1
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Faka V, Agne MT, Lange MA, Daisenberger D, Wankmiller B, Schwarzmüller S, Huppertz H, Maus O, Helm B, Böger T, Hartel J, Gerdes JM, Molaison JJ, Kieslich G, Hansen MR, Zeier WG. Pressure-Induced Dislocations and Their Influence on Ionic Transport in Li +-Conducting Argyrodites. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:1710-1721. [PMID: 38175928 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The influence of the microstructure on the ionic conductivity and cell performance is a topic of broad scientific interest in solid-state batteries. The current understanding is that interfacial decomposition reactions during cycling induce local strain at the interfaces between solid electrolytes and the anode/cathode, as well as within the electrode composites. Characterizing the effects of internal strain on ion transport is particularly important, given the significant local chemomechanical effects caused by volumetric changes of the active materials during cycling. Here, we show the effects of internal strain on the bulk ionic transport of the argyrodite Li6PS5Br. Internal strain is reproducibly induced by applying pressures with values up to 10 GPa. An internal permanent strain is observed in the material, indicating long-range strain fields typical for dislocations. With increasing dislocation densities, an increase in the lithium ionic conductivity can be observed that extends into improved ionic transport in solid-state battery electrode composites. This work shows the potential of strain engineering as an additional approach for tuning ion conductors without changing the composition of the material itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Faka
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Matthias T Agne
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Martin A Lange
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Dominik Daisenberger
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 ODE, U.K
| | - Björn Wankmiller
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
- International Graduate School BACCARA, Wilhelm-Schickard-Straße 8, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Schwarzmüller
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hubert Huppertz
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Oliver Maus
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
- International Graduate School BACCARA, Wilhelm-Schickard-Straße 8, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Bianca Helm
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Thorben Böger
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
- International Graduate School BACCARA, Wilhelm-Schickard-Straße 8, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Johannes Hartel
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Josef Maximilian Gerdes
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jamie J Molaison
- Neutron Scattering Division, Institute Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6473, United States
| | - Gregor Kieslich
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Michael Ryan Hansen
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
- International Graduate School BACCARA, Wilhelm-Schickard-Straße 8, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Wolfgang G Zeier
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
- International Graduate School BACCARA, Wilhelm-Schickard-Straße 8, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung (IEK), IEK-12: Helmholtz-Institut Münster, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 48149 Münster, Germany
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2
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Yang G, El Loubani M, Chalaki HR, Kim J, Keum JK, Rouleau CM, Lee D. Tuning Ionic Conductivity in Fluorite Gd-Doped CeO 2-Bixbyite RE 2O 3 (RE = Y and Sm) Multilayer Thin Films by Controlling Interfacial Strain. ACS APPLIED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS 2023; 5:4556-4563. [PMID: 37637973 PMCID: PMC10449009 DOI: 10.1021/acsaelm.3c00724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Interfacial strain in heteroepitaxial oxide thin films is a powerful tool for discovering properties and recognizing the potential of materials performance. Particularly, facilitating ion conduction by interfacial strain in oxide multilayer thin films has always been seen to be a highly promising route to this goal. However, the effect of interfacial strain on ion transport properties is still controversial due to the difficulty in deconvoluting the strain contribution from other interfacial phenomena, such as space charge effects. Here, we show that interfacial strain can effectively tune the ionic conductivity by successfully growing multilayer thin films composed of an ionic conductor Gd-doped CeO2 (GDC) and an insulator RE2O3 (RE = Y and Sm). In contrast to compressively strained GDC-Y2O3 multilayer films, tensile strained GDC-Sm2O3 multilayer films demonstrate the enhanced ionic conductivity of GDC, which is attributed to the increased concentration of oxygen vacancies. In addition, we demonstrate that increasing the number of interfaces has no impact on the further enhancement of the ionic conductivity in GDC-Sm2O3 multilayer films. Our findings demonstrate the unambiguous role of interfacial strain on ion conduction of oxides and provide insights into the rational design of fast ion conductors through interface engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gene Yang
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Mohammad El Loubani
