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Hixon JC, Rivas Zarete JI, White J, Hilaire M, Muhammad A, Yusuf AP, Adu-Addai B, Yates CC, Mahavadi S. Epigenetic Modulation of GPER Expression in Gastric and Colonic Smooth Muscle of Male and Female Non-Obese Diabetic (NOD) Mice: Insights into H3K4me3 and H3K27ac Modifications. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5260. [PMID: 38791299 PMCID: PMC11121689 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) affects gastrointestinal (GI) motility, favoring gastroparesis, constipation, and fecal incontinence, which are more prevalent in women. The mechanisms are unknown. Given the G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor's (GPER) role in GI motility, we investigated sex-related diabetes-induced epigenetic changes in GPER. We assessed GPER mRNA and protein expression levels using qPCR and Western blot analyses, and quantified the changes in nuclear DNA methyltransferases and histone modifications (H3K4me3, H3Ac, and H3K27Ac) by ELISA kits. Targeted bisulfite and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were used to evaluate DNA methylation and histone modifications around the GPER promoter by chromatin immunoprecipitation assays in gastric and colonic smooth muscle tissues of male and female control (CTR) and non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. GPER expression was downregulated in NOD, with sex-dependent variations. In the gastric smooth muscle, not in colonic smooth muscle, downregulation coincided with differences in methylation ratios between regions 1 and 2 of the GPER promoter of NOD. DNA methylation was higher in NOD male colonic smooth muscle than in NOD females. H3K4me3 and H3ac enrichment decreased in NOD gastric smooth muscle. H3K4me3 levels diminished in the colonic smooth muscle of NOD. H3K27ac levels were unaffected, but enrichment decreased in NOD male gastric smooth muscle; however, it increased in the NOD male colonic smooth muscle and decreased in the female NOD colonic smooth muscle. Male NOD colonic smooth muscle exhibited decreased H3K27ac levels, not female, whereas female NOD colonic smooth muscle demonstrated diminished enrichment of H3ac at the GPER promoter, contrary to male NOD. Sex-specific epigenetic mechanisms contribute to T1D-mediated suppression of GPER expression in the GI tract. These insights advance our understanding of T1D complications and suggest promising avenues for targeted therapeutic interventions.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Female
- Male
- Mice
- Colon/metabolism
- Colon/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics
- DNA Methylation
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Histones/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Muscle, Smooth/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
- Receptors, Estrogen/genetics
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Stomach/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanita C Hixon
- Center for Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
| | - Jatna I Rivas Zarete
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
| | - Jason White
- Center for Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
| | - Mariline Hilaire
- Department of Environment & Nutrition Sciences, College of Agriculture, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
| | - Aliyu Muhammad
- Center for Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, P.M.B. 1044, Zaria 810211, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Abdurrahman Pharmacy Yusuf
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna 920101, Niger State, Nigeria
| | - Benjamin Adu-Addai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
| | - Clayton C Yates
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Sunila Mahavadi
- Center for Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
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2
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Averna M, Melotti P, Sorio C. Revisiting the Role of Leukocytes in Cystic Fibrosis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123380. [PMID: 34943888 PMCID: PMC8699441 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis in characterized by pulmonary bacterial colonization and hyperinflammation. Lymphocytes, monocytes/macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells of patients with CF express functional CFTR and are directly affected by altered CFTR expression/function, impairing their ability to resolve infections and inflammation. However, the mechanism behind and the contribution of leukocytes in the pathogenesis of CF are still poorly characterized. The recent clinical introduction of specific CFTR modulators added an important tool not only for the clinical management of the disease but also to the investigation of the pathophysiological mechanisms related to CFTR dysfunction and dysregulated immunity. These drugs treat the basic defect in cystic fibrosis (CF) by increasing CFTR function with improvement of lung function and quality of life, and may improve clinical outcomes also by correcting the dysregulated immune function that characterizes CF. Measure of CFTR function, protein expression profiling and several omics methods were used to identify molecular changes in freshly isolated leukocytes of CF patients, highlighting two roles of leukocytes in CF: one more generally related to the mechanism(s) causing immune dysregulation in CF and unresolved inflammation, and another more applicative role, which identifies in myeloid cells, an important tool predictive of the therapeutic response of CF patients. In this review we will summarize available data on CFTR expression and function in leukocyte populations and will discuss potential clinical applications based on available data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Averna
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy;
| | - Paola Melotti
- Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy;
| | - Claudio Sorio
