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Tomchak KH, Sorensen JJ, Tieu E, Morse MD. Predissociation-based measurements of bond dissociation energies: US2, OUS, and USe. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:044306. [PMID: 39041877 DOI: 10.1063/5.0220813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The uranium-containing molecules US2, OUS, and USe have been investigated using a pulsed laser ablation supersonic beam molecular source with time-of-flight mass spectrometric detection. Spectra have been recorded using the resonant two-photon ionization method over the spectroscopic range from 277 to 238 nm. These species have a myriad of excited electronic states in this spectroscopic region, leading to spectra that are highly congested and appear quasicontinuous. Sharp predissociation thresholds are observed, allowing precise bond dissociation energies to be measured. In the case of the triatomic molecules, it was necessary to use one laser for excitation and a delayed laser for ionization in order to observe a sharp predissociation threshold that allowed a precise bond dissociation energy to be measured. The resulting thermochemical values are D0(SU-S) = 4.910 ± 0.003 eV, D0(OU-S) = 5.035 ± 0.004 eV, and D0(USe) = 4.609 ± 0.009 eV. These results provide the first measurement of D0(USe) and reduce the error limits in the previous values of D0(SU-S) and D0(OU-S) by a factor of more than 70.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly H Tomchak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850, USA
| | - Jason J Sorensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850, USA
| | - Erick Tieu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850, USA
| | - Michael D Morse
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850, USA
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2
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Cox RM, Melby KM, French AD, Rodriguez MJ. f-Block reactions of metal cations with carbon dioxide studied by inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 26:209-218. [PMID: 38054255 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04180h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
f-Block chemistry offers an opportunity to test current knowledge of chemical reactivity. The energy dependence of lanthanide cation (Ln+ = Ce+, Pr+, Nd+-Eu+) and actinide cation (An+ = Th+, U+-Am+) oxidation reactions by CO2, was observed by inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry. This reaction is commonly spin-unallowed because the neutral reactant (CO2, 1Σ+g) and product (CO, 1Σ+) require the metal and metal oxide cations to have the same spin state. Correlation of the promotion energy (Ep) to the first state with two free d-electrons with the reaction efficiency indicates that spin conservation is not a primary factor in the reaction rate. The Ep likely influences the reaction rate by partially setting the crossing between the ground and reactive states. Comparison of Ln+ and An+ congener reactivity indicates that the 5f-orbitals play a small role in the An+ reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Cox
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 USA, USA.
| | - Kali M Melby
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 USA, USA.
| | - Amanda D French
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 USA, USA.
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3
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Rockow S, Bubas AR, Krauel SP, Stevenson BC, Armentrout PB. Thermochemistry of uranium sulfide cations: guided ion beam and theoretical studies of reactions of U + and US + with CS 2 and collision-induced dissociation of US +. Mol Phys 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2023.2175595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rockow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Amanda R. Bubas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | | | - P. B. Armentrout
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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4