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Habib Rostaghi Chalaki
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Jiwon Kim
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Jong K. Keum
- Center
for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge
National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Christopher M. Rouleau
- Center
for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge
National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Dongkyu Lee
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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3
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Saleem MS, Chen Q, Shepelin NA, Dolabella S, Rossell MD, Zhang X, Kronawitter CX, La Mattina F, Braun A. The Role of Strain in Proton Conduction in Multi-Oriented BaZr 0.9Y 0.1O 3-δ Thin Film. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:55915-55924. [PMID: 36508578 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c12657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Within the emerging field of proton-conducting fuel cells, BaZr0.9Y0.1O3-δ (BZY10) is an attractive material due to its high conductivity and stability. The fundamentals of conduction in sintered pellets and thin films heterostructures have been explored in several studies; however, the role of crystallographic orientation, grains, and grain boundaries is poorly understood for proton conduction. This article reports proton conduction in a self-assembled multi-oriented BZY10 thin film grown on top of a (110) NdGaO3 substrate. The multiple orientations are composed of different lattices, which provide a platform to study the lattice-dependent conductivity through different orientations in the vicinity of grain boundary between them and the substrate. The crystalline stacking of each orientation is confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning transmission electron microscopy. The transport measurements are carried out under different gas atmospheres. The highest conductivity of 3.08 × 10-3 S cm-1 at 400 °C is found under a wet H2 environment together with an increased lattice parameter of 4.208 Å, while under O2 and Ar environments, the film shows lower conductivity and lattice parameter. Our findings not only demonstrate the role of crystal lattice for conduction properties but also illustrate the importance of self-assembled strategies to achieve high proton conduction in BZY10 thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahrukh Saleem
- Laboratory for High Performance Ceramics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf8600, Switzerland
| | - Qianli Chen
- University of Michigan─Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240, China
| | - Nick A Shepelin
- Laboratory for Multiscale Materials Experiments, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI5232, Switzerland
| | - Simone Dolabella
- Center for X-ray Analytics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf8600, Switzerland
| | - Marta D Rossell
- Electron Microscopy Center, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf8600, Switzerland
| | - Xuhai Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Coleman X Kronawitter
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California95616, United States
| | - Fabio La Mattina
- Laboratory for Transport at Nanoscale Interfaces, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf8600, Switzerland
| | - Artur Braun
- Laboratory for High Performance Ceramics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf8600, Switzerland
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4
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Ahn J, Jang HW, Ji H, Kim H, Yoon KJ, Son JW, Kim BK, Lee HW, Lee JH. Identification of an Actual Strain-Induced Effect on Fast Ion Conduction in a Thin-Film Electrolyte. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:2794-2801. [PMID: 29630383 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Strain-induced fast ion conduction has been a research area of interest for nanoscale energy conversion and storage systems. However, because of significant discrepancies in the interpretation of strain effects, there remains a lack of understanding of how fast ionic transport can be achieved by strain effects and how strain can be controlled in a nanoscale system. In this study, we investigated strain effects on the ionic conductivity of Gd0.2Ce0.8O1.9-δ (100) thin films under well controlled experimental conditions, in which errors due to the external environment could not intervene during the conductivity measurement. In order to avoid any interference from perpendicular-to-surface defects, such as grain boundaries, the ionic conductivity was measured in the out-of-plane direction by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis. With varying film thickness, we found that a thicker film has a lower activation energy of ionic conduction. In addition, careful strain analysis using both reciprocal space mapping and strain mapping in transmission electron microscopy shows that a thicker film has a higher tensile strain than a thinner film. Furthermore, the tensile strain of thicker film was mostly developed near a grain boundary, which indicates that intrinsic strain is dominant rather than epitaxial or thermal strain during thin-film deposition and growth via the Volmer-Weber (island) growth mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsung Ahn
- High-Temperature Energy Materials Research Center , KIST , Seoul 02792 , Korea
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Korea
