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Suthar J, Alvarez-Fernandez A, Osarfo-Mensah E, Angioletti-Uberti S, Williams GR, Guldin S. Amplified EQCM-D detection of extracellular vesicles using 2D gold nanostructured arrays fabricated by block copolymer self-assembly. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2023; 8:460-472. [PMID: 36825603 PMCID: PMC10042438 DOI: 10.1039/d2nh00424k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are routinely released from nearly all cell types as transport vehicles and for cell communication. Crucially, they contain biomolecular content for the identification of health and disease states that can be detected from readily accessible physiological fluids, including urine, plasma, or saliva. Despite their clinical utility within noninvasive diagnostic platforms such as liquid biopsies, the currently available portfolio of analytical approaches are challenged by EV heterogeneity in size and composition, as well as the complexity of native biofluids. Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) has recently emerged as a powerful alternative for the phenotypic detection of EVs, offering multiple modes of analyte discrimination by frequency and dissipation. While providing rich data for sensor development, further progress is required to reduce detection limits and fully exploit the technique's potential within biosensing. Herein, we investigate the impact of nanostructuring the sensor electrode surface for enhancing its detection capabilities. We employ self-assembly of the block copolymer polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) to create well defined 2D gold islands via selective impregnation of the pyridine domain with gold precursors and subsequent removal of the template. When matched to the EV length scale, we find a 4-fold improvement in sensitivity despite a 4-fold reduction in area for analyte and ligand anchoring in comparison to a flat sensor surface. Creation of tailored and confined sensing regions interspersed by non-binding silica provides optimal spatial orientation for EV capture with reduced steric effects and negative cooperativity of grafted antibodies, offering a promising route for facilitated binding and enhanced performance of sensor platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jugal Suthar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, UK.
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, Bloomsbury, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Alberto Alvarez-Fernandez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, UK.
| | - Esther Osarfo-Mensah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, UK.
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | | | - Gareth R Williams
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, Bloomsbury, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Stefan Guldin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, UK.
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2
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Landeke-Wilsmark B, Hägglund C. Metal nanoparticle arrays via a water-based lift-off scheme using a block copolymer template. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:325302. [PMID: 35579929 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac64b1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Metalnanoparticles(NPs) can exhibit unique electronic, magnetic, optical, and catalytic properties. Highly ordered, dense arrays of non-close-packed, surface-supported metal NPs are thus of potential use in a wide range of applications. Implementing such arrays over large surfaces can, however, be both technologically challenging and prohibitively expensive using conventional top-down nanofabrication techniques. Moreover, many existing patterning methods are too harsh for sensitive substrate surfaces and their applications. To address this, we here investigate a fabrication protocol involving a water-based lift-off scheme in which the template pattern generation is rapidly and inexpensively achieved throughblock copolymer(BCP) self-assembly. A three-layer lift-off stack consisting of, from top to bottom, a poly(styrene-block-2-vinyl pyridine) template, a SiOxintermediate hardmask, and a water-soluble poly(vinyl alcohol) sacrificial layer is employed in this endeavor.Solvent-induced surface reconstruction(SISR) is used to generate an initial surface topography in the BCP template which is subsequently transferred to the layers beneath in a sequence of reactive ion etching steps. Through judicious selection of stack materials and dry etch chemistries, a layered, high-aspect-ratio, nanoporous mask is thus implemented. After metal deposition, the mask and excess material are simply removed in a lift-off step by dissolving the bottommost sacrificial layer in water. The incorporation of an intermediate hardmask and a water-soluble sacrificial layer obviates the need for harmful and/or corrosive lift-off solvents and decouples the BCP self-assembly process from the influence of substrate properties. We demonstrate the generation of well-ordered arrays of Au NPs capable of supporting sharp, localized surface plasmon resonances. We also investigate improvements to large-scale uniformity, as this is found sensitive to the SISR termination step in the original protocol. Extensions of the technique to other BCP morphologies and materials deposited ought to be straightforward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Landeke-Wilsmark
- Division of Solar Cell Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, PO Box 35, SE-75103 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carl Hägglund
- Division of Solar Cell Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, PO Box 35, SE-75103 Uppsala, Sweden
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3