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Chattaraj S, Bhattacharyya A. Bonding of isovalent homologous actinide and lanthanide pairs with chalcogenide donors: effect of metal f-orbital participation and donor softness. Struct Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-022-02094-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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de Melo GF, Dixon DA. Protactinium and Actinium Monohydrides: A Theoretical Study on Their Spectroscopic and Thermodynamic Properties. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:6171-6184. [PMID: 36053120 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c04690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Spectroscopic and thermodynamics properties including bond dissociation energies (BDEs), adiabatic electron affinities (AEAs), and ionization energies (IEs) have been predicted for AcH and PaH using the Feller-Peterson-Dixon composite approach. Comparisons with previous studies on ThH and UH were performed to identify possible trends in the actinide series. Multireference CASPT2 calculations were used to predict the spin-orbit effects and obtain potential energy curves for the low-lying Ω states around the equilibrium distance as well as the vertical detachment energies (VDEs) from AcH- and PaH- to excited states of the neutral species. The calculated AEA for AnH (An = Ac, Th, Pa, U) showed that the AEA increases from AcH (0.425 eV) to ThH (0.820 eV) and decreases to PaH (0.781 eV) and to UH (0.457 eV), whereas the IE values are 5.887 eV (AcH), 6.181 eV (ThH), 6.204 eV (PaH), and 6.182 eV (UH). The ground state of AcH, AcH-, PaH, and PaH- are predicted to be1Σ+0,2Π3/2, 3H4, and 4I9/2, respectively. The BDEs for AcH and PaH are 276.4 and 237.2 kJ/mol, and those for AcH- and PaH- are 242.8 and 239.8 kJ/mol, respectively. The natural bond analysis shows a significant ionic character, An+H-, in the bonding of the neutral hydrides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel F de Melo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35401, United States
| | - David A Dixon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35401, United States
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6
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Goodwin CAP, Wooles AJ, Murillo J, Lu E, Boronski JT, Scott BL, Gaunt AJ, Liddle ST. Carbene Complexes of Neptunium. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:9764-9774. [PMID: 35609882 PMCID: PMC9490846 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Since the advent
of organotransuranium chemistry six decades ago,
structurally verified complexes remain restricted to π-bonded
carbocycle and σ-bonded hydrocarbyl derivatives. Thus, transuranium-carbon
multiple or dative bonds are yet to be reported. Here, utilizing diphosphoniomethanide
precursors we report the synthesis and characterization of transuranium-carbene
derivatives, namely, diphosphonio-alkylidene- and N-heterocyclic carbene–neptunium(III) complexes that exhibit
polarized-covalent σ2π2 multiple
and dative σ2 single transuranium-carbon bond interactions,
respectively. The reaction of [NpIIII3(THF)4] with [Rb(BIPMTMSH)] (BIPMTMSH = {HC(PPh2NSiMe3)2}1–) affords
[(BIPMTMSH)NpIII(I)2(THF)] (3Np) in situ, and subsequent treatment with the N-heterocyclic carbene {C(NMeCMe)2} (IMe4) allows
isolation of [(BIPMTMSH)NpIII(I)2(IMe4)] (4Np). Separate treatment of in situ
prepared 3Np with benzyl potassium in 1,2-dimethoxyethane
(DME) affords [(BIPMTMS)NpIII(I)(DME)] (5Np, BIPMTMS = {C(PPh2NSiMe3)2}2–). Analogously, addition of benzyl
potassium and IMe4 to 4Np gives [(BIPMTMS)NpIII(I)(IMe4)2] (6Np). The synthesis of 3Np–6Np was facilitated by adopting a scaled-down prechoreographed approach
using cerium synthetic surrogates. The thorium(III) and uranium(III)
analogues of these neptunium(III) complexes are currently unavailable,
meaning that the synthesis of 4Np–6Np provides an example of experimental grounding of 5f- vs 5f- and
5f- vs 4f-element bonding and reactivity comparisons being led by
nonaqueous transuranium chemistry rather than thorium and uranium
congeners. Computational analysis suggests that these NpIII=C bonds are more covalent than UIII=C,
CeIII=C, and PmIII=C congeners
but comparable to analogous UIV=C bonds in terms
of bond orders and total metal contributions to the M=C bonds.
