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Costa M, Hammarström B, van der Geer L, Tanriverdi S, Joensson HN, Wiklund M, Russom A. EchoGrid: High-Throughput Acoustic Trapping for Enrichment of Environmental Microplastics. Anal Chem 2024; 96:9493-9502. [PMID: 38790145 PMCID: PMC11170556 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The health hazards of micro- and nanoplastic contaminants in drinking water has recently emerged as an area of concern to policy makers and industry. Plastic contaminants range in size from micro- (5 mm to 1 μm) to nanoplastics (<1 μm). Microfluidics provides many tools for particle manipulation at the microscale, particularly in diagnostics and biomedicine, but has in general a limited capacity to process large volumes. Drinking water and environmental samples with low-level contamination of microplastics require processing of deciliter to liter sample volumes to achieve statistically relevant particle counts. Here, we introduce the EchoGrid, an acoustofluidics device for high throughput continuous flow particle enrichment into a robust array of particle clusters. The EchoGrid takes advantage of highly efficient particle capture through the integration of a micropatterned transducer for surface displacement-based acoustic trapping in a glass and polymer microchannel. Silica seed particles were used as anchor particles to improve capture performance at low particle concentrations and high flow rates. The device was able to maintain the silica grids at a flow rate of 50 mL/min. In terms of enrichment, the device is able to double the final pellet's microplastic concentration every 78 s for 23 μm particles and every 51 s for 10 μm particles at a flow rate of 5 mL/min. In conclusion, we demonstrate the usefulness of the EchoGrid by capturing microplastics in challenging conditions, such as large sample volumes with low microparticle concentrations, without sacrificing the potential of integration with downstream analysis for environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martim Costa
- KTH
Royal Institute of Technology, Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, Science
for Life Laboratory, 171
65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Björn Hammarström
- KTH
Royal Institute of Technology, Department
of Applied Physics, Science for Life Laboratory, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Liselotte van der Geer
- KTH
Royal Institute of Technology, Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, Science
for Life Laboratory, 171
65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Selim Tanriverdi
- KTH
Royal Institute of Technology, Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, Science
for Life Laboratory, 171
65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Haakan N. Joensson
- KTH
Royal Institute of Technology, Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, Science
for Life Laboratory, 171
65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Martin Wiklund
- KTH
Royal Institute of Technology, Department
of Applied Physics, Science for Life Laboratory, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Aman Russom
- KTH
Royal Institute of Technology, Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, Science
for Life Laboratory, 171
65 Solna, Sweden
- AIMES
− Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering
Sciences at Karolinska Institutet and KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
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2
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Kolesnik K, Rajagopal V, Collins DJ. Optimizing coupling layer and superstrate thickness in attachable acoustofluidic devices. ULTRASONICS 2024; 137:107202. [PMID: 37979521 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2023.107202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Superstrate-based acoustofluidic devices, where the fluidic elements are reversibly coupled to a transducer rather than bonded to it, offer advantages for cost, interchangeability and preventing contamination between samples. A variety of coupling materials can be used to transmit acoustic energies into attachable superstrates, though the dimensions and material composition of the system elements are not typically optimized. This work analyzes these coupling layers for bulk wavefront transmission, including water, ultrasound gel and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), as well as the material makeup and thickness of the superstrate component, which is commonly comprised of glass, quartz or silicon. Our results highlight the importance of coupling layer and superstrate dimensions, identifying frequencies and component thicknesses that maximize transmission efficiency. Our results indicate that superstrate thicknesses 0.55 times the acoustic wavelength result in maximal acoustic coupling. While various coupling layers and superstrate materials are capable of similar acoustic energy transmission, the inherent dimensional stability of the PDMS coupling layers, somewhat less common in superstrate work compared to liquid-based agents, presents advantages for practically maximizing acoustic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Kolesnik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Vijay Rajagopal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - David J Collins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; The Graeme Clark Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
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3
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Vachon P, Merugu S, Sharma J, Lal A, Ng EJ, Koh Y, Lee JEY, Lee C. Microfabricated acoustofluidic membrane acoustic waveguide actuator for highly localized in-droplet dynamic particle manipulation. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:1865-1878. [PMID: 36852544 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc01192a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Precision manipulation techniques in microfluidics often rely on ultrasonic actuators to generate displacement and pressure fields in a liquid. However, strategies to enhance and confine the acoustofluidic forces often work against miniaturization and reproducibility in fabrication. This study presents microfabricated piezoelectric thin film membranes made via silicon diffusion for guided flexural wave generation as promising acoustofluidic actuators with low frequency, voltage, and power requirements. The guided wave propagation can be dynamically controlled to tune and confine the induced acoustofluidic radiation force and streaming. This provides for highly localized dynamic particle manipulation functionalities such as multidirectional transport, patterning, and trapping. The device combines the advantages of microfabrication and advanced acoustofluidic capabilities into a miniature "drop-and-actuate" chip that is mechanically robust and features a high degree of reproducibility for large-scale production. The membrane acoustic waveguide actuators offer a promising pathway for acoustofluidic applications such as biosensing, organoid production, and in situ analyte transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Vachon
- Institute of Microelectronics, A*STAR, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | | | | | - Amit Lal
- Institute of Microelectronics, A*STAR, Singapore
- SonicMEMS Laboratory, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA
| | - Eldwin J Ng
- Institute of Microelectronics, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Yul Koh
- Institute of Microelectronics, A*STAR, Singapore
| | | | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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4
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Hoque SZ, Sen AK. Ultrasound resonance in coflowing immiscible liquids in a microchannel. Phys Rev E 2023; 107:035104. [PMID: 37073059 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.107.035104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
We study ultrasonic resonance in a coflow system comprising a pair of immiscible liquids in a microchannel exposed to bulk acoustic waves. We show using an analytical model that there are two resonating frequencies corresponding to each of the coflowing liquids, which depend on the speed of sound and stream width of the liquid. We perform a frequency domain analysis using numerical simulations to reveal that resonance can be achieved by actuating both liquids at a single resonating frequency that depends on the speeds of sound, densities, and widths of the liquids. In a coflow system with equal speeds of sound and densities of the pair of fluids, the resonating frequency is found to be independent of the relative width of the two streams. In coflow systems with unequal speeds of sound or densities, even with matching characteristic acoustic impedances, the resonating frequency depends on the stream width ratio, and the value increases with an increase in the stream width of the liquid with a higher speed of sound. We show that a pressure nodal plane can be realized at the channel center by operating at a half-wave resonating frequency when the speeds of sound and densities are equal. However, the pressure nodal plane is found to shift away from the center of the microchannel when the speeds of sound and densities of the two liquids are unequal. The results of the model and simulations are verified experimentally via acoustic focusing of microparticles suggesting the formation of a pressure nodal plane and hence a resonance condition. Our study will find relevance in acoustomicrofluidics involving immiscible coflow systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Z Hoque
- Fluid Systems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A K Sen
- Fluid Systems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
- Micro Nano Bio-Fluidics Group, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
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5
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Wu Z, Pan M, Wang J, Wen B, Lu L, Ren H. Acoustofluidics for cell patterning and tissue engineering. ENGINEERED REGENERATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.engreg.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
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6
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Hawkes JJ, Maramizonouz S, Jia C, Rahmati M, Zheng T, McDonnell MB, Fu YQ. Node formation mechanisms in acoustofluidic capillary bridges. ULTRASONICS 2022; 121:106690. [PMID: 35091124 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2022.106690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Using acoustofluidic channels formed by capillary bridges two models are developed to describe nodes formed by leaky and by evanescent waves. The liquid channel held between a microscope slide (waveguide) and a strip of polystyrene film (fluid guide) avoids solid-sidewall interactions. With this simplification, our experimental and numerical study showed that waves emitted from a single plane surface, interfere and form the nodes without any resonance in the fluid. Both models pay particular attention to tensor elements normal to the solid-liquid interfaces they find that; initially nodes form in the solid and the node pattern is replicated by waves emitted into the fluid from antinodes in the stress. At fluids depths near half an acoustic wavelength, most nodes are formed by leaky waves. In the glass, water-loading reduces node-node separation and forms an overlay type waveguide which aligns the nodes predominantly along the channel. One new practical insight is that node separation can be controlled by water depth. At 0.2 mm water depths (which are smaller than a ¼ wavelength) nodes form from evanescent waves. Here a suspension of yeast cells formed a pattern of small dot-like clumps of cells on the surface of the polystyrene film. We found the same pattern in sound intensity normal, and close, to the water-polystyrene interface. The capillary bridge channel developed for this study is simple, low-cost, and could be developed for filtration, separation, or patterning of biological species in rapid immuno-sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy J Hawkes
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK.
| | - Sadaf Maramizonouz
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Changfeng Jia
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an 710048, PR China
| | - Mohammad Rahmati
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Tengfei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an 710048, PR China
| | - Martin B McDonnell
- School of Engineering and Technology, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
| | - Yong-Qing Fu
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK.
