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Haslinger MJ, Sivun D, Pöhl H, Munkhbat B, Mühlberger M, Klar TA, Scharber MC, Hrelescu C. Plasmon-Assisted Direction- and Polarization-Sensitive Organic Thin-Film Detector. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10091866. [PMID: 32957705 PMCID: PMC7559313 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Utilizing Bragg surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) on metal nanostructures for the use in optical devices has been intensively investigated in recent years. Here, we demonstrate the integration of nanostructured metal electrodes into an ITO-free thin film bulk heterojunction organic solar cell, by direct fabrication on a nanoimprinted substrate. The nanostructured device shows interesting optical and electrical behavior, depending on angle and polarization of incidence and the side of excitation. Remarkably, for incidence through the top electrode, a dependency on linear polarization and angle of incidence can be observed. We show that these peculiar characteristics can be attributed to the excitation of dispersive and non-dispersive Bragg SPPs on the metal–dielectric interface on the top electrode and compare it with incidence through the bottom electrode. Furthermore, the optical and electrical response can be controlled by the organic photoactive material, the nanostructures, the materials used for the electrodes and the epoxy encapsulation. Our device can be used as a detector, which generates a direct electrical readout and therefore enables the measuring of the angle of incidence of up to 60° or the linear polarization state of light, in a spectral region, which is determined by the active material. Our results could furthermore lead to novel organic Bragg SPP-based sensor for a number of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Haslinger
- PROFACTOR GmbH, Functional Surfaces and Nanostructures, 4407 Steyr-Gleink, Austria;
- Institute of Applied Physics, Johannes Kepler University, 4040 Linz, Austria; (D.S.); (H.P.); (B.M.); (T.A.K.); (C.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-7252-885-422
| | - Dmitry Sivun
- Institute of Applied Physics, Johannes Kepler University, 4040 Linz, Austria; (D.S.); (H.P.); (B.M.); (T.A.K.); (C.H.)
- School of Medical Engineering and Applied Social Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Garnisonstraße 21, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Hannes Pöhl
- Institute of Applied Physics, Johannes Kepler University, 4040 Linz, Austria; (D.S.); (H.P.); (B.M.); (T.A.K.); (C.H.)
| | - Battulga Munkhbat
- Institute of Applied Physics, Johannes Kepler University, 4040 Linz, Austria; (D.S.); (H.P.); (B.M.); (T.A.K.); (C.H.)
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Michael Mühlberger
- PROFACTOR GmbH, Functional Surfaces and Nanostructures, 4407 Steyr-Gleink, Austria;
| | - Thomas A. Klar
- Institute of Applied Physics, Johannes Kepler University, 4040 Linz, Austria; (D.S.); (H.P.); (B.M.); (T.A.K.); (C.H.)
| | - Markus C. Scharber
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells/Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University, 4040 Linz, Austria;
| | - Calin Hrelescu
- Institute of Applied Physics, Johannes Kepler University, 4040 Linz, Austria; (D.S.); (H.P.); (B.M.); (T.A.K.); (C.H.)
- School of Physics and CRANN, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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2
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Li J, Han D, Zeng J, Deng J, Hu N, Yang J. Multi-channel surface plasmon resonance biosensor using prism-based wavelength interrogation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:14007-14017. [PMID: 32403864 DOI: 10.1364/oe.389226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A portable multi-channel surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor device using prism-based wavelength interrogation is presented. LEDs were adopted as a simple and inexpensive light source, providing a stable spectrum bandwidth for the SPR system. The parallel light was obtained by a collimated unit and illuminated on the sensing chip at a specific angle. A simple, compact and cost-effective spectrometer part constituted of a series of lenses and a prism was designed for the collection of reflected light. Using the multi-channel microfluidic chip as the sensing component, spectral images of multiple tests could be acquired simultaneously, improving the signal processing and detection throughput. Different concentrations of sodium chloride aqueous solution were used to calibrate the device. The linear detection range was 4.32 × 10-2 refractive index units (RIU) and the limit of detection was 6.38 × 10-5 RIU. Finally, the performance of the miniaturized SPR system was evaluated by the detection of immunoglobulin G (IgG).