A preliminary assessment of NpIII=C reactivity has
introduced multiple bond metathesis to transuranium chemistry, extending
the range of known metallo-Wittig reactions to encompass actinide
oxidation states III-VI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conrad A P Goodwin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.,Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Ashley J Wooles
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Jesse Murillo
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Erli Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Josef T Boronski
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Brian L Scott
- Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Andrew J Gaunt
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Stephen T Liddle
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
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Cox RM, Harouaka K, Citir M, Armentrout PB. Activation of CO 2 by Actinide Cations (Th +, U +, Pu +, and Am +) as Studied by Guided Ion Beam and Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:8168-8181. [PMID: 35536874 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of CO2 with Th+ have been studied using guided ion beam tandem mass spectrometry (GIBMS) and with An+ (An+ = Th+, U+, Pu+, and Am+) using triple quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (QQQ-ICP-MS). Additionally, the reactions ThO+ + CO and ThO+ + CO2 were examined using GIBMS. Modeling the kinetic energy-dependent GIBMS data allowed the determination of bond dissociation energies (BDEs) for D0(Th+-O) and D0(OTh+-O) that are in reasonable agreement with previous GIBMS measurements. The QQQ-ICP-MS reactions were studied at higher pressures where multiple collisions between An+ and the neutral CO2 occur. As a consequence, both AnO+ and AnO2+ products were observed for all An+ except Am+, where only AmO+ was observed. The relative abundances of the observed monoxides compared to the dioxides are consistent with previous reports of the AnOn+ (n = 1, 2) BDEs. A comparison of the periodic trends of the group 4 transition metal, lanthanide (Ln), and actinide atomic cations in reactions with CO2 (a formally spin-forbidden reaction for most M+ ground states) and O2 (a spin-unrestricted reaction) indicates that spin conservation plays a minor role, if any, for the heavier Ln+ and An+ metals. Further correlation of Ln+ and An+ + CO2 reaction efficiencies with the promotion energy (Ep) to the first electronic state with two valence d-electrons (Ep(5d2) for Ln+ and Ep(6d2) for An+) indicates that the primary limitation in the activation of CO2 is the energetic cost to promote from the electronic ground state of the atomic metal ion to a reactive state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Cox
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850, United States.,Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Khadouja Harouaka
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Murat Citir
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850, United States
| | - P B Armentrout
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850, United States
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8
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Abstract
Neptunium was the first actinide element to be artificially synthesized, yet, compared with its more famous neighbours uranium and plutonium, is less conspicuously studied. Most neptunium chemistry involves the neptunyl di(oxo)-motif, and transuranic compounds with one metal-ligand multiple bond are rare, being found only in extended-structure oxide, fluoride or oxyhalide materials. These combinations stabilize the required high oxidation states, which are otherwise challenging to realize for transuranic ions. Here we report the synthesis, isolation and characterization of a stable molecular neptunium(V)-mono(oxo) triamidoamine complex. We describe a strong Np≡O triple bond with dominant 5f-orbital contributions and σu > πu energy ordering, akin to terminal uranium-nitrides and di(oxo)-actinyls, but not the uranium-mono(oxo) triple bonds or other actinide multiple bonds reported so far. This work demonstrates that molecular high-oxidation-state transuranic complexes with a single metal-ligand bond can be stabilized and studied in isolation.
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9
