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Barth I, Conteduca D, Dong P, Wragg J, Sahoo PK, Arruda GS, Martins ER, Krauss TF. Phase noise matching in resonant metasurfaces for intrinsic sensing stability. OPTICA 2024; 11:354-361. [PMID: 38638165 PMCID: PMC11023067 DOI: 10.1364/optica.510524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Interferometry offers a precise means of interrogating resonances in dielectric and plasmonic metasurfaces, surpassing spectrometer-imposed resolution limits. However, interferometry implementations often face complexity or instability issues due to heightened sensitivity. Here, we address the necessity for noise compensation and tolerance by harnessing the inherent capabilities of photonic resonances. Our proposed solution, termed "resonant phase noise matching," employs optical referencing to align the phases of equally sensitive, orthogonal components of the same mode. This effectively mitigates drift and noise, facilitating the detection of subtle phase changes induced by a target analyte through spatially selective surface functionalization. Validation of this strategy using Fano resonances in a 2D photonic crystal slab showcases noteworthy phase stability (σ < 10 - 4 π ). With demonstrated label-free detection of low-molecular-weight proteins at clinically relevant concentrations, resonant phase noise matching presents itself as a potentially valuable strategy for advancing scalable, high-performance sensing technology beyond traditional laboratory settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Barth
- School of Physics Engineering and Technology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Donato Conteduca
- School of Physics Engineering and Technology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Pin Dong
- School of Physics Engineering and Technology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Jasmine Wragg
- School of Physics Engineering and Technology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Pankaj K. Sahoo
- School of Physics Engineering and Technology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Guilherme S. Arruda
- Sao Carlos School of Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Carlos-SP 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Emiliano R. Martins
- Sao Carlos School of Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Carlos-SP 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Thomas F. Krauss
- School of Physics Engineering and Technology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
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2
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Fu J, Wynne R. Microfluidic analysis of 3T3 cellular transport in a photonic crystal fiber: part I. APPLIED OPTICS 2024; 63:1272-1281. [PMID: 38437307 DOI: 10.1364/ao.506695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
This microfluidic-optical fiber sensor is an experimental system designed to transport and monitor 3D cell cultures, facilitating medical research and technology. This system includes a photonic crystal fiber with a hollow core diameter of 22 µm, which functions as a bridge between two microfluidic devices. The purpose of this system was to transport 3T3 cells (of diameters from 15 µm to 23 µm) between the two devices. At low Reynold's and capillary numbers, spectroscopic analysis confirmed the presence of cellular aggregation at the interface of the fiber and microfluidic device. The transcapillary conductance, T C, is a separate analysis that models the behavior of a cellular aggregate through the hollow channel of a photonic crystal fiber. For the experimental system, conventional fluid mechanics theory is limited and requires special treatment of conditions at the microscale, such that transcapillary conductance treatment was employed. The transcapillary conductance, T C, was empirically derived to model cellular transport at the microfluidic scale and is useful for comparing transport events. For example, for a pressure differential of Δ p=1.5⋅103 c m H 2 O, the transcapillary conductance values were determined to be 10-12
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3
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Ansaryan S, Liu YC, Li X, Economou AM, Eberhardt CS, Jandus C, Altug H. High-throughput spatiotemporal monitoring of single-cell secretions via plasmonic microwell arrays. Nat Biomed Eng 2023:10.1038/s41551-023-01017-1. [PMID: 37012313 PMCID: PMC10365996 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-023-01017-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Methods for the analysis of cell secretions at the single-cell level only provide semiquantitative endpoint readouts. Here we describe a microwell array for the real-time spatiotemporal monitoring of extracellular secretions from hundreds of single cells in parallel. The microwell array incorporates a gold substrate with arrays of nanometric holes functionalized with receptors for a specific analyte, and is illuminated with light spectrally overlapping with the device's spectrum of extraordinary optical transmission. Spectral shifts in surface plasmon resonance resulting from analyte-receptor bindings around a secreting cell are recorded by a camera as variations in the intensity of the transmitted light while machine-learning-assisted cell tracking eliminates the influence of cell movements. We used the microwell array to characterize the antibody-secretion profiles of hybridoma cells and of a rare subset of antibody-secreting cells sorted from human donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells. High-throughput measurements of spatiotemporal secretory profiles at the single-cell level will aid the study of the physiological mechanisms governing protein secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Ansaryan
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yen-Cheng Liu
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Xiaokang Li
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Agora Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Christiane Sigrid Eberhardt
- Center for Vaccinology, University Hospitals Geneva and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Woman, Child and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Camilla Jandus
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Agora Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hatice Altug
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Li L, Du F, Zong X, Cui L, Liu Y. Plasmonic crystals fabricated by nanosphere lithography for advanced biosensing. APPLIED OPTICS 2022; 61:6924-6930. [PMID: 36255774 DOI: 10.1364/ao.464826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic nanostructures have attracted wide attention in the past few years for their promising applications such as surface-enhanced spectroscopies, chemical or biosensing, and so on. However, the fabrication of plasmonic nanostructures relies on traditional photolithography methods such as electron beam lithography and focused ion beam lithography, which have inherent shortcomings, such as high fabrication cost and being time-consuming. Here, using the nanosphere lithography approach, we fabricate large-area long-range ordered periodic Au nanohole arrays on an opaque Au substrate. The structure supports spectral-isolation and well-defined plasmonic resonances favorable to spectral monitoring at normal incidence of light. The bulk sensitivity of up to 403 nm/RIU is measured for the plasmon modes. Furthermore, we assess the surface-sensing performance of the system and obtain a near-field decay length of about 240 nm, meaning that it is desirable to detect the biological protein molecules. The suggested plasmonic-sensing platform has broad application prospects in the development of low-cost and high-throughput biosensor chips.
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Experimental Study of a Quad-Band Metamaterial-Based Plasmonic Perfect Absorber as a Biosensor. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144576. [PMID: 35889446 PMCID: PMC9317817 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a metamaterial-based perfect absorber (PA) that strongly supports four resonances covering a wide spectral range from 1.8 µm to 10 µm of the electromagnetic spectrum. The designed perfect absorber has metal–dielectric–metal layers where a MgF2 spacer is sandwiched between an optically thick gold film and patterned gold nanoantennas. The spectral tuning of PA is achieved by calibrating the geometrical parameters numerically and experimentally. The manufactured quad-band plasmonic PA absorbs light close to the unity. Moreover, the biosensing capacity of the PA is tested using a 14 kDa S100A9 antibody, which is a clinically relevant biomarker for brain metastatic cancer cells. We utilize a UV-based photochemical immobilization technique for patterning of the antibody monolayer on a gold surface. Our results reveal that the presented PA is eligible for ultrasensitive detection of such small biomarkers in a point-of-care device to potentially personalize radiotherapy for patients with brain metastases.