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7
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Novotny J, Lenshof A, Laurell T. Acoustofluidic platforms for particle manipulation. Electrophoresis 2021; 43:804-818. [PMID: 34719049 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in acoustics for microfluidic applications. This field, commonly known as acoustofluidics involves the interaction of ultrasonic standing waves with fluids and dispersed microparticles. The combination of microfluidics and the so-called acoustic standing waves (ASWs) led to the development of integrated systems for contact-less on-chip cell and particle manipulation where it is possible to move and spatially localize these particles based on the different acoustophysical properties. While it was initially suggested that the acoustic forces could be harmful to the cells and could impact cell viability, proliferation, or function via phenotypic or even genotypic changes, further studies disproved such claims. This review is summarizing some interesting applications of acoustofluidics in the manipulations of biomaterials, such as cells or subcellular vesicles, in works published mainly within the last 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Novotny
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Andreas Lenshof
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Thomas Laurell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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8
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Liu G, Lei J, Cheng F, Li K, Ji X, Huang Z, Guo Z. Ultrasonic Particle Manipulation in Glass Capillaries: A Concise Review. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:876. [PMID: 34442498 PMCID: PMC8398087 DOI: 10.3390/mi12080876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasonic particle manipulation (UPM), a non-contact and label-free method that uses ultrasonic waves to manipulate micro- or nano-scale particles, has recently gained significant attention in the microfluidics community. Moreover, glass is optically transparent and has dimensional stability, distinct acoustic impedance to water and a high acoustic quality factor, making it an excellent material for constructing chambers for ultrasonic resonators. Over the past several decades, glass capillaries are increasingly designed for a variety of UPMs, e.g., patterning, focusing, trapping and transporting of micron or submicron particles. Herein, we review established and emerging glass capillary-transducer devices, describing their underlying mechanisms of operation, with special emphasis on the application of glass capillaries with fluid channels of various cross-sections (i.e., rectangular, square and circular) on UPM. We believe that this review will provide a superior guidance for the design of glass capillary-based UPM devices for acoustic tweezers-based research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guotian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (G.L.); (F.C.); (K.L.); (X.J.); (Z.H.); (Z.G.)
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Non-Traditional Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Junjun Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (G.L.); (F.C.); (K.L.); (X.J.); (Z.H.); (Z.G.)
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Non-Traditional Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Feng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (G.L.); (F.C.); (K.L.); (X.J.); (Z.H.); (Z.G.)
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Non-Traditional Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Kemin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (G.L.); (F.C.); (K.L.); (X.J.); (Z.H.); (Z.G.)
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Non-Traditional Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xuanrong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (G.L.); (F.C.); (K.L.); (X.J.); (Z.H.); (Z.G.)
| | - Zhigang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (G.L.); (F.C.); (K.L.); (X.J.); (Z.H.); (Z.G.)
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Non-Traditional Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhongning Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (G.L.); (F.C.); (K.L.); (X.J.); (Z.H.); (Z.G.)
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Non-Traditional Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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9
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Zhou Q, Li M, Fu C, Ren X, Xu Z, Liu X. Precise micro-particle and bubble manipulation by tunable ultrasonic bottle beams. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 75:105602. [PMID: 34052721 PMCID: PMC8176366 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports a method to generate tunable bottle beams using an ultrasonic lens, by which the bottle position can be precisely adjusted with the change of the acoustic frequency. Therefore, the position of a single particle or bubble in liquid can be manipulated without using phased array which is costly and huge with complex circuits. Furthermore, we introduced this method to multiple bubble manipulation using acoustic holography. The bottle properties against frequency are theoretically and experimentally analyzed. It is shown that the bottle position depends almost linearly on the operating frequency, which provides a basis for the precise manipulation of bubbles and particles. In addition, the relationship between the acoustic radiation force and the drag force under different incident acoustic pressures is considered, establishing a limit on the moving velocity of the trapped particles. The ultrasonic field observation is further demonstrated by Schlieren imaging system. The proposed method has potential biomedical applications, such as more flexible cell manipulation and targeted drug delivery in vivo, as well as potential applications in the study of chemical reactions between micro objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinxin Zhou
- Institute of Acoustics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Meiying Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Putuo Hospital, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Chiyuan Fu
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xuemei Ren
- Institute of Acoustics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Institute of Acoustics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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10
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Plazonic F, Fisher A, Carugo D, Hill M, Glynne-Jones P. Acoustofluidic device for acoustic capture of Bacillus anthracis spore analogues at low concentration. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 149:4228. [PMID: 34241474 DOI: 10.1121/10.0005278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A portable device for the rapid concentration of Bacillus subtilis var niger spores, also known as Bacillus globigii (BG), using a thin-reflector acoustofluidic configuration is described. BG spores form an important laboratory analog for the Bacillus anthracis spores, a serious health and bioterrorism risk. Existing systems for spore detection have limitations on detection time and detection that will benefit from the combination with this technology. Thin-reflector acoustofluidic devices can be cheaply and robustly manufactured and provide a more reliable acoustic force than previously explored quarter-wave resonator systems. The system uses the acoustic forces to drive spores carried in sample flows of 30 ml/h toward an antibody functionalized surface, which captures and immobilizes them. In this implementation, spores were fluorescently labeled and imaged. Detection at concentrations of 100 CFU/ml were demonstrated in an assay time of 10 min with 60% capture. We envisage future systems to incorporate more advanced detection of the concentrated spores, leading to rapid, sensitive detection in the presence of significant noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Plazonic
- Mechatronics, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Fisher
- Mechatronics, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Dario Carugo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London (UCL), London, WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Martyn Hill
- Mechatronics, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Glynne-Jones
- Mechatronics, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
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11
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Bodé WN, Bruus H. Numerical study of the coupling layer between transducer and chip in acoustofluidic devices. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 149:3096. [PMID: 34241126 DOI: 10.1121/10.0004871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
By numerical simulation in two and three dimensions, the coupling layer between the transducer and microfluidic chip in ultrasound acoustofluidic devices is studied. The model includes the transducer with electrodes, microfluidic chip with a liquid-filled microchannel, and coupling layer between the transducer and chip. Two commonly used coupling materials, solid epoxy glue and viscous glycerol, as well as two commonly used device types, glass capillary tubes and silicon-glass chips, are considered. It is studied how acoustic resonances in ideal devices without a coupling layer are either sustained or attenuated as a coupling layer of increasing thickness is inserted. A simple criterion based on the phase of the acoustic wave for whether a given zero-layer resonance is sustained or attenuated by the addition of a coupling layer is established. Finally, by controlling the thickness and the material, it is shown that the coupling layer can be used as a design component for optimal and robust acoustofluidic resonances.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Naundrup Bodé
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Danmarks Tekniske Universitet Physics Building 309, Kongens Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Henrik Bruus
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Danmarks Tekniske Universitet Physics Building 309, Kongens Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
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12
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Hammarström B, Skov NR, Olofsson K, Bruus H, Wiklund M. Acoustic trapping based on surface displacement of resonance modes. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 149:1445. [PMID: 33765798 DOI: 10.1121/10.0003600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic trapping is a promising technique for aligning particles in two-dimensional arrays, as well as for dynamic manipulation of particles individually or in groups. The actuating principles used in current systems rely on either cavity modes in enclosures or complex arrangements for phase control. Therefore, available systems either require high power inputs and costly peripheral equipment or sacrifice flexibility. This work presents a different concept for acoustic trapping of particles and cells that enables dynamically defined trapping patterns inside a simple and inexpensive setup. Here, dynamic operation and dexterous trapping are realized through the use of a modified piezoelectric transducer in direct contact with the liquid sample. Physical modeling shows how the transducer induces an acoustic force potential where the conventional trapping in the axial direction is supplemented by surface displacement dependent lateral trapping. The lateral field is a horizontal array of pronounced potential minima with frequency-dependent locations. The resulting system enables dynamic arraying of levitated trapping sites at low power and can be manufactured at ultra-low cost, operated using low-cost electronics, and assembled in less than 5 min. We demonstrate dynamic patterning of particles and biological cells and exemplify potential uses of the technique for cell-based sample preparation and cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Hammarström