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Landeke-Wilsmark B, Nyholm L, Hägglund C. Process Window for Seeded Growth of Arrays of Quasi-Spherical Substrate-Supported Au Nanoparticles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:6032-6041. [PMID: 33938763 PMCID: PMC8280595 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The controlled growth of surface-supported metal nanoparticles (NPs) is essential to a broad range of applications. To this end, we explore the seeded growth of highly ordered arrays of substrate-supported Au NPs through a fully orthogonal design of experiment (DoE) scheme applied to a reaction system consisting of HAuCl4, citrate, and hydrogen peroxide. Scanning electron microscopy in combination with digital image analysis (DIA) is used to quantitatively characterize the resultant NP populations in terms of both particle and array features. The effective optical properties of the NP arrays are additionally analyzed using spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), allowing characteristics of the localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) of the arrays to be quantified. We study the dependence of the DIA- and SE-extracted features on the different reagent concentrations through modeling using multiple linear regression with backward elimination of independent variables. A process window is identified for which uniform arrays of quasi-spherical Au NPs are grown over large surface areas. Aside from reagent concentrations the system is highly sensitive to the hydrodynamic conditions during the deposition. This issue is likely caused by an Au precursor mass-transport limitation of the reduction reaction and it is found that agitation of the growth medium is best avoided to ensure a macroscopically even deposition. Parasitic homogeneous nucleation can also be a challenge and was separately studied in a full DoE scheme with equivalent growth media but without substrates, using optical tracking of the solutions over time. Conditions yielding quasi-spherical surface-supported NPs are found to also be affiliated with strong tendencies for parasitic homogeneous nucleation and thereby loss of Au precursor, but addition of polyvinyl alcohol can possibly help alleviate this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Landeke-Wilsmark
- Division
of Solar Cell Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Box 35, 751 03 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Leif Nyholm
- Department
of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carl Hägglund
- Division
of Solar Cell Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Box 35, 751 03 Uppsala, Sweden
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4
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Landeke-Wilsmark B, Nyholm L, Hägglund C. Seeded Growth of Large-Area Arrays of Substrate Supported Au Nanoparticles Using Citrate and Hydrogen Peroxide. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:6848-6858. [PMID: 32531167 PMCID: PMC7467740 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
While seeded growth of quasi-spherical colloidal Au nanoparticles (NPs) has been extensively explored in the literature, the growth of surface supported arrays of such particles has received less attention. The latter scenario offers some significant challenges, including the attainment of sufficient particle-substrate adhesion, growth-selectivity, and uniform mass-transport. To this end, a reaction system consisting of HAuCl4, citrate, and H2O2 is here investigated for the growth of supported arrays of 10 nm Au seeds, derived via block copolymer (BCP) lithography. The effects of the reagent concentrations on the properties of the resultant NPs are evaluated. It is found that inclusion of citrate in the growth medium causes substantial particle desorption from Si surfaces. However, the presence of citrate also yields NPs with more uniformly circular top-view cross sections ("quasi-circular"), motivating the exploration of particle immobilization methods. We demonstrate that atomic layer deposition (ALD) of a single cycle of HfO2 (∼1 Å), after the seed particle formation, promotes adhesion sufficiently to enable the use of citrate without the added oxide noticeably affecting the shape of the resultant NPs. The presented ALD-based approach differs from the conventional sequence of depositing the adhesion layer prior to the seed particle formation and may have advantages in various processing schemes, such as when surface grafting of brush layers is required in the BCP lithography process. A proof-of-concept is provided for the growth of large-area arrays of supported "quasi-circular" Au NPs, in a rapid one-step process at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Landeke-Wilsmark
- Division
of Solar Cell Technology, Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 534, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Leif Nyholm
- Department
of Chemistry − Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 538, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carl Hägglund
- Division
of Solar Cell Technology, Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 534, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
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5
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Konefał M, Zhigunov A, Pavlova E, Černoch P, Pop-Georgievski O, Špírková M. Adjustable self-assembly in polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) dip-coated thin films. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
The PVP and its derivatives have been broadly applied in polymers, organic
syntheses, and catalysis processes. The crosslinked PVP is a well-known polymer support
for numerous reagents and catalysts. Cross-linked PVPs are commercially available polymers
and have attracted much attention over the past due to their interesting properties
such as the facile functionalization, high accessibility of functional groups, being nonhygroscopic,
easy to prepare, easy filtration, and swelling in many organic solvents. A
brief explanation of the reported applications of PVPs in different fields followed by the
discussion on the implementation of methodologies for catalytic efficiency of PVP-based
reagents in the organic synthesis is included. The aim is to summarize the literature under
a few catalytic categories and to present each as a short scheme involving reaction conditions.