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Tontarawongsa S, Visitsattapongse S, Pechprasarn S. Analysis of the surface plasmon resonance interferometric imaging performance of scanning confocal surface plasmon microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:485-501. [PMID: 35154887 PMCID: PMC8803038 DOI: 10.1364/boe.448085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Here, we apply rigorous coupled-wave theory to analyze the optical phase imaging performance of scanning confocal surface plasmon microscope. The scanning confocal surface plasmon resonance microscope is an embedded interferometric microscope interfering between two integrated optical beams. One beam is provided by the central part around the normal incident angle of the back focal plane, and the other beam is the incident angles beyond the critical angle, exciting the surface plasmon. Furthermore, the two beams can form an interference signal inside a confocal pinhole in the image plane, which provides a well-defined path for the surface plasmon propagation. The scanning confocal surface plasmon resonance microscope operates by scanning the sample along the optical axis z, so-called V(z). The study investigates two imaging modes: non-quantitative imaging and quantitative imaging modes. We also propose a theoretical framework to analyze the scanning confocal surface plasmon resonance microscope compared to non-interferometric surface plasmon microscopes and quantify quantitative performance parameters including spatial resolution and optical contrast for non-quantitative imaging; sensitivity and crosstalk for quantitative imaging. The scanning confocal SPR microscope can provide a higher spatial resolution, better sensitivity, and lower crosstalk measurement. The confocal SPR microscope configuration is a strong candidate for high throughput measurements since it requires a smaller sensing channel than the other SPR microscopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorawit Tontarawongsa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology, Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
| | - Sarinporn Visitsattapongse
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology, Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
| | - Suejit Pechprasarn
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Rangsit University, Pathum Thani 12000, Thailand
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Cetin AE, Kocer ZA, Topkaya SN, Yazici ZA. Handheld plasmonic biosensor for virus detection in field-settings. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2021; 344:130301. [PMID: 34149185 PMCID: PMC8206576 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2021.130301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
After World Health Organization (WHO) announced COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic, we all again realized the importance of developing rapid diagnostic kits. In this article, we introduced a lightweight and field-portable biosensor employing a plasmonic chip based on nanohole arrays integrated to a lensfree-imaging framework for label-free detection of viruses in field-settings. The platform utilizes a CMOS (complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor) camera with high quantum efficiency in the spectral window of interest to monitor diffraction field patterns of nanohole arrays under the uniform illumination of an LED (light-emitting diode) source which is spectrally tuned to the plasmonic mode supported by the nanohole arrays. As an example for the applicability of our biosensor for virus detection, we could successfully demonstrate the label-free detection of H1N1 viruses, e.g., swine flu, with medically relevant concentrations. We also developed a low-cost and easy-to-use sample preparation kit to prepare the surface of the plasmonic chip for analyte binding, e.g., virus-antibody binding. In order to reveal a complete biosensor technology, we also developed a user friendly Python™ - based graphical user interface (GUI) that allows direct access to biosensor hardware, taking and processing diffraction field images, and provides virus information to the end-user. Employing highly sensitive nanohole arrays and lensfree-imaging framework, our platform could yield an LOD as low as 103 TCID50/mL. Providing accurate and rapid sensing information in a handheld platform, weighing only 70 g and 12 cm tall, without the need for bulky and expensive instrumentation, our biosensor could be a very strong candidate for diagnostic applications in resource-poor settings. As our detection scheme is based on the use of antibodies, it could quickly adapt to the detection of different viral diseases, e.g., COVID-19 or influenza, by simply coating the plasmonic chip surface with an antibody possessing affinity to the virus type of interest. Possessing this ability, our biosensor could be swiftly deployed to the field in need for rapid diagnosis, which may be an important asset to prevent the spread of diseases before turning into a pandemic by isolating patients from the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif E Cetin
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Balcova, Izmir, 35340, Turkey
| | - Zeynep A Kocer
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Balcova, Izmir, 35340, Turkey
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Balcova, Izmir, 35340, Turkey
| | - Seda Nur Topkaya
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Cigli, Izmir, 35620, Turkey
| | - Ziya Ata Yazici
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Cankaya, Ankara, 06560, Turkey
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Khan MA, Zhu Y, Yao Y, Zhang P, Agrawal A, Reece PJ. Impact of metal crystallinity-related morphologies on the sensing performance of plasmonic nanohole arrays. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:7577-7585. [PMID: 32073105 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr00619j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic nanohole arrays for biosensing applications have attracted tremendous attention because of their flexibility in optical signature design, high multiplexing capabilities, simple optical alignment setup, and high sensitivity. The quality of the metal film, including metal crystallinity and surface roughness, plays an important role in determining the sensing performance because the interaction between free electrons in the metal and incident light is strongly influenced by the metal surface morphology. We systematically investigated the influence of metal crystallinity-related morphologies on the sensing performance of plasmonic nanohole arrays after different metal deposition processes. We utilised several non-destructive nanoscale surface characterisation techniques to perform a quantitative and comparative analysis of the Au quality of the fabricated sensor. We found empirically how the surface roughness and grain sizes influence the permittivity of the Au film and thus the sensitivity of the fabricated sensor. Finally we confirmed that the deposition conditions that provide both low surface roughness and large metal grain sizes improve the sensitivity of the plasmonic sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansoor Ali Khan
- St George and Sutherland Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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9
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Liu YC, Thantrakul C, Kan S, Chang-Hasnain C, Ho DR. Feasibility of Using High-Contrast Grating as a Point-of-Care Sensor for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Immunosuppressants. IEEE JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL ENGINEERING IN HEALTH AND MEDICINE 2020; 8:2800206. [PMID: 32296617 PMCID: PMC7156223 DOI: 10.1109/jtehm.2020.2966478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Point-of-care (POC) testing has demonstrated great transformative potential in personalized medicine. In particular, patients undergoing transplantation require POC testing to ensure appropriate serum immunosuppressant levels so as to maintain adequate graft function and survival. However, no suitable POC device for monitoring immunosuppressant levels is currently available. Exploiting the latest advances in metamaterials can lead to a breakthrough in POC testing. A high-contrast grating (HCG) biosensor is a low-cost, compact, simple-to-fabricate, and easy-to-operate structure. It is highly sensitive and robust in surface-based biomarker detection, which is favorable for the efficiency of a POC device. In this study, the feasibility of using an HCG as a POC sensor for therapeutic drug monitoring of immunosuppressants was evaluated. The detection efficiency of the most commonly prescribed immunosuppressive medication cyclosporine A by using this sensor was demonstrated to be comparable to those of conventional commercial kits, suggesting that the sensor has the potential to be used as a rapid detection and feedback platform for increasing drug compliance and improving new organ transplant survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Cheng Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer SciencesUniversity of California–BerkeleyBerkeleyCA94720USA
| | - Christina Thantrakul
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer SciencesUniversity of California–BerkeleyBerkeleyCA94720USA
| | - Shu Kan
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California–BerkeleyBerkeleyCA94720USA
| | - Connie Chang-Hasnain
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer SciencesUniversity of California–BerkeleyBerkeleyCA94720USA
| | - Dong-Ru Ho
- Center for Cardiovascular TechnologyDepartment of Cardiovascular MedicineStanford UniversityStanfordCA94305USA
- Division of UrologyDepartment of SurgeryChang Gung Memorial HospitalChiayi61363Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuan City33302Taiwan
- Department of NursingChang Gung University of Science and TechnologyChiayi61363Taiwan
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10
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Nan J, Zhu S, Ye S, Sun W, Yue Y, Tang X, Shi J, Xu X, Zhang J, Yang B. Ultrahigh-Sensitivity Sandwiched Plasmon Ruler for Label-Free Clinical Diagnosis. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1905927. [PMID: 31782568 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Optical biosensors, especially those based on plasmonic structures, have emerged recently as a potential tool for disease diagnostics. Plasmonic biosensors have demonstrated impressive benefits for the label-free detection of trace biomarkers in human serum. However, widespread applications of these technologies are hindered because of their insufficient sensitivity, their relatively complex chemical immobilization processes, and the use of prism couplers. Accordingly, a sandwiched plasmon ruler (SW-PR) based on a Au nanohole array with ultrahigh sensitivity arising from the plasmonic coupling effect is developed. Highly confined surface charges caused by Bloch wave surface plasmon polarizations substantially increase the coupling efficiency. This platform exhibits thickness sensitivity as high as 61 nm nm-1 and can detect at least 200 000-fold lower analyte concentrations than a nanowell sensing platform with the same wavelength shift. Additionally, the sandwiched plasmonic biosensor allows precise and label-free testing of clinical biomarkers, namely C-reactive protein and procalcitonin, in patient serum samples without requiring a sophisticated prism coupler, extra antibodies, or a chemical immobilization technique. This study yields new insight into the structural design of plasmon rulers and will open exciting avenues for disease diagnosis and therapy follow-up at the point-of-care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjie Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Shoujun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, P. R. China
| | - Shunsheng Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Weihong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Ying Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoduo Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Jingwei Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, P. R. China
| | - Xuesong Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, P. R. China
| | - Junhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Bai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
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11