- Department of Medicine, General Pathology Division, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-045-802-7688
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3
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Sauvage S, Hardouin J. Exoproteomics for Better Understanding Pseudomonas aeruginosa Virulence. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E571. [PMID: 32899849 PMCID: PMC7551764 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12090571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common human opportunistic pathogen associated with nosocomial diseases. In 2017, the World Health Organization has classified P. aeruginosa as a critical agent threatening human health, and for which the development of new treatments is urgently necessary. One interesting avenue is to target virulence factors to understand P. aeruginosa pathogenicity. Thus, characterising exoproteins of P. aeruginosa is a hot research topic and proteomics is a powerful approach that provides important information to gain insights on bacterial virulence. The aim of this review is to focus on the contribution of proteomics to the studies of P. aeruginosa exoproteins, highlighting its relevance in the discovery of virulence factors, post-translational modifications on exoproteins and host-pathogen relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salomé Sauvage
- Polymers, Biopolymers, Surface Laboratory, UMR 6270 CNRS, University of Rouen, CEDEX, F-76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France;
- PISSARO Proteomics Facility, IRIB, F-76820 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Julie Hardouin
- Polymers, Biopolymers, Surface Laboratory, UMR 6270 CNRS, University of Rouen, CEDEX, F-76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France;
- PISSARO Proteomics Facility, IRIB, F-76820 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
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4
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Sandri A, Ortombina A, Boschi F, Cremonini E, Boaretti M, Sorio C, Melotti P, Bergamini G, Lleo M. Inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa secreted virulence factors reduces lung inflammation in CF mice. Virulence 2018; 9:1008-1018. [PMID: 29938577 PMCID: PMC6086295 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2018.1489198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cystic fibrosis (CF) lung infection is a complex condition where opportunistic pathogens and defective immune system cooperate in developing a constant cycle of infection and inflammation. The major pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, secretes a multitude of virulence factors involved in host immune response and lung tissue damage. In this study, we examined the possible anti-inflammatory effects of molecules inhibiting P. aeruginosa virulence factors. Methods: Pyocyanin, pyoverdine and proteases were measured in bacterial culture supernatant from different P. aeruginosa strains. Inhibition of virulence factors by sub-inhibitory concentrations of clarithromycin and by protease inhibitors was evaluated. Lung inflammatory response was monitored by in vivo bioluminescence imaging in wild-type and CFTR-knockout mice expressing a luciferase gene under the control of a bovine IL-8 promoter. Results: The amount of proteases, pyocyanin and pyoverdine secreted by P. aeruginosa strains was reduced after growth in the presence of a sub-inhibitory dose of clarithromycin. Intratracheal challenge with culture supernatant containing bacteria-released products induced a strong IL-8-mediated response in mouse lungs while lack of virulence factors corresponded to a reduction in bioluminescence emission. Particularly, sole inactivation of proteases by inhibitors Ilomastat and Marimastat also resulted in decreased lung inflammation. Conclusions: Our data support the assumption that virulence factors are involved in P. aeruginosa pro-inflammatory action in CF lungs; particularly, proteases seem to play an important role. Inhibition of virulence factors production and activity resulted in decreased lung inflammation; thus, clarithromycin and protease inhibitors potentially represent additional therapeutic therapies for P. aeruginosa-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Sandri
- a Department of Diagnostics and Public Health , University of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - Alessia Ortombina
- a Department of Diagnostics and Public Health , University of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - Federico Boschi
- b Department of Computer Science , University of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - Eleonora Cremonini
- a Department of Diagnostics and Public Health , University of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - Marzia Boaretti
- a Department of Diagnostics and Public Health , University of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - Claudio Sorio
- c Department of Medicine , University of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - Paola Melotti
- d Cystic Fibrosis Center , Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona , Verona , Italy
| | | | - Maria Lleo
- a Department of Diagnostics and Public Health , University of Verona , Verona , Italy
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5
