Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Hydantoins: The State of the Art of a Valuable Scaffold

The review highlights the hydantoin syntheses presented from the point of view of the preparation methods. Novel synthetic routes to various hydantoin structures, the advances brought to the classical methods in the aim of producing more sustainable and environmentally friendly procedures for the preparation of these biomolecules, and a critical comparison of the different synthetic approaches developed in the last twelve years are also described. The review is composed of 95 schemes, 8 figures and 528 references for the last 12 years and includes the description of the hydantoin-based marketed drugs and clinical candidates.

Recent advances in multicomponent reactions involving carbohydrates

Being an attractive class of naturally occurring molecules with fascinating properties, sugars and their derivatives have wide applications in different fields especially in drug discovery.

Diversity oriented combinatorial synthesis of multivalent glycomimetics through a multicomponent domino process

Both multicomponent reactions and diversity oriented synthesis are indispensable tools for the modern medicinal chemist. However, their employment for the synthesis of multivalent glycomimetics has not been exploited so far although the importance that such compounds play in exploring multivalency on glycoside inhibition. Herein, we report the combinatorial synthesis of diversity oriented hetero di- and trivalent glycomimetics through a multicomponent domino process. The process is high yielding and very general, working efficiently with easily accessible sugar starting materials such as glycosylamines, glycosylazides, and glycosylisothiocyanates, having the reactive functional groups tethered either directly to the anomeric carbon, through a suitable linker, or to the primary 6 position of hexoses (or 5 position of pentoses), leading, in the latter case, to glycomimetics with artificial enzymatically stable backbone. The process has been also exploited for the multicomponent synthesis of aminoglycoside (neomycin) conjugates.