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Yesilkoy F. Optical Interrogation Techniques for Nanophotonic Biochemical Sensors. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19194287. [PMID: 31623315 PMCID: PMC6806184 DOI: 10.3390/s19194287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The manipulation of light via nanoengineered surfaces has excited the optical community in the past few decades. Among the many applications enabled by nanophotonic devices, sensing has stood out due to their capability of identifying miniscule refractive index changes. In particular, when free-space propagating light effectively couples into subwavelength volumes created by nanostructures, the strongly-localized near-fields can enhance light’s interaction with matter at the nanoscale. As a result, nanophotonic sensors can non-destructively detect chemical species in real-time without the need of exogenous labels. The impact of such nanophotonic devices on biochemical sensor development became evident as the ever-growing research efforts in the field started addressing many critical needs in biomedical sciences, such as low-cost analytical platforms, simple quantitative bioassays, time-resolved sensing, rapid and multiplexed detection, single-molecule analytics, among others. In this review, the optical transduction methods used to interrogate optical resonances of nanophotonic sensors will be highlighted. Specifically, the optical methodologies used thus far will be evaluated based on their capability of addressing key requirements of the future sensor technologies, including miniaturization, multiplexing, spatial and temporal resolution, cost and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filiz Yesilkoy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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12
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Cetin AE, Topkaya SN. Photonic crystal and plasmonic nanohole based label-free biodetection. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 132:196-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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13
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Bandaru P, Chu D, Sun W, Lasli S, Zhao C, Hou S, Zhang S, Ni J, Cefaloni G, Ahadian S, Dokmeci MR, Sengupta S, Lee J, Khademhosseini A. A Microfabricated Sandwiching Assay for Nanoliter and High-Throughput Biomarker Screening. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1900300. [PMID: 30884183 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201900300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cells secrete substances that are essential to the understanding of numerous immunological phenomena and are extensively used in clinical diagnoses. Countless techniques for screening of biomarker secretion in living cells have generated valuable information on cell function and physiology, but low volume and real-time analysis is a bottleneck for a range of approaches. Here, a simple, highly sensitive assay using a high-throughput micropillar and microwell array chip (MIMIC) platform is presented for monitoring of biomarkers secreted by cancer cells. The sensing element is a micropillar array that uses the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) mechanism to detect captured biomolecules. When integrated with a microwell array where few cells are localized, interleukin 8 (IL-8) secretion can be monitored with nanoliter volume using multiple micropillar arrays. The trend of cell secretions measured using MIMICs matches the results from conventional ELISA well while it requires orders of magnitude less cells and volumes. Moreover, the proposed MIMIC is examined to be used as a drug screening platform by delivering drugs using micropillar arrays in combination with a microfluidic system and then detecting biomolecules from cells as exposed to drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Bandaru
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Dafeng Chu
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Wujin Sun
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Soufian Lasli
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Chuanzhen Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Shuang Hou
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Shiming Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jiahua Ni
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Giorgia Cefaloni
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Samad Ahadian
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Mehmet Remzi Dokmeci
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Shiladitya Sengupta
- Department of Medicine, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Junmin Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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14
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Liao Z, Zhang Y, Li Y, Miao Y, Gao S, Lin F, Deng Y, Geng L. Microfluidic chip coupled with optical biosensors for simultaneous detection of multiple analytes: A review. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 126:697-706. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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15
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Kim S, Lee Y, Kim JY, Yang JH, Kwon HJ, Hwang JY, Moon C, Jang JE. Color-sensitive and spectrometer-free plasmonic sensor for biosensing applications. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 126:743-750. [PMID: 30553104 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A color-sensitive and spectrometer-free sensing method using plasmonic nanohole arrays and the color components, L* , a* , and b* , of the CIELAB defined by the international commission on illumination (CIE) is introduced for the analysis of optically transparent materials in the visible range. Spectral analysis based on plasmonic nanoparticles or nanostructures can be applied to real-time bio-detection, but complex optical instrumentations and low spatial resolution have limited the sensing ability. Therefore, we take an advantage of color image processing instead of spectral analysis which induces the distinctive color information of plasmonic nanohole arrays with different transparent materials. It guarantees high spatial resolution which is essential to bio-detection such as living cells. To establish our sensing platform, the color components, L* , a* , and b* , were extracted from photo images by an image sensor, statistically processed using a JAVA program, and finally utilized as three individual sensing factors. Additionally, our study on a correlation between the spacing of plasmonic sensors and the color sensitivity to the refractive index reveals geometrically optimal conditions of nanohole arrays. The weighted mean calculation with the three individual sensing factors offers an enhanced distinction of the optical difference for transparent materials. In this work, a color sensitivity of 156.94 RIU-1 and a minimum mean absolute error of 1.298×10-4 RIU were achieved. The difference in the refractive index can be recognized up to 10-4 level with the suggested sensing platform and the signal process. This unique color-sensitive sensing method enables a simple, easy-to-control, and highly accurate analysis without complicated measurement systems including a spectrometer. Therefore, our sensing platform can be applied as a very powerful tool to in-situ label-free bio-detection fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunguk Kim
- Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | | | - Jae Yeon Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Hoon Yang
- Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyuk-Jun Kwon
- Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Youn Hwang
- Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Cheil Moon
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Eun Jang
- Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Li X, Soler M, Szydzik C, Khoshmanesh K, Schmidt J, Coukos G, Mitchell A, Altug H. Label-Free Optofluidic Nanobiosensor Enables Real-Time Analysis of Single-Cell Cytokine Secretion. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1800698. [PMID: 29806234 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201800698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell analysis of cytokine secretion is essential to understand the heterogeneity of cellular functionalities and develop novel therapies for multiple diseases. Unraveling the dynamic secretion process at single-cell resolution reveals the real-time functional status of individual cells. Fluorescent and colorimetric-based methodologies require tedious molecular labeling that brings inevitable interferences with cell integrity and compromises the temporal resolution. An innovative label-free optofluidic nanoplasmonic biosensor is introduced for single-cell analysis in real time. The nanobiosensor incorporates a novel design of a multifunctional microfluidic system with small volume microchamber and regulation channels for reliable monitoring of cytokine secretion from individual cells for hours. Different interleukin-2 secretion profiles are detected and distinguished from single lymphoma cells. The sensor configuration combined with optical spectroscopic imaging further allows us to determine the spatial single-cell secretion fingerprints in real time. This new biosensor system is anticipated to be a powerful tool to characterize single-cell signaling for basic and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Li
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maria Soler
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Crispin Szydzik
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3001, Australia
| | | | - Julien Schmidt
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne and Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, CH-1007, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - George Coukos
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne and Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, CH-1007, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Arnan Mitchell
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3001, Australia
| | - Hatice Altug
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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17
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Dong J, Salem DP, Sun JH, Strano MS. Analysis of Multiplexed Nanosensor Arrays Based on Near-Infrared Fluorescent Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. ACS NANO 2018; 12:3769-3779. [PMID: 29614219 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b00980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The high-throughput, label-free detection of biomolecules remains an important challenge in analytical chemistry with the potential of nanosensors to significantly increase the ability to multiplex such assays. In this work, we develop an optical sensor array, printable from a single-walled carbon nanotube/chitosan ink and functionalized to enable a divalent ion-based proximity quenching mechanism for transducing binding between a capture protein or an antibody with the target analyte. Arrays of 5 × 6, 200 μm near-infrared (nIR) spots at a density of ≈300 spots/cm2 are conjugated with immunoglobulin-binding proteins (proteins A, G, and L) for the detection of human IgG, mouse IgM, rat IgG2a, and human IgD. Binding kinetics are measured in a parallel, multiplexed fashion from each sensor spot using a custom laser scanning imaging configuration with an nIR photomultiplier tube detector. These arrays are used to examine cross-reactivity, competitive and nonspecific binding of analyte mixtures. We find that protein G and protein L functionalized sensors report selective responses to mouse IgM on the latter, as anticipated. Optically addressable platforms such as the one examined in this work have potential to significantly advance the real-time, multiplexed biomolecular detection of complex mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyao Dong
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Daniel P Salem
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Jessica H Sun
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Michael S Strano
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
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18
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La Spada L, Vegni L. Electromagnetic Nanoparticles for Sensing and Medical Diagnostic Applications. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11040603. [PMID: 29652853 PMCID: PMC5951487 DOI: 10.3390/ma11040603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A modeling and design approach is proposed for nanoparticle-based electromagnetic devices. First, the structure properties were analytically studied using Maxwell's equations. The method provides us a robust link between nanoparticles electromagnetic response (amplitude and phase) and their geometrical characteristics (shape, geometry, and dimensions). Secondly, new designs based on "metamaterial" concept are proposed, demonstrating great performances in terms of wide-angle range functionality and multi/wide behavior, compared to conventional devices working at the same frequencies. The approach offers potential applications to build-up new advanced platforms for sensing and medical diagnostics. Therefore, in the final part of the article, some practical examples are reported such as cancer detection, water content measurements, chemical analysis, glucose concentration measurements and blood diseases monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi La Spada
- School of Computing, Electronics and Mathematics, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK.
