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Hong LL, Ding YF, Zhang W, Lin HW. Chemical and biological diversity of new natural products from marine sponges: a review (2009-2018). MARINE LIFE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 4:356-372. [PMID: 37073163 PMCID: PMC10077299 DOI: 10.1007/s42995-022-00132-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Marine sponges are productive sources of bioactive secondary metabolites with over 200 new compounds isolated each year, contributing 23% of approved marine drugs so far. This review describes statistical research, structural diversity, and pharmacological activity of sponge derived new natural products from 2009 to 2018. Approximately 2762 new metabolites have been reported from 180 genera of sponges this decade, of which the main structural types are alkaloids and terpenoids, accounting for 50% of the total. More than half of new molecules showed biological activities including cytotoxic, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, enzyme inhibition, and antimalarial activities. As summarized in this review, macrolides and peptides had higher proportions of new bioactive compounds in new compounds than other chemical classes. Every chemical class displayed cytotoxicity as the dominant activity. Alkaloids were the major contributors to antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activities while steroids were primarily responsible for pest resistance activity. Alkaloids, terpenoids, and steroids displayed the most diverse biological activities. The statistic research of new compounds by published year, chemical class, sponge taxonomy, and biological activity are presented. Structural novelty and significant bioactivities of some representative compounds are highlighted. Marine sponges are rich sources of novel bioactive compounds and serve as animal hosts for microorganisms, highlighting the undisputed potential of sponges in the marine drugs research and development. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42995-022-00132-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Hong
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127 China
| | - Ya-Fang Ding
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127 China
- School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316000 China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042 Australia
| | - Hou-Wen Lin
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127 China
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Škubník J, Jurášek M, Ruml T, Rimpelová S. Mitotic Poisons in Research and Medicine. Molecules 2020; 25:E4632. [PMID: 33053667 PMCID: PMC7587177 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the greatest challenges of the modern medicine. Although much effort has been made in the development of novel cancer therapeutics, it still remains one of the most common causes of human death in the world, mainly in low and middle-income countries. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cancer treatment services are not available in more then 70% of low-income countries (90% of high-income countries have them available), and also approximately 70% of cancer deaths are reported in low-income countries. Various approaches on how to combat cancer diseases have since been described, targeting cell division being among them. The so-called mitotic poisons are one of the cornerstones in cancer therapies. The idea that cancer cells usually divide almost uncontrolled and far more rapidly than normal cells have led us to think about such compounds that would take advantage of this difference and target the division of such cells. Many groups of such compounds with different modes of action have been reported so far. In this review article, the main approaches on how to target cancer cell mitosis are described, involving microtubule inhibition, targeting aurora and polo-like kinases and kinesins inhibition. The main representatives of all groups of compounds are discussed and attention has also been paid to the presence and future of the clinical use of these compounds as well as their novel derivatives, reviewing the finished and ongoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Škubník
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 3, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic; (J.Š.); (T.R.)
| | - Michal Jurášek
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 3, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic;
| | - Tomáš Ruml
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 3, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic; (J.Š.); (T.R.)
| | - Silvie Rimpelová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 3, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic; (J.Š.); (T.R.)