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Leal T, Bergamini G, Huaux F, Panin N, Noel S, Dhooghe B, Haaf JB, Mauri P, Motta S, Di Silvestre D, Melotti P, Sorio C. Azithromycin Attenuates Pseudomonas-Induced Lung Inflammation by Targeting Bacterial Proteins Secreted in the Cultured Medium. Front Immunol 2016; 7:499. [PMID: 27895643 PMCID: PMC5108761 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pseudomonas aeruginosa airway infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Azithromycin improves the related clinical outcomes, but its mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that azithromycin downregulates P. aeruginosa-induced pro-inflammatory responses by modifying release of bacterial proteins. Methods We monitored inflammatory markers in lungs of CF mutant mice and their littermate controls in response to conditioned media (CM) collected from the reference P. aeruginosa PAO1 strain cultured in the presence or in the absence of azithromycin. A mass spectrometry-based proteomic approach was applied to examine whether the macrolide elicits a differential release of bacterial proteins. Results CM collected from azithromycin-untreated PAO1 cultures induced powerful pro-inflammatory neutrophil-dominated responses. Azithromycin attenuated the responses, mainly of macrophage chemoattractant protein-1, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interferon-γ, in CF but not in wild-type mice. Proteomic analysis showed that azithromycin upregulated an array of bacterial proteins including those associated with regulation of immune functions and with repair and resolution of inflammatory responses like the chaperone DnaK and the S-adenosylmethionine synthase, while it downregulated the extracellular heme acquisition protein HasA and the catalytic enzyme lysylendopeptidase. Conclusion Supernatants collected from cultures of the bacterial strain PAO1 represent a novel experimental model to trigger in vivo lung inflammatory responses that should be closer to those obtained with live bacteria, but without bacterial infection. Combined with a bactericidal effect, complex regulation of bacterial innate immune and metabolic factors released in the cultured medium by the action of the macrolide can contribute to its anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresinha Leal
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Gabriella Bergamini
- Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Laboratory "D. Lissandrini", Department of Medicine, Division of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Cystic Fibrosis Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - François Huaux
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Nadtha Panin
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Sabrina Noel
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Barbara Dhooghe
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Jeremy B Haaf
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Pierluigi Mauri
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies (ITB-CNR), Segrate , Milan , Italy
| | - Sara Motta
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies (ITB-CNR), Segrate , Milan , Italy
| | - Dario Di Silvestre
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies (ITB-CNR), Segrate , Milan , Italy
| | - Paola Melotti
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - Claudio Sorio
- Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Laboratory "D. Lissandrini", Department of Medicine, Division of General Pathology, University of Verona , Verona , Italy
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6
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Rizzo R, Bergamini G, Bortolotti D, Leal T, D'Orazio C, Pintani E, Melchiorri L, Zavatti E, Assael BM, Sorio C, Melotti P. HLA-G expression and regulation during Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in cystic fibrosis patients. Future Microbiol 2016; 11:363-73. [PMID: 26934639 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.15.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deregulated immune response fails to control biofilm-forming bacteria, as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in the lungs of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. HLA-G is an immune-modulatory molecule involved in respiratory diseases and infections. MATERIALS & METHODS HLA-G mRNA and protein were analyzed in plasma and exhaled breath condensate from CF patients undergoing intravenous antibiotic treatment, CF cell line and murine model. RESULTS Therapy normalizes HLA-G plasmatic in CF patients suggesting a systemic anti-inflammatory role while in CF airway system, higher expression of HLA-G is associated with P. aeruginosa infection. CF cell line and murine model expressed higher HLA-G molecules in the presence of P. aeruginosa. CONCLUSION Plasmatic and lung HLA-G expression suggest a role in reducing systemic inflammation and supporting P. aeruginosa infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Rizzo
- Section of Microbiology & Medical Genetics, Medical Sciences Department, Ferrara University, 44121 Ferrara FE, Italy
| | - Gabriella Bergamini
- Section of Microbiology & Medical Genetics, Medical Sciences Department, Ferrara University, 44121 Ferrara FE, Italy.,Department of Medicine, Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Laboratory "Daniele Lissandrini," University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Daria Bortolotti
- Section of Microbiology & Medical Genetics, Medical Sciences Department, Ferrara University, 44121 Ferrara FE, Italy
| | - Teresinha Leal
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology & Applied Pharmacology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Place de l'Université 1, 1348, Belgium
| | - Ciro D'Orazio
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, 37122 Verona VR, Italy
| | - Emily Pintani
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, 37122 Verona VR, Italy
| | - Loredana Melchiorri
- Section of Microbiology & Medical Genetics, Medical Sciences Department, Ferrara University, 44121 Ferrara FE, Italy
| | - Eleonora Zavatti
- Service Planning and Management Control, University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Baroukh M Assael
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, 37122 Verona VR, Italy
| | - Claudio Sorio
- Department of Medicine, Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Laboratory "Daniele Lissandrini," University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Paola Melotti
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, 37122 Verona VR, Italy
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7