| | - Lucio Vegni
- Department of Engineering, University of Roma Tre, Via Vito Volterra 62, 00146 Rome, Italy.
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19
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Jackman JA, Rahim Ferhan A, Cho NJ. Nanoplasmonic sensors for biointerfacial science. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 46:3615-3660. [PMID: 28383083 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00494f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, nanoplasmonic sensors have become widely used for the label-free detection of biomolecules across medical, biotechnology, and environmental science applications. To date, many nanoplasmonic sensing strategies have been developed with outstanding measurement capabilities, enabling detection down to the single-molecule level. One of the most promising directions has been surface-based nanoplasmonic sensors, and the potential of such technologies is still emerging. Going beyond detection, surface-based nanoplasmonic sensors open the door to enhanced, quantitative measurement capabilities across the biointerfacial sciences by taking advantage of high surface sensitivity that pairs well with the size of medically important biomacromolecules and biological particulates such as viruses and exosomes. The goal of this review is to introduce the latest advances in nanoplasmonic sensors for the biointerfacial sciences, including ongoing development of nanoparticle and nanohole arrays for exploring different classes of biomacromolecules interacting at solid-liquid interfaces. The measurement principles for nanoplasmonic sensors based on utilizing the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) phenomena are first introduced. The following sections are then categorized around different themes within the biointerfacial sciences, specifically protein binding and conformational changes, lipid membrane fabrication, membrane-protein interactions, exosome and virus detection and analysis, and probing nucleic acid conformations and binding interactions. Across these themes, we discuss the growing trend to utilize nanoplasmonic sensors for advanced measurement capabilities, including positional sensing, biomacromolecular conformation analysis, and real-time kinetic monitoring of complex biological interactions. Altogether, these advances highlight the rich potential of nanoplasmonic sensors and the future growth prospects of the community as a whole. With ongoing development of commercial nanoplasmonic sensors and analytical models to interpret corresponding measurement data in the context of biologically relevant interactions, there is significant opportunity to utilize nanoplasmonic sensing strategies for not only fundamental biointerfacial science, but also translational science applications related to clinical medicine and pharmaceutical drug development among countless possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Jackman
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
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20
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Seo J, Shin JY, Leijten J, Jeon O, Camci-Unal G, Dikina AD, Brinegar K, Ghaemmaghami AM, Alsberg E, Khademhosseini A. High-throughput approaches for screening and analysis of cell behaviors. Biomaterials 2018; 153:85-101. [PMID: 29079207 PMCID: PMC5702937 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of new biomaterials and techniques to modify them challenge our capability to characterize them using conventional methods. In response, numerous high-throughput (HT) strategies are being developed to analyze biomaterials and their interactions with cells using combinatorial approaches. Moreover, these systematic analyses have the power to uncover effects of delivered soluble bioactive molecules on cell responses. In this review, we describe the recent developments in HT approaches that help identify cellular microenvironments affecting cell behaviors and highlight HT screening of biochemical libraries for gene delivery, drug discovery, and toxicological studies. We also discuss HT techniques for the analyses of cell secreted biomolecules and provide perspectives on the future utility of HT approaches in biomedical engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungmok Seo
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 14 Hwarang-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, South Korea
| | - Jung-Youn Shin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Jeroen Leijten
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Department of Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Oju Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Gulden Camci-Unal
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 1 University Ave, Lowell, MA, 01854-2827, USA
| | - Anna D Dikina
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Katelyn Brinegar
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Amir M Ghaemmaghami
- Division of Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Eben Alsberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA; National Center for Regenerative Medicine, Division of General Medical Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21569, Saudi Arabia.
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21
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Zakharko Y, Held M, Graf A, Rödlmeier T, Eckstein R, Hernandez-Sosa G, Hähnlein B, Pezoldt J, Zaumseil J. Multispectral electroluminescence enhancement of single-walled carbon nanotubes coupled to periodic nanodisk arrays. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:18092-18106. [PMID: 28789299 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.018092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The integration of periodic nanodisk arrays into the channel of a light-emitting field-effect transistor leads to enhanced and directional electroluminescence from thin films of purified semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes. The maximum enhancement wavelength is tunable across the near-infrared and is directly linked to the periodicity of the arrays. Numerical calculations confirm the role of increased local electric fields in the observed emission modification. Large current densities are easily achieved due to the high charge carrier mobilities of carbon nanotubes and will facilitate new electrically driven plasmonic devices.