| | - Ho Won Jang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Korea
| | - Hoil Ji
- High-Temperature Energy Materials Research Center , KIST , Seoul 02792 , Korea
| | - Hyoungchul Kim
- High-Temperature Energy Materials Research Center , KIST , Seoul 02792 , Korea
| | - Kyung Joong Yoon
- High-Temperature Energy Materials Research Center , KIST , Seoul 02792 , Korea
| | - Ji-Won Son
- High-Temperature Energy Materials Research Center , KIST , Seoul 02792 , Korea
- Division of Nano & Information Technology , KIST School, University of Science and Technology , Seoul 02792 , Korea
| | - Byung-Kook Kim
- High-Temperature Energy Materials Research Center , KIST , Seoul 02792 , Korea
| | - Hae-Weon Lee
- High-Temperature Energy Materials Research Center , KIST , Seoul 02792 , Korea
| | - Jong-Ho Lee
- High-Temperature Energy Materials Research Center , KIST , Seoul 02792 , Korea
- Division of Nano & Information Technology , KIST School, University of Science and Technology , Seoul 02792 , Korea
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5
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Pergolesi D, Gilardi E, Fabbri E, Roddatis V, Harrington GF, Lippert T, Kilner JA, Traversa E. Interface Effects on the Ionic Conductivity of Doped Ceria-Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Heterostructures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:14160-14169. [PMID: 29617562 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b01903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Multilayered heterostructures of Ce0.85Sm0.15O2-δ and Y0.16Zr0.92O2-δ of a high crystallographic quality were fabricated on (001)-oriented MgO single crystal substrates. Keeping the total thickness of the heterostructures constant, the number of ceria-zirconia bilayers was increased while reducing the thickness of each layer. At each interface Ce was found primarily in the reduced, 3+ oxidation state in a layer extending about 2 nm from the interface. Concurrently, the conductivity decreased as the thickness of the layers was reduced, suggesting a progressive confinement of the charge transport along the YSZ layers. The comparative analysis of the in-plane electrical characterization suggests that the contribution to the total electrical conductivity of these interfacial regions is negligible. For the smallest layer thickness of 2 nm the doped ceria layers are electrically insulating and the ionic transport only occurs through the zirconia layers. This is explained in terms of a reduced mobility of the oxygen vacancies in the highly reduced ceria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisa Gilardi
- Paul Scherrer Institut , 5232 Villigen-PSI , Switzerland
| | | | - Vladimir Roddatis
- Institute of Materials Physics , University of Göttingen , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - George F Harrington
- Department of Materials , Imperial College London , London SW7 2BP , United Kingdom
- Next-Generation Fuel Cell Research Centre , Kyushu University , 744 Motooka , Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Thomas Lippert
- Paul Scherrer Institut , 5232 Villigen-PSI , Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry , ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10 , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland
- International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER) , Kyushu University , 744 Motooka , Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - John A Kilner
- Department of Materials , Imperial College London , London SW7 2BP , United Kingdom
- International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER) , Kyushu University , 744 Motooka , Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - Enrico Traversa
- School of Materials and Energy , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , 2006 Xiyuan Road , Chengdu 611731 , Sichuan People's Republic of China
- NAST Center & Department of Chemical Science and Technology , University of Rome Tor Vergata , 00133 Rome , Italy
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6
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Keppner J, Schubert J, Ziegner M, Mogwitz B, Janek J, Korte C. Influence of texture and grain misorientation on the ionic conduction in multilayered solid electrolytes – interface strain effects in competition with blocking grain boundaries. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:9269-9280. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06951k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the relaxation of mismatch induced interface strain as a function of the texture and its influence on the ionic conductivity in YSZ/Er2O3 multilayer thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Keppner
- Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung
- Elektrochemische Verfahrenstechnik (IEK-3)
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
- D-52425 Jülich
- Germany
| | - J. Schubert
- Peter-Grünberg-Institut
- Halbleiter-Nanoelektronik (PGI-9)
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
- 52425 Jülich
- Germany
| | - M. Ziegner
- Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung
- Werkstoffstruktur/-eigenschaften (IEK-2)
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
- 52425 Jülich
- Germany
| | - B. Mogwitz
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut
- Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen
- 35392 Gießen
- Germany
| | - J. Janek
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut
- Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen
- 35392 Gießen