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Hong SW, Singh AJ, Patel V, Russell ER, Field JJ, Miller JH, Northcote PT. Peloruside E (22-Norpeloruside A), a Pelorusane Macrolide from the New Zealand Marine Sponge Mycale hentscheli, Retains Microtubule-Stabilizing Properties. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2018; 81:2125-2128. [PMID: 30188708 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A new peloruside congener, peloruside E (5), has been isolated in sub-milligram quantities from a specimen of the New Zealand marine sponge Mycale hentscheli. The structure of 5 differs from the parent compound peloruside A (1) by replacement of the C-10 gem-dimethyl moiety with a monomethyl substituent and represents the first structural deviation in the pelorusane scaffold. Peloruside E (5) is potently antiproliferative (HL-60, IC50 90 nM, cf. 1, 19 nM) and polymerizes purified tubulin, albeit at a rate lower than that of 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa Weon Hong
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences , Victoria University of Wellington , Wellington 6012 , New Zealand
- Centre for Biodiscovery , Victoria University of Wellington , Wellington 6012 , New Zealand
| | - A Jonathan Singh
- Centre for Biodiscovery , Victoria University of Wellington , Wellington 6012 , New Zealand
- Ferrier Research Institute , Victoria University of Wellington , Wellington 6012 , New Zealand
| | - Vimal Patel
- Centre for Biodiscovery , Victoria University of Wellington , Wellington 6012 , New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences , Victoria University of Wellington , Wellington 6012 , New Zealand
| | - Euan R Russell
- Centre for Biodiscovery , Victoria University of Wellington , Wellington 6012 , New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences , Victoria University of Wellington , Wellington 6012 , New Zealand
| | - Jessica J Field
- Centre for Biodiscovery , Victoria University of Wellington , Wellington 6012 , New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences , Victoria University of Wellington , Wellington 6012 , New Zealand
| | - John H Miller
- Centre for Biodiscovery , Victoria University of Wellington , Wellington 6012 , New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences , Victoria University of Wellington , Wellington 6012 , New Zealand
| | - Peter T Northcote
- Centre for Biodiscovery , Victoria University of Wellington , Wellington 6012 , New Zealand
- Ferrier Research Institute , Victoria University of Wellington , Wellington 6012 , New Zealand
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El-Demerdash A, Tammam MA, Atanasov AG, Hooper JNA, Al-Mourabit A, Kijjoa A. Chemistry and Biological Activities of the Marine Sponges of the Genera Mycale ( Arenochalina), Biemna and Clathria. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E214. [PMID: 29912171 PMCID: PMC6025471 DOI: 10.3390/md16060214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past seven decades, particularly since the discovery of the first marine-derived nucleosides, spongothymidine and spongouridine, from the Caribbean sponge Cryptotethya crypta in the early 1950s, marine natural products have emerged as unique, renewable and yet under-investigated pools for discovery of new drug leads with distinct structural features, and myriad interesting biological activities. Marine sponges are the most primitive and simplest multicellular animals, with approximately 8900 known described species, although more than 15,000 species are thought to exist worldwide today. These marine organisms potentially represent the richest pipeline for novel drug leads. Mycale (Arenochalina) and Clathria are recognized marine sponge genera belonging to the order Poecilosclerida, whereas Biemna was more recently reclassified, based on molecular genetics, as a new order Biemnida. Together, these sponge genera contribute to the production of physiologically active molecular entities with diverse structural features and a wide range of medicinal and therapeutic potentialities. In this review, we provide a comprehensive insight and up-to-date literature survey over the period of 1976⁻2018, focusing on the chemistry of the isolated compounds from members of these three genera, as well as their biological and pharmacological activities, whenever available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr El-Demerdash
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes, Sorbonne Universités, UMR 7245 CNRS/MNHN, CP 54, 57 Rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France.
- Organic Chemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed A Tammam
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural products, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Athens 15771, Greece.
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, 63514 Fayoum, Egypt.
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzebiec, Poland.
| | - John N A Hooper
- Queensland Museum, Biodiversity & Geosciences Program, P.O. Box 3300, South Brisbane BC, Queensland 4101, Australia.
| | - Ali Al-Mourabit
- ICSN-Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, University of Paris-Saclay, 1, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-Sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Anake Kijjoa
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar & CIIMAR, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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Hemi Cumming A, Brown SL, Tao X, Cuyamendous C, Field JJ, Miller JH, Harvey JE, Teesdale-Spittle PH. Synthesis of a simplified triazole analogue of pateamine A. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:5117-27. [PMID: 27180995 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00086j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pateamine A is a naturally occurring metabolite extracted from the marine sponge Mycale hentscheli. It exhibits potent cytotoxicity towards cancer cell lines and has been shown to target protein translation initiation via inhibition of the function of eukaryotic initiation factor 4A proteins. We have synthesised a simplified analogue of pateamine A, consisting of the skeletal core of the natural product but with the thiazole heterocycle replaced by a triazole. The convergent design of the synthesis features a base-induced opening of a δ-valerolactone to access the Z,E-dienoate moiety, Julia-Kocienski olefination and copper-catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition. Bioactivity testing of the simplified pateamine A analogue (3) indicated a significant reduction in cytotoxicity, compared to natural pateamine A. We propose that this reduced activity is due mainly to the substitution of the thiazole for the triazole heterocycle. This supports the hypothesis that the thiazole of pateamine A is important for binding to its biological target.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hemi Cumming