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22
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Ozcelik D, Cai H, Leake KD, Hawkins AR, Schmidt H. Optofluidic bioanalysis: fundamentals and applications. NANOPHOTONICS 2017; 6:647-661. [PMID: 29201591 PMCID: PMC5708574 DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2016-0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, optofluidics has established itself as a new and dynamic research field for exciting developments at the interface of photonics, microfluidics, and the life sciences. The strong desire for developing miniaturized bioanalytic devices and instruments, in particular, has led to novel and powerful approaches to integrating optical elements and biological fluids on the same chip-scale system. Here, we review the state-of-the-art in optofluidic research with emphasis on applications in bioanalysis and a focus on waveguide-based approaches that represent the most advanced level of integration between optics and fluidics. We discuss recent work in photonically reconfigurable devices and various application areas. We show how optofluidic approaches have been pushing the performance limits in bioanalysis, e.g. in terms of sensitivity and portability, satisfying many of the key requirements for point-of-care devices. This illustrates how the requirements for bianalysis instruments are increasingly being met by the symbiotic integration of novel photonic capabilities in a miniaturized system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damla Ozcelik
- School of Engineering, University of California-Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Hong Cai
- School of Engineering, University of California-Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Kaelyn D. Leake
- School of Engineering, University of California-Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Aaron R. Hawkins
- ECEn Department, 459 Clyde Building, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Holger Schmidt
- Corresponding author: Holger Schmidt, School of Engineering, University of California-Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA,
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23
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Li X, Soler M, Özdemir CI, Belushkin A, Yesilköy F, Altug H. Plasmonic nanohole array biosensor for label-free and real-time analysis of live cell secretion. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:2208-2217. [PMID: 28585972 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00277g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cell secretion dynamics plays a central role in physiological and disease processes. Due to its various temporal profiles, it is essential to implement a precise detection scheme for continuous monitoring of secretion in real time. The current fluorescent and colorimetric approaches hinder such applications due to their multiple time-consuming steps, molecular labeling, and especially the 'snapshot' endpoint readouts. Here, we develop a nanoplasmonic biosensor for real-time monitoring of live cell cytokine secretion in a label-free configuration. Our nanoplasmonic biosensor is composed of gold nanohole arrays supporting extraordinary optical transmission (EOT), which enables sensitive and high-throughput analysis of biomolecules. The nanobiosensor is integrated with an adjustable microfluidic cell module for the analysis of live cells under well-controlled culture conditions. We achieved an outstanding sensitivity for the detection of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) directly in complex cell media. Significantly, the secretion dynamics from live cancer cells were monitored and quantified for 10 hours while preserving good cell viability. This novel approach of probing cytokine secretion activity is compatible with conventional inverted microscopes found in a common biology laboratory. With its simple optical set-up and label-free detection configuration, we anticipate our nanoplasmonic biosensor to be a powerful tool as a lab-on-chip device to analyze cellular activities for fundamental cell research and biotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Li
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland.
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24
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Pan MY, Lee KL, Wang L, Wei PK. Chip-based digital surface plasmon resonance sensing platform for ultrasensitive biomolecular detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 91:580-587. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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25
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Soler M, Belushkin A, Cavallini A, Kebbi-Beghdadi C, Greub G, Altug H. Multiplexed nanoplasmonic biosensor for one-step simultaneous detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in urine. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 94:560-567. [PMID: 28364702 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Development of rapid and multiplexed diagnostic tools is a top priority to address the current epidemic problem of sexually transmitted diseases. Here we introduce a novel nanoplasmonic biosensor for simultaneous detection of the two most common bacterial infections: Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Our plasmonic microarray is composed of gold nanohole sensor arrays that exhibit the extraordinary optical transmission (EOT), providing highly sensitive analysis in a label-free configuration. The integration in a microfluidic system and the precise immobilization of specific antibodies on the individual sensor arrays allow for selective detection and quantification of the bacteria in real-time. We achieved outstanding sensitivities for direct immunoassay of urine samples, with a limit of detection of 300 colony forming units (CFU)/mL for C. trachomatis and 1500CFU/mL for N. gonorrhoeae. The multiplexing capability of our biosensor was demonstrated by analyzing different urine samples spiked with either C. trachomatis or N. gonorrhoeae, and also containing both bacteria. We could successfully detect, identify and quantify the levels of the two bacteria in a one-step assay, without the need for DNA extraction or amplification techniques. This work opens up new possibilities for the implementation of point-of-care biosensors that enable fast, simple and efficient diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Soler
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Belushkin
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Cavallini
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Carole Kebbi-Beghdadi
- Center for Research on Intracellular Bacteria (CRIB), Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital Center, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland
| | - Gilbert Greub
- Center for Research on Intracellular Bacteria (CRIB), Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital Center, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland
| | - Hatice Altug
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland.
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26
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Sun T, Kan S, Marriott G, Chang-Hasnain C. High-contrast grating resonators for label-free detection of disease biomarkers. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27482. [PMID: 27265624 PMCID: PMC4893738 DOI: 10.1038/srep27482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A label-free optical biosensor is described that employs a silicon-based high-contrast grating (HCG) resonator with a spectral linewidth of ~500 pm that is sensitive to ligand-induced changes in surface properties. The device is used to generate thermodynamic and kinetic data on surface-attached antibodies with their respective antigens. The device can detect serum cardiac troponin I, a biomarker of cardiac disease to 100 pg/ml within 4 mins, which is faster, and as sensitive as current enzyme-linked immuno-assays for cTnI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianbo Sun
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Shu Kan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Gerard Marriott
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Connie Chang-Hasnain
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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27
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Lo SC, Lin EH, Wei PK, Tsai WS. A compact imaging spectroscopic system for biomolecular detections on plasmonic chips. Analyst 2016; 141:6126-6132. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an01434h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate a compact imaging spectroscopic system for high-throughput detection of biomolecular interactions on plasmonic chips, based on a curved grating as the key element of light diffraction and light focusing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Cheng Lo
- Department of Applied Materials and Optoelectronics Engineering
- National Chi Nan University
- Nantou 54561
- Taiwan
| | - En-Hung Lin
- Research Center for Applied Sciences
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei 11529
- Taiwan
| | - Pei-Kuen Wei
- Research Center for Applied Sciences
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei 11529
- Taiwan
| | - Wan-Shao Tsai
- Department of Applied Materials and Optoelectronics Engineering
- National Chi Nan University
- Nantou 54561
- Taiwan
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28
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Ding T, Hong M, Richards AM, Wong TI, Zhou X, Drum CL. Quantification of a cardiac biomarker in human serum using extraordinary optical transmission (EOT). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120974. [PMID: 25774658 PMCID: PMC4361334 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoimprinting lithography (NIL) is a manufacturing process that can produce macroscale surface areas with nanoscale features. In this paper, this technique is used to solve three fundamental issues for the application of localized surface plasmonic resonance (LSPR) in practical clinical measurements: assay sensitivity, chip-to-chip variance, and the ability to perform assays in human serum. Using NIL, arrays of 140 nm square features were fabricated on a sensing area of 1.5 mm x 1.5 mm with low cost. The high reproducibility of NIL allowed for the use of a one-chip, one-measurement approach with 12 individually manufactured surfaces with minimal chip-to-chip variations. To better approximate a real world setting, all chips were modified with a biocompatible, multi-component monolayer and inter-chip variability was assessed by measuring a bioanalyte standard (2.5-75 ng/ml) in the presence of a complex biofluid, human serum. In this setting, nanoimprinted LSPR chips were able to provide sufficient characteristics for a 'low-tech' approach to laboratory-based bioanalyte measurement, including: 1) sufficient size to interface with a common laboratory light source and detector without the need for a microscope, 2) high sensitivity in serum with a cardiac troponin limit of detection of 0.55 ng/ml, and 3) very low variability in chip manufacturing to produce a figure of merit (FOM) of 10.5. These findings drive LSPR closer to technical comparability with ELISA-based assays while preserving the unique particularities of a LSPR based sensor, suitability for multiplexing and miniaturization, and point-of-care detections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ding
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Minghui Hong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - A. Mark Richards
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ten It Wong
- Institute of Materials Research Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiaodong Zhou
- Institute of Materials Research Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chester Lee Drum
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail:
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29
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Abstract
A review of sensing applications based on plasmonic nanopores is given. Many new types of plasmonic nanopores have recently been fabricated, including pores penetrating multilayers of thin films, using a great variety of fabrication techniques based on either serial nanolithography or self-assembly. One unique advantage with nanopores compared to other plasmonic sensors is that sample liquids can flow through the surface, which increases the rate of binding and improves the detection limit under certain conditions. Also, by utilizing the continuous metal films, electrical control can be implemented for electrochemistry, dielectrophoresis and resistive heating. Much effort is still spent on trying to improve sensor performance in various ways, but the literature uses inconsistent benchmark parameters. Recently plasmonic nanopores have been used to analyse targets of high clinical or academic interest. Although this is an important step forward, one should probably reflect upon whether the same results could have been achieved with another optical technique. Overall, this critical review suggests that the research field would benefit by focusing on applications where plasmonic nanopores truly can offer unique advantages over similar techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas B Dahlin
- Chalmers University of Technology, Dept. of Applied Physics, Fysikgränd 3, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden.
