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Xu X, Gao C, Emusani R, Jia C, Xiang D. Toward Practical Single-Molecule/Atom Switches. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2400877. [PMID: 38810145 PMCID: PMC11304318 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Electronic switches have been considered to be one of the most important components of contemporary electronic circuits for processing and storing digital information. Fabricating functional devices with building blocks of atomic/molecular switches can greatly promote the minimization of the devices and meet the requirement of high integration. This review highlights key developments in the fabrication and application of molecular switching devices. This overview offers valuable insights into the switching mechanisms under various stimuli, emphasizing structural and energy state changes in the core molecules. Beyond the molecular switches, typical individual metal atomic switches are further introduced. A critical discussion of the main challenges for realizing and developing practical molecular/atomic switches is provided. These analyses and summaries will contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the switch mechanisms, providing guidance for the rational design of functional nanoswitch devices toward practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Xu
- Institute of Modern Optics and Center of Single Molecule SciencesNankai UniversityTianjin Key Laboratory of Micro‐scale Optical Information Science and TechnologyTianjin300350China
| | - Chunyan Gao
- Institute of Modern Optics and Center of Single Molecule SciencesNankai UniversityTianjin Key Laboratory of Micro‐scale Optical Information Science and TechnologyTianjin300350China
| | - Ramya Emusani
- Institute of Modern Optics and Center of Single Molecule SciencesNankai UniversityTianjin Key Laboratory of Micro‐scale Optical Information Science and TechnologyTianjin300350China
| | - Chuancheng Jia
- Institute of Modern Optics and Center of Single Molecule SciencesNankai UniversityTianjin Key Laboratory of Micro‐scale Optical Information Science and TechnologyTianjin300350China
| | - Dong Xiang
- Institute of Modern Optics and Center of Single Molecule SciencesNankai UniversityTianjin Key Laboratory of Micro‐scale Optical Information Science and TechnologyTianjin300350China
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2
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Tanaka Y, Okamoto A, Fujii S, Nishino T, Akita M. A metal alkynyl molecular wire with PN ligands: Synthesis, isomerization, physical properties and single-molecule conductance. Inorganica Chim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2022.121211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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3
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Harrison DP, Grotjahn R, Naher M, Ghazvini SMBH, Mazzucato DM, Korb M, Moggach SA, Lambert C, Kaupp M, Low PJ. Quantum Interference in Mixed-Valence Complexes: Tuning Electronic Coupling Through Substituent Effects. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202211000. [PMID: 36031588 PMCID: PMC9828041 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Whilst 2- or 5-OMe groups on the bridging phenylene ring in [{Cp*(dppe)RuC≡C}2 (μ-1,3-C6 H4 )]+ have little influence on the electronic structure of this weakly coupled mixed-valence complex, a 4-OMe substituent enhances ground state electron delocalization, and increases the intensity of the IVCT transition. Vibrational frequency and TDDFT calculations (LH20t-D3(BJ), def2-SVP, COSMO (CH2 Cl2 )) on ([{Cp*(dppe)RuC≡C}2 (μ-1,3-C6 H3 -n-OMe)]+ (n=2, 4, 5) models are in excellent agreement with the experimental results. The stronger ground state coupling is attributed to the change in composition of the β-HOSO brought about by the 4-OMe group, which is ortho or para to each of the metal fragments. The intensity of the IVCT transition increases with the greater overlap of the β-HOSO and β-LUSO, whilst the relative phases of the β-HOSO and β-LUSO in the 4-OMe substituted complex are consistent with predictions of constructive quantum interference from molecular circuit rules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P. Harrison
- School of Molecular SciencesUniversity of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCrawleyWA, 6009Australia
| | - Robin Grotjahn
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität BerlinStraße des 17. Juni 13510623BerlinGermany
- Present address: Department of ChemistryUniversity of California, Irvine1102 Natural Science IIIrvineCA 92697-2025USA
| | - Masnun Naher
- School of Molecular SciencesUniversity of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCrawleyWA, 6009Australia
| | - Seyed M. B. H. Ghazvini
- School of Molecular SciencesUniversity of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCrawleyWA, 6009Australia
| | - Daniel M. Mazzucato
- School of Molecular SciencesUniversity of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCrawleyWA, 6009Australia
| | - Marcus Korb
- School of Molecular SciencesUniversity of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCrawleyWA, 6009Australia
| | - Stephen A. Moggach
- School of Molecular SciencesUniversity of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCrawleyWA, 6009Australia
| | - Colin Lambert
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of LancasterLancasterLA1 4YBUK
| | - Martin Kaupp
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität BerlinStraße des 17. Juni 13510623BerlinGermany
| | - Paul J. Low
- School of Molecular SciencesUniversity of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCrawleyWA, 6009Australia
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Liu Z, Hu T, Adam Balila MO, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Hu W. Investigation of SERS and Electron Transport Properties of Oligomer Phenylacetyne-3 Trapped in Gold Junctions. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12030571. [PMID: 35159916 PMCID: PMC8839768 DOI: 10.3390/nano12030571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Molecular junctions hold great potential for future microelectronics and attract people’s attention. Here, we used density functional theory calculations (DFT) to investigate the surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and electron transport properties of fully π-conjugated oligomers (phenylacetylene)-3 (OPE-3) trapped in gold junctions. The effects of charge injection, an applied electric field, and molecular deformation are considered. We found that a new Raman peak located at around 1400 cm−1 appears after the injection of a charge, which agrees well with the experiment. The external electric field and configurational deformation hardly affect the Raman spectra, indicating that the electronic rather than the geometrical structure determines the Raman response. Nonequilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) calculations show that both the rotation of the benzene groups and an increased electrode distance largely reduced the conductivity of the studied molecular junctions. The present investigations provide valuable information on the effect of charging, electric field, and deformation on the SERS and conductivity of molecular junctions, helping the development of molecular devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; (Z.L.); (T.H.); (M.O.A.B.)
| | - Tingting Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; (Z.L.); (T.H.); (M.O.A.B.)
- Technology College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Muwafag Osman Adam Balila
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; (Z.L.); (T.H.); (M.O.A.B.)
| | - Jihui Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China;
| | - Yujin Zhang
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (W.H.)
| | - Wei Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; (Z.L.); (T.H.); (M.O.A.B.)
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (W.H.)
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5
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Single-molecule junction spontaneously restored by DNA zipper. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5762. [PMID: 34599166 PMCID: PMC8486845 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25943-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The electrical properties of DNA have been extensively investigated within the field of molecular electronics. Previous studies on this topic primarily focused on the transport phenomena in the static structure at thermodynamic equilibria. Consequently, the properties of higher-order structures of DNA and their structural changes associated with the design of single-molecule electronic devices have not been fully studied so far. This stems from the limitation that only extremely short DNA is available for electrical measurements, since the single-molecule conductance decreases sharply with the increase in the molecular length. Here, we report a DNA zipper configuration to form a single-molecule junction. The duplex is accommodated in a nanogap between metal electrodes in a configuration where the duplex is perpendicular to the nanogap axis. Electrical measurements reveal that the single-molecule junction of the 90-mer DNA zipper exhibits high conductance due to the delocalized π system. Moreover, we find an attractive self-restoring capability that the single-molecule junction can be repeatedly formed without full structural breakdown even after electrical failure. The DNA zipping strategy presented here provides a basis for novel designs of single-molecule junctions. The versatility of DNA has inspired many single-molecule investigations utilizing nanotechnology. Harashima et al. have a somewhat different take on the subject and study a zipper configuration bridging electrodes that resembles an active electro-mechanical component instead.