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences and Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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Chan A, Singh AJ, Northcote PT, Miller JH. Peloruside A, a microtubule-stabilizing agent, induces aneuploidy in ovarian cancer cells. Invest New Drugs 2016; 34:424-38. [PMID: 27155614 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-016-0355-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To ensure proper chromosome segregation, mitosis is tightly regulated by the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). Low concentrations of microtubule-stabilizing agents can induce aneuploid populations of cells in the absence of G2/M block, suggesting pertubation of the spindle checkpoint. We investigated the effects of peloruside A, a microtubule-stabilizing agent, on expression levels of several key cell cycle proteins, MAD2, BUBR1, p55CDC and cyclin B1. Synchronized 1A9 ovarian carcinoma cells were allowed to progress through the cell cycle in the presence or absence of peloruside A. Co-immunoprecipitation and Western blotting were used to probe the cell cycle kinetics of MAD2 and BUBR1 dissociation from p55CDC. Using confocal microscopy, we investigated whether premature dissociation of MAD2 and BUBR1 at low (40 nM) but not high (100 nM) concentrations of peloruside A was caused by defects in the attachment of chromosomes to the mitotic spindle. An increased frequency of polar chromosomes was observed at low concentrations of peloruside A, suggesting that an increased frequency of pseudo-metaphase cells, which are not detected by the spindle assembly checkpoint, may be underlying the induction of aneuploidy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Chan
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand.,Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand.,Volpara Solutions Limited, Level 12, 86 Victoria Street, Wellington, 6011, New Zealand
| | - A Jonathan Singh
- Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand.,School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand.,Molecular Targets Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute - Frederick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Peter T Northcote
- Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand.,School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | - John H Miller
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand. .,Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand.
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Kanakkanthara A, Northcote PT, Miller JH. Peloruside A: a lead non-taxoid-site microtubule-stabilizing agent with potential activity against cancer, neurodegeneration, and autoimmune disease. Nat Prod Rep 2016; 33:549-61. [PMID: 26867978 DOI: 10.1039/c5np00146c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2000 up to 2016Peloruside A, a macrocyclic secondary metabolite from a New Zealand marine sponge, Mycale hentscheli, has shown potent antiproliferative activity in cultured cancer cells as well as inhibitory effects on tumor growth in mouse models. The compound also has promising effects against cell models of neurodegenerative and autoimmune diseases. In mechanistic studies, peloruside A shares with paclitaxel (Taxol®) the ability to stabilize microtubules by binding to β-tubulin. Peloruside A, however, occupies a unique external site on β-tubulin that does not overlap the classical taxoid site that is located on the inside of the microtubule. As such, peloruside A has been of central importance in defining a new microtubule-stabilizer binding site localized on the exterior surface of the microtubule that has led to increased interest in the design of an upscaled total synthesis of the natural product and its analogues. Here, we review advances in the biochemical and biological validation of peloruside A as an attractive therapeutic candidate for the treatment of cancer, neurodegeneration, and autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kanakkanthara
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, USA 55905.
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Brackovic A, Harvey JE. Synthetic, semisynthetic and natural analogues of peloruside A. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:4750-65. [PMID: 25642465 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc09785h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Peloruside A is a macrocyclic natural product from a New Zealand marine sponge Mycale hentscheli. It has attracted significant attention in the synthetic chemistry, cellular and structural biology communities due to its complex structure and potent anticancer activity. Several natural congeners have since been isolated and synthetic analogues have been prepared. This review describes in detail the published syntheses of peloruside analogues and discusses the structure-activity relationships available to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Brackovic
- Centre for Biodiscovery, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand.
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Larsen EM, Wilson MR, Taylor RE. Conformation-activity relationships of polyketide natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2015; 32:1183-206. [PMID: 25974024 PMCID: PMC4443481 DOI: 10.1039/c5np00014a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Polyketides represent an important class of secondary metabolites that interact with biological targets connected to a variety of disease-associated pathways. Remarkably, nature's assembly lines, polyketide synthases, manufacture these privileged structures through a combinatorial mixture of just a few structural units. This review highlights the role of these structural elements in shaping a polyketide's conformational preferences, the use of computer-based molecular modeling and solution NMR studies in the identification of low-energy conformers, and the importance of conformational analogues in probing the bound conformation. In particular, this review covers several examples wherein conformational analysis complements classic structure-activity relationships in the design of biologically active natural product analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik M Larsen
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, 250 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA.