In the text, discussions on the synthesis and the structural determination of some typical polymeric reagents
are presented, and the mechanisms of some organic reactions are given. Where appropriate, advantages
of reagents in comparison with the previous reports are presented. This review does not include patent literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Ghaffari Khaligh
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center, Institute of Postgraduate Studies, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hanna S. Abbo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
| | - Mohd Rafie Johan
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center, Institute of Postgraduate Studies, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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7
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Alvarez-Fernandez A, Aissou K, Pécastaings G, Hadziioannou G, Fleury G, Ponsinet V. High refractive index in low metal content nanoplasmonic surfaces from self-assembled block copolymer thin films. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:849-857. [PMID: 36132249 PMCID: PMC9473184 DOI: 10.1039/c8na00239h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Materials with a high and tunable refractive index are attractive for nanophotonic applications. In this contribution, we propose a straightforward fabrication technique of high-refractive index surfaces based on self-assembled nanostructured block copolymer thin films. The selective and customizable metal incorporation within out-of-plane polymer lamellae produces azimuthally isotropic metallic nanostructures of defined geometries, which were analysed using microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering techniques. Variable-angle spectroscopic ellipsometry was used to relate the geometrical parameters of the metallic features and the resulting refractive index of the patterned surfaces. In particular, nanostructured gold patterns with a high degree of homogeneity and a gold content as low as 16 vol% reach a refractive index value of more than 3 in the visible domain. Our study thus demonstrates a new route for the preparation of high refractive index surfaces with a low metal content for optical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Alvarez-Fernandez
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), CNRS UMR 5629, ENSCPB, Université de Bordeaux 16 Avenue Pey-Berland F-33607 Pessac Cedex France
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal (CRPP) UMR 5031 33600 Pessac France
| | - Karim Aissou
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), CNRS UMR 5629, ENSCPB, Université de Bordeaux 16 Avenue Pey-Berland F-33607 Pessac Cedex France
| | - Gilles Pécastaings
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), CNRS UMR 5629, ENSCPB, Université de Bordeaux 16 Avenue Pey-Berland F-33607 Pessac Cedex France
| | - Georges Hadziioannou
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), CNRS UMR 5629, ENSCPB, Université de Bordeaux 16 Avenue Pey-Berland F-33607 Pessac Cedex France
| | - Guillaume Fleury
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), CNRS UMR 5629, ENSCPB, Université de Bordeaux 16 Avenue Pey-Berland F-33607 Pessac Cedex France
| | - Virginie Ponsinet
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal (CRPP) UMR 5031 33600 Pessac France
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8
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Karimi B, Artelli Z, Mohammadi F, Mansouri F, Hasannia M, Marefat MR, Vali H, Mastrorilli P, Todisco S. An Amphiphilic Mesoporous Polymer Comprising a “built-in” Imidazolium Ionic Liquid via Nanocasting Method as a Novel Catalyst Support with Combined Prospects. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201801668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Babak Karimi
- Department of Chemistry; Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS) PO-Box; 45195-1159, Gava zang Zanjan 45137-6731 Iran
- Research Center for Basic Sciences & Modern Technologies (RBST); Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan; 45137-66731 Iran
| | - Zahra Artelli
- Department of Chemistry; Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS) PO-Box; 45195-1159, Gava zang Zanjan 45137-6731 Iran
| | - Fariba Mohammadi
- Department of Chemistry; Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS) PO-Box; 45195-1159, Gava zang Zanjan 45137-6731 Iran
| | - Fariborz Mansouri
- Department of Chemistry; Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS) PO-Box; 45195-1159, Gava zang Zanjan 45137-6731 Iran
| | - Maliheh Hasannia
- Department of Chemistry; Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS) PO-Box; 45195-1159, Gava zang Zanjan 45137-6731 Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Marefat
- Department of Chemistry; Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS) PO-Box; 45195-1159, Gava zang Zanjan 45137-6731 Iran
| | - Hojatollah Vali
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Facility for Electron Microscopy Research; McGill University Montreal, Quebec, H3 A 2 A7; Canada
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9