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Roslagstullsbacken 21, SE-114 21 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nils R Skov
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DTU Physics Building 309, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Karl Olofsson
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Roslagstullsbacken 21, SE-114 21 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Bruus
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DTU Physics Building 309, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Martin Wiklund
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Roslagstullsbacken 21, SE-114 21 Stockholm, Sweden
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13
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Aghakhani A, Cetin H, Erkoc P, Tombak GI, Sitti M. Flexural wave-based soft attractor walls for trapping microparticles and cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:582-596. [PMID: 33355319 PMCID: PMC7612665 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00865f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic manipulation of microparticles and cells, called acoustophoresis, inside microfluidic systems has significant potential in biomedical applications. In particular, using acoustic radiation force to push microscopic objects toward the wall surfaces has an important role in enhancing immunoassays, particle sensors, and recently microrobotics. In this paper, we report a flexural-wave based acoustofluidic system for trapping micron-sized particles and cells at the soft wall boundaries. By exciting a standard microscope glass slide (1 mm thick) at its resonance frequencies <200 kHz, we show the wall-trapping action in sub-millimeter-size rectangular and circular cross-sectional channels. For such low-frequency excitation, the acoustic wavelength can range from 10-150 times the microchannel width, enabling a wide design space for choosing the channel width and position on the substrate. Using the system-level acousto-structural simulations, we confirm the acoustophoretic motion of particles near the walls, which is governed by the competing acoustic radiation and streaming forces. Finally, we investigate the performance of the wall-trapping acoustofluidic setup in attracting the motile cells, such as Chlamydomonas reinhardtii microalgae, toward the soft boundaries. Furthermore, the rotation of microalgae at the sidewalls and trap-escape events under pulsed ultrasound are demonstrated. The flexural-wave driven acoustofluidic system described here provides a biocompatible, versatile, and label-free approach to attract particles and cells toward the soft walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirreza Aghakhani
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Hakan Cetin
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany. and Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Özyeğin University, 34794 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pelin Erkoc
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany. and Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bahcesehir University, 34353 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Guney Isik Tombak
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany. and Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Boğaziçi University, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Metin Sitti
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany. and Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland and School of Medicine and School of Engineering, Koç University, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
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14
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Mejía Morales J, Hammarström B, Lippi GL, Vassalli M, Glynne-Jones P. Acoustofluidic phase microscopy in a tilted segmentation-free configuration. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2021; 15:014102. [PMID: 33456640 PMCID: PMC7787693 DOI: 10.1063/5.0036585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A low-cost device for registration-free quantitative phase microscopy (QPM) based on the transport of intensity equation of cells in continuous flow is presented. The method uses acoustic focusing to align cells into a single plane where all cells move at a constant speed. The acoustic focusing plane is tilted with respect to the microscope's focal plane in order to obtain cell images at multiple focal positions. As the cells are displaced at constant speed, phase maps can be generated without the need to segment and register individual objects. The proposed inclined geometry allows for the acquisition of a vertical stack without the need for any moving part, and it enables a cost-effective and robust implementation of QPM. The suitability of the solution for biological imaging is tested on blood samples, demonstrating the ability to recover the phase map of single red blood cells flowing through the microchip.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gian Luca Lippi
- Institut de Physique de Nice, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Massimo Vassalli
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, G12 8LT Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Glynne-Jones
- Engineering Sciences, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ Southampton, United Kingdom
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15
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16
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Gu Y, Chen C, Rufo J, Shen C, Wang Z, Huang PH, Fu H, Zhang P, Cummer SA, Tian Z, Huang TJ. Acoustofluidic Holography for Micro- to Nanoscale Particle Manipulation. ACS NANO 2020; 14:14635-14645. [PMID: 32574491 PMCID: PMC7688555 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c03754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic-based techniques can manipulate particles in a label-free, contact-free, and biocompatible manner. However, most previous work in acoustic manipulation has been constrained by axisymmetric patterns of pressure nodes and antinodes. Acoustic holography is an emerging technique that offers the potential to generate arbitrary pressure distributions which can be applied to particle manipulation with higher degrees of freedom. However, since current acoustic holography techniques rely on acoustic radiation forces, which decrease dramatically when the target particle size decreases, they have difficulty manipulating particles in the micro/nanoscale. Here, we introduce a holography technique that leverages both an arbitrary acoustic field and controllable fluid motion to offer an effective approach for manipulating micro/nano particles. Our approach, termed acoustofluidic holography (AFH), can manipulate a variety of materials, including cells, polymers, and metals, across sizes ranging from hundreds of micrometers to tens of nanometers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Gu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, United States
| | - Chuyi Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, United States
| | - Joseph Rufo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, United States
| | - Chen Shen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, United States
| | - Po-Hsun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, United States
| | - Hai Fu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, United States
| | - Peiran Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, United States
| | - Steven A Cummer
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Zhenhua Tian
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, United States
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17
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Pereno V, Lei J, Carugo D, Stride E. Microstreaming inside Model Cells Induced by Ultrasound and Microbubbles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:6388-6398. [PMID: 32407094 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Studies on the bioeffects produced by ultrasound and microbubbles have focused primarily on transport in bulk tissue, drug uptake by individual cells, and disruption of biological membranes. Relatively little is known about the physical perturbations and fluid dynamics of the intracellular environment during ultrasound exposure. To investigate this, a custom acoustofluidic chamber was designed to expose model cells, in the form of giant unilamellar vesicles, to ultrasound and microbubbles. The motion of fluorescent tracer beads within the lumen of the vesicles was tracked during exposure to laminar flow (∼1 mm s-1), ultrasound (1 MHz, ∼150 kPa, 60 s), and phospholipid-coated microbubbles, alone and in combination. To decouple the effects of fluid flow and ultrasound exposure, the system was also modeled numerically by using boundary-driven streaming field equations. Both the experimental and numerical results indicate that all conditions produced internal streaming within the vesicles. Ultrasound alone produced an average bead velocity of 6.5 ± 1.3 μm/s, which increased to 8.5 ± 3.8 μm/s in the presence of microbubbles compared to 12 ± 0.12 μm/s under laminar flow. Further research on intracellular forces in mammalian cells and the associated biological effects in vitro and in vivo are required to fully determine the implications for safety and/or therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Pereno
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K
| | - Junjun Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dario Carugo
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences and Institute for Life Sciences, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Eleanor Stride
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K
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18
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Effect of acoustic standing waves on cellular viability and metabolic activity. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8493. [PMID: 32444830 PMCID: PMC7244593 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65241-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Acoustic standing wave devices offer excellent potential applications in biological sciences for drug delivery, cell manipulation and tissue engineering. However, concerns have been raised about possible destructive effects on cells due to the applied acoustic field, in addition to other produced secondary factors. Here, we report a systematic study employing a 1D resonant acoustic trapping device to evaluate the cell viability and cell metabolism for a healthy cell line (Human Dermal Fibroblasts, HDF) and a cervical cancer cell line (HeLa), as a function of time and voltages applied (4-10 Vpp) under temperature-controlled conditions. We demonstrate that high cell viability can be achieved reliably when the device is operated at its minimum trapping voltage and tuned carefully to maximise the acoustic standing wave field at the cavity resonance. We found that cell viability and reductive metabolism for both cell lines are kept close to control levels at room temperature and at 34 °C after 15 minutes of acoustic exposure, while shorter acoustic exposures and small changes on temperature and voltages, had detrimental effects on cells. Our study highlights the importance of developing robust acoustic protocols where the operating mode of the acoustic device is well defined, characterized and its temperature carefully controlled, for the application of acoustic standing waves when using live cells and for potential clinical applications.