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Wullschleger CW, Gertsch J, Altmann KH. Synthesis and Biological Activity of 7,8,9-Trideoxy- and 7RDesTHP-Peloruside A. Chemistry 2013; 19:13105-11. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
This review covers the literature published in 2011 for marine natural products, with 870 citations (558 for the period January to December 2011) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green, brown and red algae, sponges, cnidarians, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates, echinoderms, mangroves and other intertidal plants and microorganisms. The emphasis is on new compounds (1152 for 2011), together with the relevant biological activities, source organisms and country of origin. Biosynthetic studies, first syntheses, and syntheses that lead to the revision of structures or stereochemistries, have been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Blunt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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Zimmermann N, Pinard P, Carboni B, Gosselin P, Gaulon-Nourry C, Dujardin G, Collet S, Lebreton J, Mathé-Allainmat M. Convergent Strategy Towards the Synthesis of Restricted Analogues of Peloruside A. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201201728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Cragg GM, Newman DJ. Natural products: a continuing source of novel drug leads. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:3670-95. [PMID: 23428572 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1594] [Impact Index Per Article: 144.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nature has been a source of medicinal products for millennia, with many useful drugs developed from plant sources. Following discovery of the penicillins, drug discovery from microbial sources occurred and diving techniques in the 1970s opened the seas. Combinatorial chemistry (late 1980s), shifted the focus of drug discovery efforts from Nature to the laboratory bench. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review traces natural products drug discovery, outlining important drugs from natural sources that revolutionized treatment of serious diseases. It is clear Nature will continue to be a major source of new structural leads, and effective drug development depends on multidisciplinary collaborations. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The explosion of genetic information led not only to novel screens, but the genetic techniques permitted the implementation of combinatorial biosynthetic technology and genome mining. The knowledge gained has allowed unknown molecules to be identified. These novel bioactive structures can be optimized by using combinatorial chemistry generating new drug candidates for many diseases. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The advent of genetic techniques that permitted the isolation / expression of biosynthetic cassettes from microbes may well be the new frontier for natural products lead discovery. It is now apparent that biodiversity may be much greater in those organisms. The numbers of potential species involved in the microbial world are many orders of magnitude greater than those of plants and multi-celled animals. Coupling these numbers to the number of currently unexpressed biosynthetic clusters now identified (>10 per species) the potential of microbial diversity remains essentially untapped.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon M Cragg
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA
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Raghavan S, Vinoth Kumar V. A stereoselective synthesis of the C9–C19 subunit of (+)-peloruside A. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:2847-58. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob27508f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ballatore C, Brunden KR, Huryn DM, Trojanowski JQ, Lee VMY, Smith AB. Microtubule stabilizing agents as potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease and related neurodegenerative tauopathies. J Med Chem 2012; 55:8979-96. [PMID: 23020671 PMCID: PMC3493881 DOI: 10.1021/jm301079z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The microtubule (MT) associated protein tau, which is highly expressed in the axons of neurons, is an endogenous MT-stabilizing agent that plays an important role in axonal transport. Loss of MT-stabilizing tau function, caused by misfolding, hyperphosphorylation, and sequestration of tau into insoluble aggregates, leads to axonal transport deficits with neuropathological consequences. Several in vitro and preclinical in vivo studies have shown that MT-stabilizing drugs can be utilized to compensate for the loss of tau function and to maintain/restore effective axonal transport. These findings indicate that MT-stabilizing compounds hold considerable promise for the treatment of Alzheimer disease and related tauopathies. The present article provides a synopsis of the key findings demonstrating the therapeutic potential of MT-stabilizing drugs in the context of neurodegenerative tauopathies, as well as an overview of the different classes of MT-stabilizing compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Ballatore
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34 St., Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Research and Institute on Aging, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323
| | - Kurt R. Brunden
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Research and Institute on Aging, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323
| | - Donna M. Huryn
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34 St., Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323
| | - John Q. Trojanowski
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Research and Institute on Aging, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323
| | - Virginia M.-Y. Lee
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Research and Institute on Aging, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323
| | - Amos B. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34 St., Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323
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Abstract
An efficient synthetic strategy for rapid access to analogues of peloruside A has been demonstrated. The synthetic route was highlighted by a simple esterification-based fragment coupling and a late stage ring-closing metathesis reaction. This convergent route has provided access to rationally designed analogues inspired by the solution conformational preferences of peloruside A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Mike and Josie Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-5670, USA
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Casey EM, Tho F, Harvey JE, Teesdale-Spittle PH. Towards a simplified peloruside A: synthesis of C1–C11 of a dihydropyran analogue. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.09.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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