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30
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Coskun AF, Cetin AE, Galarreta BC, Alvarez DA, Altug H, Ozcan A. Lensfree optofluidic plasmonic sensor for real-time and label-free monitoring of molecular binding events over a wide field-of-view. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6789. [PMID: 25346102 DOI: 10.1038/lsa.2014.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate a high-throughput biosensing device that utilizes microfluidics based plasmonic microarrays incorporated with dual-color on-chip imaging toward real-time and label-free monitoring of biomolecular interactions over a wide field-of-view of >20 mm(2). Weighing 40 grams with 8.8 cm in height, this biosensor utilizes an opto-electronic imager chip to record the diffraction patterns of plasmonic nanoapertures embedded within microfluidic channels, enabling real-time analyte exchange. This plasmonic chip is simultaneously illuminated by two different light-emitting-diodes that are spectrally located at the right and left sides of the plasmonic resonance mode, yielding two different diffraction patterns for each nanoaperture array. Refractive index changes of the medium surrounding the near-field of the nanostructures, e.g., due to molecular binding events, induce a frequency shift in the plasmonic modes of the nanoaperture array, causing a signal enhancement in one of the diffraction patterns while suppressing the other. Based on ratiometric analysis of these diffraction images acquired at the detector-array, we demonstrate the proof-of-concept of this biosensor by monitoring in real-time biomolecular interactions of protein A/G with immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody. For high-throughput on-chip fabrication of these biosensors, we also introduce a deep ultra-violet lithography technique to simultaneously pattern thousands of plasmonic arrays in a cost-effective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet F Coskun
- 1] Departments of Electrical Engineering and Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), CA 90095, USA [2] Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125
| | - Arif E Cetin
- 1] Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, MA 02215, USA [2] Bioengineering Department, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015 Switzerland
| | - Betty C Galarreta
- 1] Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, MA 02215, USA [2] Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru, Departamento de Ciencias-Quimica, Avenida Universitaria 1801, Lima 32, Peru
| | | | - Hatice Altug
- 1] Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, MA 02215, USA [2] Bioengineering Department, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015 Switzerland
| | - Aydogan Ozcan
- 1] Departments of Electrical Engineering and Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), CA 90095, USA [2] California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), CA 90095, USA
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31
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Lensfree optofluidic plasmonic sensor for real-time and label-free monitoring of molecular binding events over a wide field-of-view. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6789. [PMID: 25346102 PMCID: PMC4209447 DOI: 10.1038/srep06789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate a high-throughput biosensing device that utilizes microfluidics based plasmonic microarrays incorporated with dual-color on-chip imaging toward real-time and label-free monitoring of biomolecular interactions over a wide field-of-view of >20 mm(2). Weighing 40 grams with 8.8 cm in height, this biosensor utilizes an opto-electronic imager chip to record the diffraction patterns of plasmonic nanoapertures embedded within microfluidic channels, enabling real-time analyte exchange. This plasmonic chip is simultaneously illuminated by two different light-emitting-diodes that are spectrally located at the right and left sides of the plasmonic resonance mode, yielding two different diffraction patterns for each nanoaperture array. Refractive index changes of the medium surrounding the near-field of the nanostructures, e.g., due to molecular binding events, induce a frequency shift in the plasmonic modes of the nanoaperture array, causing a signal enhancement in one of the diffraction patterns while suppressing the other. Based on ratiometric analysis of these diffraction images acquired at the detector-array, we demonstrate the proof-of-concept of this biosensor by monitoring in real-time biomolecular interactions of protein A/G with immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody. For high-throughput on-chip fabrication of these biosensors, we also introduce a deep ultra-violet lithography technique to simultaneously pattern thousands of plasmonic arrays in a cost-effective manner.
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32
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Zhang M, Lu M, Ge C, Cunningham BT. Plasmonic external cavity laser refractometric sensor. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:20347-57. [PMID: 25321243 PMCID: PMC4163156 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.020347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Combining the high sensitivity properties of surface plasmon resonance refractive index sensing with a tunable external cavity laser, we demonstrate a plasmonic external cavity laser (ECL) for high resolution refractometric sensing. The plasmonic ECL utilizes a plasmonic crystal with extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) as the wavelength-selective element, and achieves single mode lasing at the transmission peak of the EOT resonance. The plasmonic ECL refractometric sensor maintains the high sensitivity of a plasmonic crystal sensor, while simultaneously providing a narrow spectral linewidth through lasing emission, resulting in a record high figure of merit for refractometric sensing with an active or passive optical resonator. We demonstrate single-mode and continuous-wave operation of the electrically-pumped laser system, and show the ability to measure refractive index changes with a 3σ detection limit of 1.79 × 10(-6) RIU. The demonstrated approach is a promising path towards label-free optical biosensing with enhanced signal-to-noise ratios for challenging applications in small molecule drug discovery and pathogen sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801,
USA
| | - Meng Lu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801,
USA
| | - Chun Ge
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801,
USA
| | - Brian T. Cunningham
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801,
USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801,
USA
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33
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Lan X, Cheng B, Yang Q, Huang J, Wang H, Ma Y, Shi H, Xiao H. Reflection based Extraordinary Optical Transmission Fiber Optic Probe for Refractive Index Sensing. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2014; 193:95-99. [PMID: 24574579 PMCID: PMC3932360 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2013.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Fiber optic probes for chemical sensing based on the extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) phenomenon are designed and fabricated by perforating subwavelength hole arrays on the gold film coated optical fiber endface. The device exhibits a red shift in response to the surrounding refractive index increases with high sensitivity, enabling a reflection-based refractive index sensor with a compact and simple configuration. By choosing the period of hole arrays, the sensor can be designed to operate in the near infrared telecommunication wavelength range, where the abundant source and detectors are available for easy instrumentation. The new sensor probe is demonstrated for refractive index measurement using refractive index matching fluids. The sensitivity reaches 573 nm/RIU in the 1.333~1.430 refractive index range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Lan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, 29634, USA
| | - Baokai Cheng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, 29634, USA
| | - Qingbo Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri, 65409, USA
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, 29634, USA
| | - Hanzheng Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, 29634, USA
| | - Yinfa Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri, 65409, USA
| | - Honglan Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri, 65409, USA
| | - Hai Xiao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, 29634, USA
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34
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Wang Y, Kar A, Paterson A, Kourentzi K, Le H, Ruchhoeft P, Willson R, Bao J. Transmissive Nanohole Arrays for Massively-Parallel Optical Biosensing. ACS PHOTONICS 2014; 1:241-245. [PMID: 25530982 PMCID: PMC4266487 DOI: 10.1021/ph400111u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A high-throughput optical biosensing technique is proposed and demonstrated. This hybrid technique combines optical transmission of nanoholes with colorimetric silver staining. The size and spacing of the nanoholes are chosen so that individual nanoholes can be independently resolved in massive parallel using an ordinary transmission optical microscope, and, in place of determining a spectral shift, the brightness of each nanohole is recorded to greatly simplify the readout. Each nanohole then acts as an independent sensor, and the blocking of nanohole optical transmission by enzymatic silver staining defines the specific detection of a biological agent. Nearly 10000 nanoholes can be simultaneously monitored under the field of view of a typical microscope. As an initial proof of concept, biotinylated lysozyme (biotin-HEL) was used as a model analyte, giving a detection limit as low as 0.1 ng/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Archana Kar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Andrew Paterson
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Katerina Kourentzi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Han Le
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Paul Ruchhoeft
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Richard Willson
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
- Centro
de Biotecnología FEMSA, Departamento de Biotecnología
e Ingeniería de Alimentos, Tecnológico
de Monterrey, Monterrey, NL 64849, Mexico
| | - Jiming Bao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
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35
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Gao Y, Xin Z, Zeng B, Gan Q, Cheng X, Bartoli FJ. Plasmonic interferometric sensor arrays for high-performance label-free biomolecular detection. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:4755-4764. [PMID: 24173621 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50863c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A plasmonic interferometric biosensor that consists of arrays of circular aperture-groove nanostructures patterned on a gold film for phase-sensitive biomolecular detection is demonstrated. The phase and amplitude of interfering surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) in the proposed device can be effectively engineered by structural tuning, providing flexible and efficient control over the plasmon line shape observed through SPP interference. Spectral fringes with high contrast, narrow linewidth, and large amplitude have been experimentally measured and permit the sensitive detection of protein surface coverage as low as 0.4 pg mm(-2). This sensor resolution compares favorably with commercial prism-based surface plasmon resonance systems (0.1 pg mm(-2)) but is achieved here using a significantly simpler collinear transmission geometry, a miniaturized sensor footprint, and a low-cost compact spectrometer. Furthermore, we also demonstrate superior sensor performance using the intensity interrogation method, which can be combined with CCD imaging to upscale our platform to high-throughput array sensing. A novel low-background interferometric sensing scheme yields a high sensing figure of merit (FOM*) of 146 in the visible region, surpassing that of previous plasmonic biosensors and facilitating ultrasensitive high-throughput detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkang Gao
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA.
