1
|
Li C, Zhu R, Lai J, Tan J, Luo Y, Ye S. Conformational Order of Alkyl Side Chain of Poly(3-alkylthiophene) Promotes Hole-Extraction Ability in Perovskite/Poly(3-alkylthiophene) Heterojunction. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:11817-11823. [PMID: 34870995 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Molecular structures of hole transport materials (HTMs) have significant impact on the optoelectronic properties of perovskite/HTM heterojunction. But the structure-property relationship in the heterojunction remains poorly understood. By using poly(3-alkylthiophene) (P3AT) as the HTM model, here we apply sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy to establish correlations among conformations of P3ATs, the hole extraction ability of P3ATs from the perovskite layer, and the charge mobility of P3ATs. It is revealed that with similar energy-level alignment, the conformational order of alkyl side chains in regioregular P3ATs can effectively regulate the hole extraction ability of P3ATs from perovskite layer by tuning reorganization energy. By contrast, the charge mobility of P3ATs strongly depends on the P3AT backbone's coplanarity. Our findings decouple the roles of the long-hidden conformational order of alkyl side chain and the polythiophene backbone's coplanarity on the performance of perovskite/HTM heterojunction, offering useful guidelines for boosting the performance of optoelectronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanzhao Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Renlong Zhu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Jing Lai
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Junjun Tan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Shuji Ye
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pyrene-benzo[1,2,5]thiadiazole based conjugated polymers for application in BHJ solar cells. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
3
|
Jäger J, Schraff S, Pammer F. Synthesis, Properties, and Solar Cell Performance of Poly(4-(p
-alkoxystyryl)thiazole)s. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201700496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Jäger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials; University of Ulm; Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Sandra Schraff
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials; University of Ulm; Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Frank Pammer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials; University of Ulm; Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jeong HC, Lim SH, Sohn Y, Kim YI, Jang H, Cho DW, Mariano PS. Electronic and steric effects controlling efficiencies of photoaddition reactions of fullerene C60 with N-α-trimethylsilyl-N-alkyl-N-benzylamines. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.01.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
5
|
Xiao M, Joglekar S, Zhang X, Jasensky J, Ma J, Cui Q, Guo LJ, Chen Z. Effect of Interfacial Molecular Orientation on Power Conversion Efficiency of Perovskite Solar Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:3378-3386. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b10651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiaoxian Zhang
- CAS
Key laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chiou DY, Cao FY, Hsu JY, Tsai CE, Lai YY, Jeng US, Zhang J, Yan H, Su CJ, Cheng YJ. Synthesis and side-chain isomeric effect of 4,9-/5,10-dialkylated-β-angular-shaped naphthodithiophenes-based donor–acceptor copolymers for polymer solar cells and field-effect transistors. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00194k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
P4,9-βNDTDTFBT:PC71BM-based solar cell device achieves a high PCE of 7.23%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- De-Yang Chiou
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu
- 30010 Taiwan
| | - Fong-Yi Cao
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu
- 30010 Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Yang Hsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu
- 30010 Taiwan
| | - Che-En Tsai
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu
- 30010 Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ying Lai
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei
- 10617 Taiwan
| | - U-Ser Jeng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center
- Hsinchu 30076
- Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Tsing Hua University
| | - Jianquan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Energy Institute
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- Kowloon
- China
| | - He Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Energy Institute
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- Kowloon
- China
| | - Chun-Jen Su
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center
- Hsinchu 30076
- Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ju Cheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu
- 30010 Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhao NJ, Wang YW, Liu Q, Lin ZH, Liang R, Fu LM, Ai XC, Bo Z, Zhang JP. A femtosecond transient absorption study of charge photogeneration and recombination dynamics in photovoltaic polymers with different side-chain linkages. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:18390-18399. [PMID: 27766335 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr06865k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A pair of 9-arylidene-9H-fluorene and benzothiadiazole based, low-bandgap copolymers differing merely in the para or meta substitution of alkoxy groups to the arylidene linkages, i.e. p-PAFDTBT and m-PAFDTBT respectively, were comparatively investigated by using morphological characterization, ultrafast spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. Despite the subtle difference in the alkoxy substitution patterns, p-PAFDTBT molecules in photoactive films were shown to have a higher degree of crystallinity owing to the relatively less rotational torsion of the arylidene linkages. As a result, in either neat or fullerene-blended films, p-PAFDTBT compared to m-PAFDTBT gave rise to a substantially higher charge yield and much slower charge recombination. This work demonstrates that the alkoxy substitution pattern and the arylidene linkage are highly influencing on the morphology of the photoactive layers and thereby on the photovoltaic performance of the semiconducting copolymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Jiu Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu-Wei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qian Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zi-Hong Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ran Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li-Min Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xi-Cheng Ai
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhishan Bo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian-Ping Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Huo P, Xue LJ, Li YH, Chen T, Yu L, Zhu QY, Dai J. Effects of alkyl chain length on film morphologies and photocurrent responses of tetrathiafulvalene-bipyridinium charge-transfer salts: a study in terms of structures. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce02479j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
|
9
|
Kim JS, Kim JH, Lee W, Yu H, Kim HJ, Song I, Shin M, Oh JH, Jeong U, Kim TS, Kim BJ. Tuning Mechanical and Optoelectrical Properties of Poly(3-hexylthiophene) through Systematic Regioregularity Control. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hojeong Yu
- School
of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798, South Korea
| | | | | | - Minkwan Shin
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lee C, Kang H, Lee W, Kim T, Kim KH, Woo HY, Wang C, Kim BJ. High-performance all-polymer solar cells via side-chain engineering of the polymer acceptor: the importance of the polymer packing structure and the nanoscale blend morphology. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:2466-2471. [PMID: 25735644 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201405226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The effectiveness of side-chain engineering is demonstrated to produce highly efficient all-polymer solar cells (efficiency of 5.96%) using a series of naphthalene diimide-based polymer acceptors with controlled side chains. The dramatic changes in the polymer packing, blend morphology, and electron mobility of all-polymer solar cells elucidate clear trends in the photovoltaic performances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Molecular structure-device performance relationship in polymer solar cells based on indene-C60 bis-adduct derivatives. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-014-0220-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
12
|
Zhang M, Guo X, Ma W, Ade H, Hou J. A polythiophene derivative with superior properties for practical application in polymer solar cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:5880-5885. [PMID: 25044098 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201401494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A polythiophene derivative called PDCBT, which has a backbone of thiophene units and just carboxylate functional groups to modulate its properties, exhibits properties superior to those of poly(3-hexylthiophene), the classic polythiophene derivative, when used as an electron donor in polymer solar cells (PSCs). The best device, based on PDCBT/PC71BM (1:1), develops a good power conversion efficiency of 7.2%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maojie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer, Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhu X, Plunkett KN. Controlled Regioregularity in Oligo(2-methoxy-5-(2′-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylenes. J Org Chem 2014; 79:7093-102. [DOI: 10.1021/jo501266g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinju Zhu
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry and the Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| | - Kyle N. Plunkett
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry and the Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Marzano G, Ciasca CV, Babudri F, Bianchi G, Pellegrino A, Po R, Farinola GM. Organometallic Approaches to Conjugated Polymers for Plastic Solar Cells: From Laboratory Synthesis to Industrial Production. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
15
|
Lee W, Kim GH, Ko SJ, Yum S, Hwang S, Cho S, Shin YH, Kim JY, Woo HY. Semicrystalline D–A Copolymers with Different Chain Curvature for Applications in Polymer Optoelectronic Devices. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma402588m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wonho Lee
- Department
of Nanofusion Engineering, Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Hwan Kim
- Interdisciplinary
School of Green Energy, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), BanYeon-Ri
194, Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Jin Ko
- Interdisciplinary
School of Green Energy, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), BanYeon-Ri
194, Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjib Yum
- Department
of Nanofusion Engineering, Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungu Hwang
- Department
of Nanofusion Engineering, Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinuk Cho
- Department
of Physics and EHSRC, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Han Shin
- Department
of Physics and EHSRC, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Interdisciplinary
School of Green Energy, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), BanYeon-Ri
194, Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department
of Nanofusion Engineering, Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kim HJ, Paek K, Yang H, Cho CH, Kim JS, Lee W, Kim BJ. Molecular Design of “Graft” Assembly for Ordered Microphase Separation of P3HT-Based Rod–Coil Copolymers. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma401530q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong Jun Kim
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Kwanyeol Paek
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Hyunseung Yang
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Chul-Hee Cho
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Jin-Seong Kim
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Wonbo Lee
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Korea
| | - Bumjoon J. Kim
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lee W, Kim GH, Jeong E, Wang X, Yum S, Ko SJ, Hwang S, Kim JY, Woo HY. Dithieno[3,2-b
:2′,3′-d
]pyrrole and Benzothiadiazole-Based Semicrystalline Copolymer for Photovoltaic Devices with Indene-C60
Bisadduct. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201300303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wonho Lee
- Department of Nanofusion Technology, Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering (WCU); Pusan National University; Miryang 627-706 Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Hwan Kim
- Interdisciplinary School of Green Energy, KIER-UNIST Advanced Center for Energy; Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST); BanYeon-Ri 194 Ulsan 689-798 Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjae Jeong
- Department of Nanofusion Technology, Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering (WCU); Pusan National University; Miryang 627-706 Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Department of Nanofusion Technology, Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering (WCU); Pusan National University; Miryang 627-706 Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjib Yum
- Department of Nanofusion Technology, Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering (WCU); Pusan National University; Miryang 627-706 Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Jin Ko
- Interdisciplinary School of Green Energy, KIER-UNIST Advanced Center for Energy; Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST); BanYeon-Ri 194 Ulsan 689-798 Republic of Korea
| | - Sungu Hwang
- Department of Nanofusion Technology, Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering (WCU); Pusan National University; Miryang 627-706 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Interdisciplinary School of Green Energy, KIER-UNIST Advanced Center for Energy; Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST); BanYeon-Ri 194 Ulsan 689-798 Republic of Korea
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Nanofusion Technology, Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering (WCU); Pusan National University; Miryang 627-706 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
The Influence of Alkoxy Substitutions on the Properties of Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Phenyl Copolymers for Solar Cells. MATERIALS 2013; 6:3022-3034. [PMID: 28811420 PMCID: PMC5521293 DOI: 10.3390/ma6073022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A previously reported diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-phenyl copolymer is modified by adding methoxy or octyloxy side chains on the phenyl spacer. The influence of these alkoxy substitutions on the physical, opto-electronic properties, and photovoltaic performance were investigated. It was found that the altered physical properties correlated with an increase in chain flexibility. Well-defined oligomers were synthesized to verify the observed structure-property relationship. Surprisingly, methoxy substitution on the benzene spacer resulted in higher melting and crystallization temperatures in the synthesized oligomers. This trend is not observed in the polymers, where the improved interactions are most likely counteracted by the larger conformational possibilities in the polymer chain upon alkoxy substitution. The best photovoltaic performance was obtained for the parent polymer: fullerene blends whereas the modifications on the other two polymers result in reduced open-circuit voltage and varying current densities under similar processing conditions. The current densities could be related to different polymer: fullerene blend morphologies. These results show that supposed small structural alterations such as methoxy substitution already significantly altered the physical properties of the parent polymer and also that oligomers and polymers respond divergent to structural alterations made on a parent structure.