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Richter ME, Neugebauer S, Engelmann F, Hagel S, Ludewig K, La Rosée P, Sayer HG, Hochhaus A, von Lilienfeld-Toal M, Bretschneider T, Pausch C, Engel C, Brunkhorst FM, Kiehntopf M. Biomarker candidates for the detection of an infectious etiology of febrile neutropenia. Infection 2015; 44:175-86. [PMID: 26275448 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-015-0830-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Infections and subsequent septicemia are major complications in neutropenic patients with hematological malignancies. Here, we identify biomarker candidates for the early detection of an infectious origin, and monitoring of febrile neutropenia (FN). METHODS Proteome, metabolome, and conventional biomarkers from 20 patients with febrile neutropenia without proven infection (FNPI) were compared to 28 patients with proven infection, including 17 patients with bacteremia. RESULTS Three peptides (mass to charge ratio 1017.4-1057.3; p-values 0.011-0.024), six proteins (mass to charge ratio 6881-17,215; p-values 0.002-0.004), and six phosphatidylcholines (p-values 0.007-0.037) were identified that differed in FNPI patients compared to patients with infection or bacteremia. Seven of these marker candidates discriminated FNPI from infection at fever onset with higher sensitivity and specificity (ROC-AUC 0.688-0.824) than conventional biomarkers i.e., procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, or interleukin-6 (ROC-AUC 0.535-0.672). In a post hoc analysis, monitoring the time course of four lysophosphatidylcholines, threonine, and tryptophan allowed for discrimination of patients with or without resolution of FN (ROC-AUC 0.648-0.919) with higher accuracy compared to conventional markers (ROC-AUC 0.514-0.871). CONCLUSIONS Twenty-one promising biomarker candidates for the early detection of an infectious origin or for monitoring the course of FN were found which might overcome known shortcomings of conventional markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin E Richter
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Laboratoriumsdiagnostik, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747, Jena, Germany.,Integriertes Forschungs- und Behandlungszentrum Sepsis und Sepsisfolgen (CSCC), Universitätsklinikum Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Sophie Neugebauer
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Laboratoriumsdiagnostik, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747, Jena, Germany.,Integriertes Forschungs- und Behandlungszentrum Sepsis und Sepsisfolgen (CSCC), Universitätsklinikum Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Falco Engelmann
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Laboratoriumsdiagnostik, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Hagel
- Integriertes Forschungs- und Behandlungszentrum Sepsis und Sepsisfolgen (CSCC), Universitätsklinikum Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747, Jena, Germany.,Zentrum für Infektionsmedizin und Krankenhaushygiene, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747, Jena, Germany.,Klinik für Innere Medizin IV (Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie, Infektiologie), Universitätsklinikum Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Katrin Ludewig
- Integriertes Forschungs- und Behandlungszentrum Sepsis und Sepsisfolgen (CSCC), Universitätsklinikum Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Paul La Rosée
- Integriertes Forschungs- und Behandlungszentrum Sepsis und Sepsisfolgen (CSCC), Universitätsklinikum Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747, Jena, Germany.,Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Abt. Hämatologie und Intern. Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Herbert G Sayer
- Integriertes Forschungs- und Behandlungszentrum Sepsis und Sepsisfolgen (CSCC), Universitätsklinikum Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747, Jena, Germany.,Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Abt. Hämatologie und Intern. Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747, Jena, Germany.,4. Medizinische Klinik (Hämatologie und internistische Onkologie, Hämostaseologie), HELIOS Klinikum Erfurt, Nordhäuser Straße 74, 99089, Erfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Hochhaus
- Integriertes Forschungs- und Behandlungszentrum Sepsis und Sepsisfolgen (CSCC), Universitätsklinikum Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747, Jena, Germany.,Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Abt. Hämatologie und Intern. Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Marie von Lilienfeld-Toal
- Integriertes Forschungs- und Behandlungszentrum Sepsis und Sepsisfolgen (CSCC), Universitätsklinikum Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747, Jena, Germany.,Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Abt. Hämatologie und Intern. Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Tom Bretschneider
- Leibniz Institut für Naturstoff-Forschung und Infektionsbiologie, Hans-Knöll-Institut, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 23, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Christine Pausch
- Integriertes Forschungs- und Behandlungszentrum Sepsis und Sepsisfolgen (CSCC), Universitätsklinikum Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747, Jena, Germany.,Institut für Medizinische Informatik, Statistik und Epidemiologie, Universität Leipzig, Härtelstraße 16-18, 04107, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph Engel
- Institut für Medizinische Informatik, Statistik und Epidemiologie, Universität Leipzig, Härtelstraße 16-18, 04107, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Frank M Brunkhorst
- Zentrum für Klinische Studien, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Salvador-Allende-Platz 27, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Kiehntopf
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Laboratoriumsdiagnostik, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747, Jena, Germany. .,Integriertes Forschungs- und Behandlungszentrum Sepsis und Sepsisfolgen (CSCC), Universitätsklinikum Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747, Jena, Germany.