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Flynn SP, Bogan J, Lundy R, Khalafalla KE, Shaw M, Rodriguez BJ, Swift P, Daniels S, O'Connor R, Hughes G, Kelleher SM. Nitrogen reactive ion etch processes for the selective removal of poly-(4-vinylpyridine) in block copolymer films. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:355302. [PMID: 29873635 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aacae4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembling block copolymer (BCP) patterns are one of the main contenders for the fabrication of nanopattern templates in next generation lithography technology. Transforming these templates to hard mark materials is key for pattern transfer and in some cases, involves selectively removing one block from the nanopattern. For poly(styrene)-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P4VP), a high χ BCP system which could be potentially incorporated into semiconductor nanofabrication, this selective removal is predominantly done by a wet etch/activation process. Conversely, this process has numerous disadvantages including lack of control and high generation of waste leading to high cost. For these reasons, our motivation was to move away from the wet etch process and optimise a dry etch which would overcome the limitations associated with the activation process. The work presented herein shows the development of a selective plasma etch process for the removal of P4VP cores from PS-b-P4VP nanopatterned film. Results have shown that a nitrogen reactive ion etch plasma has a selectivity for P4VP of 2.2:1 and suggest that the position of the nitrogen in the aromatic ring of P4VP plays a key role in this selectivity. In situ plasma etching and x-ray photoelectron spectrometry measurements were made without breaking vacuum, confirming that the nitrogen plasma has selectivity for removal of P4VP over PS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shauna P Flynn
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland. National Centre for Plasma Science and Technology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
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10
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Aissou K, Mumtaz M, Alvarez-Fernandez A, Mercat J, Antoine S, Pécastaings G, Ponsinet V, Dobrzynski C, Fleury G, Hadziioannou G. Metallic Nanodot Patterns with Unique Symmetries Templated from ABC Triblock Terpolymer Networks. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1700754. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karim Aissou
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO); CNRS - ENSCPB - Université de Bordeaux; 16 Avenue Pey-Berland F-33607 Pessac Cedex France
| | - Muhammad Mumtaz
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO); CNRS - ENSCPB - Université de Bordeaux; 16 Avenue Pey-Berland F-33607 Pessac Cedex France
| | - Alberto Alvarez-Fernandez
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO); CNRS - ENSCPB - Université de Bordeaux; 16 Avenue Pey-Berland F-33607 Pessac Cedex France
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal (CRPP); CNRS UPR 8641; Université de Bordeaux; 115 Avenue Schweitzer F-33600 Pessac France
| | - Jean Mercat
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO); CNRS - ENSCPB - Université de Bordeaux; 16 Avenue Pey-Berland F-33607 Pessac Cedex France
- Bordeaux INP; IMB; UMR 5251/Inria Bordeaux Sud-Ouest; Team Cardamom; F-33405 Talence Cedex France
| | - Ségolène Antoine
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO); CNRS - ENSCPB - Université de Bordeaux; 16 Avenue Pey-Berland F-33607 Pessac Cedex France
| | - Gilles Pécastaings
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO); CNRS - ENSCPB - Université de Bordeaux; 16 Avenue Pey-Berland F-33607 Pessac Cedex France
| | - Virginie Ponsinet
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal (CRPP); CNRS UPR 8641; Université de Bordeaux; 115 Avenue Schweitzer F-33600 Pessac France
| | - Cécile Dobrzynski
- Bordeaux INP; IMB; UMR 5251/Inria Bordeaux Sud-Ouest; Team Cardamom; F-33405 Talence Cedex France
| | - Guillaume Fleury
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO); CNRS - ENSCPB - Université de Bordeaux; 16 Avenue Pey-Berland F-33607 Pessac Cedex France
| | - Georges Hadziioannou
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO); CNRS - ENSCPB - Université de Bordeaux; 16 Avenue Pey-Berland F-33607 Pessac Cedex France
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11
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Shiraishi Y, Tanaka H, Sakamoto H, Hayashi N, Kofuji Y, Ichikawa S, Hirai T. Synthesis of Au Nanoparticles with Benzoic Acid as Reductant and Surface Stabilizer Promoted Solely by UV Light. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:13797-13804. [PMID: 29119792 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Photoreductive synthesis of colloidal gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) from Au3+ is one important process for nanoprocessing. Several methods have been proposed; however, there is no report of a method capable of producing AuNPs with inexpensive reagents acting as both reductant and surface stabilizer, promoted solely under photoirradiation. We found that UV irradiation of water with Au3+ and benzoic acid successfully produces monodispersed AuNPs, where thermal reduction does not occur in the dark condition even at elevated temperatures. Photoexcitation of a benzoate-Au3+ complex reduces Au3+ while oxidizing benzoic acid. The benzoic acid molecules are adsorbed on the AuNPs and act as surface stabilizers. Change in light intensity and benzoic acid amount successfully creates AuNPs with controllable sizes. The obtained AuNPs can easily be redispersed in an organic solvent or loaded onto a solid support by simple treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Shiraishi
