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Zhao Z, Laps S, Gichtin JS, Metanis N. Selenium chemistry for spatio-selective peptide and protein functionalization. Nat Rev Chem 2024; 8:211-229. [PMID: 38388838 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-024-00579-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The ability to construct a peptide or protein in a spatio-specific manner is of great interest for therapeutic and biochemical research. However, the various functional groups present in peptide sequences and the need to perform chemistry under mild and aqueous conditions make selective protein functionalization one of the greatest synthetic challenges. The fascinating paradox of selenium (Se) - being found in both toxic compounds and also harnessed by nature for essential biochemical processes - has inspired the recent exploration of selenium chemistry for site-selective functionalization of peptides and proteins. In this Review, we discuss such approaches, including metal-free and metal-catalysed transformations, as well as traceless chemical modifications. We report their advantages, limitations and applications, as well as future research avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenguang Zhao
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Shay Laps
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jacob S Gichtin
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Norman Metanis
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
- Casali Center for Applied Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
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2
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Salmain M, Gaschard M, Baroud M, Lepeltier E, Jaouen G, Passirani C, Vessières A. Thioredoxin Reductase and Organometallic Complexes: A Pivotal System to Tackle Multidrug Resistant Tumors? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4448. [PMID: 37760418 PMCID: PMC10526406 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancers classified as multidrug-resistant (MDR) are a family of diseases with poor prognosis despite access to increasingly sophisticated treatments. Several mechanisms explain these resistances involving both tumor cells and their microenvironment. It is now recognized that a multi-targeting approach offers a promising strategy to treat these MDR tumors. Inhibition of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), a key enzyme in maintaining redox balance in cells, is a well-identified target for this approach. Auranofin was the first inorganic gold complex to be described as a powerful inhibitor of TrxR. In this review, we will first recall the main results obtained with this metallodrug. Then, we will focus on organometallic complexes reported as TrxR inhibitors. These include gold(I), gold(III) complexes and metallocifens, i.e., organometallic complexes of Fe and Os derived from tamoxifen. In these families of complexes, similarities and differences in the molecular mechanisms of TrxR inhibition will be highlighted. Finally, the possible relationship between TrxR inhibition and cytotoxicity will be discussed and put into perspective with their mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michèle Salmain
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France; (M.S.); (M.G.); (G.J.); (A.V.)
| | - Marie Gaschard
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France; (M.S.); (M.G.); (G.J.); (A.V.)
| | - Milad Baroud
- Micro & Nanomedecines Translationnelles (MINT), University of Angers, Inserm, The National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), SFR ICAT, F-49000 Angers, France; (M.B.); (E.L.)
| | - Elise Lepeltier
- Micro & Nanomedecines Translationnelles (MINT), University of Angers, Inserm, The National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), SFR ICAT, F-49000 Angers, France; (M.B.); (E.L.)
| | - Gérard Jaouen
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France; (M.S.); (M.G.); (G.J.); (A.V.)
| | - Catherine Passirani
- Micro & Nanomedecines Translationnelles (MINT), University of Angers, Inserm, The National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), SFR ICAT, F-49000 Angers, France; (M.B.); (E.L.)
| | - Anne Vessières
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France; (M.S.); (M.G.); (G.J.); (A.V.)
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Babu T, Ghareeb H, Basu U, Schueffl H, Theiner S, Heffeter P, Koellensperger G, Metanis N, Gandin V, Ott I, Schmidt C, Gibson D. Oral Anticancer Heterobimetallic Pt IV -Au I Complexes Show High In Vivo Activity and Low Toxicity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217233. [PMID: 36628505 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
AuI -carbene and PtIV -AuI -carbene prodrugs display low to sub-μM activity against several cancer cell lines and overcome cisplatin (cisPt) resistance. Linking a cisPt-derived PtIV (phenylbutyrate) complex to a AuI -phenylimidazolylidene complex 2, yielded the most potent prodrug. While in vivo tests against Lewis Lung Carcinoma showed that the prodrug PtIV (phenylbutyrate)-AuI -carbene (7) and the 1 : 1 : 1 co-administration of cisPt: phenylbutyrate:2 efficiently inhibited tumor growth (≈95 %), much better than 2 (75 %) or cisPt (84 %), 7 exhibited only 5 % body weight loss compared to 14 % for 2, 20 % for cisPt and >30 % for the co-administration. 7 was much more efficient than 2 at inhibiting TrxR activity in the isolated enzyme, in cells and in the tumor, even though it was much less efficient than 2 at binding to selenocysteine peptides modeling the active site of TrxR. Organ distribution and laser-ablation (LA)-ICP-TOFMS imaging suggest that 7 arrives intact at the tumor and is activated there.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomer Babu
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Hiba Ghareeb
- Institute of Chemistry, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Casali Center for Applied Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Uttara Basu
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hemma Schueffl
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Austria
| | - Sarah Theiner
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Austria
| | | | - Norman Metanis
- Institute of Chemistry, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Casali Center for Applied Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Valentina Gandin
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Universita di Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Ingo Ott
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Claudia Schmidt
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Dan Gibson
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
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4
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Selenol (-SeH) as a target for mercury and gold in biological systems: Contributions of mass spectrometry and atomic spectroscopy. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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5
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Speciation Analysis Highlights the Interactions of Auranofin with the Cytoskeleton Proteins of Lung Cancer Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15101285. [PMID: 36297397 PMCID: PMC9610265 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Two types of lung cells (epithelial cancer lung cells, A-549 and lung fibroblasts MRC-5) were exposed to the clinically established gold drug auranofin at concentrations close to the half-maximal inhibitory drug concentrations (IC50). Collected cells were subjected to speciation analysis using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Auranofin showed better affinity toward proteins than DNA, RNA, and hydrophilic small molecular weight compounds. It can bind to proteins that vary in size (~20 kDa, ~75 kDa, and ≥200 kDa) and pI. However, the possibility of dimerization and protein–protein complex formation should also be taken into account. µRPLC/CZE-ESI-MS/MS studies on trypsinized proteins allowed the indication of 76 peptides for which signal intensity was influenced by auranofin presence in cells. Based on it, identity was proposed for 20 proteins. Except for thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), which is directly targeted by gold complex, the proteins were found to be transformed. Five indicated proteins: myosin, plectin, talin, two annexins, and kinase M3K5, are responsible for cell–cell, cell–protein interactions, and cell motility. A wound healing test confirmed their regulation by auranofin as cell migration decreased by 40% while the cell cycle was not interrupted.