- Germany
| | - C. Korte
- Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung
- Elektrochemische Verfahrenstechnik (IEK-3)
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
- D-52425 Jülich
- Germany
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7
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Fluri A, Marcolongo A, Roddatis V, Wokaun A, Pergolesi D, Marzari N, Lippert T. Enhanced Proton Conductivity in Y-Doped BaZrO 3 via Strain Engineering. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2017; 4:1700467. [PMID: 29270353 PMCID: PMC5737104 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201700467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The effects of stress-induced lattice distortions (strain) on the conductivity of Y-doped BaZrO3, a high-temperature proton conductor with key technological applications for sustainable electrochemical energy conversion, are studied. Highly ordered epitaxial thin films are grown in different strain states while monitoring the stress generation and evolution in situ. Enhanced proton conductivity due to lower activation energies is discovered under controlled conditions of tensile strain. In particular, a twofold increased conductivity is measured at 200 °C along a 0.7% tensile strained lattice. This is at variance with conclusions coming from force-field simulations or the static calculations of diffusion barriers. Here, extensive first-principles molecular dynamic simulations of proton diffusivity in the proton-trapping regime are therefore performed and found to agree with the experiments. The simulations highlight that compressive strain confines protons in planes parallel to the substrate, while tensile strain boosts diffusivity in the perpendicular direction, with the net result that the overall conductivity is enhanced. It is indeed the presence of the dopant and the proton-trapping effect that makes tensile strain favorable for proton conduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Fluri
- Thin Films and Interfaces GroupResearch with Neutrons and Muons DivisionPaul Scherrer Institute5232Villigen PSISwitzerland
| | - Aris Marcolongo
- Theory and Simulations of Materials (THEOS), and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL)École Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneStation 121015LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Vladimir Roddatis
- Institute of Materials PhysicsUniversity of GöttingenFriedrich‐Hund‐Platz 1Göttingen37077Germany
| | - Alexander Wokaun
- Thin Films and Interfaces GroupResearch with Neutrons and Muons DivisionPaul Scherrer Institute5232Villigen PSISwitzerland
| | - Daniele Pergolesi
- Thin Films and Interfaces GroupResearch with Neutrons and Muons DivisionPaul Scherrer Institute5232Villigen PSISwitzerland
| | - Nicola Marzari
- Theory and Simulations of Materials (THEOS), and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL)École Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneStation 121015LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Thomas Lippert
- Thin Films and Interfaces GroupResearch with Neutrons and Muons DivisionPaul Scherrer Institute5232Villigen PSISwitzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesLaboratory of Inorganic ChemistryVladimir‐Prelog‐Weg 1‐5/10, ETH Zürich8093ZürichSwitzerland
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8
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Harrington GF, Cavallaro A, McComb DW, Skinner SJ, Kilner JA. The effects of lattice strain, dislocations, and microstructure on the transport properties of YSZ films. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:14319-14336. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp02017a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report that lattice strain and dislocations play a negligible role on the ionic conductivity of YSZ films.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David W. McComb
- Department of Materials
- Imperial College London
- London
- UK
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
| | | | - John A. Kilner
- Department of Materials
- Imperial College London
- London
- UK
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER)
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9
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In situ stress observation in oxide films and how tensile stress influences oxygen ion conduction. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10692. [PMID: 26912416 PMCID: PMC4773421 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Many properties of materials can be changed by varying the interatomic distances in the crystal lattice by applying stress. Ideal model systems for investigations are heteroepitaxial thin films where lattice distortions can be induced by the crystallographic mismatch with the substrate. Here we describe an in situ simultaneous diagnostic of growth mode and stress during pulsed laser deposition of oxide thin films. The stress state and evolution up to the relaxation onset are monitored during the growth of oxygen ion conducting Ce0.85Sm0.15O2-δ thin films via optical wafer curvature measurements. Increasing tensile stress lowers the activation energy for charge transport and a thorough characterization of stress and morphology allows quantifying this effect using samples with the conductive properties of single crystals. The combined in situ application of optical deflectometry and electron diffraction provides an invaluable tool for strain engineering in Materials Science to fabricate novel devices with intriguing functionalities.