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry, and Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University , Toyonaka 560-8531, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) , Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Haruki Tanaka
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry, and Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University , Toyonaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Hirokatsu Sakamoto
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry, and Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University , Toyonaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Naoto Hayashi
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry, and Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University , Toyonaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kofuji
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry, and Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University , Toyonaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ichikawa
- Institute for NanoScience Design, Osaka University , Toyonaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Takayuki Hirai
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry, and Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University , Toyonaka 560-8531, Japan
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12
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Cummins C, Ghoshal T, Holmes JD, Morris MA. Strategies for Inorganic Incorporation using Neat Block Copolymer Thin Films for Etch Mask Function and Nanotechnological Application. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:5586-618. [PMID: 26749571 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201503432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Block copolymers (BCPs) and their directed self-assembly (DSA) has emerged as a realizable complementary tool to aid optical patterning of device elements for future integrated circuit advancements. Methods to enhance BCP etch contrast for DSA application and further potential applications of inorganic nanomaterial features (e.g., semiconductor, dielectric, metal and metal oxide) are examined. Strategies to modify, infiltrate and controllably deposit inorganic materials by utilizing neat self-assembled BCP thin films open a rich design space to fabricate functional features in the nanoscale regime. An understanding and overview on innovative ways for the selective inclusion/infiltration or deposition of inorganic moieties in microphase separated BCP nanopatterns is provided. Early initial inclusion methods in the field and exciting contemporary reports to further augment etch contrast in BCPs for pattern transfer application are described. Specifically, the use of evaporation and sputtering methods, atomic layer deposition, sequential infiltration synthesis, metal-salt inclusion and aqueous metal reduction methodologies forming isolated nanofeatures are highlighted in di-BCP systems. Functionalities and newly reported uses for electronic and non-electronic technologies based on the inherent properties of incorporated inorganic nanostructures using di-BCP templates are highlighted. We outline the potential for extension of incorporation methods to triblock copolymer features for more diverse applications. Challenges and emerging areas of interest for inorganic infiltration of BCPs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cian Cummins
- Materials Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- AMBER@CRANN, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tandra Ghoshal
- Materials Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- AMBER@CRANN, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Justin D Holmes
- AMBER@CRANN, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Materials Chemistry and Analysis Group, Department of Chemistry and Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Michael A Morris
- Materials Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- AMBER@CRANN, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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13
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Gui W, Zhu X, Yang Y. Selective enrichment of low concentration Au(iii) from acidic chloride media by poly ionic liquid sorbent. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra11270f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrophilic ionic liquid (imidazolium chloride, imCl)–polyvinyl chloride ionomer (imCl–PVC) as a green sorbent to recover precious gold from acidic chloride solution was characterized by SEM, FTIR, XPS and NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Gui
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
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14