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Zhao ZY, Wang GL, Chen XD, Qi CB, Sun XL. Quantum chemical study of reaction mechanism between plutonium and nitrogen. J Mol Model 2021; 27:363. [PMID: 34825997 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-021-04983-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The study of the reaction between plutonium and nitrogen is helpful in further understanding the interaction between plutonium and air molecules. Currently, there is no research on the microscopic reaction mechanism of plutonium nitridation reactions. Therefore, the microscopic mechanism of the Pu with N2 gas phase reaction is explored in this study, based on density functional theory (DFT) using different basis functions. In this paper, the geometry of stationary points on the potential energy surface is optimized. In addition, the transition states are verified by frequency analysis and intrinsic reaction coordination (IRC). Finally, we obtained the reaction potential energy curve and micro reaction pathways. Analysis of the reaction mechanism shows that the reaction of Pu with N2 has two pathways. Pathway 1 (Pu + N2 → R1 → TS1 → PuN2) has a T-shaped transition state and pathway 2 (Pu + N2 → R2 → TS2 → PuN + N) has an L-shaped transition state. Both transition states have only one imaginary frequency. According to the comparison of the energy at each stagnation point along the two pathways, and the heat energy emitted by the two reaction paths, we found that pathway 1 is the main reaction pathway. The nature of Pu-N bonding evolution along the pathways was studied by atoms in molecules (AIM) and electron localization function (ELF) topological approaches. In order to analyze the role of the plutonium atom 5f orbital in the reaction, the variation in density state along the pathways was measured. Results show that the 5f orbital mainly contributes to the formation of Pu-N bonds, and the influence of temperature on the reaction rate is revealed by calculating the rate constants of the two reaction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Yang Zhao
- Graduate School, Rocket Force University of Engineering, Xian, Shanxi, 710025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guo-Liang Wang
- Nuclear Science and Technology Laboratory, Rocket Force University of Engineering, Xian, Shanxi, 710025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu-Dan Chen
- Graduate School, Rocket Force University of Engineering, Xian, Shanxi, 710025, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Bao Qi
- Graduate School, Rocket Force University of Engineering, Xian, Shanxi, 710025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Li Sun
- Nuclear Science and Technology Laboratory, Rocket Force University of Engineering, Xian, Shanxi, 710025, People's Republic of China
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10
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Cowie BE, Douair I, Maron L, Love JB, Arnold PL. Selective oxo ligand functionalisation and substitution reactivity in an oxo/catecholate-bridged U IV/U IV Pacman complex. Chem Sci 2020; 11:7144-7157. [PMID: 33033607 PMCID: PMC7499863 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02297g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The oxo- and catecholate-bridged UIV/UIV Pacman complex [{(py)UIVOUIV(μ-O2C6H4)(py)}(LA)] A (LA = a macrocyclic "Pacman" ligand; anthracenylene hinge between N4-donor pockets, ethyl substituents on meso-carbon atom of each N4-donor pocket) featuring a bent UIV-O-UIV oxo bridge readily reacts with small molecule substrates to undergo either oxo-atom functionalisation or substitution. Complex A reacts with H2O or MeOH to afford [{(py)UIV(μ-OH)2UIV(μ-O2C6H4)(py)}(LA)] (1) and [{(py)UIV(μ-OH)(μ-OMe)UIV(μ-O2C6H4)(py)}(LA)] (2), respectively, in which the bridging oxo ligand in A is substituted for two bridging hydroxo ligands or one bridging hydroxo and one bridging methoxy ligand, respectively. Alternatively, A reacts with either 0.5 equiv. of S8 or 4 equiv. of Se to provide [{(py)UIV(μ-η2:η2-E2)UIV(μ-O2C6H4)(py)}(LA)] (E = S (3), Se (4)) respectively, in which the [E2]2- ion bridges the two UIV centres. To the best of our knowledge, complex A is the first example of either a d- or f-block bimetallic μ-oxo complex that activates elemental chalcogens. Complex A also reacts with XeF2 or 2 equiv. of Me3SiCl to provide [{(py)UIV(μ-X)2UIV(μ-O2C6H4)(py)}(LA)] (X = F (5), Cl (6)), in which the oxo ligand has been substituted for two bridging halido ligands. Reacting A with either XeF2 or Me3SiCl in the presence of O(Bcat)2 at room temperature forms [{(py)UIV(μ-X)(μ-OBcat)UIV(μ-O2C6H4)(py)}(LA)] (X = F (5A), Cl (6A)), which upon heating to 80 °C is converted to 5 and 6, respectively. In order to probe the importance of the bent UIV-O-UIV motif in A on the observed reactivity, the bis(boroxido)-UIV/UIV complex, [{(py)(pinBO)UIVOUIV(OBpin)(py)}(LA)] (B), featuring a linear UIV-O-UIV bond angle was treated with H2O and Me3SiCl. Complex B reacts with two equiv. of either H2O or Me3SiCl to provide [{(py)HOUIVOUIVOH(py)}(LA)] (7) and [{(py)ClUIVOUIVCl(py)}(LA)] (8), respectively, in which reactions occur preferentially at the boroxido ligands, with the μ-oxo ligand unchanged. The formal UIV oxidation state is retained in all of the products 1-8, and selective reactions at the bridging oxo ligand in A is facilitated by: (1) its highly nucleophilic character which is a result of a non-linear UIV-O-UIV bond angle causing an increase in U-O bond covalency and localisation of the lone pairs of electrons on the μ-oxo group, and (2) the presence of the bridging catecholate ligand, which destabilises a linear oxo-bridging geometry and stabilises the resulting products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley E Cowie
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , The University of Edinburgh , Joseph Black Building, The King's Buildings , Edinburgh , EH9 3FJ , UK
| | - Iskander Douair
- Université de Toulouse , INSA , UPS , CNRS , UMR 5215 , LPCNO , 135 Avenue de Rangueil , F-31077 Toulouse , France
| | - Laurent Maron
- Université de Toulouse , INSA , UPS , CNRS , UMR 5215 , LPCNO , 135 Avenue de Rangueil , F-31077 Toulouse , France
| | - Jason B Love
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , The University of Edinburgh , Joseph Black Building, The King's Buildings , Edinburgh , EH9 3FJ , UK
| | - Polly L Arnold
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , The University of Edinburgh , Joseph Black Building, The King's Buildings , Edinburgh , EH9 3FJ , UK
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11
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Reaction mechanism of synthetic thorium sulfides: theoretical calculation study. J Mol Model 2020; 26:123. [PMID: 32385588 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-020-04392-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Actinide sulfides are especially significant in actinide chemistry because of their potentials that are used as nuclear fuel and the wide variety of their stoichiometries and physical properties. It is essential for studying the synthesis mechanism of actinide sulfides. In this study, the reactions of thorium cation Th2+ with the facile sulfur-atom donor OCS to produce thorium sulfides have been systematically explored by using density functional. The detailed insights of the primary reaction and secondary reaction paths are reported. We investigated that the multiple bonding characters and complexes involved in reaction exhibit significant covalent character. The reaction rate indicated that the tunneling effect is small compared with the effect of temperature on the rate. This study addresses some of the current limitation in understanding the detailed reaction information of Th2++OCS.
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Cox RM, Armentrout PB. Activation of Water by Thorium Cation: A Guided Ion Beam and Quantum Chemical Study. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2019; 30:1835-1849. [PMID: 31016605 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-019-02162-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of atomic thorium cations with deuterated water as a function of kinetic energy from thermal to 10 eV was studied using guided ion beam tandem mass spectrometry. At thermal energies, both ThO+ + D2 and DThO+ + D are formed in barrierless exothermic processes and reproduce results in the literature obtained using ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. As the energy is increased, the branching ratio between these two channels changes such that the dominant product changes from ThO+ to DThO+ and back to ThO+, until ThD+ + OD is energetically available and is the dominant product channel. To help understand these experimental results, a variety of theoretical approaches were tried and used to establish a potential energy surface, which compares well with previous theoretical studies. Utilizing the theoretical results, the kinetic energy dependent branching ratio between the ThO+ + D2 and DThO+ + D channels was calculated using both RRKM and phase space theory (PST). The results indicate that consideration of angular momentum conservation (as in PST) and spin-orbit corrected energies are needed to reproduce experimental results quantitatively. The PST modeling also provides relative energies for the two competing transition states that lead to the primary products, for which theory provides reasonable agreement. Graphical Abstract Note: This data is.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Cox
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112-0850, USA
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - P B Armentrout
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112-0850, USA.