Collapse
|
19
|
Yu H, Cho HH, Cho CH, Kim KH, Kim DY, Kim BJ, Oh JH. Polarity and air-stability transitions in field-effect transistors based on fullerenes with different solubilizing groups. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:4865-4871. [PMID: 23676780 DOI: 10.1021/am400618r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A series of o-xylene and indene fullerene derivatives with varying frontier molecular orbital energy levels were utilized for assessing the impact of the number of solubilizing groups on the electrical performance of fullerene-based organic-field-effect transistors (OFETs). The charge-carrier polarity was found to be strongly dependent upon the energy levels of fullerene derivatives. The o-xylene C60 monoadduct (OXCMA) and indene C60 monoadduct (ICMA) exhibited unipolar n-channel behaviors with high electron mobilities, whereas the bis- and trisadducts of indene and o-xylene C60 derivatives showed ambipolar charge transport. The OXCMA OFETs fabricated by solution shearing and molecular n-type doping showed an electron mobility of up to 2.28 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1), which is one of the highest electron mobilities obtained from solution-processed fullerene thin-film devices. Our findings systematically demonstrate the relationship between the energy level and charge-carrier polarity and provide insight into molecular design and processing strategies toward high-performance fullerene-based OFETs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hojeong Yu
- School of Nano-Bioscience & Chemical Engineering, KIER-UNIST Advanced Center for Energy, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kang H, Kim KH, Kang TE, Cho CH, Park S, Yoon SC, Kim BJ. Effect of fullerene tris-adducts on the photovoltaic performance of P3HT:fullerene ternary blends. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:4401-4408. [PMID: 23574307 DOI: 10.1021/am400695e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Fullerene tris-adducts have the potential of achieving high open-circuit voltages (V(OC)) in bulk heterojunction (BHJ) polymer solar cells (PSCs), because their lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level is higher than those of fullerene mono- and bis-adducts. However, no successful examples of the use of fullerene tris-adducts as electron acceptors have been reported. Herein, we developed a ternary-blend approach for the use of fullerene tris-adducts to fully exploit the merit of their high LUMO level. The compound o-xylenyl C60 tris-adduct (OXCTA) was used as a ternary acceptor in the model system of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) as the electron donor and the two soluble fullerene acceptors of OXCTA and fullerene monoadduct (o-xylenyl C60 monoadduct (OXCMA), phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), or indene-C60 monoadduct (ICMA)). To explore the effect of OXCTA in ternary-blend PSC devices, the photovoltaic behavior of the device was investigated in terms of the weight fraction of OXCTA (W(OXCTA)). When W(OXCTA) is small (<0.3), OXCTA can generate a synergistic bridging effect between P3HT and the fullerene monoadduct, leading to simultaneous enhancement in both V(OC) and short-circuit current (J(SC)). For example, the ternary PSC devices of P3HT:(OXCMA:OXCTA) with W(OXCTA) of 0.1 and 0.3 exhibited power-conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 3.91% and 3.96%, respectively, which were significantly higher than the 3.61% provided by the P3HT:OXCMA device. Interestingly, for W(OXCTA) > 0.7, both V(OC) and PCE of the ternary-blend PSCs exhibited nonlinear compositional dependence on W(OXCTA). We noted that the nonlinear compositional trend of P3HT:(OXCMA:OXCTA) was significantly different from that of P3HT:(OXCMA:o-xylenyl C60 bis-adduct (OXCBA)) ternary-blend PSC devices. The fundamental reasons for the differences between the photovoltaic trends of the two different ternary-blend systems were investigated systemically by comparing their optical, electrical, and morphological properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunbum Kang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kang DJ, Kang H, Cho C, Kim KH, Jeong S, Lee JY, Kim BJ. Efficient light trapping in inverted polymer solar cells by a randomly nanostructured electrode using monodispersed polymer nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:1858-1863. [PMID: 23338854 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr33160h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The randomly nanotextured back electrode provides a simple and efficient route for enhancing photocurrent in polymer solar cells (PSCs) by light trapping, which can increase light absorption within a finite thickness of the active