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Liu Z, Chang T, Huang H, He T. Engineering Hybrid Metallic Nanostructures Using a Single Domain of Block Copolymer Templates. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:25938-45. [PMID: 26517409 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b08751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Building complex nanostructures using a simple patterned template is challenging in material science and nanotechnology. In the present work, three different strategies have been exploited for the successful fabrication of hybrid dots-on-wire metallic nanostructures through combining an in-situ method with an ex-situ method. Basically, plasma etching was applied to generate a metallic wire-like nanostructure, and preformed nanoparticles could be placed through multiple means before or after the formation of the wire-like nanostructure. Various monometallic and bimetallic nanostructures have been obtained by utilizing only one functional domain of block copolymer templates. In these cases, full utilization of the functional domain or introduction of the molecular linker is critical to engineering hybrid metallic nanostructures. Other complex and multifunctional hybrid nanostructures can be developed via these strategies similarly, and these nanostructures are promising for useful applications such as optics and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tongxin Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haiying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022, China
| | - Tianbai He
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022, China
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Park H, Li X, Lai SY, Chen D, Blinn KS, Liu M, Choi S, Liu M, Park S, Bottomley LA. Electrostatic Force Microscopic Characterization of Early Stage Carbon Deposition on Nickel Anodes in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:6047-6050. [PMID: 26302464 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b02237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Carbon deposition on nickel anodes degrades the performance of solid oxide fuel cells that utilize hydrocarbon fuels. Nickel anodes with BaO nanoclusters deposited on the surface exhibit improved performance by delaying carbon deposition (i.e., coking). The goal of this research was to visualize early stage deposition of carbon on nickel surface and to identify the role BaO nanoclusters play in coking resistance. Electrostatic force microscopy was employed to spatially map carbon deposition on nickel foils patterned with BaO nanoclusters. Image analysis reveals that upon propane exposure initial carbon deposition occurs on the Ni surface at a distance from the BaO features. With continued exposure, carbon deposits penetrate into the BaO-modified regions. After extended exposure, carbon accumulates on and covers BaO. The morphology and spatial distribution of deposited carbon was found to be sensitive to experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungmin Park
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sinho Choi
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Soojin Park
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea
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16
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Yu S, Tan H, Wang J, Liu X, Zhou K. High porosity supermacroporous polystyrene materials with excellent oil-water separation and gas permeability properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:6745-6753. [PMID: 25762095 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Two types of monolith high-porosity supermacroporous polystyrene materials had been controlled synthesized from water-in-oil Pickering emulsions. The first type, closed-cell high-porosity (up to 91%) supermacroporous (ca. 500 μm) polystyrene materials (CPPs) was prepared by employing amphiphilic carbonaceous microspheres (CMs) as high internal phase emulsion stabilizer without any inorganic salts or further modifying the wettability of the particles. The second type, hierarchical porous polystyrene materials with highly interconnected macropores (IPPs), was constructed from emulsions stabilized simultaneously by CM particles and a little amount of surfactants. Both types of these monolith porous polystyrene materials possessed excellent mechanical strength. The CPPs were used as absorbents for oil-water separation and high absorption capacity, and absorption rate for oils were realized, which was attributed to their porosity structure and the swelling property of the polystyrene, while the IPPs were highly permeable for gases due to their interconnected macropores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhen Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyi Tan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Kebin Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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17
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Lekesiz TO, Kayran C, Hacaloglu J. Preparation and thermal characterization of poly(2-vinylpyridine) copolymers coordinated to Cr nanoparticles. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ceyhan Kayran
- Chemistry Department; Middle East Technical University; Ankara 06531 Turkey
| | - Jale Hacaloglu
- Chemistry Department; Middle East Technical University; Ankara 06531 Turkey
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18
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Pelligra CI, Huang S, Singer JP, Mayo AT, Mu RR, Osuji CO. Scalable high-fidelity growth of semiconductor nanorod arrays with controlled geometry for photovoltaic devices using block copolymers. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:4304-4309. [PMID: 25059670 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201400956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Controlled density semiconducting oxide arrays are highly desirable for matching nanometer length scales specific to emerging applications. This work demonstrates a facile one-step method for templating hydrothermal growth which provides arrays with high-fidelity tuning of nanorod spacing and diameter. This solution-based method leverages the selective swelling of block copolymer micelle templates, which can be rationally designed by tuning molecular weight and volume fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice I Pelligra