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13
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Cox RM, Kafle A, Armentrout PB, Peterson KA. Bond energy of ThN+: A guided ion beam and quantum chemical investigation of the reactions of thorium cation with N2 and NO. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:034304. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5111534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Richard M. Cox
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850, USA
| | - Arjun Kafle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850, USA
| | - P. B. Armentrout
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850, USA
| | - Kirk A. Peterson
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-4630, USA
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14
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Luo W, Wang Q, Wang X, Gao T. The plutonium chemistry of Pu + O2 system: the theoretical investigation of the plutonium–oxygen interaction. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-018-01587-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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15
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Tecmer P, González-Espinoza CE. Electron correlation effects of the ThO and ThS molecules in the spinor basis. A relativistic coupled cluster study of ground and excited states properties. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:23424-23432. [PMID: 30182118 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00048d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present a comprehensive relativistic coupled cluster study of the electronic structures of the ThO and ThS molecules in the spinor basis. Specifically, we use the single-reference coupled cluster and the multi-reference Fock Space Coupled Cluster (FSCC) methods to model their ground and electronically-excited states. Two variants of the FSCC method have been investigated: (a) one where the electronic spectrum is obtained from sector (1,1) of the Fock space, and (b) another where the excited states come from the doubly attached electronic states to the doubly charged systems (ThO2+ and ThS2+), that is, from sector (0,2) of the Fock space. Our study provides a reliable set of spectroscopic parameters such as bond lengths, excitation energies, and vibrational frequencies, as well as a detailed analysis of the electron correlation effects in the ThO and ThS molecules. Finally, we examine the first ionization potential and electron affinity of the above mentioned molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Tecmer
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Torun, Poland.
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Zhang L, Du J, Jiang G. Gas-phase COS activation by U+: Reaction mechanisms and bonding analysis. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633617500109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used to investigate the gas phase reaction of U[Formula: see text] with COS to produce US[Formula: see text]CO and UO[Formula: see text]CS. It is shown that the two reactions are exothermic and the formation of UO[Formula: see text]CS has the lower energy barrier which agrees with the experimental result that UO[Formula: see text] is the main product. The reaction mechanisms and the potential energy profiles (CPEPs) considering different spin states were presented in detail. Diverse analyses including atoms in molecules, natural bond orbital were used to study the bonding properties of all the involved species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Zhang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Jiguang Du
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| | - Gang Jiang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
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17
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Lucena AF, Bandeira NAG, Pereira CCL, Gibson JK, Marçalo J. Synthesis, structure and bonding of actinide disulphide dications in the gas phase. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:10685-10694. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp01446e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CASPT2 computations reveal that gas-phase AnS22+ ions have ground states with triangular geometries and linear thio-actinyl structures are higher in energy, with a difference that increases upon moving from U to Pu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana F. Lucena
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- Universidade de Lisboa
- 2695-066 Bobadela LRS
- Portugal
| | - Nuno A. G. Bandeira
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)
- Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST)
- 43007 Tarragona
- Spain
- Centro de Química Estrutural
| | - Cláudia C. L. Pereira
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- Universidade de Lisboa
- 2695-066 Bobadela LRS
- Portugal
| | - John K. Gibson
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley
- USA
| | - Joaquim Marçalo
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- Universidade de Lisboa
- 2695-066 Bobadela LRS
- Portugal
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18
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19
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Cox RM, Citir M, Armentrout PB, Battey SR, Peterson KA. Bond energies of ThO+ and ThC+: A guided ion beam and quantum chemical investigation of the reactions of thorium cation with O2 and CO. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:184309. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4948812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Cox
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850, USA
| | - Murat Citir
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850, USA
| | - P. B. Armentrout
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850, USA
| | - Samuel R. Battey
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-4630, USA
| | - Kirk A. Peterson
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-4630, USA
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20
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Andrez J, Pécaut J, Scopelliti R, Kefalidis CE, Maron L, Rosenzweig MW, Meyer K, Mazzanti M. Synthesis and reactivity of a terminal uranium(iv) sulfide supported by siloxide ligands. Chem Sci 2016; 7:5846-5856. [PMID: 30034725 PMCID: PMC6024242 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc00675b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The S-transfer reaction from Ph3PS to the tetrasiloxide U(iii) complex [U(OSi(OtBu)3)4K] affords a stable U(iv) triply bonded terminal sulfide that can be protonated to yield a U(iv) doubly bonded terminal hydrosulfide.