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Reznikova K, Hsu C, Schosser WM, Gallego A, Beltako K, Pauly F, van der Zant HSJ, Mayor M. Substitution Pattern Controlled Quantum Interference in [2.2]Paracyclophane-Based Single-Molecule Junctions. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:13944-13951. [PMID: 34424713 PMCID: PMC8414552 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Quantum interference (QI) of electron waves passing through a single-molecule junction provides a powerful means to influence its electrical properties. Here, we investigate the correlation between substitution pattern, conductance, and mechanosensitivity in [2.2]paracyclophane (PCP)-based molecular wires in a mechanically controlled break junction experiment. The effect of the meta versus para connectivity in both the central PCP core and the phenyl ring connecting the terminal anchoring group is studied. We find that the meta-phenyl-anchored PCP yields such low conductance levels that molecular features cannot be resolved; in the case of para-phenyl-coupled anchoring, however, large variations in conductance values for modulations of the electrode separation occur for the pseudo-para-coupled PCP core, while this mechanosensitivity is absent for the pseudo-meta-PCP core. The experimental findings are interpreted in terms of QI effects between molecular frontier orbitals by theoretical calculations based on density functional theory and the Landauer formalism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia Reznikova
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Chunwei Hsu
- Kavli
Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University
of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 GJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Werner M. Schosser
- Institute
of Physics, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstraße 1, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Almudena Gallego
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Katawoura Beltako
- Institute
of Physics, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstraße 1, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Pauly
- Institute
of Physics, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstraße 1, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Herre S. J. van der Zant
- Kavli
Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University
of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 GJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Mayor
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Institute
for Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute
of Technology (KIT), P. O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Lehn
Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510274, P. R. China
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7
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Ogawa S, Chattopadhyay S, Tanaka Y, Ohto T, Tada T, Tada H, Fujii S, Nishino T, Akita M. Control of dominant conduction orbitals by peripheral substituents in paddle-wheel diruthenium alkynyl molecular junctions. Chem Sci 2021; 12:10871-10877. [PMID: 34476066 PMCID: PMC8372547 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02407h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Control of charge carriers that transport through the molecular junctions is essential for thermoelectric materials. In general, the charge carrier depends on the dominant conduction orbitals and is dominantly determined by the terminal anchor groups. The present study discloses the synthesis, physical properties in solution, and single-molecule conductance of paddle-wheel diruthenium complexes 1R having diarylformamidinato supporting ligands (DArF: p-R-C6H4-NCHN-C6H4-R-p) and two axial thioanisylethynyl conducting anchor groups, revealing unique substituent effects with respect to the conduction orbitals. The complexes 1R with a few different aryl substituents (R = OMe, H, Cl, and CF3) were fully characterized by spectroscopic and crystallographic analyses. The single-molecule conductance determined by the scanning tunneling microscope break junction (STM-BJ) technique was in the 10-5 to 10-4 G 0 region, and the order of conductance was 1OMe > 1CF3 ≫ 1H ∼ 1Cl, which was not consistent with the Hammett substituent constants σ of R. Cyclic voltammetry revealed the narrow HOMO-LUMO gaps of 1R originating from the diruthenium motif, as further supported by the DFT study. The DFT-NEGF analysis of this unique result revealed that the dominant conductance routes changed from HOMO conductance (for 1OMe) to LUMO conductance (for 1CF3). The drastic change in the conductance properties originates from the intrinsic narrow HOMO-LUMO gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Ogawa
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku 226-8503 Yokohama Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku 226-8503 Yokohama Japan
| | | | - Yuya Tanaka
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku 226-8503 Yokohama Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku 226-8503 Yokohama Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Ohto
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Tomofumi Tada
- Kyushu University Platform of Inter/Transdisciplinary Energy Research, Research Facilities for Co-Evolutional Social Systems, Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tada
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Shintaro Fujii
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku 152-8551 Tokyo Japan
| | - Tomoaki Nishino
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku 152-8551 Tokyo Japan
| | - Munetaka Akita
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku 226-8503 Yokohama Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku 226-8503 Yokohama Japan
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8
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Chiang KR, Tang YH. Effect of Contact Geometry on Spin Transport in Amine-Ended Single-Molecule Magnetic Junctions. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:19386-19391. [PMID: 34368525 PMCID: PMC8340092 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We employ the first-principles calculation with non-equilibrium Green's function method to comprehensively investigate the crucial role of interfacial geometry in spin transport properties of Co/1,4-benzenediamine (BDA)/Co single-molecule magnetic junctions (SMMJs). Two bonding mechanisms are proposed for the hard-hard Co-N coupling: (1) the covalent bonding between the H-dissociated amine linker and spin-polarized Co apex atoms and (2) the dative interaction between the H-non-dissociated (denoted by +H) amine linker and Co apex atoms. The former covalent contact dominates the π-resonance interfacial spin selection that can be well preserved in H-dissociated cases regardless of the choice of top, bridge, and hollow contact sites. From our detailed analyses of spin-polarized transmission spectra, local density of states, and molecular density of states, the underlying mechanism is that the strong hybridization between Co-d, N-p y , and the π-orbital of the phenyl ring in dissociated cases renders the 2-fold HOMO (4-fold LUMO) of the central molecule closer to the Fermi energy. In contrast, the enlarged Co-N bond length of the latter dative contact in the H-non-dissociated case not only destroys the spinterface coupling but also blocks the spin injection. This theoretical work may provide vital and practical insights to illustrate the spin transport property in real amine-ended SMMJs since the contact geometries and interfacial bond mechanisms remain unclear during the breaking junction technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Rong Chiang
- Department of Physics, National
Central University, Jung-Li 32001, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hui Tang
- Department of Physics, National
Central University, Jung-Li 32001, Taiwan
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Fukuzumi R, Buerkle M, Li Y, Kaneko S, Li P, Kobayashi S, Fujii S, Kiguchi M, Nakamura H, Tsukagoshi K, Nishino T. Water Splitting Induced by Visible Light at a Copper-Based Single-Molecule Junction. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2008109. [PMID: 34089231 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202008109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Water splitting is an essential process for converting light energy into easily storable energy in the form of hydrogen. As environmentally preferable catalysts, Cu-based materials have attracted attention as water-splitting catalysts. To enhance the efficiency of water splitting, a reaction process should be developed. Single-molecule junctions (SMJs) are attractive structures for developing these reactions because the molecule electronic state is significantly modulated, and characteristic electromagnetic effects can be expected. Here, water splitting is induced at Cu-based SMJ and the produced hydrogen is characterized at a single-molecule scale by employing electron transport measurements. After visible light irradiation, the conductance states originate from Cu/hydrogen molecule/Cu junctions, while before irradiation, only Cu/water molecule/Cu junctions were observed. The vibration spectra obtained from inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy combined with the first-principles calculations reveal that the water molecule trapped between the Cu electrodes is decomposed and that hydrogen is produced. Time-dependent and wavelength-dependent measurements show that localized-surface plasmon decomposes the water molecule in the vicinity of the junction. These findings indicate the potential ability of Cu-based materials for photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Fukuzumi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
| | - Marius Buerkle
- CD-FMat, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 2, Umezono 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8568, Japan
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kaneko
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
| | - Peihui Li
- Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Shuji Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