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, 9 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
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19
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Park WI, Kim JM, Jeong JW, Jung YS. Deep-nanoscale pattern engineering by immersion-induced self-assembly. ACS NANO 2014; 8:10009-18. [PMID: 25302533 DOI: 10.1021/nn504995c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The directed self-assembly (DSA) of block copolymers (BCPs) is expected to complement conventional optical lithography due to its excellent pattern resolution and cost-effectiveness. Recent studies have shown that BCPs with a large Flory-Huggins interaction parameter (χ) are critical for a reduction of the thermodynamic defect density as well as an increase in pattern density. However, due to their slower self-assembly kinetics, high-χ BCPs typically necessitate solvent vapor annealing, which requires complex facilities and procedures compared to simple thermal annealing. Here, we introduce an immersion-triggered directed self-assembly (iDSA) process and demonstrate the combined advantages of excellent simplicity, productivity, large-area capability, and tunability. We show that the vapor-free, simple immersion of high-χ BCPs in a composition-optimized mixture of nonswelling and swelling solvents can induce the ultrafast (≤ 5 min) formation of nanoscale patterns with a pattern size ranging from 8-18 nm. Moreover, iDSA enables the reversible formation of seven different nanostructures from one sphere-forming BCP, demonstrating the outstanding controllability of this self-assembly route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woon Ik Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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20
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Cui G, Fujikawa M, Nagano S, Shimokita K, Miyazaki T, Sakurai S, Yamamoto K. Macroscopic Alignment of Cylinders via Directional Coalescence of Spheres along Annealing Solvent Permeation Directions in Block Copolymer Thick Films. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma501033a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Cui
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Masamichi Fujikawa
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Shusaku Nagano
- Department
of Molecular Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Keisuke Shimokita
- Nitto Denko Corporation, 1-1-2,
Shimohozumi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-8680, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Miyazaki
- Nitto Denko Corporation, 1-1-2,
Shimohozumi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-8680, Japan
| | - Shinichi Sakurai
- Department
of Biobased Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Yamamoto
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
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21
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Mahyari M, Shaabani A, Behbahani M, Bagheri A. Thiol-functionalized fructose-derived nanoporous carbon as a support for gold nanoparticles and its application for aerobic oxidation of alcohols in water. Appl Organomet Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Mahyari
- Department of Chemistry; Shahid Beheshti University; GC, PO Box 19396-4716 Tehran Iran
| | - Ahmad Shaabani
- Department of Chemistry; Shahid Beheshti University; GC, PO Box 19396-4716 Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammad Behbahani
- Department of Chemistry; Shahid Beheshti University; GC, PO Box 19396-4716 Tehran Iran
| | - Akbar Bagheri
- Department of Chemistry; Shahid Beheshti University; GC, PO Box 19396-4716 Tehran Iran
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22
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Plasmonic nanostructures to enhance catalytic performance of zeolites under visible light. Sci Rep 2014; 4:3805. [PMID: 24448225 PMCID: PMC3898204 DOI: 10.1038/srep03805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Light absorption efficiency of heterogeneous catalysts has restricted their photocatalytic capability for commercially important organic synthesis. Here, we report a way of harvesting visible light efficiently to boost zeolite catalysis by means of plasmonic gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) supported on zeolites. Zeolites possess strong Brønsted acids and polarized electric fields created by extra-framework cations. The polarized electric fields can be further intensified by the electric near-field enhancement of Au-NPs, which results from the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) upon visible light irradiation. The acetalization reaction was selected as a showcase performed on MZSM-5 and Au/MZSM-5 (M = H+, Na+, Ca2+, or La3+). The density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirmed that the intensified polarized electric fields played a critical role in stretching the C = O bond of the reactants of benzaldehyde to enlarge their molecular polarities, thus allowing reactants to be activated more efficiently by catalytic centers so as to boost the reaction rates. This discovery should evoke intensive research interest on plasmonic metals and diverse zeolites with an aim to take advantage of sunlight for plasmonic devices, molecular electronics, energy storage, and catalysis.