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8
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Stellari F, Bergamini G, Sandri A, Donofrio G, Sorio C, Ruscitti F, Villetti G, Assael BM, Melotti P, Lleo MM. In vivo imaging of the lung inflammatory response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its modulation by azithromycin. J Transl Med 2015; 13:251. [PMID: 26239109 PMCID: PMC4522964 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0615-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic inflammation of the airways is a central component in lung diseases and is frequently associated with bacterial infections. Monitoring the pro-inflammatory capability of bacterial virulence factors in vivo is challenging and usually requires invasive methods. Methods Lung inflammation was induced using the culture supernatants from two Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical strains, VR1 and VR2, isolated from patients affected by cystic fibrosis and showing different phenotypes in terms of motility, colony characteristics and biofilm production as well as pyoverdine and pyocyanine release. More interesting, the strains differ also for the presence in supernatants of metalloproteases, a family of virulence factors with known pro-inflammatory activity. We have evaluated the benefit of using a mouse model, transiently expressing the luciferase reporter gene under the control of an heterologous IL-8 bovine promoter, to detect and monitoring lung inflammation. Results In vivo imaging indicated that VR1 strain, releasing in its culture supernatant metalloproteases and other virulence factors, induced lung inflammation while the VR2 strain presented with a severely reduced pro-inflammatory activity. The bioluminescence signal was detectable from 4 to 48 h after supernatant instillation. The animal model was also used to test the anti-inflammatory activity of azithromycin (AZM), an antibiotic with demonstrated inhibitory effect on the synthesis of bacterial exoproducts. The inflammation signal in mice was in fact significantly reduced when bacteria grew in the presence of a sub-lethal dose of AZM causing inhibition of the synthesis of metalloproteases and other bacterial elements. The in vivo data were further supported by quantification of immune cells and cytokine expression in mouse broncho-alveolar lavage samples. Conclusions This experimental animal model is based on the transient transduction of the bovine IL-8 promoter, a gene representing a major player during inflammation, essential for leukocytes recruitment to the inflamed tissue. It appears to be an appropriate molecular read-out for monitoring the activation of inflammatory pathways caused by bacterial virulence factors. The data presented indicate that the model is suitable to functionally monitor in real time the lung inflammatory response facilitating the identification of bacterial factors with pro-inflammatory activity and the evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of old and new molecules for therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Stellari
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A. Parma, Largo Belloli, 11/A, 43122, Parma, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Bergamini
- Dipartimento di Patologia e Diagnostica, Università di Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Angela Sandri
- Dipartimento di Patologia e Diagnostica, Università di Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Gaetano Donofrio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico Veterinarie, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | - Claudio Sorio
- Dipartimento di Patologia e Diagnostica, Università di Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Francesca Ruscitti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Biotecnologiche e Traslazionali, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | - Gino Villetti
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A. Parma, Largo Belloli, 11/A, 43122, Parma, Italy.
| | - Barouk M Assael
- Centro Regionale Fibrosi Cistica, AOUI Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Paola Melotti
- Centro Regionale Fibrosi Cistica, AOUI Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Maria M Lleo
- Dipartimento di Patologia e Diagnostica, Università di Verona, Verona, Italy.