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3
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Palinski TJ, Hunter GW, Tadimety A, Zhang JXJ. Metallic photonic crystal-based sensor for cryogenic environments. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:16344-16359. [PMID: 31163813 PMCID: PMC6825614 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.016344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the design, characterization, and application of metallic photonic crystal (MPC) structures, consisting of plasmonic gold nanogratings on top of a photonic waveguide, as transducers for lab-on-chip biosensing in cryogenic environments. The compact design offers a promising approach to sensitive, in situ biosensing platforms for astrobiology applications (e.g., on the "icy moons" of the outer solar system). We fabricated and experimentally characterized three MPC sensor geometries, with variable nanograting width, at temperatures ranging from 300 K to 180 K. Sensors with wider nanogratings were more sensitive to changes in the local dielectric environment. Temperature-dependent experiments revealed an increase in plasmonic resonance intensity of around 13% at 180 K (compared with 300 K), while the coupled plasmonic-photonic resonance was less sensitive to temperature, varying by less than 5%. Simulation results confirm the relative temperature stability of the plasmonic-photonic mode and, combined with its high sensitivity, suggest a novel application of this mode as the sensing transduction mechanism over wide temperature ranges. To our knowledge, this is among the first reports of the design and characterization of a nanoplasmonic sensor specifically for low-temperature sensing operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. Palinski
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
- NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA
| | - Gary W. Hunter
- NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA
| | - Amogha Tadimety
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - John X. J. Zhang
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
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4
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Shakoor A, Grant J, Grande M, Cumming DRS. Towards Portable Nanophotonic Sensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E1715. [PMID: 30974832 PMCID: PMC6479635 DOI: 10.3390/s19071715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A range of nanophotonic sensors composed of different materials and device configurations have been developed over the past two decades. These sensors have achieved high performance in terms of sensitivity and detection limit. The size of onchip nanophotonic sensors is also small and they are regarded as a strong candidate to provide the next generation sensors for a range of applications including chemical and biosensing for point-of-care diagnostics. However, the apparatus used to perform measurements of nanophotonic sensor chips is bulky, expensive and requires experts to operate them. Thus, although integrated nanophotonic sensors have shown high performance and are compact themselves their practical applications are limited by the lack of a compact readout system required for their measurements. To achieve the aim of using nanophotonic sensors in daily life it is important to develop nanophotonic sensors which are not only themselves small, but their readout system is also portable, compact and easy to operate. Recognizing the need to develop compact readout systems for onchip nanophotonic sensors, different groups around the globe have started to put efforts in this direction. This review article discusses different works carried out to develop integrated nanophotonic sensors with compact readout systems, which are divided into two categories; onchip nanophotonic sensors with monolithically integrated readout and onchip nanophotonic sensors with separate but compact readout systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Shakoor
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - James Grant
- School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8LT, UK.
| | - Marco Grande
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica e dell'Informazione, Politecnico di Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy.
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Cao J, Sun Y, Kong Y, Qian W. The Sensitivity of Grating-Based SPR Sensors with Wavelength Interrogation. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E405. [PMID: 30669490 PMCID: PMC6358938 DOI: 10.3390/s19020405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we derive the analytical expression for the sensitivity of grating-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors working in wavelength interrogation. The theoretical analysis shows that the sensitivity increases with increasing wavelength and is saturated beyond a certain wavelength for Au and Ag gratings, while it is almost constant for Al gratings in the wavelength range of 500 to 1000 nm. More importantly, the grating period (P) and the diffraction order (m) dominate the value of sensitivity. Higher sensitivity is possible for SPR sensors with a larger grating period and lower diffraction order. At long wavelengths, a simple expression of P/|m| can be used to estimate the sensor sensitivity. Moreover, we perform experimental measurements of the sensitivity of an SPR sensor based on an Al grating to confirm the theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuan Sun
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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Prabowo BA, Purwidyantri A, Liu KC. Surface Plasmon Resonance Optical Sensor: A Review on Light Source Technology. BIOSENSORS 2018; 8:E80. [PMID: 30149679 PMCID: PMC6163427 DOI: 10.3390/bios8030080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The notion of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor research emerged more than eight decades ago from the first observed phenomena in 1902 until the first introduced principles for gas sensing and biosensing in 1983. The sensing platform has been hand-in-hand with the plethora of sensing technology advancement including nanostructuring, optical technology, fluidic technology, and light source technology, which contribute to substantial progress in SPR sensor evolution. Nevertheless, the commercial products of SPR sensors in the market still require high-cost investment, component, and operation, leading to unaffordability for their implementation in a low-cost point of care (PoC) or laboratories. In this article, we present a comprehensive review of SPR sensor development including the state of the art from a perspective of light source technology trends. Based on our review, the trend of SPR sensor configurations, as well as its methodology and optical designs are strongly influenced by the development of light source technology as a critical component. These simultaneously offer new underlying principles of SPR sensor towards miniaturization, portability, and disposability features. The low-cost solid-state light source technology, such as laser diode, light-emitting diode (LED), organic light emitting diode (OLED) and smartphone display have been reported as proof of concept for the future of low-cost SPR sensor platforms. Finally, this review provides a comprehensive overview, particularly for SPR sensor designers, including emerging engineers or experts in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briliant Adhi Prabowo
- Research Center for Electronics and Telecommunications, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bandung 40135, Indonesia.