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6
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Scattolin T, Pessotto I, Cavarzerani E, Canzonieri V, Orian L, Demitri N, Schmidt C, Casini A, Bortolamiol E, Visentin F, Rizzolio F, Nolan SP. Indenyl and allyl palladate complexes bearing N‐heterocyclic carbene ligands: an easily accessible class of new anticancer drug candidates. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Scattolin
- Ca' Foscari University of Venice: Universita Ca' Foscari Scienze Molecolari Via Torino 155 30037 Mestre ITALY
| | - Ilenia Pessotto
- Ca' Foscari University of Venice: Universita Ca' Foscari Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi ITALY
| | - Enrico Cavarzerani
- Ca' Foscari University of Venice: Universita Ca' Foscari Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi ITALY
| | | | - Laura Orian
- University of Padova: Universita degli Studi di Padova Scienze Chimiche ITALY
| | - Nicola Demitri
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA elettra sincrotrone ITALY
| | - Claudia Schmidt
- Munich University of Technology: Technische Universitat Munchen Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Angela Casini
- Munich University of Technology: Technische Universitat Munchen Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Enrica Bortolamiol
- Ca'Foscari University of Venice: Universita Ca' Foscari Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi ITALY
| | - Fabiano Visentin
- Ca' Foscari University of Venice: Universita Ca' Foscari Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi ITALY
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Ca' Foscari University of Venice: Universita Ca' Foscari Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi ITALY
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7
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Pradhan AK, Shyam A, Mondal P. Quantum Chemical Investigations on the Hydrolysis of Gold(III)-Based Anticancer Drugs and Their Interaction with Amino Acid Residues. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:28084-28097. [PMID: 34723008 PMCID: PMC8552358 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive hydrolysis mechanism of the promising class of Au(III) anticancer drugs [Au(DMDT)Cl2] (DMDT = N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamate) (R) and [Au(damp)Cl2] (damp = 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]phenyl) (R') was done by means of density functional theory (DFT) in combination with the CPCM solvation model to explore the solution behavior and stability under physiological conditions. The activation free energies (ΔG) for the second hydrolysis, R (13.7 kcal/mol) and R' (10.0 kcal/mol) are found to be relatively lower in comparison to the first hydrolysis, and their rate constant values are computed to be 5.62 × 102 and 2.90 × 105 s-1, respectively. Besides these, the interaction mechanisms of aquated R and R' with the potential protein-binding sites cysteine (Cys) and selenocysteine (Sec) were also investigated in detail. The kinetic study and activation Gibbs free energy profiles reveal that the aquated complexes of R and R' bind more effectively to the Se site of Sec than to the S site of Cys. Intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonding play a pivotal role in stabilizing the intermediates and transition states involved in the ligand substitution reactions of R and R'. Natural population analysis (NPA) was done to determine the charge distributions on important atoms during the hydrolysis and ligand substitution reactions.
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8
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van der Westhuizen D, Bezuidenhout DI, Munro OQ. Cancer molecular biology and strategies for the design of cytotoxic gold(I) and gold(III) complexes: a tutorial review. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:17413-17437. [PMID: 34693422 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02783b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This tutorial review highlights key principles underpinning the design of selected metallodrugs to target specific biological macromolecules (DNA and proteins). The review commences with a descriptive overview of the eukaryotic cell cycle and the molecular biology of cancer, particularly apoptosis, which is provided as a necessary foundation for the discovery, design, and targeting of metal-based anticancer agents. Drugs which target DNA have been highlighted and clinically approved metallodrugs discussed. A brief history of the development of mainly gold-based metallodrugs is presented prior to addressing ligand systems for stabilizing and adding functionality to bio-active gold(I) and gold(III) complexes, particularly in the burgeoning field of anticancer metallodrugs. Concepts such as multi-modal and selective cytotoxic agents are covered where necessary for selected compounds. The emerging role of carbenes as the ligand system of choice to achieve these goals for gold-based metallodrug candidates is highlighted prior to closing the review with comments on some future directions that this research field might follow. The latter section ultimately emphasizes the importance of understanding the fate of metal complexes in cells to garner key mechanistic insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle van der Westhuizen
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa.
| | - Daniela I Bezuidenhout
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, University of Oulu, P. O. Box 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland.
| | - Orde Q Munro
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa.
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9
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Babak MV, Chong KR, Rapta P, Zannikou M, Tang HM, Reichert L, Chang MR, Kushnarev V, Heffeter P, Meier‐Menches SM, Lim ZC, Yap JY, Casini A, Balyasnikova IV, Ang WH. Interfering with Metabolic Profile of Triple‐Negative Breast Cancers Using Rationally Designed Metformin Prodrugs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202102266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria V. Babak
- Drug Discovery Lab Department of Chemistry City University of Hong Kong 83 Tat Chee Avenue 999077 Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
| | - Kai Ren Chong
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 2 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Peter Rapta
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemistry Physics Slovak Technical University of Technology Radlinského 9 82137 Bratislava Slovak Republic
| | - Markella Zannikou
- Department of Neurological Surgery The Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago IL 60611 USA
| | - Hui Min Tang
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 2 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Lisa Reichert
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 2 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Meng Rui Chang
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 2 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Vladimir Kushnarev
- FSBI “National Medical Research Center of Oncology, named after N.N Petrov” Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation 68 Leningradskaya Street, Pesochny 197758 St Petersburg Russian Federation
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center Department of Medicine I Medical University of Vienna Borschkegasse 8a 1090 Vienna Austria
| | | | - Zhi Chiaw Lim
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 2 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Jian Yu Yap
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 2 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Angela Casini
- Department of Chemistry Technical University of Munich Lichtenbergstr. 4 85748 Garching, München Germany
| | - Irina V. Balyasnikova
- Department of Neurological Surgery The Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago IL 60611 USA
| | - Wee Han Ang
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 2 117543 Singapore Singapore
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10
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Babak MV, Chong KR, Rapta P, Zannikou M, Tang HM, Reichert L, Chang MR, Kushnarev V, Heffeter P, Meier-Menches SM, Lim ZC, Yap JY, Casini A, Balyasnikova IV, Ang WH. Interfering with Metabolic Profile of Triple-Negative Breast Cancers Using Rationally Designed Metformin Prodrugs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:13405-13413. [PMID: 33755286 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer, characterized by an aberrant metabolic phenotype with high metastatic capacity, resulting in poor patient prognoses and low survival rates. We designed a series of novel AuIII cyclometalated prodrugs of energy-disrupting Type II antidiabetic drugs namely, metformin and phenformin. Prodrug activation and release of the metformin ligand was achieved by tuning the cyclometalated AuIII fragment. The lead complex 3met was 6000-fold more cytotoxic compared to uncoordinated metformin and significantly reduced tumor burden in mice with aggressive breast cancers with lymphocytic infiltration into tumor tissues. These effects was ascribed to 3met interfering with energy production in TNBCs and inhibiting associated pro-survival responses to induce deadly metabolic catastrophe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Babak
- Drug Discovery Lab, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Kai Ren Chong
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peter Rapta
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemistry Physics, Slovak Technical University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 82137, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Markella Zannikou
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Hui Min Tang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lisa Reichert
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Meng Rui Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vladimir Kushnarev
- FSBI "National Medical Research Center of Oncology, named after N.N Petrov", Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 68 Leningradskaya Street, Pesochny, 197758, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Samuel M Meier-Menches
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Zhi Chiaw Lim
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jian Yu Yap
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Angela Casini