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36
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Bougot-Robin K, Kodzius R, Yue W, Chen L, Li S, Zhang XX, Benisty H, Wen W. Real time hybridization studies by resonant waveguide gratings using nanopattern imaging for Single Nucleotide Polymorphism detection. Biomed Microdevices 2013; 16:287-99. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-013-9832-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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37
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Tsai WS, Lee KL, Pan MY, Wei PK. Increased detection sensitivity of surface plasmon sensors using oblique induced resonant coupling. OPTICS LETTERS 2013; 38:4962-4965. [PMID: 24281483 DOI: 10.1364/ol.38.004962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Increased detection sensitivity was achieved by adjusting the incident angle on periodic gold nanostructures that induced a resonant coupling between surface and substrate surface plasmon modes. For 500 nm-period gold nanoslits, a small incident angle, 7°, resulted in 2.64 times narrower linewidth and a 1.8 times increase in the figure of merit as compared to normal incidence. Furthermore, the intensity sensitivity was increased 4.5 times due to the change in the resonant coupling and redshift of the surface plasmon mode.
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38
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Estevez MC, Otte MA, Sepulveda B, Lechuga LM. Trends and challenges of refractometric nanoplasmonic biosensors: a review. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 806:55-73. [PMID: 24331040 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Motivated by potential benefits such as sensor miniaturization, multiplexing opportunities and higher sensitivities, refractometric nanoplasmonic biosensing has profiled itself in a short time span as an interesting alternative to conventional Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) biosensors. This latter conventional sensing concept has been subjected during the last decades to strong commercialization, thereby strongly leaning on well-developed thin-film surface chemistry protocols. Not surprisingly, the examples found in literature based on this sensing concept are generally characterized by extensive analytical studies of relevant clinical and diagnostic problems. In contrast, the more novel Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) alternative finds itself in a much earlier, and especially, more fundamental stage of development. Driven by new fabrication methodologies to create nanostructured substrates, published work typically focuses on the novelty of the presented material, its optical properties and its use - generally limited to a proof-of-concept - as a label-free biosensing scheme. Given the different stages of development both SPR and LSPR sensors find themselves in, it becomes apparent that providing a comparative analysis of both concepts is not a trivial task. Nevertheless, in this review we make an effort to provide an overview that illustrates the progress booked in both fields during the last five years. First, we discuss the most relevant advances in SPR biosensing, including interesting analytical applications, together with different strategies that assure improvements in performance, throughput and/or integration. Subsequently, the remaining part of this work focuses on the use of nanoplasmonic sensors for real label-free biosensing applications. First, we discuss the motivation that serves as a driving force behind this research topic, together with a brief summary that comprises the main fabrication methodologies used in this field. Next, the sensing performance of LSPR sensors is examined by analyzing different parameters that can be invoked in order to quantitatively assess their overall sensing performance. Two aspects are highlighted that turn out to be especially important when trying to maximize their sensing performance, being (1) the targeted functionalization of the electromagnetic hotspots of the nanostructures, and (2) overcoming inherent negative influence that stem from the presence of a high refractive index substrate that supports the nanostructures. Next, although few in numbers, an overview is given of the most exhaustive and diagnostically relevant LSPR sensing assays that have been recently reported in literature, followed by examples that exploit inherent LSPR characteristics in order to create highly integrated and high-throughput optical biosensors. Finally, we discuss a series of considerations that, in our opinion, should be addressed in order to bring the realization of a stand-alone LSPR biosensor with competitive levels of sensitivity, robustness and integration (when compared to a conventional SPR sensor) much closer to reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-Carmen Estevez
- Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), CSIC & CIBER-BBN, ICN2 Building Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marinus A Otte
- Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), CSIC & CIBER-BBN, ICN2 Building Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Borja Sepulveda
- Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), CSIC & CIBER-BBN, ICN2 Building Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura M Lechuga
- Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), CSIC & CIBER-BBN, ICN2 Building Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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39
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Li Y, Su L, Shou C, Yu C, Deng J, Fang Y. Surface-enhanced molecular spectroscopy (SEMS) based on perfect-absorber metamaterials in the mid-infrared. Sci Rep 2013; 3:2865. [PMID: 24091778 PMCID: PMC3790207 DOI: 10.1038/srep02865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy has attracted increased attention for direct access to molecular vibrational fingerprints in the mid-infrared. Perfect-absorber metamaterials (PAMs) with multi-band spectral responses and significant enhancement of the local near-field intensity were developed to improve the intrinsic absorption cross sections of absorption spectrum to identify the vibrational spectra of biomolecules. To verify its performance, the proposed infrared PAM array was used to identify the molecular stretches of a Parylene C film. The resonant responses of the infrared PAMs were accurately tuned to the vibrational modes of the C = C target bonds. The vibrational stretches of the C = C moiety were observed and the auto-fluorescence mechanisms of the Parylene C film were monitored. The unique properties of the PAMs indicate that this approach is a promising strategy for surface-enhanced molecular absorption spectroscopy (SEMS) in the mid-infrared region and for the tracking of characteristic molecular vibrational modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqian Li
- Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace of Ministry of Education, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China, 710072
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40
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Abstract
The integration of nanohole array based plasmonic sensors into microfluidic systems has enabled the emergence of platforms with unique capabilities and a diversified palette of applications. Recent advances in fabrication techniques together with novel implementation schemes have influenced the progress of these optofluidic platforms. Here, we review the advances that nanohole array based sensors have experienced since they were first merged with microfluidics. We examine established and new fabrication methodologies that have enabled both the fabrication of nanohole arrays with improved optical attributes and a reduction in manufacturing costs. The achievements of several platforms developed to date and the significant benefits obtained from operating the nanoholes as nanochannels are also reviewed herein. Finally, we discuss future opportunities for on-chip nanohole array sensors by outlining potential applications and the use of the abilities of the nanostructures beyond the optical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Escobedo
- Chemical Engineering Department, Queen's University, Kingston, K7L 3N6, Canada.