| | - Shintaro Fujii
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
| | - Manabu Kiguchi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
| | - Hisao Nakamura
- CD-FMat, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 2, Umezono 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8568, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Tsukagoshi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Nishino
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
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Naher M, Milan DC, Al-Owaedi OA, Planje IJ, Bock S, Hurtado-Gallego J, Bastante P, Abd Dawood ZM, Rincón-García L, Rubio-Bollinger G, Higgins SJ, Agraït N, Lambert CJ, Nichols RJ, Low PJ. Molecular Structure-(Thermo)electric Property Relationships in Single-Molecule Junctions and Comparisons with Single- and Multiple-Parameter Models. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:3817-3829. [PMID: 33606524 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c11605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The most probable single-molecule conductance of each member of a series of 12 conjugated molecular wires, 6 of which contain either a ruthenium or platinum center centrally placed within the backbone, has been determined. The measurement of a small, positive Seebeck coefficient has established that transmission through these molecules takes place by tunneling through the tail of the HOMO resonance near the middle of the HOMO-LUMO gap in each case. Despite the general similarities in the molecular lengths and frontier-orbital compositions, experimental and computationally determined trends in molecular conductance values across this series cannot be satisfactorily explained in terms of commonly discussed "single-parameter" models of junction conductance. Rather, the trends in molecular conductance are better rationalized from consideration of the complete molecular junction, with conductance values well described by transport calculations carried out at the DFT level of theory, on the basis of the Landauer-Büttiker model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masnun Naher
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - David C Milan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Oday A Al-Owaedi
- Department of Laser Physics, College of Science for Girls, The University of Babylon, Hilla 51001, Iraq
| | - Inco J Planje
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Sören Bock
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Juan Hurtado-Gallego
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid E-28049, Spain
| | - Pablo Bastante
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid E-28049, Spain
| | - Zahra Murtada Abd Dawood
- Department of Laser Physics, College of Science for Girls, The University of Babylon, Hilla 51001, Iraq
| | - Laura Rincón-García
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid E-28049, Spain
| | - Gabino Rubio-Bollinger
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid E-28049, Spain.,Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC) and Instituto Universitario de Ciencia de Materiales "Nicolás Cabrera" (INC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Simon J Higgins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Nicolás Agraït
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid E-28049, Spain.,Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC) and Instituto Universitario de Ciencia de Materiales "Nicolás Cabrera" (INC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia IMDEA-Nanociencia, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Colin J Lambert
- Department of Physics, University of Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YB, U.K
| | - Richard J Nichols
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Paul J Low
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
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11
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Lee HJ, Cho SJ, Kang H, He X, Yoon HJ. Achieving Ultralow, Zero, and Inverted Tunneling Attenuation Coefficients in Molecular Wires with Extended Conjugation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2005711. [PMID: 33543557 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202005711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Molecular tunnel junctions are organic devices miniaturized to the molecular scale. They serve as a versatile toolbox that can systematically examine charge transport behaviors at the atomic level. The electrical conductance of the molecular wire that bridges the two electrodes in a junction is significantly influenced by its chemical structure, and an intrinsically poor conductance is a major barrier for practical applications toward integrating individual molecules into electronic circuitry. Therefore, highly conjugated molecular wires are attractive as active components for the next-generation electronic devices, owing to the narrow highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest occupied molecular orbital gaps provided by their extended π-building blocks. This article aims to highlight the significance of highly conductive molecular wires in molecular electronics, the structures of which are inspired from conductive organic polymers, and presents a body of discussion on molecular wires exhibiting ultralow, zero, or inverted attenuation of tunneling probability at different lengths, along with future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ju Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Soo Jin Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Hungu Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Xin He
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Hyo Jae Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
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12
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Tanaka Y, Kato Y, Sugimoto K, Kawano R, Tada T, Fujii S, Kiguchi M, Akita M. Single-molecule junctions of multinuclear organometallic wires: long-range carrier transport brought about by metal-metal interaction. Chem Sci 2021; 12:4338-4344. [PMID: 34163696 PMCID: PMC8179486 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06613c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we report multinuclear organometallic molecular wires having (2,5-diethynylthiophene)diyl-Ru(dppe)2 repeating units. Despite the molecular dimensions of 2–4 nm the multinuclear wires show high conductance (up to 10−2 to 10−3G0) at the single-molecule level with small attenuation factors (β) as revealed by STM-break junction measurements. The high performance can be attributed to the efficient energy alignment between the Fermi level of the metal electrodes and the HOMO levels of the multinuclear molecular wires as revealed by DFT–NEGF calculations. Electrochemical and DFT studies reveal that the strong Ru–Ru interaction through the bridging ligands raises the HOMO levels to access the Fermi level, leading to high conductance and small β values. Multinuclear organometallic molecular wires having (diethynylthiophene)diyl-Ru(dppe)2 repeating units show high conductance with small attenuation factors. The strong Ru–Ru interaction is the key for the long-range carrier transport.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Tanaka
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan .,Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Yuya Kato
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan .,Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Kaho Sugimoto
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan .,Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Reo Kawano
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan .,Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Tomofumi Tada
- Kyushu University Platform of Inter/Transdisciplinary Energy Research, Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Shintaro Fujii
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
| | - Manabu Kiguchi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
| | - Munetaka Akita
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan .,Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
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13
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Naher M, Bock S, Langtry ZM, O’Malley KM, Sobolev AN, Skelton BW, Korb M, Low PJ. Synthesis, Structure and Physical Properties of “Wire-like” Metal Complexes. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masnun Naher
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Sören Bock
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Zakary M. Langtry
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Kieran M. O’Malley
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Alexandre N. Sobolev
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Brian W. Skelton
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Marcus Korb
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Paul J. Low
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
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14
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Attenuation Factors in Molecular Electronics: Some Theoretical Concepts. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10186162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the electronic transport mechanisms in molecular junctions is of paramount importance to design molecular devices and circuits. In particular, the role of the different junction components contributing to the current decay—namely the attenuation factor—is yet to be clarified. In this short review, we discuss the main theoretical approaches to tackle this question in the non-resonant tunneling regime. We illustrate our purpose through standard symmetric junctions and through recent studies on hybrid molecular junctions using graphene electrodes. In each case, we highlight the contribution from the anchoring groups, the molecular backbone and the electrodes, respectively. In this respect, we consider different anchoring groups and asymmetric junctions. In light of these results, we discuss some perspectives to describe accurately the attenuation factors in molecular electronics.