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching, München, Germany
| | - Irina V Balyasnikova
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Wee Han Ang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
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Guarra F, Pratesi A, Gabbiani C, Biver T. A focus on the biological targets for coinage metal-NHCs as potential anticancer complexes. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 217:111355. [PMID: 33596529 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Metal complexes of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands are the object of increasing attention for therapeutic purposes. Among the different metal centres, interest on Au-based compounds started with the application as anti-arthritis drugs. On the other hand, Ag(I) antimicrobial properties have been known for a long time. For Au(I)/Au(III)-NHC and Ag(I)-NHC anti-tumour and anti-proliferative properties have been quite recently demonstrated. In addition to these and as for Group 11, copper is a much less investigated metal centre, but a few papers underline its pharmacological potential. This review wants to focus on the different biological targets for these metal-based compounds. It is divided into chapters which are respectively devoted on: i) mitochondria and thiol oxidoreductase systems; ii) other relevant enzymes; iii) nucleic acids. Examples of representative coinage NHCs for each of the targets are provided together with significant references on recent advances on the topic. Moreover, a final comment summarises the aspects enlightened by each chapter and provides some hints to better understand the metal-NHCs mechanistic behaviour based on structure-activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Guarra
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Pratesi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Gabbiani
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Tarita Biver
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy; Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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12
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Koh WX, Gomez AP, Lee J, Mohameed JBH, Leong WK. Relative reactivity of the dinuclear ruthenium complex [CpRu(CO)2]2 with diphenylselenyl sulphide and diphenyl disulphide. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2021.100159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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13
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Koh WX, Coppo L, Holmgren A, Kong JW, Leong WK. Inhibition of Thioredoxin Reductase by Triosmium Carbonyl Clusters. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:2441-2445. [PMID: 32786549 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Tumor cells are characterized by increased reactive oxygen species production in parallel with an enhanced antioxidant system to avoid oxidative damage. The inhibition of antioxidant systems is an effective way to kill cancer cells, and the thioredoxin system or, more specifically, the cytosolic selenocysteine-containing enzyme thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) has become an interesting target for cancer therapy. We show here that the known cytotoxic and apoptosis-inducing osmium carbonyl cluster Os3(CO)10(NCCH3)2 (1) is a nonsubstrate inhibitor of mammalian TrxR, with an IC50 of 5.3 ± 0.9 μM. It inhibits TrxR selectively over the closely related glutathione reductase (GR) and in the presence of excess reduced glutathione (GSH). This inhibition has also been demonstrated in cell lysates, suggesting that TrxR inhibition is a potential apoptotic pathway for 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiang Koh
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Lucia Coppo
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, MBB/Biokemi-Floor 9A, Solnavägen 9, SE-17165 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arne Holmgren
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, MBB/Biokemi-Floor 9A, Solnavägen 9, SE-17165 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jia Wen Kong
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Weng Kee Leong
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
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14
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Ašanin DP, Stanojević IM, Andrejević TP, Glišić BĐ, Djuran MI. Reactions of gold(III) complexes with l-histidine-containing dipeptides: influence of chelated ligand and N-terminal amino acid on the rate of peptide coordination. J COORD CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2020.1817415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Darko P. Ašanin
- Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, Department of Science, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | | | - Tina P. Andrejević
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Biljana Đ. Glišić
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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15
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Odachowski M, Marschner C, Blom B. A review on 1,1-bis(diphenylphosphino)methane bridged homo- and heterobimetallic complexes for anticancer applications: Synthesis, structure, and cytotoxicity. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 204:112613. [PMID: 32784095 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we review developments in synthesis, structure, and biological (anti-cancer) activities of 1,1-bis(diphenylphosphino)methane (dppm) bridged homo- and heterobimetallic systems of the type LmM(μ2-dppm)M'Ln (M and M' are transition metals which may be different or the same and Ln,m are co-ligands) since the first such reported bimetallic system in 1987 until the present time (2020). As the simplest diphosphine, dppm enables facile formation of bimetallic complexes, where, given the short spacer between the PPh2 groups, close spatial proximity of the metal centres is ensured. We concentrate on complexes bearing no M-M interaction and contrast biological activities of these complexes with mononuclear counterparts and positive control agents such as cisplatin, in an attempt to elucidate patterns in the biological activities of these complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matylda Odachowski
- Maastricht Science Programme, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Kapoenstraat 2, PO Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Christoph Marschner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Burgert Blom
- Maastricht Science Programme, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Kapoenstraat 2, PO Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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16
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Gallati CM, Goetzfried SK, Ausserer M, Sagasser J, Plangger M, Wurst K, Hermann M, Baecker D, Kircher B, Gust R. Synthesis, characterization and biological activity of bromido[3-ethyl-4-aryl-5-(2-methoxypyridin-5-yl)-1-propyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-ylidene]gold(i) complexes. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:5471-5481. [PMID: 32255443 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04824c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bromido[3-ethyl-4-aryl-5-(2-methoxypyridin-5-yl)-1-propyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-ylidene]gold(i) complexes (8a-h) with methoxy, methyl and fluorine substituents at different positions of the 4-aryl ring were synthesized and characterized. The relevance of the 2-methoxypyridin-5-yl residue and the substituents at the 4-aryl ring with regard to the activity against a series of cell lines was determined. Particularly against the Cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cell line A2780cis, the most active bromido[3-ethyl-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-(2-methoxypyridin-5-yl)-1-propyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-ylidene]gold(i) complex 8c was more active than Auranofin. It also inhibited thioredoxin reductase more effectively and induced high amounts of reactive oxygen species in A2780cis cells. Furthermore, its influence on non-cancerous SV 80 lung fibroblasts was lower than that of Auranofin. This fact, together with a high accumulation rate in tumor cells, determined on the example of MCF-7 cells, makes this complex an interesting candidate for further extensive studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M Gallati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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17
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Conjugates of Gold Nanoparticles and Antitumor Gold(III) Complexes as a Tool for Their AFM and SERS Detection in Biological Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246306. [PMID: 31847177 PMCID: PMC6940825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrate-capped gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were functionalized with three distinct antitumor gold(III) complexes, e.g., [Au(N,N)(OH)2][PF6], where (N,N)=2,2'-bipyridine; [Au(C,N)(AcO)2], where (C,N)=deprotonated 6-(1,1-dimethylbenzyl)-pyridine; [Au(C,N,N)(OH)][PF6], where (C,N,N)=deprotonated 6-(1,1-dimethylbenzyl)-2,2'-bipyridine, to assess the chance of tracking their subcellular distribution by atomic force microscopy (AFM), and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) techniques. An extensive physicochemical characterization of the formed conjugates was, thus, carried out by applying a variety of methods (density functional theory-DFT, UV/Vis spectrophotometry, AFM, Raman spectroscopy, and SERS). The resulting gold(III) complexes/AuNPs conjugates turned out to be pretty stable. Interestingly, they exhibited a dramatically increased resonance intensity in the Raman spectra induced by AuNPs. For testing the use of the functionalized AuNPs for biosensing, their distribution in the nuclear, cytosolic, and membrane cell fractions obtained from human lymphocytes was investigated by AFM and SERS. The conjugates were detected in the membrane and nuclear cell fractions but not in the cytosol. The AFM method confirmed that conjugates induced changes in the morphology and nanostructure of the membrane and nuclear fractions. The obtained results point out that the conjugates formed between AuNPs and gold(III) complexes may be used as a tool for tracking metallodrug distribution in the different cell fractions.