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10
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Mills EM, Kleine-Boymann M, Janek J, Yang H, Browning ND, Takamura Y, Kim S. YSZ thin films with minimized grain boundary resistivity. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:10486-91. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp08032k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The grain boundary resistance of nano-columnar yttria-stabilized zirconia thin films is almost completely eliminated near the film–substrate interface through substrate induced magnesium doping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund M. Mills
- University of California Davis
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Davis California 95616
- USA
| | | | - Juergen Janek
- Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut
- 35392 Gießen
- Germany
| | - Hao Yang
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland
- USA
| | | | - Yayoi Takamura
- University of California Davis
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Davis California 95616
- USA
| | - Sangtae Kim
- University of California Davis
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Davis California 95616
- USA
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11
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Bachman JC, Muy S, Grimaud A, Chang HH, Pour N, Lux SF, Paschos O, Maglia F, Lupart S, Lamp P, Giordano L, Shao-Horn Y. Inorganic Solid-State Electrolytes for Lithium Batteries: Mechanisms and Properties Governing Ion Conduction. Chem Rev 2015; 116:140-62. [PMID: 26713396 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 628] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This Review is focused on ion-transport mechanisms and fundamental properties of solid-state electrolytes to be used in electrochemical energy-storage systems. Properties of the migrating species significantly affecting diffusion, including the valency and ionic radius, are discussed. The natures of the ligand and metal composing the skeleton of the host framework are analyzed and shown to have large impacts on the performance of solid-state electrolytes. A comprehensive identification of the candidate migrating species and structures is carried out. Not only the bulk properties of the conductors are explored, but the concept of tuning the conductivity through interfacial effects-specifically controlling grain boundaries and strain at the interfaces-is introduced. High-frequency dielectric constants and frequencies of low-energy optical phonons are shown as examples of properties that correlate with activation energy across many classes of ionic conductors. Experimental studies and theoretical results are discussed in parallel to give a pathway for further improvement of solid-state electrolytes. Through this discussion, the present Review aims to provide insight into the physical parameters affecting the diffusion process, to allow for more efficient and target-oriented research on improving solid-state ion conductors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Simon F Lux
- BMW Group Technology Office USA , Mountain View, California 94043, United States
| | | | - Filippo Maglia
- Research Battery Technology, BMW Group , Munich 80788, Germany
| | - Saskia Lupart
- Research Battery Technology, BMW Group , Munich 80788, Germany
| | - Peter Lamp
- Research Battery Technology, BMW Group , Munich 80788, Germany
| | - Livia Giordano
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università di Milano-Bicocca , 20126 Milano, Italy
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12
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Korte C, Keppner J, Peters A, Schichtel N, Aydin H, Janek J. Coherency strain and its effect on ionic conductivity and diffusion in solid electrolytes--an improved model for nanocrystalline thin films and a review of experimental data. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 16:24575-91. [PMID: 25309994 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp03055a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A phenomenological and analytical model for the influence of strain effects on atomic transport in columnar thin films is presented. A model system consisting of two types of crystalline thin films with coherent interfaces is assumed. Biaxial mechanical strain ε0 is caused by lattice misfit of the two phases. The conjoined films consist of columnar crystallites with a small diameter l. Strain relaxation by local elastic deformation, parallel to the hetero-interface, is possible along the columnar grain boundaries. The spatial extent δ0 of the strained hetero-interface regions can be calculated, assuming an exponential decay of the deformation-forces. The effect of the strain field on the local ionic transport in a thin film is then calculated by using the thermodynamic relation between (isostatic) pressure and free activation enthalpy ΔG(#). An expression describing the total ionic transport relative to bulk transport of a thin film or a multilayer as a function of the layer thickness is obtained as an integral average over strained and unstrained regions. The expression depends only on known material constants such as Young modulus Y, Poisson ratio ν and activation volume ΔV(#), which can be combined as dimensionless parameters. The model is successfully used to describe own experimental data from conductivity and diffusion studies. In the second part of the paper a comprehensive literature overview of experimental studies on (fast) ion transport in thin films and multilayers along solid-solid hetero-interfaces is presented. By comparing and reviewing the data the observed interface effects can be classified into three groups: (i) transport along interfaces between extrinsic ionic conductors (and insulator), (ii) transport along an open surface of an extrinsic ionic conductor and (iii) transport along interfaces between intrinsic ionic conductors. The observed effects in these groups differ by about five orders of magnitude in a very consistent way. The modified interface transport in group (i) is most probably caused by strain effects, misfit dislocations or disordered transition regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Korte
- Institut für Energieforschung, Brennstoffzellen (IEK-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany.