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23
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Zhang X, Du A, Zhu H, Jia J, Wang J, Ke X. Surface plasmon-enhanced zeolite catalysis under light irradiation and its correlation with molecular polarity of reactants. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:13893-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc03225j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic performance of zeolites can be boosted by the electric near-field enhancement (ENFE) of plasmonic Au-NPs induced by the localised surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) under visible light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingguang Zhang
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanic Engineering
- Queensland University of Technology
- Brisbane, Australia
| | - Aijun Du
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanic Engineering
- Queensland University of Technology
- Brisbane, Australia
| | - Huaiyong Zhu
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanic Engineering
- Queensland University of Technology
- Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jianfeng Jia
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering
- Shanxi Normal University
- Linfen, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of materials-oriented Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Technology
- Nanjing, China
| | - Xuebin Ke
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanic Engineering
- Queensland University of Technology
- Brisbane, Australia
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24
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Ku KH, Kim MP, Paek K, Shin JM, Chung S, Jang SG, Chae WS, Yi GR, Kim BJ. Multicolor emission of hybrid block copolymer-quantum dot microspheres by controlled spatial isolation of quantum dots. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2013; 9:2667-2654. [PMID: 23401329 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201202839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Hee Ku
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology-KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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25
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26
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Liu Z, Chang T, Huang H, He T. Gold nanoparticle arrays assembled on the reconstructed surface of block copolymer thin films. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra43394c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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27
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Wu D, Xu F, Sun B, Fu R, He H, Matyjaszewski K. Design and Preparation of Porous Polymers. Chem Rev 2012; 112:3959-4015. [DOI: 10.1021/cr200440z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1339] [Impact Index Per Article: 111.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dingcai Wu
- Materials Science Institute,
Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of
Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's
Republic of China
| | - Fei Xu
- Materials Science Institute,
Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of
Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's
Republic of China
| | - Bin Sun
- Materials Science Institute,
Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of
Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's
Republic of China
| | - Ruowen Fu
- Materials Science Institute,
Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of
Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's
Republic of China
| | - Hongkun He
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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28
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Kim MP, Kang DJ, Jung DW, Kannan AG, Kim KH, Ku KH, Jang SG, Chae WS, Yi GR, Kim BJ. Gold-decorated block copolymer microspheres with controlled surface nanostructures. ACS NANO 2012; 6:2750-2757. [PMID: 22352689 DOI: 10.1021/nn300194z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Gold-decorated block copolymer microspheres (BCP-microspheres) displaying various surface morphologies were prepared by the infiltration of Au precursors into polystyrene-b-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P4VP) microspheres. The microspheres were fabricated by emulsifying the PS-b-P4VP polymers in chloroform into a surfactant solution in water, followed by the evaporation of chloroform. The selective swelling of the P4VP domains in the microspheres by the Au precursor under acidic conditions resulted in the formation of Au-decorated BCP-microspheres with various surface nanostructures. As evidenced by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements, dotted surface patterns were formed when microspheres smaller than 800 nm were synthesized, whereas fingerprint-like surface patterns were observed with microspheres larger than 800 nm. Au nanoparticles (NPs) were located inside P4VP domains near the surfaces of the prepared microspheres, as confirmed by TEM. The optical properties of the BCP-microspheres were characterized using UV-vis absorption spectroscopy and fluorescence lifetime measurements. A maximum absorption peak was observed at approximately 580 nm, indicating that Au NPs are densely packed into P4VP domains on the microspheres. Our approach for creating Au-NP-hybrid BCP-microspheres can be extended to other NP systems such as iron-oxide or platinum NPs. These precursors can also be selectively incorporated into P4VP domains and induce the formation of hybrid BCP-microspheres with controlled surface nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsoo P Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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29
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Wang Y, Li F. An emerging pore-making strategy: confined swelling-induced pore generation in block copolymer materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2011; 23:2134-48. [PMID: 21469216 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201004022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2010] [Revised: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Block copolymers (BCPs) composed of two or more thermodynamically incompatible homopolymers self-assemble into periodic microdomains. Exposing self-assembled BCPs with solvents selective to one block causes a swelling of the domains composed of this block. Strong swelling in the confinement imposed by the matrix of the other glassy block leads to well-defined porous structures via morphology reconstruction. This confined swelling-induced pore-making process has emerged recently as a new strategy to produce porous materials due to synergic advantages that include extreme simplicity, high pore regularity, involvement of no chemical reactions, no weight loss, reversibility of the pore forming process, etc. The mechanism, kinetics, morphology, and governing parameters of the confined swelling-induced pore-making process in BCP thin films are discussed, and the main applications of nanoporous thin films in the fields of template synthesis, surface patterning, and guidance for the areal arrangements of nanomaterials and biomolecules are summarized. Recent, promising results of extending this mechanism to produce BCP nanofibers or nanotubes and bulk materials with well-defined porosity, which makes this strategy also attractive to researchers outside the nanocommunity, are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, PR China.
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30
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Ganapati V, Fenning DP, Bertoni MI, Kendrick CE, Fecych AE, Redwing JM, Buonassisi T. Seeding of silicon wire growth by out-diffused metal precipitates. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2011; 7:563-567. [PMID: 21370455 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201002250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Ganapati
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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31
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Takenaka M, Aburaya S, Akasaka S, Hasegawa H, Hadjichristidis N, Sakellariou G, Tada Y, Yoshida H. Formation of long-range stripe patterns with sub-10-nm half-pitch from directed self-assembly of block copolymer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.22115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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