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Zhu J, Cai X, Harris TL, Gooyit M, Wood M, Lardy M, Janda KD. Disarming Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence factor LasB by leveraging a Caenorhabditis elegans infection model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 22:483-491. [PMID: 25892201 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic resistance places a sense of urgency on the development of alternative antibacterial strategies, of which targeting virulence factors has been regarded as a "second generation" antibiotic approach. In the case of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections, a proteolytic virulence factor, LasB, is one such target. Unfortunately, we and others have not been successful in translating in vitro potency of LasB inhibitors to in vivo efficacy in an animal model. To overcome this obstacle, we now integrate in silico and in vitro identification of the mercaptoacetamide motif as an effective class of LasB inhibitors with full in vivo characterization of mercaptoacetamide prodrugs using Caenorhabditis elegans. We show that one of our mercaptoacetamide prodrugs has a good selectivity profile and high in vivo efficacy, and confirm that LasB is a promising target for the treatment of bacterial infections. In addition, our work highlights that the C. elegans infection model is a user-friendly and cost-effective translational tool for the development of anti-virulence compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhu
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Departments of Chemistry and Immunology and the Worm Institute for Research and Medicine (WIRM), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Cai
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Departments of Chemistry and Immunology and the Worm Institute for Research and Medicine (WIRM), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Tyler L Harris
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Departments of Chemistry and Immunology and the Worm Institute for Research and Medicine (WIRM), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Major Gooyit
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Departments of Chemistry and Immunology and the Worm Institute for Research and Medicine (WIRM), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Malcolm Wood
- The Core Microscopy Facility, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Matthew Lardy
- Computational Chemistry, Principia Biopharma, 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Kim D Janda
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Departments of Chemistry and Immunology and the Worm Institute for Research and Medicine (WIRM), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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10
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Kamath KS, Kumar SS, Kaur J, Venkatakrishnan V, Paulsen IT, Nevalainen H, Molloy MP. Proteomics of hosts and pathogens in cystic fibrosis. Proteomics Clin Appl 2015; 9:134-46. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201400122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sheemal Shanista Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences; Macquarie University; Sydney Australia
| | - Jashanpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences; Macquarie University; Sydney Australia
| | | | - Ian T. Paulsen
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences; Macquarie University; Sydney Australia
| | - Helena Nevalainen
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences; Macquarie University; Sydney Australia
| | - Mark P. Molloy
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences; Macquarie University; Sydney Australia
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility; Macquarie University; Sydney Australia
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11
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Rogers GB, van der Gast CJ, Serisier DJ. Predominant pathogen competition and core microbiota divergence in chronic airway infection. ISME JOURNAL 2014; 9:217-25. [PMID: 25036925 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2014.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Chronic bacterial lung infections associated with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis represent a substantial and growing health-care burden. Where Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the numerically dominant species within these infections, prognosis is significantly worse. However, in many individuals, Haemophilus influenzae predominates, a scenario associated with less severe disease. The mechanisms that determine which pathogen is most abundant are not known. We hypothesised that the distribution of H. influenzae and P. aeruginosa would be consistent with strong interspecific competition effects. Further, we hypothesised that where P. aeruginosa is predominant, it is associated with a distinct 'accessory microbiota' that reflects a significant interaction between this pathogen and the wider bacterial community. To test these hypotheses, we analysed 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing data generated previously from 60 adult bronchiectasis patients, whose airway microbiota was dominated by either P. aeruginosa or H. influenzae. The relative abundances of the two dominant species in their respective groups were not significantly different, and when present in the opposite pathogen group the two species were found to be in very low abundance, if at all. These findings are consistent with strong competition effects, moving towards competitive exclusion. Ordination analysis indicated that the distribution of the core microbiota associated with each pathogen, readjusted after removal of the dominant species, was significantly divergent (analysis of similarity (ANOSIM), R=0.07, P=0.019). Taken together, these findings suggest that both interspecific competition and also direct and/or indirect interactions between the predominant species and the wider bacterial community may contribute to the predominance of P. aeruginosa in a subset of bronchiectasis lung infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraint B Rogers
- 1] SAHMRI Infection and Immunity Theme, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia [2] Immunity, Infection, and Inflammation Program, Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - David J Serisier
- 1] Immunity, Infection, and Inflammation Program, Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia [2] Department of Respiratory Medicine, Mater Adult Hospital, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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12
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Proteomic analysis of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum leaf microsomal fractions finds an imbalance in V-ATPase stoichiometry during the salt-induced transition from C3 to CAM. Biochem J 2013; 450:407-15. [PMID: 23252380 DOI: 10.1042/bj20121087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum adapts to salt stress by salt uptake and switching from C3 photosynthesis to CAM (crassulacean acid metabolism). An important role in this process is played by transport proteins in the tonoplast of the central vacuole. In the present study we examine dynamic changes in the protein composition during salt-stress adaptation in microsomes from M. crystallinum leaves. Plants challenged with 400 mM NaCl accumulate salt by day 4 of treatment and malic acid only at day 12; a switching to CAM hence follows any initial steps of salt adaptation with a delay. Using a label-free and semiquantitative approach, we identified the most dramatic changes between the proteome of control plants and plants harvested after 12 days of the treatment; the abundance of 14 proteins was significantly affected. The proteomic data revealed that the majority of the subunits of V-ATPase (vacuolar H(+)-ATPase) holoenzyme. The salt treatment somewhat decreased the abundance of all subunits in the short term (4 days). Long-term adaptation, including the switching to CAM, goes together with a strong increase in the representation of all detectable subunits. Because this increase is subunit-specific, with the highest rise occurring for subunits E and c, the data suggest that long-term adaptation to salt stress correlates with a change in V-ATPase subunit stoichiometry and highlight the structural plasticity of this holoenzyme.