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15
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Tanaka Y, Ohmura K, Fujii S, Tada T, Kiguchi M, Akita M. Single-Molecule Junction of a Cationic Rh(III) Polyyne Molecular Wire. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:13254-13261. [PMID: 32806015 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Single-molecule conductance studies on metal-containing inorganic and organometallic molecular wires are relatively less explored compared to those on organic molecular wires. Furthermore, conductance and transmission profiles of the metal-containing wires insensitive to the metal centers often hinder rational design for high performance wires. Here, synthesis and single-molecule conductance measurements of the bis(butadiynyl)rhodium wires with tetracarbene ligands 1H and 1Au are reported as rare examples for Rh(III) diacetylide molecular wires. The rhodium wires derived from the terminal acetylene and gold-functionalized precursors show comparable, high single-molecule conductance ((6-7) × 10-3 G0) as determined by the STM break-junction measurements, suggesting formation of virtually the same covalently linked metal electrode-molecule-metal electrode junctions. The values for the metallapolyynes are larger than those of the organic polyyne wires having the similar molecular lengths. The hybrid DFT-NEGF calculations of the model systems suggest that profiles of transmission spectra are highly sensitive to the presence and species of the metal fragments doped into the polyyne molecular wire because the conductance orbitals of the metallapolyynes molecular junctions carry significant metal fragment characters. Thus, the metallapolyyne junctions turn out to be suitable platforms for rationally designed molecular wires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Tanaka
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Kohei Ohmura
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Shintaro Fujii
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Tada
- Kyushu University Platform of Inter/Transdisciplinary Energy Research, Research Facilities for Co-Evolutional Social Systems, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Manabu Kiguchi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Munetaka Akita
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
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16
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Huang F, Li R, Wang G, Zheng J, Tang Y, Liu J, Yang Y, Yao Y, Shi J, Hong W. Automatic classification of single-molecule charge transport data with an unsupervised machine-learning algorithm. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:1674-1681. [PMID: 31895353 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp04496e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Single-molecule electrical characterization reveals the events occurring at the nanoscale, which provides guidelines for molecular materials and devices. However, data analysis to extract valuable information from the nanoscale measurement data remained as a major challenge. Herein, an unsupervised deep leaning method, a deep auto-encoder K-means (DAK) algorithm, is developed to distinguish different events from single-molecule charge transport measurements. As validated by three single-molecule junction systems, the method applies to the recognition for multiple compounds with various events and offers an effective data analysis method to track reaction kinetics at the single-molecule scale. This work opens the possibility of using deep unsupervised approaches to studying the physical and chemical processes at the single-molecule level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChEM, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China.
| | - Ruihao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChEM, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China.
| | - Gan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChEM, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China.
| | - Jueting Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChEM, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China.
| | - Yongxiang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChEM, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China.
| | - Junyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChEM, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChEM, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China.
| | - Yuan Yao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
| | - Jia Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChEM, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China.
| | - Wenjing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChEM, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China.
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17
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Xu Y, Wang M, Fang C, Cui B, Ji G, Zhao W, Liu D, Wang C, Qin M. Lateral scaling and positioning effects of top-gate electrodes on single-molecule field-effect transistors. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2019; 31:285302. [PMID: 30952153 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab1680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Molecular electronics aims at integrating controllable molecular devices into circuits or machines to realize certain functions. According to device configuration, molecular field-effect transistors with top-gate electrodes have great advantages for integration. Nevertheless, from technical aspects, it is difficult to control lateral scale and position of a top-gate electrode precisely. Therefore, one problem arises in how lateral scaling and positioning effects of a top-gate electrode affect device performance. To solve this problem, the electronic transport properties of single-molecule field-effect transistor configurations modulated by a series of partial-scale top-gate electrodes with different lateral scales and positions are studied by using non-equilibrium Green's function in combination with density functional theory, and compared with those of the full gate electrode (can be considered as a bottom gate electrode). The results show that lateral scaling and positioning effects indeed have a great impact on electronic transport properties of single-molecule field-effect transistor configurations. For [Formula: see text]-saturated 1,12-dodecanedithiol devices, larger lateral scale of a partial-scale top-gate electrode obtains larger amplification coefficient [Formula: see text] (ratio of device conductances with/without a gate electrode), and even larger [Formula: see text] than that of the full gate electrode. While lateral positioning effect has little influence on this device. For [Formula: see text]-conjugated 1,3,5,7,9,11-dodehexaene-1,12-dithiol devices, performance of a partial-scale top-gate electrode mainly depends on locations of its two edges, i.e. the number of [Formula: see text] bonds that it breaks. These results will provide theoretical directions in device designing and manufacturing in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Xu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, People's Republic of China
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18
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Jasper-Tönnies T, Garcia-Lekue A, Frederiksen T, Ulrich S, Herges R, Berndt R. High-conductance contacts to functionalized molecular platforms physisorbed on Au(1 1 1). JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2019; 31:18LT01. [PMID: 30721893 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab0489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The conductances of molecules physisorbed to Au(1 1 1) via an extended [Formula: see text] system are probed with the tip of a low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope to maximize the control of the junction geometry. Inert hydrogen, methyl, and reactive propynyl subunits were attached to the platform and stand upright. Because of their different reactivities, either non-bonding (hydrogen and methyl) or bonding (propynyl) tip-molecule contacts are formed. The conductances exhibit little scatter between different experimental runs on different molecules, display distinct evolutions with the tip-subunit distance, and reach contact values of 0.003-0.05 G 0. For equal tip-platform distances the contact conductance of the inert methyl is close to that of the reactive propynyl. Under further compression, the inert species, hydrogen and methyl, are found to be better conductors. This shows that the current flow is not directly correlated with the chemical interaction. Atomistic calculations for the methyl case reproduce the conductance evolution and reveal the role of the junction geometry, forces and orbital symmetries at the tip-molecule interface. The current flow is controlled by orbital symmetries at the electrode interfaces rather than by the energy alignment of the molecular orbitals and electrode states. Functionalized molecular platforms thus open new ways to control and engineer electron conduction through metal-molecule interfaces at the atomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torben Jasper-Tönnies
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, 24098 Kiel, Germany
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19
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Eklöf-Österberg J, Gschneidtner T, Tebikachew B, Lara-Avila S, Moth-Poulsen K. Parallel Fabrication of Self-Assembled Nanogaps for Molecular Electronic Devices. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1803471. [PMID: 30358919 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201803471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Single molecule electronics might be a way to add additional function to nanoscale devices and continue miniaturization beyond current state of the art. Here, a combined top-down and bottom-up strategy is employed to assemble single molecules onto prefabricated electrodes. Protodevices, which are self-assembled nanogaps composed by two gold nanoparticles linked by a single or a few molecules, are guided onto top-down prefabricated nanosized nickel electrodes with sandwiched palladium layers. It is shown that an optimized geometry of multilayered metallic (top-down) electrodes facilitates the assembly of (bottom-up) nanostructures by surface charge interactions. Moreover, such assembly process results in an electrode-nanoparticle interface free from linking molecules that enable electrical measurements to probe electron transport properties of the nanoparticle-molecule-nanoparticle protodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnas Eklöf-Österberg
