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Sagi R, Akerman M, Ramakrishnan S, Asscher M. Spontaneous polarization of thick solid ammonia films. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:124707. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0017853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Roey Sagi
- Institute of Chemistry, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat-Ram, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Michelle Akerman
- Institute of Chemistry, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat-Ram, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Sujith Ramakrishnan
- Institute of Chemistry, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat-Ram, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Micha Asscher
- Institute of Chemistry, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat-Ram, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
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King SB, Broch K, Demling A, Stähler J. Multistep and multiscale electron transfer and localization dynamics at a model electrolyte/metal interface. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:041702. [PMID: 30709309 DOI: 10.1063/1.5047033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The lifetime, coupling, and localization dynamics of electronic states in molecular films near metal electrodes fundamentally determine their propensity to act as precursors or reactants in chemical reactions, crucial for a detailed understanding of charge transport and degradation mechanisms in batteries. In the current study, we investigate the formation dynamics of small polarons and their role as intermediate electronic states in thin films of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on Cu(111) using time- and angle-resolved two-photon photoemission spectroscopy. Upon photoexcitation, a delocalized DMSO electronic state is initially populated two monolayers from the Cu surface, becoming a small polaron on a 200 fs time scale, consistent with localization due to vibrational dynamics of the DMSO film. The small polaron is a precursor state for an extremely long-lived and weakly coupled multilayer electronic state, with a lifetime of several seconds, thirteen orders of magnitude longer than the small polaron. Although the small polaron in DMSO has a lifetime of 140 fs, its role as a precursor state for long-lived electronic states could make it an important intermediate in multistep battery reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah B King
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Broch
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Angelika Demling
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Stähler
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Turi L, Rossky PJ. Theoretical studies of spectroscopy and dynamics of hydrated electrons. Chem Rev 2012; 112:5641-74. [PMID: 22954423 DOI: 10.1021/cr300144z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- László Turi
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Shibuta M, Hirata N, Matsui R, Eguchi T, Nakajima A. Charge Separation at the Molecular Monolayer Surface: Observation and Control of the Dynamics. J Phys Chem Lett 2012; 3:981-985. [PMID: 26286559 DOI: 10.1021/jz3002579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Charge separation dynamics relevant to an electron transfer have been revealed by time- and angle-resolved two-photon photoemission spectroscopy for an n-alkanethiolate self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on a Au(111) surface fabricated by a chemical-wet process. The electron was photoexcited into an image potential state located at 3.7 eV above the Fermi level (EF), and it survived well for more than 100 ps on dodecanethiolate (C12)-SAM. The degree of electron separation is precisely controlled by selecting the length of the alkyl chain (C10-C18). We have also evaluated molecular conductivity at the specific electron energy of EF + 3.7 eV. The tunneling decay parameter, β, was fitted by β90 K = 0.097 Å(-1) and βRT = 0.13 Å(-1). These values were one order smaller than that at around EF by conventional contact probe methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Shibuta
- †Nakajima Designer Nanocluster Assembly Project, JST, ERATO, 3-2-1 Sakado, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki 213-0012, Japan
- ‡Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Hirata
- ‡Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Ryo Matsui
- ‡Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Eguchi
- †Nakajima Designer Nanocluster Assembly Project, JST, ERATO, 3-2-1 Sakado, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki 213-0012, Japan
- ‡Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- †Nakajima Designer Nanocluster Assembly Project, JST, ERATO, 3-2-1 Sakado, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki 213-0012, Japan
- ‡Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
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Stähler J, Gahl C, Wolf M. Dynamics and reactivity of trapped electrons on supported ice crystallites. Acc Chem Res 2012; 45:131-8. [PMID: 22185698 DOI: 10.1021/ar200170s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The solvation dynamics and reactivity of localized excess electrons in aqueous environments have attracted great attention in many areas of physics, chemistry, and biology. This manifold attraction results from the importance of water as a solvent in nature as well as from the key role of low-energy electrons in many chemical reactions. One prominent example is the electron-induced dissociation of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). Low-energy electrons are also critical in the radiation chemistry that occurs in nuclear reactors. Excess electrons in an aqueous environment are localized and stabilized by the local rearrangement of the surrounding water dipoles. Such solvated or hydrated electrons are known to play an important role in systems such as biochemical reactions and atmospheric chemistry. Despite numerous studies over many years, little is known about the microscopic details of these electron-induced chemical processes, and interest in the fundamental processes involved in the reactivity of trapped electrons continues. In this Account, we present a surface science study of the dynamics and reactivity of such localized low-energy electrons at D(2)O crystallites that are supported by a Ru(001) single crystal metal surface. This approach enables us to investigate the generation and relaxation dynamics as well as dissociative electron attachment (DEA) reaction of excess electrons under well-defined conditions. They are generated by photoexcitation in the metal template and transferred to trapping sites at the vacuum interface of crystalline D(2)O islands. In these traps, the electrons are effectively decoupled from the electronic states of the metal template, leading to extraordinarily long excited state lifetimes on the order of minutes. Using these long-lived, low-energy electrons, we study the DEA to CFCl(3) that is coadsorbed at very low concentrations (∼10(12) cm(-2)). Using rate equations and direct measurement of the change of surface dipole moment, we estimated the electron surface density for DEA, yielding cross sections that are orders of magnitude higher than the electron density measured in the gas phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Stähler
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Cornelius Gahl
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Max-Born-Institute Berlin, Max-Born-Str. 2 A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Wolf
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Kwon H, Hwang K, Park J, Ryu S, Kim SK. Electron solvation and solvation-induced crystallization of an ammonia film on Ag(111) studied by 2-photon photoemission. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:17785-90. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp20804g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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