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Silvestre DD, Zoppis I, Brambilla F, Bellettato V, Mauri G, Mauri P. Availability of MudPIT data for classification of biological samples. J Clin Bioinforma 2013; 3:1. [PMID: 23317455 PMCID: PMC3563498 DOI: 10.1186/2043-9113-3-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mass spectrometry is an important analytical tool for clinical proteomics. Primarily employed for biomarker discovery, it is increasingly used for developing methods which may help to provide unambiguous diagnosis of biological samples. In this context, we investigated the classification of phenotypes by applying support vector machine (SVM) on experimental data obtained by MudPIT approach. In particular, we compared the performance capabilities of SVM by using two independent collection of complex samples and different data-types, such as mass spectra (m/z), peptides and proteins. Results Globally, protein and peptide data allowed a better discriminant informative content than experimental mass spectra (overall accuracy higher than 87% in both collection 1 and 2). These results indicate that sequencing of peptides and proteins reduces the experimental noise affecting the raw mass spectra, and allows the extraction of more informative features available for the effective classification of samples. In addition, proteins and peptides features selected by SVM matched for 80% with the differentially expressed proteins identified by the MAProMa software. Conclusions These findings confirm the availability of the most label-free quantitative methods based on processing of spectral count and SEQUEST-based SCORE values. On the other hand, it stresses the usefulness of MudPIT data for a correct grouping of sample phenotypes, by applying both supervised and unsupervised learning algorithms. This capacity permit the evaluation of actual samples and it is a good starting point to translate proteomic methodology to clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Di Silvestre
- , Institute for Biomedical Technologies (ITB-CNR), via F.lli Cervi 93, Segrate (Milan), Italy
| | - Italo Zoppis
- Department of Informatics, Systems and Communication, Viale Sarca 336, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Brambilla
- , Institute for Biomedical Technologies (ITB-CNR), via F.lli Cervi 93, Segrate (Milan), Italy
| | - Valeria Bellettato
- , Institute for Biomedical Technologies (ITB-CNR), via F.lli Cervi 93, Segrate (Milan), Italy
| | - Giancarlo Mauri
- Department of Informatics, Systems and Communication, Viale Sarca 336, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Mauri
- , Institute for Biomedical Technologies (ITB-CNR), via F.lli Cervi 93, Segrate (Milan), Italy
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Wang X, Brunetti P, Mauri PL. Processing of Mass Spectrometry Data in Clinical Applications. BIOINFORMATICS OF HUMAN PROTEOMICS 2012; 3. [PMCID: PMC7123949 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5811-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry-based proteomics has become the leading approach for analyzing complex biological samples at a large-scale level. Its importance for clinical applications is more and more increasing, thanks to the development of high-performing instruments which allow the discovery of disease-specific biomarkers and an automated and rapid protein profiling of the analyzed samples. In this scenario, the large-scale production of proteomic data has driven the development of specific bioinformatic tools to assist researchers during the discovery processes. Here, we discuss the main methods, algorithms, and procedures to identify and use biomarkers for clinical and research purposes. In particular, we have been focused on quantitative approaches, the identification of proteotypic peptides, and the classification of samples, using proteomic data. Finally, this chapter is concluded by reporting the integration of experimental data with network datasets, as valuable instrument for identifying alterations that underline the emergence of specific phenotypes. Based on our experience, we show some examples taking into consideration experimental data obtained by multidimensional protein identification technology (MudPIT) approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Wang
- , Medicine, Biomedical Research Center, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Shang Hai, China, People's Republic
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