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, 412 96, Sweden
| | - Tina Gschneidtner
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, 412 96, Sweden
| | - Behabitu Tebikachew
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, 412 96, Sweden
| | - Samuel Lara-Avila
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, 412 96, Sweden
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, TW11 0LW, UK
| | - Kasper Moth-Poulsen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, 412 96, Sweden
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20
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Synthesis and intramolecular electronic interactions of hexaarylbenzene bearing redox-active Cp*(dppe)Fe-C≡C- termini. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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21
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Milan DC, Vezzoli A, Planje IJ, Low PJ. Metal bis(acetylide) complex molecular wires: concepts and design strategies. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:14125-14138. [PMID: 29951669 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt02103a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The past decade has seen a remarkable surge in studies of thin-film and single-molecule electronics, due in no small part to the development and advancement of experimental methods for the construction and measurement of metal|molecule|metal junctions. Within the plethora of molecular structures that have been investigated, metal complexes of general form trans-M(C[triple bond, length as m-dash]CR)2(Ln) have attracted attention from the inorganic and organometallic chemistry community in the search for efficient molecular wires due to the potential π-d-π orbital mixing along the molecular backbone. In this article progress towards this goal will be summarised, and design strategies for future molecular components discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Milan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown St, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
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22
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Tanaka Y, Kato Y, Tada T, Fujii S, Kiguchi M, Akita M. “Doping” of Polyyne with an Organometallic Fragment Leads to Highly Conductive Metallapolyyne Molecular Wire. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:10080-10084. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b04484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Tanaka
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Yuya Kato
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Tada
- Materials Research Center for Element Strategy, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Shintaro Fujii
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Manabu Kiguchi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Munetaka Akita
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
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23
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Kichise D, Mase K, Fujikawa S, Yanai N, Kimizuka N. Specific Uniaxial Self-assembly of Columnar Perylene Liquid Crystals in Au Nanofin Arrays. CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.171228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kichise
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kazuma Mase
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shigenori Fujikawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsutacho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Yanai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- PRESTO, JST, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Nobuo Kimizuka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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24
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Zhang Q, Tao S, Yi R, He C, Zhao C, Su W, Smogunov A, Dappe YJ, Nichols RJ, Yang L. Symmetry Effects on Attenuation Factors in Graphene-Based Molecular Junctions. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:5987-5992. [PMID: 29178793 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b02822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The unique structural and electronic characteristics of graphene make it an attractive contact for fundamental single-molecule electrical studies. With this in mind, we have probed here the electrical conductance of a molecular junction based on α,ω-diaminoalkane chains sandwiched between a gold and a graphene electrode. Using an STM based I(s) method combined with density functional theory-based transport calculations, we demonstrate that the resulting attenuation factor turns out to be much lower when compared to the standard molecular junction between two gold electrodes. This effect is attributed to asymmetric coupling of the molecule through strong chemisorption at the gold electrode and weaker van der Waals contact at graphene. Moreover, this asymmetric coupling induces higher conductance than that in the same hybrid metal-graphene molecular junction using standard thiol anchoring groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Xi'an-Jiaotong Liverpool University , 215123 Suzhou, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool , Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Shuhui Tao
- Department of Chemistry, Xi'an-Jiaotong Liverpool University , 215123 Suzhou, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool , Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Ruowei Yi
- Department of Chemistry, Xi'an-Jiaotong Liverpool University , 215123 Suzhou, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool , Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Chunhui He
- Department of Chemistry, Xi'an-Jiaotong Liverpool University , 215123 Suzhou, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool , Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Cezhou Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Xi'an-Jiaotong Liverpool University , 215123 Suzhou, China
| | - Weitao Su
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University , 310018 Hangzhou, China
| | - Alexander Smogunov
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay , 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, Cedex, France
| | - Yannick J Dappe
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay , 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, Cedex, France
| | - Richard J Nichols
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool , Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Xi'an-Jiaotong Liverpool University , 215123 Suzhou, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool , Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
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25
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Chutora T, Redondo J, de la Torre B, Švec M, Jelínek P, Vázquez H. Stable Au-C bonds to the substrate for fullerene-based nanostructures. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 8:1073-1079. [PMID: 28685108 PMCID: PMC5480335 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.8.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report on the formation of fullerene-derived nanostructures on Au(111) at room temperature and under UHV conditions. After low-energy ion sputtering of fullerene films deposited on Au(111), bright spots appear at the herringbone corner sites when measured using a scanning tunneling microscope. These features are stable at room temperature against diffusion on the surface. We carry out DFT calculations of fullerene molecules having one missing carbon atom to simulate the vacancies in the molecules resulting from the sputtering process. These modified fullerenes have an adsorption energy on the Au(111) surface that is 1.6 eV higher than that of C60 molecules. This increased binding energy arises from the saturation by the Au surface of the bonds around the molecular vacancy defect. We therefore interpret the observed features as adsorbed fullerene-derived molecules with C vacancies. This provides a pathway for the formation of fullerene-based nanostructures on Au at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taras Chutora
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Cukrovarnicka 10, Prague, Czech Republic
- Palacký University, RCPTM, Joint Laboratory of Optics, 17. listopadu 12, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jesús Redondo
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Cukrovarnicka 10, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Bruno de la Torre
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Cukrovarnicka 10, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Švec
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Cukrovarnicka 10, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Jelínek
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Cukrovarnicka 10, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Héctor Vázquez
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Cukrovarnicka 10, Prague, Czech Republic
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26
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Tanaka Y, Kiguchi M, Akita M. Inorganic and Organometallic Molecular Wires for Single-Molecule Devices. Chemistry 2017; 23:4741-4749. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Tanaka
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science; Institute of Innovative Research; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 4259 Nagatsuta Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Manabu Kiguchi
- Department of Chemistry; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
| | - Munetaka Akita
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science; Institute of Innovative Research; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 4259 Nagatsuta Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
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27
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Kiguchi M, Fujii S. Governing the Metal–Molecule Interface: Towards New Functionality in Single-Molecule Junctions. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2017. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20160229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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28
