Schmutz
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Frédéric Merkt
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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20
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Niu ML, Salumbides EJ, Ubachs W. Communication: Test of quantum chemistry in vibrationally hot hydrogen molecules. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:081102. [PMID: 26328810 DOI: 10.1063/1.4929568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Precision measurements are performed on highly excited vibrational quantum states of molecular hydrogen. The v = 12, J = 0 - 3 rovibrational levels of H2 (X(1)Σg (+)), lying only 2000 cm(-1) below the first dissociation limit, were populated by photodissociation of H2S and their level energies were accurately determined by two-photon Doppler-free spectroscopy. A comparison between the experimental results on v = 12 level energies with the best ab initio calculations shows a good agreement, where the present experimental accuracy of 3.5 × 10(-3) cm(-1) is more precise than theory, hence providing a gateway to further test theoretical advances in this benchmark quantum system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Niu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB, VU University, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E J Salumbides
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB, VU University, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W Ubachs
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB, VU University, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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21
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Pachucki K, Komasa J. Leading order nonadiabatic corrections to rovibrational levels of H2, D2, and T2. J Chem Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4927079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Pachucki
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Komasa
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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22
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Gato-Rivera B. Constraining extra space dimensions using precision molecular spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/626/1/012052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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23
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Suter M, Quack M. Line shape of amplitude or frequency-modulated spectral profiles including resonator distortions. APPLIED OPTICS 2015; 54:4417-4431. [PMID: 25967497 DOI: 10.1364/ao.54.004417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report experiments and an improved method of analysis for any harmonics of frequency-modulated spectral line shapes allowing for very precise determinations of the resonance frequency of single absorption lines for gigahertz spectroscopy in the gas phase. Resonator perturbations are implemented into the formalism of modulation spectroscopy by means of a full complex transmission function being able to model the asymmetrically distorted absorption line shapes for arbitrary modulation depths, modulation frequencies, and resonator reflectivities. Exact equations of the in-phase and the quadrature modulation signal, taking into account a full resonator transmission function, are simultaneously adjusted to two-channel lock-in measurements performed in the gigahertz regime to obtain the spectral line position. The determination of the absorption line position of the rotational transition J' = 7 ← J" = 6 of (16)O(12)C(32)S in the vibrational ground state is investigated while changing the resonator distortions. The results are subjected to the approach proposed here and compared to standard methods known from the literature.
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Haase C, Beyer M, Jungen C, Merkt F. The fundamental rotational interval of para-H2+ by MQDT-assisted Rydberg spectroscopy of H2. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:064310. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4907531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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25
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Pachucki K, Komasa J. Accurate adiabatic correction in the hydrogen molecule. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:224103. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4902981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Pachucki
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Komasa
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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26
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Sprecher D, Jungen C, Merkt F. Determination of the binding energies of the np Rydberg states of H2, HD, and D2 from high-resolution spectroscopic data by multichannel quantum-defect theory. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:104303. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4866809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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27
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Sprecher D, Beyer M, Merkt F. Precision measurement of the ionisation energy of the 3dσ GK state of H2. Mol Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2013.788743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Sprecher
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich , Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M. Beyer
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich , Zurich, Switzerland
| | - F. Merkt
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich , Zurich, Switzerland
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28
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Sprecher D, Jungen C, Merkt F. Spectrum of the Autoionizing Triplet Gerade Rydberg States of H2 and its Analysis Using Multichannel Quantum-Defect Theory. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:9462-76. [DOI: 10.1021/jp311793t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sprecher
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Jungen
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton
du CNRS, Université de Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Frédéric Merkt
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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29
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Mátyus E, Reiher M. Molecular structure calculations: A unified quantum mechanical description of electrons and nuclei using explicitly correlated Gaussian functions and the global vector representation. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:024104. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4731696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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30
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Abstract
We review the frontiers of spectroscopy from a historical perspective, starting with the development of atomic spectroscopy about 150 years ago, followed by some comments on selected previous Faraday Discussions. As the spectrum of frontiers at the Faraday Discussion 150 is very broad, we give only a brief survey providing a map of the various frontiers approached today. This is followed by an exemplary discussion of one particular frontier towards the spectroscopic detection of symmetry violations in fundamental physics. In particular the understanding of parity violation in chiral molecules has recently made great progress. We briefly describe the advances made in recent decades as well as the current status of theory and experiments in this exciting field of research. We conclude with an outlook on open questions and frontiers of the future in spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Quack
- ETH Zürich, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
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31
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Komasa J, Piszczatowski K, Łach G, Przybytek M, Jeziorski B, Pachucki K. Quantum Electrodynamics Effects in Rovibrational Spectra of Molecular Hydrogen. J Chem Theory Comput 2011; 7:3105-15. [DOI: 10.1021/ct200438t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Komasa
- Faculty of Chemistry, A. Mickiewicz University, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Grzegorz Łach
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Przybytek
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bogumił Jeziorski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Pachucki
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Hoża 69, 00-681 Warsaw, Poland
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32
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Salumbides EJ, Dickenson GD, Ivanov TI, Ubachs W. QED effects in molecules: test on rotational quantum states of H2. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:043005. [PMID: 21867001 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.043005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Quantum electrodynamic effects have been systematically tested in the progression of rotational quantum states in the X 1Σ(g)(+), v=0 vibronic ground state of molecular hydrogen. High-precision Doppler-free spectroscopy of the EF 1Σ(g)(+)-X 1Σ(g)(+) (0,0) band was performed with 0.005 cm(-1) accuracy on rotationally hot H2 (with rotational quantum states J up to 16). QED and relativistic contributions to rotational level energies as high as 0.13 cm(-1) are extracted, and are in perfect agreement with recent calculations of QED and high-order relativistic effects for the H2 ground state.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Salumbides
- Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics Amsterdam, VU University, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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33
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Hogan SD, Motsch M, Merkt F. Deceleration of supersonic beams using inhomogeneous electric and magnetic fields. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:18705-23. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp21733j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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