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19
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Zhu Q, Xu T, Song Y, Luo Y, Xu L, Zhang X. Integrating modification and detection in acoustic microchip for in-situ analysis. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 158:112185. [PMID: 32275208 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasound as a biocompatible and powerful approach has been advanced in biotechnology. Here we present an acoustic microchip integrating modification and detection for in-situ analysis. Such microchip employs two pairs of piezoelectric transducers (PZTs) for acoustic field generation and a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microcavity on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate for producing microparticle array. The applying of acoustic field results in rapidly forming microparticle array by adjusting the inputting frequency and voltage. In-situ modification and detection are accelerated due to the dynamic ultrasonic streaming around the ultrasound induced microparticle array. Such array also benefits from reducing the detection errors by coupling of multiple points. With this strategy, biomarkers (e.g. miRNA) can be enriched, and achieve in-situ modification and detection via simple two steps with excellent specificity. After the detection, samples are regained from the output channel by releasing the acoustic field, which is benefit for further analysis. Such integrated modification and detection acoustic microchip shows great potential in visual in-situ analysis and enriching ultratrace biomarkers for clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglin Zhu
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Tailin Xu
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
| | - Yongchao Song
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Yong Luo
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Liping Xu
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
| | - Xueji Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, PR China
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20
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Viefhues M. Analytics in Microfluidic Systems. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 179:191-209. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2020_131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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21
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Engineering multi-layered tissue constructs using acoustic levitation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9789. [PMID: 31278312 PMCID: PMC6611909 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46201-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Engineering tissue structures that mimic those found in vivo remains a challenge for modern biology. We demonstrate a new technique for engineering composite structures of cells comprising layers of heterogeneous cell types. An acoustofluidic bioreactor is used to assemble epithelial cells into a sheet-like structure. On transferring these cell sheets to a confluent layer of fibroblasts, the epithelial cells cover the fibroblast surface by collective migration maintaining distinct epithelial and fibroblast cell layers. The collective behaviour of the epithelium is dependent on the formation of cell-cell junctions during levitation and contrasts with the behaviour of mono-dispersed epithelial cells where cell-matrix interactions dominate and hinder formation of discrete cell layers. The multilayered tissue model is shown to form a polarised epithelial barrier and respond to apical challenge. The method is useful for engineering a wide range of layered tissue types and mechanistic studies on collective cell migration.
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22
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Wu M, Ozcelik A, Rufo J, Wang Z, Fang R, Jun Huang T. Acoustofluidic separation of cells and particles. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2019; 5:32. [PMID: 31231539 PMCID: PMC6545324 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-019-0064-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Acoustofluidics, the integration of acoustics and microfluidics, is a rapidly growing research field that is addressing challenges in biology, medicine, chemistry, engineering, and physics. In particular, acoustofluidic separation of biological targets from complex fluids has proven to be a powerful tool due to the label-free, biocompatible, and contact-free nature of the technology. By carefully designing and tuning the applied acoustic field, cells and other bioparticles can be isolated with high yield, purity, and biocompatibility. Recent advances in acoustofluidics, such as the development of automated, point-of-care devices for isolating sub-micron bioparticles, address many of the limitations of conventional separation tools. More importantly, advances in the research lab are quickly being adopted to solve clinical problems. In this review article, we discuss working principles of acoustofluidic separation, compare different approaches of acoustofluidic separation, and provide a synopsis of how it is being applied in both traditional applications, such as blood component separation, cell washing, and fluorescence activated cell sorting, as well as emerging applications, including circulating tumor cell and exosome isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxi Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Adem Ozcelik
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, 09010 Aydin, Turkey
| | - Joseph Rufo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Rui Fang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
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23
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Shaglwf Z, Hammarström B, Shona Laila D, Hill M, Glynne-Jones P. Acoustofluidic particle steering. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2019; 145:945. [PMID: 30823821 DOI: 10.1121/1.5090499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Steering micro-objects using acoustic radiation forces is challenging for several reasons: resonators tend to create fixed force distributions that depend primarily on device geometry, and even when using switching schemes, the forces are hard to predict a priori. In this paper an active approach is developed that measures forces from a range of acoustic resonances during manipulation using a computer controlled feedback loop based in matlab, with a microscope camera for particle imaging. The arrangement uses a planar resonator where the axial radiation force is used to hold particles within a levitation plane. Manipulation is achieved by summing the levitation frequency with an algorithmically chosen second resonance frequency, which creates lateral forces derived from gradients in the kinetic energy density of the acoustic field. Apart from identifying likely resonances, the system does not require a priori knowledge of the structure of the acoustic force field created by each resonance. Manipulation of 10 μm microbeads is demonstrated over 100 s μm. Manipulation times are of order 10 s for paths of 200 μm length. The microfluidic device used in this work is a rectangular glass capillary with a 6 mm wide and 300 μm high fluid chamber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaid Shaglwf
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Bjorn Hammarström
- Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dina Shona Laila
- School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Automotive, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, United Kingdom
| | - Martyn Hill
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Glynne-Jones
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
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24
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Directed assembly of nanoparticles into continuous microstructures by standing surface acoustic waves. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 536:701-709. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.10.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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25
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Gu Y, Chen C, Wang Z, Huang PH, Fu H, Wang L, Wu M, Chen Y, Gao T, Gong J, Kwun J, Arepally GM, Huang TJ. Plastic-based acoustofluidic devices for high-throughput, biocompatible platelet separation. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:394-402. [PMID: 30631874 PMCID: PMC6366625 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00527c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Platelet separation is a crucial step for both blood donation and treatment of essential thrombocytosis. Here we present an acoustofluidic device that is capable of performing high-throughput, biocompatible platelet separation using sound waves. The device is entirely made of plastic material, which renders the device disposable and more suitable for clinical use. We used this device to process undiluted human whole blood, and we demonstrate a sample throughput of 20 mL min-1, a platelet recovery rate of 87.3%, and a red/white blood cell removal rate of 88.9%. We preserved better platelet function and integrity for isolated platelets than those which are isolated using established methods. Our device features advantages such as rapid fabrication, high throughput, and biocompatibility, so it is a promising alternative to existing platelet separation approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Gu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27707, USA.
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26
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Xu K, Clark CP, Poe BL, Lounsbury JA, Nilsson J, Laurell T, Landers JP. Isolation of a Low Number of Sperm Cells from Female DNA in a Glass–PDMS–Glass Microchip via Bead-Assisted Acoustic Differential Extraction. Anal Chem 2019; 91:2186-2191. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Johan Nilsson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Thomas Laurell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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27
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Dong Z, Fernandez Rivas D, Kuhn S. Acoustophoretic focusing effects on particle synthesis and clogging in microreactors. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:316-327. [PMID: 30560264 PMCID: PMC6336152 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00675j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The handling of solids in microreactors represents a challenging task. In this paper, we present an acoustophoretic microreactor developed to manage particles in flow and to control the material synthesis process. The reactor was designed as a layered resonator with an actuation frequency of 1.21 MHz, in which a standing acoustic wave is generated in both the depth and width direction of the microchannel. The acoustophoretic force exerted by the standing wave on the particles focuses them to the channel center. A parametric study of the effect of flow rate, particle size and ultrasound conditions on the focusing efficiency was performed. Furthermore, the reactive precipitation of calcium carbonate and barium sulfate was chosen as a model system for material synthesis. The acoustophoretic focusing effect avoids solid deposition on the channel walls and thereby minimizes reactor fouling and thus prevents clogging. Both the average particle size and the span of the particle size distribution of the synthesized particles are reduced by applying high-frequency ultrasound. The developed reactor has the potential to control a wide range of material synthesis processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengya Dong
- KU Leuven
, Department of Chemical Engineering
,
Celestijnenlaan 200F
, 3001 Leuven
, Belgium
.
| | - David Fernandez Rivas
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems Group
, MESA+ Institute
, University of Twente
,
7500 AE Enschede
, The Netherlands
| | - Simon Kuhn
- KU Leuven
, Department of Chemical Engineering
,
Celestijnenlaan 200F
, 3001 Leuven
, Belgium
.