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
| | - Agnes Purwidyantri
- Research Unit for Clean Technology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bandung 40135, Indonesia.
| | - Kou-Chen Liu
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan.
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan.
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7
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Sun Y, Sun S, Wu M, Gao S, Cao J. Refractive index sensing using the metal layer in DVD-R discs. RSC Adv 2018; 8:27423-27428. [PMID: 35539963 PMCID: PMC9083446 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03191f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, grating based bio-sensors have received much attention due to their promising applications in integrated sensing devices. However, production of high quality, large scale and low cost metal gratings is still challenging. Here, we introduce an extremely simple and low cost method to fabricate metal gratings by peeling off the metal layer from a DVD-R disc. An atomic force microscope image shows that the metal layer is a high quality grating, the period and depth of which are 740 nm and 86 nm, respectively. Based on the fabricated metal grating, refractive index sensing is experimentally achieved using two configurations, where either the resonant wavelength or the modulated laser power is measured. The sensitivity of the sensor by wavelength modulation reaches as high as 637 nmRIU−1, which is comparable with or even higher than that of the existing grating coupled sensors. Our method largely reduces the cost to fabricate high quality metal gratings and will promote the development of grating based SPR sensors. Here, we introduce an extremely simple and low cost method to fabricate metal gratings by peeling off the metal layer from a DVD-R disc.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Sun
- School of Science
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- China
| | - Shaowei Sun
- School of Science
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- China
| | - Meng Wu
- School of Science
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- China
| | - Shumei Gao
- School of Science
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- China
| | - Jianjun Cao
- School of Science
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- China
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8
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Tokel O, Yildiz UH, Inci F, Durmus NG, Ekiz OO, Turker B, Cetin C, Rao S, Sridhar K, Natarajan N, Shafiee H, Dana A, Demirci U. Portable microfluidic integrated plasmonic platform for pathogen detection. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9152. [PMID: 25801042 PMCID: PMC4371189 DOI: 10.1038/srep09152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Timely detection of infectious agents is critical in early diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. Conventional pathogen detection methods, such as enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), culturing or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) require long assay times, and complex and expensive instruments, which are not adaptable to point-of-care (POC) needs at resource-constrained as well as primary care settings. Therefore, there is an unmet need to develop simple, rapid, and accurate methods for detection of pathogens at the POC. Here, we present a portable, multiplex, inexpensive microfluidic-integrated surface plasmon resonance (SPR) platform that detects and quantifies bacteria, i.e., Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) rapidly. The platform presented reliable capture and detection of E. coli at concentrations ranging from ~10(5) to 3.2 × 10(7) CFUs/mL in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) fluid. The multiplexing and specificity capability of the platform was also tested with S. aureus samples. The presented platform technology could potentially be applicable to capture and detect other pathogens at the POC and primary care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Tokel
- Demirci Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Umit Hakan Yildiz
- Demirci Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Fatih Inci
- Demirci Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Naside Gozde Durmus
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Okan Oner Ekiz
- UNAM Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Burak Turker
- UNAM Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Can Cetin
- Demirci Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shruthi Rao
- Demirci Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kaushik Sridhar
- Demirci Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nalini Natarajan
- Demirci Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hadi Shafiee
- Demirci Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aykutlu Dana
- UNAM Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Demirci Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Demirci Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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9
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Perino M, Pasqualotto E, Scaramuzza M, De Toni A, Paccagnella A. Enhancement and control of surface plasmon resonance sensitivity using grating in conical mounting configuration. OPTICS LETTERS 2015; 40:221-224. [PMID: 25679849 DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.000221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this work we propose a method to enhance and control the angular sensitivity of a grating coupled surface plasmon resonance (GCSPR) sensor. We lighted a silver grating, mounted in conical configuration, with a laser source and we measured the transmittance of the grating as a function of the azimuthal angle. To evaluate the sensitivity, grating surface was functionalized with four different alkanethiol self assembled monolayers (SAM) and the correspondent azimuthal transmittance peak shifts were measured. The sensitivity control was performed by simply change the light incident angle. This method offers the possibility to design dynamic GCSPR sensor benches that can be used to amplify the SPR angle shift at any step of a biological detection process.