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Öktem G, Sahre K, Voit B, Jordan R, Kiriy A. Facile synthesis of oligo(3-hexylthiophene)s conductive wires with charge-transfer functions. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00428a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A series of fully conjugated oligo(3-hexylthiophene)s bearing different starting- and end-groups have been synthesized by means of externally initiated Kumada catalyst-transfer polymerization (KCTP) and Grignard Metathesis Polymerization (GRIM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gözde Öktem
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry
- Technische Universität Dresden
| | - Karin Sahre
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Brigitte Voit
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CFAED)
- Technische Universität Dresden
| | - Rainer Jordan
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry
- Technische Universität Dresden
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CFAED)
| | - Anton Kiriy
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CFAED)
- Technische Universität Dresden
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29
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Kaneko S, Takahashi R, Fujii S, Nishino T, Kiguchi M. Controlling the formation process and atomic structures of single pyrazine molecular junction by tuning the strength of the metal–molecule interaction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:9843-9848. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp08862g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fabrication of single pyrazine molecular junction with Au, Ag and Cu electrodes using mechanically controllable break junction technique in ultra-high vacuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kaneko
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8551
- Japan
| | - Ryoji Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8551
- Japan
| | - Shintaro Fujii
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8551
- Japan
| | - Tomoaki Nishino
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8551
- Japan
| | - Manabu Kiguchi
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8551
- Japan
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30
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Al-Owaedi OA, Milan DC, Oerthel MC, Bock S, Yufit DS, Howard JAK, Higgins SJ, Nichols RJ, Lambert CJ, Bryce MR, Low PJ. Experimental and Computational Studies of the Single-Molecule Conductance of Ru(II) and Pt(II) trans-Bis(acetylide) Complexes. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oday A. Al-Owaedi
- Department
of Physics, University of Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YB, U.K
- Department of Laser Physics, Women Faculty of Science, Babylon University, Hilla, Iraq
| | - David C. Milan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
| | | | - Sören Bock
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Dmitry S. Yufit
- Department
of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
| | | | - Simon J. Higgins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Richard J. Nichols
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Colin J. Lambert
- Department
of Physics, University of Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YB, U.K
| | - Martin R. Bryce
- Department
of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
| | - Paul J. Low
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth 6009, Australia
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31
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Takahashi R, Kaneko S, Marqués-González S, Fujii S, Nishino T, Tsukagoshi K, Kiguchi M. Determination of the number of atoms present in nano contact based on shot noise measurements with highly stable nano-fabricated electrodes. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:295203. [PMID: 27291763 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/29/295203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A highly stable experimental setup was developed for the measurement of shot noise in atomic contacts and molecular junctions to determine the number of atoms or molecules present. The use of a nano-fabricated mechanically controllable break junction (MCBJ) electrode improved the overall stability of the experimental setup. The improved stability of the system and optimization of measurement system enabled us to comprehensively investigate the shot noise as well as charge transport properties in Au atomic contacts and molecular junctions. We present a solid proof that the number of atoms (cross sectional atom) in the Au atomic contacts was exactly one. In the atomic contacts, contribution from the additional channels was under the detection limit. Furthermore, the effect of molecular adsorption on the charge transport in the Au atomic contact was investigated. Additional transport channels were opened by exposing pyrazine molecules to the Au contacts, which gave rise to an increase in the Fano factor in the shot noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoji Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 W4-10, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
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32
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Bedogni E, Kaneko S, Fujii S, Nishino T, Kiguchi M. Electrical Conductance of a Single 1,2-Ethanedithiol Molecular Junction Prepared in Ultrahigh Vacuum. CHEM LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.160238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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33
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Fujii S, Kanae S, Iwane M, Nishino T, Osuga T, Murase T, Fujita M, Kiguchi M. Effect of Ag Ion Insertion on Electron Transport through Au Ion Wires. CHEM LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.160286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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34
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Komoto Y, Fujii S, Nakamura H, Tada T, Nishino T, Kiguchi M. Resolving metal-molecule interfaces at single-molecule junctions. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26606. [PMID: 27221947 PMCID: PMC4879565 DOI: 10.1038/srep26606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Electronic and structural detail at the electrode-molecule interface have a significant influence on charge transport across molecular junctions. Despite the decisive role of the metal-molecule interface, a complete electronic and structural characterization of the interface remains a challenge. This is in no small part due to current experimental limitations. Here, we present a comprehensive approach to obtain a detailed description of the metal-molecule interface in single-molecule junctions, based on current-voltage (I-V) measurements. Contrary to conventional conductance studies, this I-V approach provides a correlated statistical description of both, the degree of electronic coupling across the metal-molecule interface, and the energy alignment between the conduction orbital and the Fermi level of the electrode. This exhaustive statistical approach was employed to study single-molecule junctions of 1,4-benzenediamine (BDA), 1,4-butanediamine (C4DA), and 1,4-benzenedithiol (BDT). A single interfacial configuration was observed for both BDA and C4DA junctions, while three different interfacial arrangements were resolved for BDT. This multiplicity is due to different molecular adsorption sites on the Au surface namely on-top, hollow, and bridge. Furthermore, C4DA junctions present a fluctuating I-V curve arising from the greater conformational freedom of the saturated alkyl chain, in sharp contrast with the rigid aromatic backbone of both BDA and BDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Komoto
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Shintaro Fujii
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Hisao Nakamura
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Central 2, Umezono 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Tada
- Materials Research Center for Element Strategy, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-S2-13 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Nishino
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Manabu Kiguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
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35
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Li Y, Demir F, Kaneko S, Fujii S, Nishino T, Saffarzadeh A, Kirczenow G, Kiguchi M. Electrical conductance and structure of copper atomic junctions in the presence of water molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 17:32436-42. [PMID: 26588589 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp05227k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated Cu atomic contacts in the presence of H2O both experimentally and theoretically. The conductance measurements showed the formation of H2O/Cu junctions with a fixed conductance value of around 0.1 G0 (G0 = 2e(2)/h). These structures were found to be stable and could be stretched over 0.5 nm, indicating the formation of an atomic or molecular chain. In agreement with the experimental findings, theoretical calculations revealed that the conductance of H2O/Cu junctions decreases in stages as the junction is stretched, with the formation of a H2O/Cu atomic chain with a conductance of ca. 0.1 G0 prior to junction rupture. Conversely, in the absence of H2O, the conductance of the Cu junction remains close to 1 G0 prior to the junction rupture and abrupt conductance drop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 W4-10 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.
| | - Firuz Demir
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6.
| | - Satoshi Kaneko
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 W4-10 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.
| | - Shintaro Fujii
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 W4-10 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.
| | - Tomoaki Nishino
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 W4-10 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.
| | - Alireza Saffarzadeh
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6. and Department of Physics, Payame Noor University, P.O. Box 19395-3697 Tehran, Iran
| | - George Kirczenow
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6.
| | - Manabu Kiguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 W4-10 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.