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18
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Discovery and evaluation of inhibitory activity and mechanism of arylcoumarin derivatives on Theileria annulata enolase by in vitro and molecular docking studies. Mol Divers 2019; 24:1149-1164. [PMID: 31754915 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-019-10018-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the inhibition potential of 3- and 4-arylcoumarin derivatives on Theileria annulata enolase (TaENO) was assessed for the first time in the literature. Firstly, protein stabilization analyses of TaENO were performed and it was found that the enzyme remains stable with the addition of 6 M ethylene glycol at + 4 °C. Inhibitor screening analyses were carried out using 25 coumarin derivatives on highly purified TaENO (> 95%), and four coumarin derivatives [4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-6,7-dihydroxy-2H-chromen-2-one (C8); 4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7,8 dihydroxy-2H-chromen-2-one (C9); 4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-6,7-dihydroxy-2H-chromen-2 one (C21); and 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7,8-dihydroxy-2H-chromen-2-one (C23)] showed the highest inhibitory effects with the IC50 values of 10.450, 13.170, 8.871 and 10.863 µM, respectively. The kinetic results indicated that these compounds inhibited the enzyme by uncompetitive inhibition. In addition, the successful binding of the most potent inhibitor (C21) into TaENO was confirmed by using MALDI-TOF mass spectrophotometry. Molecular docking analyses have predicted that C8 and C21 coumarin derivatives which showed high inhibitory effects on TaENO were interacted with high affinity to the potential regions out of the active site. Taken together, these coumarin derivatives (C8, C9, C21 and C23) are first known potent, nonsubstrate, uncompetitive inhibitors of TaENO and these results will facilitate further in vitro and in vivo analysis toward structure-based drug design studies.
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Meier-Menches SM, Aikman B, Döllerer D, Klooster WT, Coles SJ, Santi N, Luk L, Casini A, Bonsignore R. Comparative biological evaluation and G-quadruplex interaction studies of two new families of organometallic gold(I) complexes featuring N-heterocyclic carbene and alkynyl ligands. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 202:110844. [PMID: 31739113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Experimental organometallic gold(I) compounds hold promise for anticancer therapy. This study reports the synthesis of two novel families of gold(I) complexes, including N1-substituted bis-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes of general formula [Au(N1-TBM)2]BF4 (N1-TBM = N1-substituted 9-methyltheobromin-8-ylidene) and mixed gold(I) NHC-alkynyl complexes, [Au(N1-TBM)alkynyl]. The compounds were fully characterised for their structure and stability in aqueous environment and in the presence of N-acetyl cysteine by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The structures of bis(1-ethyl-3,7,9-trimethylxanthin-8-ylidene)gold(I), (4-ethynylpyridine)(1,9-dimethyltheobromine-8-ylidene)gold(I) and of (2,8-Diethyl-10-(4-ethynylphenyl)-5,5-difluoro-1,3,7,9-tetramethyl-5H-4λ4,5λ4-dipyrrolo[1,2-c:2',1'-f][1,3,2]diazaborinine)(1,3,7,9-tetramethylxanthin-8-ylidene)gold(I) were also confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. The compounds were studied for their properties as DNA G-quadruplex (G4 s) stabilizers by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) DNA melting. Only the cationic [Au(N1-TBM)2]BF4 family showed moderate G4 stabilization properties with respect to the previously reported benchmark compound [Au(9-methylcaffein-8-ylidene)2]+ (AuTMX2). However, the compounds also showed marked selectivity for binding to G4 structures with respect to duplex DNA in competition experiments. For selected complexes, the interactions with G4 s were also confirmed by circular dichroism (CD) studies. Furthermore, the gold(I) complexes were assessed for their antiproliferative effects in human cancer cells in vitro, displaying moderate activity. Of note, among the mixed gold(I) NHC-alkynyl compounds, one features a fluorescent boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) moiety which allowed determining its uptake into the cytoplasm of cancer cells by fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel M Meier-Menches
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF103AT, United Kingdom
| | - Brech Aikman
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF103AT, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Döllerer
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF103AT, United Kingdom
| | - Wim T Klooster
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J Coles
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolò Santi
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF103AT, United Kingdom
| | - Louis Luk
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF103AT, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Casini
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF103AT, United Kingdom; Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Riccardo Bonsignore
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF103AT, United Kingdom.
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20
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Mansour AM, Shehab OR. Pyridylbenzimidazole-Based Gold(III) Complexes: Lysozyme Metalation, DNA Binding Studies, and Biological Activity. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Mansour
- Chemistry Department; Faculty of Science, Gamma Street, Giza; Cairo University; 12613 Cairo Egypt
| | - Ola R. Shehab
- Chemistry Department; Faculty of Science, Gamma Street, Giza; Cairo University; 12613 Cairo Egypt
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21
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Abstract
Many ferrocene complexes have been prepared for their oncological potential. Some derive from molecules with known biological effects (taxanes, podophyllotoxine, artemisine, SAHA, etc.) while others are synthetic molecules selected for their cytotoxic effects (N-alkylaminoferrocenes and ferrocenyl alkylpyridinium). Although these complexes have received a great deal of attention, the field of iron metallodrugs is not limited to them. A number of inorganic complexes of iron(ii) and iron(iii) with possible anticancer effects have also been published, although research into their biological effects is often only at an early stage. This chapter also includes iron chelators, molecules that are administered in non-metallic form but whose cytotoxic species are their coordination complexes of iron generated in vivo. The most emblematic molecule of this family is bleomycin, used as an anticancer agent in many chemotherapies. To these can be added the iron chelates originally synthesized to treat iron overload, some of which have been shown to possess interesting anticancer properties. They have been, and continue to be, the subject of many clinical trials, whether alone or in combination. Thus, the area of iron metallodrugs includes molecules with very different structures and reactivity, studied from a number of different perspectives, but focused on increasing the number of molecules at our disposal for combatting cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Vessieres
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR CNRS 8232 4, Place Jussieu F-75005 Paris France
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22
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Mazzei L, Wenzel MN, Cianci M, Palombo M, Casini A, Ciurli S. Inhibition Mechanism of Urease by Au(III) Compounds Unveiled by X-ray Diffraction Analysis. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:564-570. [PMID: 30996797 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The nickel-dependent enzyme urease is a virulence factor for a large number of critical human pathogens, making this enzyme a potential target of therapeutics for the treatment of resistant bacterial infections. In the search for novel urease inhibitors, five selected coordination and organometallic Au(III) compounds containing N∧N or C∧N and C∧N∧N ligands were tested for their inhibitory effects against Canavalia ensiformis (jack bean) urease. The results showed potent inhibition effects with IC50 values in the nanomolar range. The 2.14 Å resolution crystal structure of Sporosarcina pasteurii urease inhibited by the most effective Au(III) compound [Au(PbImMe)Cl2]PF6 (PbImMe = 1-methyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)-benzimidazole) reveals the presence of two Au ions bound to the conserved triad αCys322/αHis323/αMet367. The binding of the Au ions to these residues blocks the movement of a flap, located at the edge of the active site channel and essential for enzyme catalysis, completely obliterating the catalytic activity of urease. Overall, the obtained results constitute the basis for the design of new gold complexes as selective urease inhibitors with future antibacterial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Mazzei
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Viale Giuseppe Fanin 40, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Margot N. Wenzel
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, CF10 3AT Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Michele Cianci
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche, I-60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Marta Palombo
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Viale Giuseppe Fanin 40, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Angela Casini
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, CF10 3AT Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano Ciurli
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Viale Giuseppe Fanin 40, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
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23
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Abstract
Background:
Since the serendipitous discovery of the antitumor activity of cisplatin
there has been a continuous surge in studies aimed at the development of new cytotoxic
metal complexes. While the majority of these complexes have been designed to interact with
nuclear DNA, other targets for anticancer metallodrugs attract increasing interest. In cancer
cells the mitochondrial metabolism is deregulated. Impaired apoptosis, insensitivity to antigrowth
signals and unlimited proliferation have been linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. It
is therefore not surprising that mitochondria have emerged as a major target for cancer therapy.