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28
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Khedr MMS, Messaoudi W, Jonnalagadda US, Abdelmotelb AM, Glynne-Jones P, Hill M, Khakoo SI, Abu Hilal M. Generation of functional hepatocyte 3D discoids in an acoustofluidic bioreactor. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2019; 13:014112. [PMID: 30867882 PMCID: PMC6404912 DOI: 10.1063/1.5082603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasonic standing wave systems have previously been used for the generation of 3D constructs for a range of cell types. In the present study, we cultured cells from the human hepatoma Huh7 cell line in a Bulk Acoustic Wave field and studied their viability, their functions, and their response to the anti-cancer drug, 5 Fluorouracil (5FU). We found that cells grown in the acoustofluidic bioreactor (AFB) expressed no reduction in viability up to 6 h of exposure compared to those cultured in a conventional 2D system. In addition, constructs created in the AFB and subsequently cultured outside of it had improved functionality including higher albumin and urea production than 2D or pellet cultures. The viability of Huh7 cells grown in the ultrasound field to 5FU anti-cancer drug was comparable to that of cells cultured in the 2D system, showing rapid diffusion into the aggregate core. We have shown that AFB formed 3D cell constructs have improved functionality over the conventional 2D monolayer and could be a promising model for anti-cancer drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mogibelrahman M. S. Khedr
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of
Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United
Kingdom
- Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University,
Ismailia 41111, Egypt
| | - Walid Messaoudi
- Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical
Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United
Kingdom
| | - Umesh S. Jonnalagadda
- Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical
Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United
Kingdom
| | - Ahmed M. Abdelmotelb
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of
Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United
Kingdom
- Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta
31527, Egypt
| | - Peter Glynne-Jones
- Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical
Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United
Kingdom
| | - Martyn Hill
- Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical
Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United
Kingdom
| | - Salim I. Khakoo
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of
Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United
Kingdom
- Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust,
Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammed Abu Hilal
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of
Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United
Kingdom
- Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust,
Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
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29
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Nichols MK, Kumar RK, Bassindale PG, Tian L, Barnes AC, Drinkwater BW, Patil AJ, Mann S. Fabrication of Micropatterned Dipeptide Hydrogels by Acoustic Trapping of Stimulus-Responsive Coacervate Droplets. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1800739. [PMID: 29806157 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201800739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic standing waves offer an excellent opportunity to trap and spatially manipulate colloidal objects. This noncontact technique is used for the in situ formation and patterning in aqueous solution of 1D or 2D arrays of pH-responsive coacervate microdroplets comprising poly(diallyldimethylammonium) chloride and the dipeptide N-fluorenyl-9-methoxy-carbonyl-D-alanine-D-alanine. Decreasing the pH of the preformed droplet arrays results in dipeptide nanofilament self-assembly and subsequent formation of a micropatterned supramolecular hydrogel that can be removed as a self-supporting monolith. Guest molecules such as molecular dyes, proteins, and oligonucleotides are sequestered specifically within the coacervate droplets during acoustic processing to produce micropatterned hydrogels containing spatially organized functional components. Using this strategy, the site-specific isolation of multiple enzymes to drive a catalytic cascade within the micropatterned hydrogel films is exploited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine K Nichols
- Centre for Organized Matter Chemistry and Centre for Protolife Research, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
- Bristol Centre for Functional Nanomaterials, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK
| | - Ravinash Krishna Kumar
- Centre for Organized Matter Chemistry and Centre for Protolife Research, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Philip G Bassindale
- Bristol Centre for Functional Nanomaterials, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK
| | - Liangfei Tian
- Centre for Organized Matter Chemistry and Centre for Protolife Research, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Adrian C Barnes
- School of Physics, H H Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK
| | - Bruce W Drinkwater
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TR, UK
| | - Avinash J Patil
- Centre for Organized Matter Chemistry and Centre for Protolife Research, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Stephen Mann
- Centre for Organized Matter Chemistry and Centre for Protolife Research, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
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30
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Cushing K, Undvall E, Ceder Y, Lilja H, Laurell T. Reducing WBC background in cancer cell separation products by negative acoustic contrast particle immuno-acoustophoresis. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 1000:256-264. [PMID: 29289318 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells display acoustic properties enabling acoustophoretic separation from white blood cells (WBCs) with 2-3 log suppression of the WBC background. However, a subset of WBCs has overlapping acoustic properties with cancer cells, which is why label-free acoustophoretic cancer cell isolation needs additional purification prior to analysis. This paper reports for the first time a proof of concept for continuous flow acoustophoretic negative selection of WBCs from cancer cells using negative acoustic contrast elastomeric particles (EPs) activated with CD45-antibodies that specifically bind to WBCs. The EP/WBC complexes align at the acoustic pressure anti-nodes along the channel walls while unbound cancer cells focus to the pressure node in the channel center, enabling continuous flow based depletion of WBC background in a cancer cell product. The method does not provide a single process solution for the CTC separation challenge, but provides an elegant part to a multi-step process by further reducing the WBC background in cancer cell separation products derived from an initial step of label-free acoustophoresis. We report the recorded performance of the negative selection immuno-acoustophoretic WBC depletion and cancer cell recovery. To eliminate the negative impact of the separation due to the known problems of aggregation of negative acoustic contrast particles along the sidewalls of the acoustophoresis channel and to enable continuous separation of EP/WBC complexes from cancer cells, a new acoustic actuation method has been implemented where the ultrasound frequency is scanned (1.991MHz ± 100 kHz, scan rate 200 kHz ms-1). Using this frequency scanning strategy EP/WBC complexes were acoustophoretically separated from mixtures of WBCs spiked with breast and prostate cancer cells (DU145 and MCF-7). An 86-fold (MCF-7) and 52-fold (DU145) reduction of WBCs in the cancer cell fractions were recorded with separation efficiencies of 98.6% (MCF-7) and 99.7% (DU145) and cancer cell recoveries of 89.8% (MCF-7) and 85.0% (DU145).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Cushing
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Eva Undvall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Yvonne Ceder
- Division of Translational Cancer Research Lund University, Sweden
| | - Hans Lilja
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Surgery (Urology), and Medicine (GU Oncology), Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, NY, NY, United States; Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Thomas Laurell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, South Korea.