layer. In this study, we incorporated mono-disperse 60 nm polystyrene nanoparticles (PS NPs) into a 50 nm thick poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) anode buffer layer (ABL) to create a randomly nanotextured back electrode with 10 nm height variations in inverted-type PSCs. The roughened interface between the PS NP-PEDOT:PSS ABL and the Ag electrode scatters light in the visible range, leading to efficient light trapping within the device and enhanced light absorption in the active layer. Inverted PSCs with randomly nanotextured electrodes (φ(NP) = 0.31) showed short-circuit current density (J(SC)) and power conversion efficiency (PCE) values that were 15% higher than those of control devices with flat electrodes. External quantum efficiency, reflectance, and optical light scattering as a function of ϕ(NP) were examined to determine the origin of the enhancement in J(SC) and PCE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Jin Kang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kang TE, Cho HH, Cho CH, Kim KH, Kang H, Lee M, Lee S, Kim B, Im C, Kim BJ. Photoinduced charge transfer in donor-acceptor (DA) copolymer: fullerene bis-adduct polymer solar cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:861-868. [PMID: 23289501 DOI: 10.1021/am302479u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Polymer solar cells (PSCs) consisting of fullerene bis-adduct and poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) blends have shown higher efficiencies than P3HT:phenyl C(61)-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) devices, because of the high-lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level of the fullerene bis-adducts. In contrast, the use of fullerene bis-adducts in donor-acceptor (DA) copolymer systems typically causes a decrease in the device's performance due to the decreased short-circuit current (J(SC)) and the fill factor (FF). However, the reason for such poor performance in DA copolymer:fullerene bis-adduct blends is not fully understood. In this work, bulk-heterojunction (BHJ)-type PSCs composed of three different electron donors with four different electron acceptors were chosen and compared. The three electron donors were (1) poly[(4,8-bis-(2-ethylhexyloxy)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene)-2,6-diyl-alt-(5-octylthieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione)-1,3-diyl] (PBDTTPD), (2) poly[(4,8-bis-(2-ethylhexyloxy)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene)-2,6-diyl-alt-(4-(2-ethylhexanoyl)-thieno[3,4-b]thiophene)-2,6-diyl] (PBDTTT-C), and (3) P3HT polymers. The four electron acceptors were (1) PCBM, (2) indene-C(60) monoadduct (ICMA), (3) indene-C(60) bis-adduct (ICBA), and (4) indene-C(60) tris-adduct (ICTA). To understand the difference in the performance of BHJ-type PSCs for the three different polymers in terms of the choice of fullerene acceptor, the structural, optical, and electrical properties of the blends were measured by the external quantum efficiency (EQE), photoluminescence, grazing incidence X-ray scattering, and transient absorption spectroscopy. We observed that while the molecular packing and optical properties cannot be the main reasons for the dramatic decrease in the PCE of the DA copolymers and ICBA, the value of the driving force for charge transfer (ΔG(CT)) is a key parameter for determining the change in J(SC) and device efficiency in the DA copolymer- and P3HT-based PSCs in terms of fullerene acceptor. The low EQE and J(SC) in PBDTTPD and PBDTTT-C blended with ICBA and ICTA were attributed to an insufficient ΔG(CT) due to the higher LUMO levels of the fullerene multiadducts. Quantitative information on the efficiency of the charge transfer was obtained by comparing the polaron yield, lifetime, and exciton dissociation probability in the DA copolymer:fullerene acceptor films.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tae Eui Kang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Cho HH, Kang TE, Kim KH, Kang H, Kim HJ, Kim BJ. Effect of Incorporated Nitrogens on the Planarity and Photovoltaic Performance of Donor–Acceptor Copolymers. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma301362t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Han-Hee Cho
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon
305-701, Korea
| | - Tae Eui Kang
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon
305-701, Korea
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon
305-701, Korea
| | - Hyunbum Kang
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon
305-701, Korea
| | - Hyeong Jun Kim
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon
305-701, Korea
| | - Bumjoon J. Kim
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon
305-701, Korea
| |
Collapse
|