Mitochondria-targeting agents are able to bypass resistance mechanisms and to (re-) activate
cell-death programs.
Methods:
Web-based literature searching tools such as SciFinder were used to search for reports
on cytotoxic metal complexes that are taken up by the mitochondria and interact with
mitochondrial DNA or mitochondrial proteins, disrupt the mitochondrial membrane potential,
facilitate mitochondrial membrane permeabilization or activate mitochondria-dependent celldeath
signaling by unbalancing the cellular redox state. Included in the search were publications
investigating strategies to selectively accumulate metallodrugs in the mitochondria.
Results:
This review includes 241 references on antimitochondrial metal complexes, the use
of mitochondria-targeting carrier ligands and the formation of lipophilic cationic complexes.
Conclusion:
Recent developments in the design, cytotoxic potency, and mechanistic understanding
of antimitochondrial metal complexes, in particular of cyclometalated Au, Ru, Ir and
Pt complexes, Ru polypyridine complexes and Au-N-heterocyclic carbene and phosphine
complexes are summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Erxleben
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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24
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Alhazmi HA, Javed SA, Ahsan W, Rehman Z, Al Bratty M, El Deeb S, Saleh SF. Investigation of binding behavior of important metal ions to thioredoxin reductase using mobility-shift affinity capillary electrophoresis: A preliminary insight into the development of new metal-based anticancer drugs. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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25
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Carboni S, Zucca A, Stoccoro S, Maiore L, Arca M, Ortu F, Artner C, Keppler BK, Meier-Menches SM, Casini A, Cinellu MA. New Variations on the Theme of Gold(III) C ∧N ∧N Cyclometalated Complexes as Anticancer Agents: Synthesis and Biological Characterization. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:14852-14865. [PMID: 30457328 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel (C∧N∧N) cyclometalated AuIII complexes of general formula [Au(bipydmb-H)X][PF6] (bipydmb-H = C∧N∧N cyclometalated 6-(1,1-dimethylbenzyl)-2,2'-bipyridine) were prepared with a range of anionic ligands X in the fourth coordination position, featuring C (alkynyl)-, N-, O-, or S-donor atoms. The X ligands are varied in nature and include three coumarins, 4-ethynylaniline, saccharine, and thio-β-d-glucose tetraacetate, the tripeptide glutathione (GSH), and a coumarin-substituted amide derived from 4-ethynylaniline. The gold(I) complex [Au(C2ArNHCOQ)(PPh3)] (HC2ArNHCOQ = N-(4-ethynylphenyl)-2-oxo-2 H-chromene-3-carboxamide) was also prepared for comparison. The new compounds were fully characterized by means of analytical techniques, including NMR, absorption, and emission spectroscopy. The crystal structures of three cyclometalated AuIII complexes and of the AuI derivative were solved by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The antiproliferative activity of the new AuIII cyclometalated derivatives was evaluated against cancer cells in vitro. According to the obtained results, only complexes 3-PF6 and 5-PF6, featuring coumarins as ancillary ligands and endowed with high redox stability in solution, display antiproliferative effects, with 5-PF6 being the most potent, while all of the others are scarcely active to nonactive in the selected cell lines. In order to study the reactivity of the compounds with biomolecules, the interaction of complexes 3-PF6 and 5-PF6 with the protein cytochrome c and the amino acids cysteine and histidine was analyzed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI MS), showing adduct formation only with Cys after at least 1 h incubation. Furthermore, the parent hydroxo complex [Au(bipydmb-H)(OH)][PF6] (1OH-PF6) was investigated in a competitive assay to determine the protein vs oligonucleotide binding preferences by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) coupled to ESI-MS. Of note, the compound was found to selectively form adducts with the oligonucleotide over the protein upon ligand exchange with the hydroxido ligand. Adduct formation occurred within the first 10 min of incubation, demonstrating the preference of 1OH-PF6 for nucleotides in this setup. Overall, the obtained results point toward the possibility to selectively target DNA with gold(III) organometallics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Carboni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia , Università degli Studi di Sassari , via Vienna 2 , 07100 Sassari , Italy
| | - Antonio Zucca
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia , Università degli Studi di Sassari , via Vienna 2 , 07100 Sassari , Italy.,Consorzio Interuniversitario Reattività Chimica e Catalisi (CIRCC) , 70126 Bari , Italy
| | - Sergio Stoccoro
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia , Università degli Studi di Sassari , via Vienna 2 , 07100 Sassari , Italy.,Consorzio Interuniversitario Reattività Chimica e Catalisi (CIRCC) , 70126 Bari , Italy
| | - Laura Maiore
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia , Università degli Studi di Sassari , via Vienna 2 , 07100 Sassari , Italy
| | - Massimiliano Arca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche , Università degli Studi di Cagliari , S. S. 554-bivio per Sestu , 09042 - Monserrato ( Cagliari ), Italy
| | - Fabrizio Ortu
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Oxford Road , M13 9PL Manchester , United Kingdom
| | - Christian Artner
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry , University of Vienna , Waehringer Straße 42 , 1090 Vienna , Austria.,Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research" , University of Vienna , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Bernhard K Keppler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry , University of Vienna , Waehringer Straße 42 , 1090 Vienna , Austria.,Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research" , University of Vienna , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Samuel M Meier-Menches
- Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research" , University of Vienna , 1090 Vienna , Austria.,Department of Analytical Chemistry , University of Vienna , Waehringer Straße 38 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Angela Casini
- School of Chemistry , Cardiff University , Main Building, Park Place , CF10 3AT Cardiff , United Kingdom
| | - Maria Agostina Cinellu
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia , Università degli Studi di Sassari , via Vienna 2 , 07100 Sassari , Italy.,Consorzio Interuniversitario Reattività Chimica e Catalisi (CIRCC) , 70126 Bari , Italy
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26
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Quero J, Cabello S, Fuertes T, Mármol I, Laplaza R, Polo V, Gimeno MC, Rodriguez-Yoldi MJ, Cerrada E. Proteasome versus Thioredoxin Reductase Competition as Possible Biological Targets in Antitumor Mixed Thiolate-Dithiocarbamate Gold(III) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:10832-10845. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Quero
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea-ISQCH, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología y Fisiología, Unidad de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, CIBERobn, IIS, Aragón IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Silvia Cabello
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea-ISQCH, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Teresa Fuertes
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea-ISQCH, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología y Fisiología, Unidad de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, CIBERobn, IIS, Aragón IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Inés Mármol
- Departamento de Farmacología y Fisiología, Unidad de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, CIBERobn, IIS, Aragón IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ruben Laplaza
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Victor Polo
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M. Concepción Gimeno
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea-ISQCH, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M. Jesús Rodriguez-Yoldi
- Departamento de Farmacología y Fisiología, Unidad de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, CIBERobn, IIS, Aragón IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Elena Cerrada
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea-ISQCH, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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27
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Protonated water-soluble N-heterocyclic carbene ruthenium(II) complexes: Synthesis, cytotoxic and DNA binding properties and molecular docking study. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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28
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Bertrand B, Williams MRM, Bochmann M. Gold(III) Complexes for Antitumor Applications: An Overview. Chemistry 2018; 24:11840-11851. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Bertrand
- School of ChemistryUniversity of East Anglia Norwich NR4 7TJ United Kingdom