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10
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Perino M, Pasqualotto E, De Toni A, Garoli D, Scaramuzza M, Zilio P, Ongarello T, Paccagnella A, Romanato F. Development of a complete plasmonic grating-based sensor and its application for self-assembled monolayer detection. APPLIED OPTICS 2014; 53:5969-5976. [PMID: 25321677 DOI: 10.1364/ao.53.005969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This work presents an integrated plasmonic biosensing device consisting of a one-dimensional metallic lamellar grating designed to exploit extraordinary transmission of light toward an underlying silicon photodetector. By means of finite element simulations, the grating parameters have been optimized to maximize the light transmission variation induced by the functionalization of the gold nanostructures. An optimized grating was fabricated using an electron beam process and an optoelectronic test bench suitable for sample tests was developed. A clear difference in the grating transmitted light due to surface functionalization was observed in presence of TM polarized illumination.
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Jia P, Jiang H, Sabarinathan J, Yang J. Plasmonic nanohole array sensors fabricated by template transfer with improved optical performance. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 24:195501. [PMID: 23579785 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/19/195501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Surface plasmon resonance sensors of the nanohole array type provide a promising platform for label-free biosensing on surfaces. For their extensive use, an efficient fabrication procedure to make nanoscale features on metallic films is required. We develop a simple and robust template-transfer approach to structure periodic nanohole arrays in optically thick Au films on poly(dimethylsiloxane) substrates. This technique significantly simplifies the process of sensor fabrication and reduces the cost of the device. A spectral analysis approach is also developed for improving the sensor performance. The sensitivity of the resulting sensor to refractive index change is 522 nm/RIU (refractive index unit) and the resolution is improved to 2 × 10(-5) RIU, which are among the best reported values for localized surface plasmon resonance sensors. We also demonstrate the limit of detection of this sensor for cardiac troponin-I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Jia
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, Faculty of Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
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12
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Wang S, Inci F, Chaunzwa TL, Ramanujam A, Vasudevan A, Subramanian S, Chi Fai Ip A, Sridharan B, Gurkan UA, Demirci U. Portable microfluidic chip for detection of Escherichia coli in produce and blood. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:2591-600. [PMID: 22679370 PMCID: PMC3368510 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s29629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic agents can lead to severe clinical outcomes such as food poisoning, infection of open wounds, particularly in burn injuries and sepsis. Rapid detection of these pathogens can monitor these infections in a timely manner improving clinical outcomes. Conventional bacterial detection methods, such as agar plate culture or polymerase chain reaction, are time-consuming and dependent on complex and expensive instruments, which are not suitable for point-of-care (POC) settings. Therefore, there is an unmet need to develop a simple, rapid method for detection of pathogens such as Escherichia coli. Here, we present an immunobased microchip technology that can rapidly detect and quantify bacterial presence in various sources including physiologically relevant buffer solution (phosphate buffered saline [PBS]), blood, milk, and spinach. The microchip showed reliable capture of E. coli in PBS with an efficiency of 71.8% ± 5% at concentrations ranging from 50 to 4,000 CFUs/mL via lipopolysaccharide binding protein. The limits of detection of the microchip for PBS, blood, milk, and spinach samples were 50, 50, 50, and 500 CFUs/mL, respectively. The presented technology can be broadly applied to other pathogens at the POC, enabling various applications including surveillance of food supply and monitoring of bacteriology in patients with burn wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- ShuQi Wang
- Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine Laboratory, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, USA
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