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31
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Bian Y, Guo F, Yang S, Mao Z, Bachman H, Tang SY, Ren L, Zhang B, Gong J, Guo X, Huang TJ. Acoustofluidic waveguides for localized control of acoustic wavefront in microfluidics. MICROFLUIDICS AND NANOFLUIDICS 2017; 21:132. [PMID: 29358901 PMCID: PMC5774628 DOI: 10.1007/s10404-017-1971-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The precise manipulation of acoustic fields in microfluidics is of critical importance for the realization of many biomedical applications. Despite the tremendous efforts devoted to the field of acoustofluidics during recent years, dexterous control, with an arbitrary and complex acoustic wavefront, in a prescribed, microscale region is still out of reach. Here, we introduce the concept of acoustofluidic waveguide, a three-dimensional compact configuration that is capable of locally guiding acoustic waves into a fluidic environment. Through comprehensive numerical simulations, we revealed the possibility of forming complex field patterns with defined pressure nodes within a highly localized, pre-determined region inside the microfluidic chamber. We also demonstrated the tunability of the acoustic field profile through controlling the size and shape of the waveguide geometry, as well as the operational frequency of the acoustic wave. The feasibility of the waveguide concept was experimentally verified via microparticle trapping and patterning. Our acoustofluidic waveguiding structures can be readily integrated with other microfluidic configurations and can be further designed into more complex types of passive acoustofluidic devices. The waveguide platform provides a promising alternative to current acoustic manipulation techniques and is useful in many applications such as single-cell analysis, point-of-care diagnostics, and studies of cell-cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Bian
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Shujie Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Zhangming Mao
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Hunter Bachman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Shi-Yang Tang
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Liqiang Ren
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Fluid Machinery and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianying Gong
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- MOE Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiasheng Guo
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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32
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Williams PS, Martin M, Hoyos M. Acoustophoretic Mobility and Its Role in Optimizing Acoustofluidic Separations. Anal Chem 2017; 89:6543-6550. [PMID: 28513151 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the separation sciences, sample species are separated according to their physicochemical properties, the nature of the selective field, and, if present, the properties of the medium in which they are dissolved or suspended. Separations may be carried out on a continuous basis in microfluidic devices or split-flow thin channel (SPLITT) devices by selectively transporting species in a direction transverse to the direction of flow of the suspending fluid. Separation is achieved in the so-called transport mode according to relative differences in mobility of the species under the influence of the applied field. Gravitational, centrifugal, thermal gradient, magnetic, electric, and dielectric fields may all be used for continuous SPLITT fractionation. We present here the theory for optimizing the operation of the relatively new technique of acoustic SPLITT fractionation for the continuous separation of non-Brownian materials. The theory is based on a quantitatively defined acoustophoretic mobility that is consistent with the generalized concept of mobility proposed by Giddings. Until now, acoustophoretic mobility has almost exclusively been used as a qualitative descriptor for velocity induced by an acoustic field. The quantitative definition presented here will contribute to the advancement of all forms of acoustofluidic separations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michel Martin
- Laboratoire de Physique et Mécanique des Milieux Hétérogènes (PMMH), ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL (Paris Sciences et Lettres) Research University, Sorbonne Universités, Université Paris-Diderot , 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Mauricio Hoyos
- Laboratoire de Physique et Mécanique des Milieux Hétérogènes (PMMH), ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL (Paris Sciences et Lettres) Research University, Sorbonne Universités, Université Paris-Diderot , 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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33
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Memoli G, Fury CR, Baxter KO, Gélat PN, Jones PH. Acoustic force measurements on polymer-coated microbubbles in a microfluidic device. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2017; 141:3364. [PMID: 28599556 PMCID: PMC5436981 DOI: 10.1121/1.4979933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This work presents an acoustofluidic device for manipulating coated microbubbles, designed for the simultaneous use of optical and acoustical tweezers. A comprehensive characterization of the acoustic pressure in the device is presented, obtained by the synergic use of different techniques in the range of acoustic frequencies where visual observations showed aggregation of polymer-coated microbubbles. In absence of bubbles, the combined use of laser vibrometry and finite element modelling supported a non-invasive measurement of the acoustic pressure and an enhanced understanding of the system resonances. Calibrated holographic optical tweezers were used for direct measurements of the acoustic forces acting on an isolated microbubble, at low driving pressures, and to confirm the spatial distribution of the acoustic field. This allowed quantitative acoustic pressure measurements by particle tracking, using polystyrene beads, and an evaluation of the related uncertainties. This process facilitated the extension of tracking to microbubbles, which have a negative acoustophoretic contrast factor, allowing acoustic force measurements on bubbles at higher pressures than optical tweezers, highlighting four peaks in the acoustic response of the device. Results and methodologies are relevant to acoustofluidic applications requiring a precise characterization of the acoustic field and, in general, to biomedical applications with microbubbles or deformable particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Memoli
- Department of Acoustics, National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher R Fury
- Department of Acoustics, National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - Kate O Baxter
- Department of Acoustics, National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - Pierre N Gélat
- Department of Acoustics, National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - Philip H Jones
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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34
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Lei J. Formation of inverse Chladni patterns in liquids at microscale: roles of acoustic radiation and streaming-induced drag forces. MICROFLUIDICS AND NANOFLUIDICS 2017; 21:50. [PMID: 32226357 PMCID: PMC7089712 DOI: 10.1007/s10404-017-1888-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
While Chladni patterns in air over vibrating plates at macroscale have been well studied, inverse Chladni patterns in water at microscale have recently been reported. The underlying physics for the focusing of microparticles on the vibrating interface, however, is still unclear. In this paper, we present a quantitative three-dimensional study on the acoustophoretic motion of microparticles on a clamped vibrating circular plate in contact with water with emphasis on the roles of acoustic radiation and streaming-induced drag forces. The numerical simulations show good comparisons with experimental observations and basic theory. While we provide clear demonstrations of three-dimensional particle size-dependent microparticle trajectories in vibrating plate systems, we show that acoustic radiation forces are crucial for the formation of inverse Chladni patterns in liquids on both out-of-plane and in-plane microparticle movements. For out-of-plane microparticle acoustophoresis, out-of-plane acoustic radiation forces are the main driving force in the near-field, which prevent out-of-plane acoustic streaming vortices from dragging particles away from the vibrating interface. For in-plane acoustophoresis on the vibrating interface, acoustic streaming is not the only mechanism that carries microparticles to the vibrating antinodes forming inverse Chladni patterns: In-plane acoustic radiation forces could have a greater contribution. To facilitate the design of lab-on-a-chip devices for a wide range of applications, the effects of many key parameters, including the plate radius R and thickness h and the fluid viscosity μ, on the microparticle acoustophoresis are discussed, which show that the threshold in-plane and out-of-plane particle sizes balanced from the acoustic radiation and streaming-induced drag forces scale linearly with R and μ , but inversely with h .
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Lei
- Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
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35
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Alazzam A, Mathew B, Khashan S. Microfluidic Platforms for Bio-applications. ADVANCED MECHATRONICS AND MEMS DEVICES II 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-32180-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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36
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Chen Y, Wu M, Ren L, Liu J, Whitley PH, Wang L, Huang TJ. High-throughput acoustic separation of platelets from whole blood. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:3466-72. [PMID: 27477388 PMCID: PMC5010861 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00682e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Platelets contain growth factors which are important in biomedical and clinical applications. In this work, we present an acoustic separation device for high-throughput, non-invasive platelet isolation. In particular, we separated platelets from whole blood at a 10 mL min(-1) throughput, which is three orders of magnitude greater than that of existing acoustic-based platelet separation techniques. Without sample dilution, we observed more than 80% RBC/WBC removal and platelet recovery. High throughput, high separation efficiency, and biocompatibility make this device useful for many clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchao Chen
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Mengxi Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Liqiang Ren
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Jiayang Liu
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Pamela H. Whitley
- American Red Cross, Mid-Atlantic Blood Services Region, 400 Gresham Dr., Suite 100, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- Ascent Bio-Nano Technologies Inc., Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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37
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Leão-Neto JP, Silva GT. Acoustic radiation force and torque exerted on a small viscoelastic particle in an ideal fluid. ULTRASONICS 2016; 71:1-11. [PMID: 27254398 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2016.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We provide a detailed analysis on the acoustic radiation force and torque exerted on a homogeneous viscoelastic particle in the long-wave limit (i.e. the particle radius is much smaller than the incident wavelength) by an arbitrary wave. We assume that the particle behaves as a linear viscoelastic solid, which obeys the fractional Kelvin-Voigt model. Simple analytical expressions for the radiation force and torque are obtained. The developed theory is used to describe the interaction of acoustic waves (traveling and standing plane waves, and zero- and first-order Bessel beams) in the MHz-range with polymeric particles, namely lexan, low-density (LDPE) and high-density (HDPE) polyethylene. We found that particle absorption is chiefly the cause of the radiation force due to a traveling plane wave and zero-order Bessel beam when the frequency is smaller than 5MHz (HDPE), 3.9MHz (LDPE), and 0.9MHz (lexan). Whereas in a standing wave field, the radiation force is mildly changed due to dispersion inside the particle. We also show that the radiation torque caused by a first-order Bessel beam varies nearly quadratic with frequency. These findings may enable new possibilities of particle handling in acoustophoretic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Leão-Neto
- Physical Acoustics Group, Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL 57072-970, Brazil
| | - G T Silva
- Physical Acoustics Group, Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL 57072-970, Brazil.