- Sorbonne UniversitésUPMC Univ Paris 06CNRSInstitut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM) 4 Place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
| | | | - Manfred Bochmann
- School of ChemistryUniversity of East Anglia Norwich NR4 7TJ United Kingdom
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29
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Zhang C, Hemmert C, Gornitzka H, Cuvillier O, Zhang M, Sun RWY. Cationic and Neutral N-Heterocyclic Carbene Gold(I) Complexes: Cytotoxicity, NCI-60 Screening, Cellular Uptake, Inhibition of Mammalian Thioredoxin Reductase, and Reactive Oxygen Species Formation. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:1218-1229. [PMID: 29603648 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A structurally diverse library of 14 gold(I) cationic bis(NHC) and neutral mono(NHC) complexes (NHC: N-heterocyclic carbene) was synthesized and characterized in this work. Four of them were new cationic gold(I) complexes containing functionalized NHCs, and their X-ray crystal structures are presented herein. All of the complexes were investigated for their anticancer activities in four cancer cell lines, including a cisplatin-resistant variant, and a noncancerous cell line. Seven of the cationic gold(I) complexes were found to display high and specific cytotoxic activities toward cancer cells. Two of them were even able to overcome cisplatin resistance. Two highly potent cationic complexes (11 and 15) were also submitted to the NCI-60 cancer panel for further cytotoxicity evaluation. Complex 15 showed a surprisingly high potency toward leukemia among the nine examined cancer subtypes, particularly toward the CCRF-CEM leukemia cell line with a concentration for 50 % inhibition of growth down to 79.4 nm. In addition, cationic complex 13, which demonstrated a remarkable cytotoxicity against hepatocellular carcinoma, was selected to obtain insight into the mechanistic aspects in HepG2 cells. Cellular uptake measurements were indicative of good bioavailability. By various biochemical assays, this complex was found to effectively inhibit thioredoxin reductase and its cytotoxicity toward HepG2 cells was found to be reactive oxygen species dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Heinz Gornitzka
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Olivier Cuvillier
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Raymond Wai-Yin Sun
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, P.R. China
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30
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Zhang J, Zhang B, Li X, Han X, Liu R, Fang J. Small molecule inhibitors of mammalian thioredoxin reductase as potential anticancer agents: An update. Med Res Rev 2018; 39:5-39. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou China
- School of Pharmacy; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou China
| | - Baoxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou China
| | - Xinming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou China
| | - Xiao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou China
| | - Ruijuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou China
- School of Pharmacy; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou China
| | - Jianguo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou China
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31
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Du J, Wei Y, Zhao Y, Xu F, Wang Y, Zheng W, Luo Q, Wang M, Wang F. A Photoactive Platinum(IV) Anticancer Complex Inhibits Thioredoxin-Thioredoxin Reductase System Activity by Induced Oxidization of the Protein. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:5575-5584. [PMID: 29688719 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Thioredoxin (Trx) is an important enzyme in the redox signaling pathway and is usually overexpressed in tumor cells. We demonstrate herein that the photoactive platinum(IV) anticancer complex trans,trans,trans-[Pt(N3)2(OH)2(Py)2] (1) can bind to His, Glu, and Gln residues of Trx upon the irradiation of blue light. More importantly, complex 1 can also induce the oxidation of Met, Trp, and the Cys catalytic sites to form disulfide bonds by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon photoactivation. These eventually lead to inhibition of activity of Trx enzyme and the Trx system and further increase in the cellular ROS level. We speculate that the oxidative damage not only inhibits Trx activity but also greatly contributes to the anticancer action of complex 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Du
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecular-Based Materials , Anhui Normal University , Wuhu 241000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Wei
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecular-Based Materials , Anhui Normal University , Wuhu 241000 , People's Republic of China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Beijing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100190 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Beijing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100190 , People's Republic of China
| | - Fengmin Xu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecular-Based Materials , Anhui Normal University , Wuhu 241000 , People's Republic of China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Beijing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100190 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Beijing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100190 , People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Beijing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100190 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qun Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Beijing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100190 , People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Beijing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100190 , People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Fuyi Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Beijing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100190 , People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
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32
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Rodríguez-Fanjul V, López-Torres E, Mendiola MA, Pizarro AM. Gold(III) bis(thiosemicarbazonate) compounds in breast cancer cells: Cytotoxicity and thioredoxin reductase targeting. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 148:372-383. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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33
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Fernández-Moreira V, Gimeno MC. Heterobimetallic Complexes for Theranostic Applications. Chemistry 2018; 24:3345-3353. [PMID: 29334153 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The design of more efficient anticancer drugs requires a deeper understanding of their biodistribution and mechanism of action. Cell imaging agents could help to gain insight into biological processes and, consequently, the best strategy for attaining suitable scaffolds in which both biological and imaging properties are maximized. A new concept arises in this field that is the combination of two metal fragments as collaborative partners to provide the precise emissive properties to visualize the cell as well as the optimum cytotoxic activity to build more potent and selective chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Fernández-Moreira
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Calle de Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M Concepción Gimeno
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Calle de Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
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34
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Porchia M, Pellei M, Marinelli M, Tisato F, Del Bello F, Santini C. New insights in Au-NHCs complexes as anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 146:709-746. [PMID: 29407992 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Within the research field of antitumor metal-based agents alternative to platinum drugs, gold(I/III) coordination complexes have always been in the forefront due mainly to the familiarity of medicinal chemists with gold compounds, whose application in medicine goes back in the ancient times, and to the rich chemistry shown by this metal. In the last decade, N-heterocyclic carbene ligands (NHC), a class of ligands that largely resembles the chemical properties of phosphines, became of interest for gold(I) medicinal applications, and since then, the research on NHC-gold(I/III) coordination complexes as potential antiproliferative agents boosted dramatically. Different classes of gold(I/III)-NHC complexes often showed an outstanding in vitro antiproliferative activity, however up to now very few in vivo data have been reported to corroborate the in vitro results. This review summarizes all achievements in the field of gold (I/III) complexes comprising NHC ligands proposed as potential antiproliferative agents in the period 2004-2016, and critically analyses biological data (mainly IC50 values) in relation to the chemical structures of Au compounds. The state of art of the in vivo studies so far described is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maura Pellei
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Macerata, Italy.