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13
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Yamaji K. ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2015; 83:757-761. [DOI: 10.5796/electrochemistry.83.757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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14
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Oka M, Kamisaka H, Fukumura T, Hasegawa T. DFT-based ab initio MD simulation of the ionic conduction in doped ZrO2 systems under epitaxial strain. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:29057-63. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp03238e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Valence distribution and trajectory of oxygen ions in calculated stable structures, which imply oxygen sublattice formation induced by strain and further deformation by oxygen vacancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Oka
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- The University of Tokyo
- 7-3-1 Hongo
- Bunkyo-ku
| | - H. Kamisaka
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- The University of Tokyo
- 7-3-1 Hongo
- Bunkyo-ku
| | - T. Fukumura
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- The University of Tokyo
- 7-3-1 Hongo
- Bunkyo-ku
| | - T. Hasegawa
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- The University of Tokyo
- 7-3-1 Hongo
- Bunkyo-ku
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15
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Schweiger S, Kubicek M, Messerschmitt F, Murer C, Rupp JLM. A microdot multilayer oxide device: let us tune the strain-ionic transport interaction. ACS NANO 2014; 8:5032-5048. [PMID: 24720562 DOI: 10.1021/nn501128y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present a strategy to use interfacial strain in multilayer heterostructures to tune their resistive response and ionic transport as active component in an oxide-based multilayer microdot device on chip. For this, fabrication of strained multilayer microdot devices with sideways attached electrodes is reported with the material system Gd0.1Ce0.9O(2-δ)/Er2O3. The fast ionic conducting Gd0.1Ce0.9O(2-δ) single layers are altered in lattice strain by the electrically insulating erbia phases of a microdot. The strain activated volume of the Gd0.1Ce0.9O(2-δ) is investigated by changing the number of individual layers from 1 to 60 while keeping the microdot at a constant thickness; i.e., the proportion of strained volume was systematically varied. Electrical measurements showed that the activation energy of the devices could be altered by Δ0.31 eV by changing the compressive strain of a microdot ceria-based phase by more than 1.16%. The electrical conductivity data is analyzed and interpreted with a strain volume model and defect thermodynamics. Additionally, an equivalent circuit model is presented for sideways contacted multilayer microdots. We give a proof-of-concept for microdot contacting to capture real strain-ionic transport effects and reveal that for classic top-electrode contacting the effect is nil, highlighting the need for sideways electric contacting on a nanoscopic scale. The near order ionic transport interaction is supported by Raman spectroscopy measurements. These were conducted and analyzed together with fully relaxed single thin film samples. Strain states are described relative to the strain activated volumes of Gd0.1Ce0.9O(2-δ) in the microdot multilayer. These findings reveal that strain engineering in microfabricated devices allows altering the ionic conduction over a wide range beyond classic doping strategies for single films. The reported fabrication route and concept of strained multilayer microdots is a promising path for applying strained multilayer oxides as active new building blocks relevant for a broad range of microelectrochemical devices, e.g., resistive switching memory prototypes, resistive or electrochemical sensors, or as active catalytic solid state surface components for microfuel cells or all-solid-state batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Schweiger
- Electrochemical Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich , 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Aydin H, Korte C, Janek J. 18O-tracer diffusion along nanoscaled Sc 2O 3/yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) multilayers: on the influence of strain. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2013; 14:035007. [PMID: 27877580 PMCID: PMC5090511 DOI: 10.1088/1468-6996/14/3/035007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The oxygen tracer diffusion coefficient describing transport along nano-/microscaled YSZ/Sc2O3 multilayers as a function of the thick-ness of the ion-conducting YSZ layers has been measured by isotope exchange depth profiling (IEDP), using secondary ion mass spec-trometry (SIMS). The multilayer samples were prepared by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on (0001) Al2O3 single crystalline substrates. The values for the oxygen tracer diffusion coefficient were analyzed as a combination of contributions from bulk and interface contributions and compared with results from YSZ/Y2O3-multilayers with similar microstructure. Using the Nernst-Einstein equation as the relation between diffusivity and electrical conductivity we find very good agreement between conductivity and diffusion data, and we exclude substantial electronic conductivity in the multilayers. The effect of hetero-interface transport can be well explained by a simple interface strain model. As the multilayer samples consist of columnar film crystallites with a defined inter-face structure and texture, we also discuss the influence of this particular microstructure on the interfacial strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halit Aydin
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Justus-Liebig Universität Giessen, D-35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Carsten Korte
- Institut für Energie und Klimaforschung (IEK-3: Brennstoffzellen), Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Janek
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Justus-Liebig Universität Giessen, D-35390 Giessen, Germany
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