The reactions of the tetrasiloxide U(iii) complexes [U(OSi(OtBu)3)4K] and [U(OSi(OtBu)3)4][K18c6] with 0.5 equiv. of triphenylphosphine sulfide led to reductive S-transfer reactions, affording the U(iv) sulfide complexes [SU(OSi(OtBu)3)4K2]2, 1, and [{SU(OSi(OtBu)3)4K2}2(μ-18c6)], 2, with concomitant formation of the U(iv) complex [U(OSi(OtBu)3)4]. Addition of 1 equiv. of 2.2.2-cryptand to complex 1 resulted in the isolation of a terminal sulfide complex, [SU(OSi(OtBu)3)4K][Kcryptand], 3. The crucial role of the K+ Lewis acid in these reductive sulfur transfer reactions was confirmed, since the formation of complex 3 from the reaction of the U(iii) complex [U(OSi(OtBu)3)4][Kcryptand] and 0.5 equiv. of PPh3S was not possible. Reactivity studies of the U(iv) sulfide complexes showed that the sulfide is easily transferred to CO2 and CS2 to afford S-functionalized products. Moreover, we have found that the sulfide provides a convenient precursor for the synthesis of the corresponding U(iv) hydrosulfide, {[(SH)U(OSi(OtBu)3)4][K18c6]}, 5, after protonation with PyHCl. Finally, DFT calculations were performed to investigate the nature of the U–S bond in complexes 1, 3 and 5. Based on various analyses, triple-bond character was suggested for the U–S bond in complexes 1 and 3, while double-bond character was determined for the U–SH bond in complex 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Andrez
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland .
| | - Jacques Pécaut
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes , INAC-SyMMES , RICC , F-38000 Grenoble , France.,CEA , INAC-SyMMES , F-38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland .
| | - Christos E Kefalidis
- Université de Toulouse et CNRS INSA , UPS , CNRS , UMR 5215 , LPCNO , 135 avenue de Rangueil , 31077 Toulouse , France
| | - Laurent Maron
- Université de Toulouse et CNRS INSA , UPS , CNRS , UMR 5215 , LPCNO , 135 avenue de Rangueil , 31077 Toulouse , France
| | - Michael W Rosenzweig
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Inorganic Chemistry , Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstraße 1 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Karsten Meyer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Inorganic Chemistry , Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstraße 1 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland .
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21
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Cox RM, Armentrout PB, de Jong WA. Reactions of Th+ + H2, D2, and HD Studied by Guided Ion Beam Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Quantum Chemical Calculations. J Phys Chem B 2015; 120:1601-14. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b08008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Cox
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850 United States
| | - P. B. Armentrout
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850 United States
| | - Wibe A. de Jong
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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22
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23
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Dau PD, Wilson RE, Gibson JK. Elucidating Protactinium Hydrolysis: The Relative Stabilities of PaO2(H2O)+ and PaO(OH)2+. Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b01078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Phuong D. Dau
- Chemical Sciences
Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Richard E. Wilson
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - John K. Gibson
- Chemical Sciences
Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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24
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Huang QR, Kingham JR, Kaltsoyannis N. The strength of actinide-element bonds from the quantum theory of atoms-in-molecules. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:2554-66. [PMID: 25307773 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt02323d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
[AnX(3)](2)(μ-η(2):η(2)-N(2)) (An = Th-Pu; X = F, Cl, Br, Me, H, OPh) have been studied using relativistic density functional theory. Geometric and vibrational data suggest that metal→N(2) charge transfer maximises at the protactinium systems, which feature the longest N-N bonds and the smallest σ(N-N), as a result of partial population of the N-N π* orbitals. There is very strong correlation of the standard quantum theory of atoms-in-molecules (QTAIM) metrics - bond critical point ρ, ∇(2)ρ and H and delocalisation indices - with An-N and N-N bond lengths and σ(N-N), but the correlation with An-N interaction energies is very poor. A similar situation exists for the other systems studied; neutral and cationic actinide monoxide and dioxides, and AnL(3+) and AnL(3)(3+) (L = pyridine (Py), pyrazine (Pz) and triazine (Tz)) with the exception of some of the ∇(2)ρ data, for which moderate to good correlations with energy data are sometimes seen. By contrast, in almost all cases there is very strong correlation of interaction and bond energies with |ΔQ(QTAIM)(An)|, a simple QTAIM metric which measures the amount of charge transferred to or from the actinide on compound formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Rui Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
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25