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36
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Kaneko S, Murai D, Marqués-González S, Nakamura H, Komoto Y, Fujii S, Nishino T, Ikeda K, Tsukagoshi K, Kiguchi M. Site-Selection in Single-Molecule Junction for Highly Reproducible Molecular Electronics. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:1294-300. [PMID: 26728229 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b11559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Adsorption sites of molecules critically determine the electric/photonic properties and the stability of heterogeneous molecule-metal interfaces. Then, selectivity of adsorption site is essential for development of the fields including organic electronics, catalysis, and biology. However, due to current technical limitations, site-selectivity, i.e., precise determination of the molecular adsorption site, remains a major challenge because of difficulty in precise selection of meaningful one among the sites. We have succeeded the single site-selection at a single-molecule junction by performing newly developed hybrid technique: simultaneous characterization of surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and current-voltage (I-V) measurements. The I-V response of 1,4-benzenedithiol junctions reveals the existence of three metastable states arising from different adsorption sites. Notably, correlated SERS measurements show selectivity toward one of the adsorption sites: "bridge sites". This site-selectivity represents an essential step toward the reliable integration of individual molecules on metallic surfaces. Furthermore, the hybrid spectro-electric technique reveals the dependence of the SERS intensity on the strength of the molecule-metal interaction, showing the interdependence between the optical and electronic properties in single-molecule junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kaneko
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology , 2-12-1 W4-10 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Daigo Murai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology , 2-12-1 W4-10 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Santiago Marqués-González
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology , 2-12-1 W4-10 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Hisao Nakamura
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Central 2, Umezono 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Yuki Komoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology , 2-12-1 W4-10 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Shintaro Fujii
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology , 2-12-1 W4-10 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Nishino
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology , 2-12-1 W4-10 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Katsuyoshi Ikeda
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology , Gokiso, Showa, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Tsukagoshi
- WPI Center for Materials Nanoarchitechtonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Manabu Kiguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology , 2-12-1 W4-10 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
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37
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Sugimoto K, Tanaka Y, Fujii S, Tada T, Kiguchi M, Akita M. Organometallic molecular wires as versatile modules for energy-level alignment of the metal–molecule–metal junction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:5796-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc01705c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Organometallic Ru molecular wires show significantly higher conductance compared to their organic counterpart due to high-lying HOMOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaho Sugimoto
- Chemical Resources Laboratory
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama 226-8503
- Japan
| | - Yuya Tanaka
- Chemical Resources Laboratory
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama 226-8503
- Japan
| | - Shintaro Fujii
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8551
- Japan
| | - Tomofumi Tada
- Materials Research Center for Element Strategy
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama
- Japan
| | - Manabu Kiguchi
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8551
- Japan
| | - Munetaka Akita
- Chemical Resources Laboratory
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama 226-8503
- Japan
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38
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Villagómez CJ, Castanié F, Momblona C, Gauthier S, Zambelli T, Bouju X. Adsorption of single 1,8-octanedithiol molecules on Cu(100). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:27521-27528. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp04449b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
STM experiments and calculations have allowed identifying the most favorable conformation of a single octanedithiol molecule on a copper surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos J. Villagómez
- Instituto de Física
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Mexico
- CEMES-CNRS
- 31055 Toulouse Cedex 4
| | - Fabien Castanié
- CEMES-CNRS
- 31055 Toulouse Cedex 4
- France
- Université de Toulouse
- UPS
| | - Cristina Momblona
- CEMES-CNRS
- 31055 Toulouse Cedex 4
- France
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragoń (INA)
- Edificio i+d
| | | | - Tomaso Zambelli
- CEMES-CNRS
- 31055 Toulouse Cedex 4
- France
- Swiss Fed. Inst. Technlo
- Inst. Biomed. Engn
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39
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Xu X, Li W, Zhou X, Wang Q, Feng J, Tian WQ, Jiang Y. Theoretical study of electron tunneling through the spiral molecule junctions along spiral paths. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:3765-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp06726j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A theoretical study of electron transport in spiral-shaped molecules along spiral paths is executed by the first principles calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Xu
- Department of Physics
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- P. R. China
| | - Weiqi Li
- Department of Physics
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Institute of Theoretical and Simulational Chemistry
- Academy of Fundamental and Interdisciplinary Sciences
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- P. R. China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- College of Science
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Jikang Feng
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry and College of Chemistry Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Quan Tian
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400044
- P. R. China
| | - Yongyuan Jiang
- Department of Physics
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- P. R. China
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40
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Hüser F, Solomon GC. Electron transport in molecular junctions with graphene as protecting layer. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:214302. [PMID: 26646877 DOI: 10.1063/1.4936409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We present ab initio transport calculations for molecular junctions that include graphene as a protecting layer between a single molecule and gold electrodes. This vertical setup has recently gained significant interest in experiment for the design of particularly stable and reproducible devices. We observe that the signals from the molecule in the electronic transmission are overlayed by the signatures of the graphene sheet, thus raising the need for a reinterpretation of the transmission. On the other hand, we see that our results are stable with respect to various defects in the graphene. For weakly physiosorbed molecules, no signs of interaction with the graphene are evident, so the transport properties are determined by offresonant tunnelling between the gold leads across an extended structure that includes the molecule itself and the additional graphene layer. Compared with pure gold electrodes, calculated conductances are about one order of magnitude lower due to the increased tunnelling distance. Relative differences upon changing the end group and the length of the molecule on the other hand, are similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falco Hüser
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 2100 København Ø, Denmark
| | - Gemma C Solomon
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 2100 København Ø, Denmark
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41
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Nichols RJ, Higgins SJ. Single-Molecule Electronics: Chemical and Analytical Perspectives. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2015; 8:389-417. [PMID: 26048551 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-071114-040118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
It is now possible to measure the electrical properties of single molecules using a variety of techniques including scanning probe microcopies and mechanically controlled break junctions. Such measurements can be made across a wide range of environments including ambient conditions, organic liquids, ionic liquids, aqueous solutions, electrolytes, and ultra high vacuum. This has given new insights into charge transport across molecule electrical junctions, and these experimental methods have been complemented with increasingly sophisticated theory. This article reviews progress in single-molecule electronics from a chemical perspective and discusses topics such as the molecule-surface coupling in electrical junctions, chemical control, and supramolecular interactions in junctions and gating charge transport. The article concludes with an outlook regarding chemical analysis based on single-molecule conductance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Nichols
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom;
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42
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Fujii S, Tada T, Komoto Y, Osuga T, Murase T, Fujita M, Kiguchi M. Rectifying Electron-Transport Properties through Stacks of Aromatic Molecules Inserted into a Self-Assembled Cage. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:5939-47. [PMID: 25900686 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aromatic stacks formed through self-assembly are promising building blocks for the construction of molecular electronic devices with adjustable electronic functions, in which noncovalently bound π-stacks act as replaceable modular components. Here we describe the electron-transport properties of single-molecule aromatic stacks aligned in a self-assembled cage, using scanning probe microscopic and break junction methods. Same and different modular aromatic pairs are noncovalently bound and stacked within the molecular cage holder, which leads to diverse electronic functions. The insertion of same pairs induces high electronic conductivity (10(-3)-10(-2) G0, G0 = 2e(2)/h), while different pairs develop additional electronic rectification properties. The rectification ratio was, respectively, estimated to be 1.4-2 and >10 in current-voltage characteristics and molecular orientation-dependent conductance measurements at a fixed bias voltage. Theoretical calculations demonstrate that this rectification behavior originates from the distinct stacking order of the internal aromatic components against the electron-transport direction and the corresponding lowest unoccupied molecular orbital conduction channels localized on one side of the molecular junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Fujii