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38
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Drinkwater BW. Dynamic-field devices for the ultrasonic manipulation of microparticles. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:2360-75. [PMID: 27256513 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00502k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The use of acoustic radiation forces in lab-on-a-chip environments has seen a rapid development in recent years. Operations such as particle sieving, sorting and characterisation are becoming increasingly common with a range of applications in the biomedical sciences. Traditionally, these applications rely on static patterns of ultrasonic pressure and are often collectively referred to as ultrasonic standing wave devices. Recent years have also seen the emergence of devices which capitalise on dynamic and reconfigurable ultrasonic fields and these are the subject of this review. Dynamic ultrasonic fields lead to acoustic radiation forces that change with time. They have opened up the possibility of performing a wide range of manipulations such as the transport and rotation of individual particles or agglomerates. In addition, they have led to device reconfigurability, i.e. the ability of a single lab-on-a-chip device to perform multiple functions. This opens up the possibility of channel-less microfluidic devices which would have many applications, for example in biosensing and microscale assembly. This paper reviews the current state of the field of dynamic and reconfigurable ultrasonic particle manipulation devices and then discusses the open problems and future possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce W Drinkwater
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TR, UK.
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39
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Kamsma D, Creyghton R, Sitters G, Wuite GJL, Peterman EJG. Tuning the Music: Acoustic Force Spectroscopy (AFS) 2.0. Methods 2016; 105:26-33. [PMID: 27163865 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AFS is a recently introduced high-throughput single-molecule technique that allows studying structural and mechanochemical properties of many biomolecules in parallel. To further improve the method, we developed a modelling tool to optimize the layer thicknesses, and a calibration method to experimentally validate the modelled force profiles. After optimization, we are able to apply 350pN on 4.5μm polystyrene beads, without the use of an amplifier, at the coverslip side of the AFS chip. Furthermore, we present the use of a transparent piezo to generate the acoustic force and we show that AFS can be combined with high-NA oil or water-immersion objectives. With this set of developments AFS will be applicable to a broad range of single-molecule experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douwe Kamsma
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; LaserLaB Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ramon Creyghton
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit Sitters
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; LaserLaB Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; LUMICKS B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs J L Wuite
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; LaserLaB Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Erwin J G Peterman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; LaserLaB Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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40
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Thalhammer G, McDougall C, MacDonald MP, Ritsch-Marte M. Acoustic force mapping in a hybrid acoustic-optical micromanipulation device supporting high resolution optical imaging. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:1523-32. [PMID: 27025398 PMCID: PMC5058352 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00182c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Many applications in the life-sciences demand non-contact manipulation tools for forceful but nevertheless delicate handling of various types of sample. Moreover, the system should support high-resolution optical imaging. Here we present a hybrid acoustic/optical manipulation system which utilizes a transparent transducer, making it compatible with high-NA imaging in a microfluidic environment. The powerful acoustic trapping within a layered resonator, which is suitable for highly parallel particle handling, is complemented by the flexibility and selectivity of holographic optical tweezers, with the specimens being under high quality optical monitoring at all times. The dual acoustic/optical nature of the system lends itself to optically measure the exact acoustic force map, by means of direct force measurements on an optically trapped particle. For applications with (ultra-)high demand on the precision of the force measurements, the position of the objective used for the high-NA imaging may have significant influence on the acoustic force map in the probe chamber. We have characterized this influence experimentally and the findings were confirmed by model simulations. We show that it is possible to design the chamber and to choose the operating point in such a way as to avoid perturbations due to the objective lens. Moreover, we found that measuring the electrical impedance of the transducer provides an easy indicator for the acoustic resonances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Thalhammer
- Division of Biomedical Physics, Medical University Innsbruck, Müllerstraße 44, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Craig McDougall
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Michael Peter MacDonald
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK and Physics, School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Monika Ritsch-Marte
- Division of Biomedical Physics, Medical University Innsbruck, Müllerstraße 44, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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41
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Lopes JH, Azarpeyvand M, Silva GT. Acoustic Interaction Forces and Torques Acting on Suspended Spheres in an Ideal Fluid. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2016; 63:186-197. [PMID: 26529753 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2015.2494693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the acoustic interaction forces and torques exerted by an arbitrary time-harmonic wave on a set of N objects suspended in an inviscid fluid are theoretically analyzed. We utilize the partial-wave expansion method with translational addition theorem and re-expansion of multipole series to solve the related multiple scattering problem. We show that the acoustic interaction force and torque can be obtained using the farfield radiation force and torque formulas. To exemplify the method, we calculate the interaction forces exerted by an external traveling and standing plane wave on an arrangement of two and three olive-oil droplets in water. The droplets' radii are comparable to the wavelength (i.e., Mie scattering regime). The results show that the acoustic interaction forces present an oscillatory spatial distribution which follows the pattern formed by interference between the external and rescattered waves. In addition, acoustic interaction torques arise on the absorbing droplets whenever a nonsymmetric wavefront is formed by the external and rescattered waves' interference.
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42
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Zmijan R, Jonnalagadda US, Carugo D, Kochi Y, Lemm E, Packham G, Hill M, Glynne-Jones P. High throughput imaging cytometer with acoustic focussing. RSC Adv 2015; 5:83206-83216. [PMID: 29456838 PMCID: PMC5782801 DOI: 10.1039/c5ra19497k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate an imaging flow cytometer that uses acoustic levitation to assemble cells and other particles into a sheet structure. This technique enables a high resolution, low noise CMOS camera to capture images of thousands of cells with each frame. While ultrasonic focussing has previously been demonstrated for 1D cytometry systems, extending the technology to a planar, much higher throughput format and integrating imaging is non-trivial, and represents a significant jump forward in capability, leading to diagnostic possibilities not achievable with current systems. A galvo mirror is used to track the images of the moving cells permitting exposure times of 10 ms at frame rates of 50 fps with motion blur of only a few pixels. At 80 fps, we demonstrate a throughput of 208 000 beads per second. We investigate the factors affecting motion blur and throughput, and demonstrate the system with fluorescent beads, leukaemia cells and a chondrocyte cell line. Cells require more time to reach the acoustic focus than beads, resulting in lower throughputs; however a longer device would remove this constraint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Zmijan
- Engineering Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Umesh S Jonnalagadda
- Engineering Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Dario Carugo
- Engineering Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Yu Kochi
- Japan Patent Office, 3-chome-4-3 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 100-8915, Japan
| | - Elizabeth Lemm
- Cancer Sciences Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, UK
- Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Southampton General Hospital, UK
| | - Graham Packham
- Cancer Sciences Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, UK
- Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Southampton General Hospital, UK
| | - Martyn Hill
- Engineering Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Peter Glynne-Jones
- Engineering Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
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43
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Scholz MS, Drinkwater BW, Llewellyn-Jones TM, Trask RS. Counterpropagating wave acoustic particle manipulation device for the effective manufacture of composite materials. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2015; 62:1845-1855. [PMID: 26470047 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2015.007116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
An ultrasonic assembly device exhibiting broadband behavior and a sacrificial plastic frame is described. This device is used to assemble a variety of microscopic particles differing in size, shape, and material into simple patterns within several host fluids. When the host fluid is epoxy, the assembled materials can be cured and the composite sample extracted from the sacrificial frame. The wideband performance means that within a single device, the wavelength can be varied, leading to control of the length scale of the acoustic radiation force field. We show that glass fibers of 50 μm length and 14 μm diameter can be assembled into a series of stripes separated by hundreds of microns in a time of 0.3 s. Finite element analysis is used to understand the attributes of the device which control its wideband characteristics. The bandwidth is shown to be governed by the damping produced by a combination of the plastic frame and the relatively large volume of the fluid particle mixture. The model also reveals that the acoustic radiation forces are a maximum near the substrate of the device, which is in agreement with experimental observations. The device is extended to 8-transducers and used to assemble more complex particle distributions.