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Heaven MC, Barker BJ, Antonov IO. Spectroscopy and structure of the simplest actinide bonds. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:10867-81. [PMID: 25243837 DOI: 10.1021/jp507283n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the influence of electrons in partially filled f- and d-orbitals on bonding and reactivity is a key issue for actinide chemistry. This question can be investigated by using a combination of well-defined experimental measurements and theoretical calculations. Gas phase spectroscopic data are particularly valuable for the evaluation of theoretical models. Consequently, the primary objectives of our research have been to obtain gas phase spectra for small actinide molecules. To complement the experimental effort, we are investigating the potential for using relativistic ab initio calculations and semiempirical models to predict and interpret the electronic energy level patterns for f-element compounds. Multiple resonance spectroscopy and jet cooling techniques have been used to unravel the complex electronic spectra of Th and U compounds. Recent results for fluorides, sulfides, and nitrides are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Heaven
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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26
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Le A, Heaven MC, Steimle TC. The permanent electric dipole moment of thorium sulfide, ThS. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:024307. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4861045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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27
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Gas-Phase Ion Chemistry of Rare Earths and Actinides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63256-2.00263-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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28
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Pereira CCL, Michelini MDC, Marçalo J, Gong Y, Gibson JK. Synthesis and properties of uranium sulfide cations. An evaluation of the stability of thiouranyl, {S═U═S}2+. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:14162-7. [PMID: 24256167 DOI: 10.1021/ic4020493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Atomic uranium cations, U(+) and U(2+), reacted with the facile sulfur-atom donor OCS to produce several monopositive and dipositive uranium sulfide species containing up to four sulfur atoms. Sequential abstraction of two sulfur atoms by U(2+) resulted in US2(2+); density functional theory computations indicate that the ground-state structure for this species is side-on η(2)-S2 triangular US2(2+), with the linear thiouranyl isomer, {S═U(VI)═S}(2+), some 171 kJ mol(-1) higher in energy. The result that the linear thiouranyl structure is a local minimum at a moderate energy suggests that it should be feasible to stabilize this moiety in molecular compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia C L Pereira
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa , 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
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29
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Odoh SO, Govind N, Schreckenbach G, de Jong WA. Cation–Cation Interactions in [(UO2)2(OH)n]4–n Complexes. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:11269-79. [DOI: 10.1021/ic4015338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel O. Odoh
- Environmental
Molecular Science Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Niranjan Govind
- Environmental
Molecular Science Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Georg Schreckenbach
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2
| | - Wibe A. de Jong
- Environmental
Molecular Science Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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30
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Wang X, Andrews L, Thanthiriwatte KS, Dixon DA. Infrared Spectra of H2ThS and H2US in Noble Gas Matrixes: Enhanced H-An-S Covalent Bonding. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:10275-85. [DOI: 10.1021/ic400560k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, United States
| | - Lester Andrews
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, United States
| | - K. Sahan Thanthiriwatte
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - David A. Dixon
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
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31
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Bartlett JH, Antonov IO, Heaven MC. Spectroscopic and Theoretical Investigations of ThS and ThS+. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:12042-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp404419m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua H. Bartlett
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Ivan O. Antonov
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Michael C. Heaven
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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32
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Odoh SO, Schreckenbach G. DFT Study of Uranyl Peroxo Complexes with H2O, F–, OH–, CO32-, and NO3–. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:5590-602. [DOI: 10.1021/ic400652b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel O. Odoh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
R3T 2N2
| | - Georg Schreckenbach
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
R3T 2N2
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