| | - Marika Marinelli
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Macerata, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Del Bello
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Macerata, Italy
| | - Carlo Santini
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Macerata, Italy
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35
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Mass spectrometry as a powerful tool to study therapeutic metallodrugs speciation mechanisms: Current frontiers and perspectives. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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36
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Jürgens S, Scalcon V, Estrada-Ortiz N, Folda A, Tonolo F, Jandl C, Browne DL, Rigobello MP, Kühn FE, Casini A. Exploring the C^N^C theme: Synthesis and biological properties of tridentate cyclometalated gold(III) complexes. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:5452-5460. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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37
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Pavic A, Glišić BĐ, Vojnovic S, Warżajtis B, Savić ND, Antić M, Radenković S, Janjić GV, Nikodinovic-Runic J, Rychlewska U, Djuran MI. Mononuclear gold(III) complexes with phenanthroline ligands as efficient inhibitors of angiogenesis: A comparative study with auranofin and sunitinib. J Inorg Biochem 2017; 174:156-168. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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38
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Li Q, Yuan Q, Zhao M, Yao Y, Gao L, Liu R, Wang Y, Gong Y, Gao F, Gao X. Au nanoclusters suppress chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cells by inhibiting thioredoxin reductase 1 to induce intracellular oxidative stress and apoptosis. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2017; 62:537-545. [PMID: 36659361 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2017.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is a rare blood cancer that always relapses as refractory disease and eventually leads to death. To date, therapeutic options for CLL patients are scarce and there is an urgent need to develop novel chemotherapeutics that are both effective and safe. Gold-containing compounds induce a lethal oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress response in cultured and primary CLL cells via inhibition of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR). However, traditional gold-containing medicines have revealed side effects during clinical applications. Therefore, safer gold-containing drugs are needed to overcome this challenge. In this study, a novel peptide templated gold cluster Au25Sv9 was synthesized and its therapeutic effect on CLL cells was evaluated. This nanocluster could induce cell apoptosis in MEC-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner which correlated with the uptake amount of clusters in cells. As expected, increasing intracellular reactive oxidative species (ROS) in MEC-1 cells was exhibited with the increase of cluster dosage. Further analyses demonstrated the underlying mechanism that the nanoclusters suppress the activity of TrxR1, increase the level of intracellular ROS, destroy the mitochondrial membrane potential and finally trigger the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in MEC-1 cells. Furthermore, the direct interaction between Au25Sv9 clusters and TrxR1 was confirmed for the first time by isothermal titration calorimetry. These findings explored the preclinical efficacy and potential mechanism of gold clusters in CLL therapy and provided a fundamental reference for the development of other novel gold-containing chemotherapeutics to treat CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qing Yuan
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Mohan Zhao
- Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yawen Yao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Liang Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ru Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yaling Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yong Gong
- Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fuping Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Xueyun Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE There are a number of redox-active anticancer agents currently in development based on the premise that altered redox homeostasis is necessary for cancer cell's survival. Recent Advances: This review focuses on the relatively few agents that target cellular redox homeostasis to have entered clinical trial as anticancer drugs. CRITICAL ISSUES The success rate of redox anticancer drugs has been disappointing compared to other classes of anticancer agents. This is due, in part, to our incomplete understanding of the functions of the redox targets in normal and cancer tissues, leading to off-target toxicities and low therapeutic indexes of the drugs. The field also lags behind in the use biomarkers and other means to select patients who are most likely to respond to redox-targeted therapy. FUTURE DIRECTIONS If we wish to derive clinical benefit from agents that attack redox targets, then the future will require a more sophisticated understanding of the role of redox targets in cancer and the increased application of personalized medicine principles for their use. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 262-273.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Garth Powis
- 2 Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute Cancer Center , La Jolla, California
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40
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Tabrizi L, Chiniforoshan H. The cytotoxicity and mechanism of action of new multinuclear Scaffold AuIII, PdIIpincer complexes containing a bis(diphenylphosphino) ferrocene/non-ferrocene ligand. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:14164-14173. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt02887c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
New multinuclear gold(iii), palladium(ii) pincer complexes containing bis(diphenylphosphino) ferrocene/non-ferrocene ligands were investigated for their cytotoxicity and mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Tabrizi
- School of Chemistry
- National University of Ireland
- Galway
- Galway
- Ireland
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41
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Sachweh MCC, Stafford WC, Drummond CJ, McCarthy AR, Higgins M, Campbell J, Brodin B, Arnér ESJ, Laín S. Redox effects and cytotoxic profiles of MJ25 and auranofin towards malignant melanoma cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:16488-506. [PMID: 26029997 PMCID: PMC4599284 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is the most dangerous type of skin cancer. Although recent progress in treatment has been achieved, lack of response, drug resistance and relapse remain major problems. The tumor suppressor p53 is rarely mutated in melanoma, yet it is inactive in the majority of cases due to dysregulation of upstream pathways. Thus, we screened for compounds that can activate p53 in melanoma cells. Here we describe effects of the small molecule MJ25 (2-{[2-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylsulfonyl)ethyl]thio}-1,3-benzoxazole), which increased the level of p53-dependent transactivation both as a single agent and in combination with nutlin-3. Furthermore, MJ25 showed potent cytotoxicity towards melanoma cell lines, whilst having weaker effects against human normal cells. MJ25 was also identified in an independent screen as an inhibitor of thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1), an important selenoenzyme in the control of oxidative stress and redox regulation. The well-characterized TrxR inhibitor auranofin, which is FDA-approved and currently in clinical trials against leukemia and a number of solid cancers, displayed effects comparable with MJ25 on cells and led to eradication of cultured melanoma cells at low micromolar concentrations. In conclusion, auranofin, MJ25 or other inhibitors of TrxR1 should be evaluated as candidate compounds or leads for targeted therapy of malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijke C C Sachweh
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - William C Stafford
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Catherine J Drummond
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna R McCarthy
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maureen Higgins
- Centre for Oncology and Molecular Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Tayside, United Kingdom
| | - Johanna Campbell
- Centre for Oncology and Molecular Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Tayside, United Kingdom
| | - Bertha Brodin
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elias S J Arnér
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sonia Laín
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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42
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Corbo R, Ryan GF, Haghighatbin MA, Hogan CF, Wilson DJD, Hulett MD, Barnard PJ, Dutton JL. Access to the Parent Tetrakis(pyridine)gold(III) Trication, Facile Formation of Rare Au(III) Terminal Hydroxides, and Preliminary Studies of Biological Properties. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:2830-9. [PMID: 26930516 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we report on the use of [NO][BF4] to access tricationic tetrakis(pyridine)gold(III) from Au powder, a species inaccessible using the more traditional (tetrahydrothiophene)AuCl route. It is then demonstrated that this family of compounds can be used to access new terminal Au(III) hydroxides, a challenging class of compounds, and the first crystallographically characterized examples employing bidentate ligands. Finally, preliminary biological studies indicate good activity for derivatives featuring polydentate ligands against the HeLa and PC3 cell lines but also strong inhibition of primary HUVEC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Corbo
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University , Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Gemma F Ryan