- †Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 W4-10 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8511, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Tada
- ‡Materials Research Center for Element Strategy, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-S2-13 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Yuki Komoto
- †Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 W4-10 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8511, Japan
| | - Takafumi Osuga
- §Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takashi Murase
- ∥Department of Material and Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, 1-4-12 Kojirakawa-machi, Yamagata-shi, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan
| | - Makoto Fujita
- §Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Manabu Kiguchi
- †Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 W4-10 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8511, Japan
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43
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A quantum circuit rule for interference effects in single-molecule electrical junctions. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6389. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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44
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Liu H, He Y, Zhang J, Zhao J, Chen L. A theoretical study of asymmetric electron transport through linearly aromatic molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:4558-68. [PMID: 25583004 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp03887h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Electron transport through a series of polyacene molecules connected via a π-conjugated bridge (an anthracene molecule) was investigated theoretically by using the nonequilibrium Green's function formalism combined with density functional theory. The results have shown that the asymmetric current-voltage characteristics can be achieved by tuning the position of a side π-bridge linked to the main conjugated backbone. The detailed analyses of the spatial distribution of molecular orbitals as well as the current density interpret how the location of π-bridge strongly affects the intramolecular electronic coupling. The rectification in the molecular junction arises from the localization of the molecular orbitals near the Fermi level and the asymmetric shift of molecule orbital energy levels under positive and negative bias. The rectification ratio decreases with increasing the length of the π-bridge which improves intramolecular electronic coupling between aromatic rings. Furthermore, the rectification properties of conjugated molecules are just slightly affected by the anchoring positions of thiol groups. These results demonstrated that the location and the length of π-bridge, which induce the asymmetric intramolecular coupling, play key roles in the rectification of the linearly aromatic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Liu
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Linyi University, Shuangling Road, Linyi 276000, P. R. China
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45
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Matsushita R, Kiguchi M. Surface enhanced Raman scattering of a single molecular junction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:21254-60. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp04906c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Surface enhanced Raman scattering of a single molecular junction together with the conductance measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuji Matsushita
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8551
- Japan
| | - Manabu Kiguchi
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8551
- Japan
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46
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Balogh Z, Visontai D, Makk P, Gillemot K, Oroszlány L, Pósa L, Lambert C, Halbritter A. Precursor configurations and post-rupture evolution of Ag-CO-Ag single-molecule junctions. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:14784-91. [PMID: 25358380 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr04645e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Experimental correlation analysis and first-principles theory are used to probe the structure and evolution of Ag-CO-Ag single-molecule junctions both before the formation and after the rupture of the junctions. Two dimensional correlation histograms and conditional histograms demonstrate that prior to the single-molecule bridge configuration the CO molecule is already bound parallel to the Ag single-atom contact. This molecular precursor configuration is accompanied by the opening of additional conductance channels compared to the single-channel transport in pure Ag monoatomic junctions. To investigate the post-rupture evolution of the junction we introduce a cross-correlation analysis between the opening and the subsequent closing conductance traces. This analysis implies that the molecule is bound rigidly to the apex of one electrode, and so the same single-molecule configuration is re-established as the junction is closed. The experimental results are confirmed by ab initio simulations of the evolution of contact geometries, transmission eigenvalues and scattering wavefunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Balogh
- Department of Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics and MTA-BME Condensed Matter Research Group, 1111 Budapest, Budafoki ut 8, Hungary.
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47
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Wang K, Hamill JM, Zhou J, Xu B. Mapping the Details of Contact Effect of Modulated Au-Octanedithiol-Au Break Junction by Force–Conductance Cross-Correlation. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:17406-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja510738y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Single Molecule Study Laboratory,
College of Engineering and Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Joseph M. Hamill
- Single Molecule Study Laboratory,
College of Engineering and Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Jianfeng Zhou
- Single Molecule Study Laboratory,
College of Engineering and Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Bingqian Xu
- Single Molecule Study Laboratory,
College of Engineering and Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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48
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Zhang YM, Wang X, Zhang W, Li W, Yang B, Li M, Zhang SXA. Cross polarization effect of donor-acceptor group on a potential single-molecule transistor. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Mo. Zhang
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials; Jilin University; Changchun 130012 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials; Jilin University; Changchun 130012 People's Republic of China
| | - Weiran Zhang
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials; Jilin University; Changchun 130012 People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Li
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials; Jilin University; Changchun 130012 People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Yang
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials; Jilin University; Changchun 130012 People's Republic of China
| | - Minjie Li
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials; Jilin University; Changchun 130012 People's Republic of China
| | - Sean Xiao-An Zhang
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials; Jilin University; Changchun 130012 People's Republic of China
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Kolivoška V, Mohos M, Pobelov IV, Rohrbach S, Yoshida K, Hong WJ, Fu YC, Moreno-García P, Mészáros G, Broekmann P, Hromadová M, Sokolová R, Valášek M, Wandlowski T. Electrochemical control of a non-covalent binding between ferrocene and beta-cyclodextrin. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:11757-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc04102j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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50
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Zhang T, Ma Z, Wang L, Xi J, Shuai Z. Interface electronic structures of reversible double-docking self-assembled monolayers on an Au(111) surface. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2014; 372:20130018. [PMID: 24615153 PMCID: PMC3949364 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2013.0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Double-docking self-assembled monolayers (DDSAMs), namely self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) formed by molecules possessing two docking groups, provide great flexibility to tune the work function of metal electrodes and the tunnelling barrier between metal electrodes and the SAMs, and thus offer promising applications in both organic and molecular electronics. Based on the dispersion-corrected density functional theory (DFT) in comparison with conventional DFT, we carry out a systematic investigation on the dual configurations of a series of DDSAMs on an Au(111) surface. Through analysing the interface electronic structures, we obtain the relationship between single molecular properties and the SAM-induced work-function modification as well as the level alignment between the metal Fermi level and molecular frontier states. The two possible conformations of one type of DDSAM on a metal surface reveal a strong difference in the work-function modification and the electron/hole tunnelling barriers. Fermi-level pinning is found to be a key factor to understand the interface electronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic OptoElectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongyun Ma
- School of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, People's Republic of China
| | - Linjun Wang
- Service de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux, Université de Mons, Place du Parc 20, Mons 7000, Belgium
| | - Jinyang Xi
- Key Laboratory of Organic OptoElectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Shuai
- Key Laboratory of Organic OptoElectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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