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41
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Lee SY, Walsh GF, Dal Negro L. Microfluidics integration of aperiodic plasmonic arrays for spatial-spectral optical detection. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:4945-4957. [PMID: 23482027 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.004945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate successful integration of aperiodic arrays of metal nanoparticles with microfluidics technology for optical sensing using the spectral-colorimetric responses of nanostructured arrays to refractive index variations. Different aperiodic arrays of gold (Au) nanoparticles with varying interparticle separations and Fourier spectral properties are fabricated using Electron Beam Lithography (EBL) and integrated with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidics structures by soft-lithographic micro-imprint techniques. The spectral shifts of scattering spectra and the distinctive modifications of structural color patterns induced by refractive index variations were simultaneously measured inside microfluidic flow cells by dark-field spectroscopy and image correlation analysis in the visible spectral range. The integration of engineered aperiodic arrays of Au nanoparticles with microfluidics devices provides a novel sensing platform with multiplexed spatial-spectral responses for opto-fluidics applications and lab-on-a-chip optical biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvanus Y Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering & Photonics Center, Boston University, 8 St. Mary's St., Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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42
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Ren J, Wang L, Han X, Cheng J, Lv H, Wang J, Jian X, Zhao M, Jia L. Organic silicone sol-gel polymer as a noncovalent carrier of receptor proteins for label-free optical biosensor application. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:386-394. [PMID: 23259485 DOI: 10.1021/am3024355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Optical biosensing techniques have become of key importance for label-free monitoring of biomolecular interactions in the current proteomics era. Together with an increasing emphasis on high-throughput applications in functional proteomics and drug discovery, there has been demand for facile and generally applicable methods for the immobilization of a wide range of receptor proteins. Here, we developed a polymer platform for microring resonator biosensors, which allows the immobilization of receptor proteins on the surface of waveguide directly without any additional modification. A sol-gel process based on a mixture of three precursors was employed to prepare a liquid hybrid polysiloxane, which was photopatternable for the photocuring process and UV imprint. Waveguide films were prepared on silicon substrates by spin coating and characterized by atomic force microscopy for roughness, and protein adsorption. The results showed that the surface of the polymer film was smooth (rms = 0.658 nm), and exhibited a moderate hydrophobicity with the water contact angle of 97°. Such a hydrophobic extent could provide a necessary binding strength for stable immobilization of proteins on the material surface in various sensing conditions. Biological activity of the immobilized Staphylococcal protein A and its corresponding biosensing performance were demonstrated by its specific recognition of human Immunoglobulin G. This study showed the potential of preparing dense, homogeneous, specific, and stable biosensing surfaces by immobilizing receptor proteins on polymer-based optical devices through the direct physical adsorption method. We expect that such polymer waveguide could be of special interest in developing low-cost and robust optical biosensing platform for multidimensional arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ren
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116023, PR China
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43
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Cetin AE, Altug H. Fano resonant ring/disk plasmonic nanocavities on conducting substrates for advanced biosensing. ACS NANO 2012; 6:9989-95. [PMID: 23092386 DOI: 10.1021/nn303643w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
By introducing a conducting metal layer underneath a Fano resonant asymmetric ring/disk plasmonic nanocavity system, we demonstrate that electromagnetic fields can be strongly enhanced. These large electromagnetic fields extending deep into the medium are highly accessible and increase the interaction volume of analytes and optical fields. As a result, we demonstrate high refractive index sensitivities as large as 648 nm/RIU. By exciting Fano resonances with much sharper spectral features, as narrow as 9 nm, we experimentally show high figure of merits as large as 72 and reliable detection of protein mono- and bilayers. Furthermore, the conducting substrate enables strong interaction between fundamental and higher order modes of the system by minor structural asymmetries. This is very advantageous for experimental realization of systems supporting resonances with well-defined Fano-like line shape without requiring challenging fabrication resolution. Exploiting conducting metallic substrates and the associated propagating surface plasmons at their interface could be extended to other Fano resonant cavity geometries for improved biosensing performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif E Cetin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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Chen LC, Tzeng SC, Peck K. Aptamer microarray as a novel bioassay for protein-protein interaction discovery and analysis. Biosens Bioelectron 2012. [PMID: 23208094 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.10.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Aptamer microarray is investigated as a novel bioassay for protein-protein interaction (PPI) discovery and analysis. Assaying a mixture of fluorescence-labeled thrombin and Escherichia coli proteins with an aptamer microarray, we found that thrombin and an unknown protein of E. coli (protein X) formed a complex of PPI, which was captured by an anti-thrombin aptamer probe. The PPI observed on the microarray was double-checked by protein microarrays and confirmed by aptamer-baited co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assays. Characterizing the Co-IP products, we identified protein X as an E. coli Dps protein (DNA-binding protein from starved cells). A SDS-PAGE analysis suggested that Dps should be a substrate for thrombin, a trypsin-like serine protease. A dose-response microarray experiment predicted an apparent dissociation constant of 1.33 μM for the PPI. Moreover, an on-microarray competition assay revealed that the capture of the PPI by the anti-thrombin aptamer probe would be blocked by an E. coli aptamer via complementary base pairing. Thus, a network of protein-protein, protein-DNA, and DNA-DNA interactions and their interaction orders could be addressed in addition to simple PPI discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Chi Chen
- Department of Bio-Industrial Mechatronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
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Kim J. Joining plasmonics with microfluidics: from convenience to inevitability. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:3611-3623. [PMID: 22858903 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40498b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Along the advances in optofluidics, functionalities based on the surface plasmon-polariton have also been finding an increasing level of involvement within micro/nano-fluidic systems, gradually forming a new field of plasmo-fluidics. This survey of the burgeoning field reveals that judicious selection and combination of plasmonic and micro/nano-fluidic features render the plasmo-fluidic integration useful and mutually beneficial to the point of inevitability. We establish categories for the level of integration and utilize them as a framework for surveying existing work and extracting future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyoun Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.
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Hötzer B, Medintz IL, Hildebrandt N. Fluorescence in nanobiotechnology: sophisticated fluorophores for novel applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2012; 8:2297-326. [PMID: 22678833 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201200109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Nanobiotechnology is one of the fastest growing and broadest-ranged interdisciplinary subfields of the nanosciences. Countless hybrid bio-inorganic composites are currently being pursued for various uses, including sensors for medical and diagnostic applications, light- and energy-harvesting devices, along with multifunctional architectures for electronics and advanced drug-delivery. Although many disparate biological and nanoscale materials will ultimately be utilized as the functional building blocks to create these devices, a common element found among a large proportion is that they exert or interact with light. Clearly continuing development will rely heavily on incorporating many different types of fluorophores into these composite materials. This review covers the growing utility of different classes of fluorophores in nanobiotechnology, from both a photophysical and a chemical perspective. For each major structural or functional class of fluorescent probe, several representative applications are provided, and the necessary technological background for acquiring the desired nano-bioanalytical information are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Hötzer
- NanoBioPhotonics, Institut d'Electronique Fondamentale, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
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Bougot-Robin K, Li S, Zhang Y, Hsing IM, Benisty H, Wen W. “Peak tracking chip” for label-free optical detection of bio-molecular interaction and bulk sensing. Analyst 2012; 137:4785-94. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an35994d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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