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University , Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Mohammad A Haghighatbin
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University , Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Conor F Hogan
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University , Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - David J D Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University , Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Mark D Hulett
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University , Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Peter J Barnard
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University , Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Jason L Dutton
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University , Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
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43
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Montanel-Pérez S, Herrera RP, Laguna A, Villacampa MD, Gimeno MC. The fluxional amine gold(III) complex as an excellent catalyst and precursor of biologically active acyclic carbenes. Dalton Trans 2016; 44:9052-62. [PMID: 25893402 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt00703h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A new amine gold(III) complex [Au(C6F5)2(DPA)]ClO4 with the di-(2-picolyl)amine (DPA) ligand has been synthesised. In the solid state the complex has a chiral amine nitrogen because the ligand coordinates to the gold centre through one nitrogen atom from a pyridine and through the NH moiety, whereas in solution it shows a fluxional behaviour with a rapid exchange between the pyridine sites. This complex can be used as an excellent synton to prepare new gold(III) carbene complexes by the reaction with isocyanide CNR. The resulting gold(III) derivatives have unprecedented bidentate C^N acyclic carbene ligands. All the complexes have been spectroscopically and structurally characterized. Taking advantage of the fluxional behaviour of the amine complex, its catalytic properties have been tested in several reactions with the formation of C-C and C-N bonds. The complex showed excellent activity with total conversion, without the presence of a co-catalyst, and with a catalyst loading as low as 0.1%. These complexes also present biological properties, and cytotoxicity studies have been performed in vitro against three tumour human cell lines, Jurkat (T-cell leukaemia), MiaPaca2 (pancreatic carcinoma) and A549 (lung carcinoma). Some of them showed excellent cytotoxic activity compared with the reference cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Montanel-Pérez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
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44
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Citta A, Scalcon V, Göbel P, Bertrand B, Wenzel M, Folda A, Rigobello MP, Meggers E, Casini A. Toward anticancer gold-based compounds targeting PARP-1: a new case study. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra11606j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new gold(iii) complex bearing a 2-((2,2′-bipyridin)-5-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-4-carboxamide ligand has been synthesized and characterized for its biological properties in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Citta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
- University of Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - V. Scalcon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
- University of Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - P. Göbel
- Fachbereich Chemie
- Philipps-Universität Marburg
- 35043 Marburg
- Germany
| | - B. Bertrand
- Dept. of Pharmacokinetics
- Toxicology and Targeting
- Research Institute of Pharmacy
- University of Groningen
- 9713 AV Groningen
| | - M. Wenzel
- School of Chemistry
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff CF10 3A
- UK
| | - A. Folda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
- University of Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - M. P. Rigobello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
- University of Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - E. Meggers
- Fachbereich Chemie
- Philipps-Universität Marburg
- 35043 Marburg
- Germany
| | - A. Casini
- Dept. of Pharmacokinetics
- Toxicology and Targeting
- Research Institute of Pharmacy
- University of Groningen
- 9713 AV Groningen
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Wani WA, Baig U, Shreaz S, Shiekh RA, Iqbal PF, Jameel E, Ahmad A, Mohd-Setapar SH, Mushtaque M, Ting Hun L. Recent advances in iron complexes as potential anticancer agents. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj01449b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The iron complexes discussed in this review highlight their promising future as anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseem A. Wani
- Institute of Bioproduct Development
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- 81310 UTM Skudai
- Malaysia
| | - Umair Baig
- Center of Excellence for Scientific Research Collaboration with MIT
- King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
- Dhahran 31261
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Sheikh Shreaz
- Oral Microbiology Laboratory
- Department of Bioclinical Sciences
- Faculty of Dentistry
- Health Sciences Center
- Kuwait University
| | - Rayees Ahmad Shiekh
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Taibah University
- Al Madinah Al Munawarrah
- Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ehtesham Jameel
- Department of Chemistry
- B. R. Ambedkar Bihar University
- Muzaffarpur
- India
| | - Akil Ahmad
- Center of Lipids Engineering and Applied Research
- Ibnu Sina Institute for Industrial and Scientific Research
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- 81310 UTM Skudai
- Malaysia
| | - Siti Hamidah Mohd-Setapar
- Center of Lipids Engineering and Applied Research
- Ibnu Sina Institute for Industrial and Scientific Research
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- 81310 UTM Skudai
- Malaysia
| | - Md. Mushtaque
- Department of Physical and Molecular Sciences (Chemistry)
- Al-Falah University
- Faridabad
- India
| | - Lee Ting Hun
- Institute of Bioproduct Development
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- 81310 UTM Skudai
- Malaysia
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James LR, Xu ZQ, Sluyter R, Hawksworth EL, Kelso C, Lai B, Paterson DJ, de Jonge MD, Dixon NE, Beck JL, Ralph SF, Dillon CT. An investigation into the interactions of gold nanoparticles and anti-arthritic drugs with macrophages, and their reactivity towards thioredoxin reductase. J Inorg Biochem 2015; 142:28-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2014.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Zou T, Lum CT, Lok CN, Zhang JJ, Che CM. Chemical biology of anticancer gold(iii) and gold(i) complexes. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:8786-801. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00132c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 420] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Anticancer gold complexes, including their mechanisms of action and the approaches adopted to improve the anticancer efficiency are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials
- Chemical Biology Centre and Department of Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
| | - Ching Tung Lum
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials
- Chemical Biology Centre and Department of Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
| | - Chun-Nam Lok
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials
- Chemical Biology Centre and Department of Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
| | - Jing-Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials
- Chemical Biology Centre and Department of Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials
- Chemical Biology Centre and Department of Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
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Rubbiani R, Zehnder TN, Mari C, Blacque O, Venkatesan K, Gasser G. Anticancer Profile of a Series of Gold(III) (2-phenyl)pyridine Complexes. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:2781-90. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201402446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Bertrand B, Casini A. A golden future in medicinal inorganic chemistry: the promise of anticancer gold organometallic compounds. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:4209-19. [PMID: 24225667 DOI: 10.1039/c3dt52524d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
From wedding rings on fingers to stained glass windows, by way of Olympic medals, gold has been highly prized for millennia. Nowadays, organometallic gold compounds occupy an important place in the field of medicinal inorganic chemistry due to their unique chemical properties with respect to gold coordination compounds. In fact, several studies have proved that they can be used to develop highly efficient metal-based drugs with possible applications in the treatment of cancer. This Perspective summarizes the results obtained for different families of bioactive organometallic gold compounds including cyclometallated gold(iii) complexes with C,N-donor ligands, gold(I) and gold(I/III) N-heterocyclic (NHC) carbene complexes, as well as gold(I) alkynyl complexes, with promising anticancer effects. Most importantly, we will focus on recent developments in the field and discuss the potential of this class of organometallic compounds in relation to their versatile chemistry and innovative mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Bertrand
- Dept. Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen 9713 AV, The Netherlands.
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Liang YW, Zheng J, Li X, Zheng W, Chen T. Selenadiazole derivatives as potent thioredoxin reductase inhibitors that enhance the radiosensitivity of cancer cells. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 84:335-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 07/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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