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44
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Antfolk M, Magnusson C, Augustsson P, Lilja H, Laurell T. Acoustofluidic, label-free separation and simultaneous concentration of rare tumor cells from white blood cells. Anal Chem 2015; 87:9322-8. [PMID: 26309066 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Enrichment of rare cells from peripheral blood has emerged as a means to enable noninvasive diagnostics and development of personalized drugs, commonly associated with a prerequisite to concentrate the enriched rare cell population prior to molecular analysis or culture. However, common concentration by centrifugation has important limitations when processing low cell numbers. Here, we report on an integrated acoustophoresis-based rare cell enrichment system combined with integrated concentration. Polystyrene 7 μm microparticles could be separated from 5 μm particles with a recovery of 99.3 ± 0.3% at a contamination of 0.1 ± 0.03%, with an overall 25.7 ± 1.7-fold concentration of the recovered 7 μm particles. At a flow rate of 100 μL/min, breast cancer cells (MCF7) spiked into red blood cell-lysed human blood were separated with an efficiency of 91.8 ± 1.0% with a contamination of 0.6 ± 0.1% from white blood cells with a 23.8 ± 1.3-fold concentration of cancer cells. The recovery of prostate cancer cells (DU145) spiked into whole blood was 84.1 ± 2.1% with 0.2 ± 0.04% contamination of white blood cells with a 9.6 ± 0.4-fold concentration of cancer cells. This simultaneous on-chip separation and concentration shows feasibility of future acoustofluidic systems for rapid label-free enrichment and molecular characterization of circulating tumor cells using peripheral venous blood in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Antfolk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University , Ole Römers väg 3, 22363 Lund, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Magnusson
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University , Jan Waldenströms gata 35, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Per Augustsson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University , Ole Römers väg 3, 22363 Lund, Sweden.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hans Lilja
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University , Jan Waldenströms gata 35, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Surgery (Urology), and Medicine (GU Oncology), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States.,Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford John Radcliffe Hospital , Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom.,Institute for Biosciences and Medical Technology, University of Tampere , Biokatu 10, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Thomas Laurell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University , Ole Römers väg 3, 22363 Lund, Sweden
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45
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Qiu Y, Wang H, Gebhardt S, Bolhovitins A, Démoré CEM, Schönecker A, Cochran S. Screen-printed ultrasonic 2-D matrix array transducers for microparticle manipulation. ULTRASONICS 2015; 62:136-146. [PMID: 26026870 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the development of a two-dimensional thick film lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ultrasonic transducer array, operating at frequency approximately 7.5MHz, to demonstrate the potential of this fabrication technique for microparticle manipulation. All layers of the array are screen-printed then sintered on an alumina substrate without any subsequent patterning processes. The thickness of the thick film PZT is 139±2μm, the element pitch of the array is 2.3mm, and the dimension of each individual PZT element is 2×2mm(2) with top electrode 1.7×1.7mm(2). The measured relative dielectric constant of the PZT is 2250±100 and the dielectric loss is 0.09±0.005 at 10kHz. Finite element analysis was used to predict the behaviour of the array and to optimise its configuration. Electrical impedance spectroscopy and laser vibrometry were used to characterise the array experimentally. The measured surface motion of a single element is on the order of tens of nanometres with a 10Vpeak continuous sinusoidal excitation. Particle manipulation experiments have been demonstrated with the array by manipulating Ø10μm polystyrene microspheres in degassed water. The simplified array fabrication process and the bulk production capability of screen-printing suggest potential for the commercialisation of multilayer planar resonant devices for ultrasonic particle manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Qiu
- Institute for Medical Science and Technology, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom.
| | - Han Wang
- Institute for Medical Science and Technology, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Sylvia Gebhardt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems, Dresden, Germany
| | - Aleksandrs Bolhovitins
- Institute for Medical Science and Technology, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Christine E M Démoré
- Institute for Medical Science and Technology, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Schönecker
- Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sandy Cochran
- Institute for Medical Science and Technology, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
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Lamprecht A, Schwarz T, Wang J, Dual J. Viscous torque on spherical micro particles in two orthogonal acoustic standing wave fields. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2015; 138:23-32. [PMID: 26233003 DOI: 10.1121/1.4922175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the experimental results of the acoustic rotation of spherical micro particles because of two orthogonal standing waves. When the standing waves are excited at equal frequency but with a phase shift between two external voltage signals there is an acoustic streaming around the particles. This streaming is due to a time averaging of the acoustic wave field and produces a nonzero viscous torque on the particles, driving them to rotate. The work investigates the micro-particle rotation due to the viscous torque and predict the particle's steady state rotational velocity. The previous theoretical discussions [Nyborg, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 85, 329-339 (1958); Lee and Wang, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 85, 1081-1088 (1989)] of the viscous torque on a non-rotating sphere are expanded to allow free rotations. The analytical calculations provide a deeper understanding of the viscous torque and explain the experimental observations of rotating particles. A macroscopic experimental device is designed to provide the necessary boundary conditions for the viscous torque to rotate spherical particles. The experiments not only show good agreement with the analysis, but also demonstrate that the viscous torque due to acoustic streaming may dominate for the case of near-spherical particle dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Lamprecht
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Institute for Mechanical Systems, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Schwarz
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Institute for Mechanical Systems, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jingtao Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Institute for Mechanical Systems, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jurg Dual
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Institute for Mechanical Systems, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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47
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Silva GT, Baggio AL. Designing single-beam multitrapping acoustical tweezers. ULTRASONICS 2015; 56:449-55. [PMID: 25304994 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The concept of a single-beam acoustical tweezer device which can simultaneously trap microparticles at different points is proposed and demonstrated through computational simulations. The device employs an ultrasound beam produced by a circular focused transducer operating at 1 MHz in water medium. The ultrasound beam exerts a radiation force that may tweeze suspended microparticles in the medium. Simulations show that the acoustical tweezer can simultaneously trap microparticles in the pre-focal zone along the beam axis, i.e. between the transducer surface and its geometric focus. As acoustical tweezers are fast becoming a key instrument in microparticle handling, the development of acoustic multitrapping concept may turn into a useful tool in engineering these devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glauber T Silva
- Physical Acoustics Group, Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL 57072-970, Brazil.
| | - André L Baggio
- Physical Acoustics Group, Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL 57072-970, Brazil
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48
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Prest JE, Treves Brown BJ, Fielden PR, Wilkinson SJ, Hawkes JJ. Scaling-up ultrasound standing wave enhanced sedimentation filters. ULTRASONICS 2015; 56:260-270. [PMID: 25193111 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Particle concentration and filtration is a key stage in a wide range of processing industries and also one that can be present challenges for high throughput, continuous operation. Here we demonstrate some features which increase the efficiency of ultrasound enhanced sedimentation and could enable the technology the potential to be scaled up. In this work, 20 mm piezoelectric plates were used to drive 100 mm high chambers formed from single structural elements. The coherent structural resonances were able to drive particles (yeast cells) in the water to nodes throughout the chamber. Ultrasound enhanced sedimentation was used to demonstrate the efficiency of the system (>99% particle clearance). Sub-wavelength pin protrusions were used for the contacts between the resonant chamber and other elements. The pins provided support and transferred power, replacing glue which is inefficient for power transfer. Filtration energies of ∼4 J/ml of suspension were measured. A calculation of thermal convection indicates that the circulation could disrupt cell alignment in ducts >35 mm high when a 1K temperature gradient is present; we predict higher efficiencies when this maximum height is observed. For the acoustic design, although modelling was minimal before construction, the very simple construction allowed us to form 3D models of the nodal patterns in the fluid and the duct structure. The models were compared with visual observations of particle movement, Chladni figures and scanning laser vibrometer mapping. This demonstrates that nodal planes in the fluid can be controlled by the position of clamping points and that the contacts could be positioned to increase the efficiency and reliability of particle manipulations in standing waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff E Prest
- Department of Chemistry Faraday Building, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UK
| | - Bernard J Treves Brown
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Peter R Fielden
- Department of Chemistry Faraday Building, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UK
| | - Stephen J Wilkinson
- University of Chester Faculty of Science and Engineering, Thornton Science Park, CH2 4NU, UK
| | - Jeremy J Hawkes
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
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49
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Gao L, Wyatt Shields C, Johnson LM, Graves SW, Yellen BB, López GP. Two-dimensional spatial manipulation of microparticles in continuous flows in acoustofluidic systems. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2015; 9:014105. [PMID: 25713687 PMCID: PMC4304957 DOI: 10.1063/1.4905875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We report a modeling and experimental study of techniques to acoustically focus particles flowing through a microfluidic channel. Our theoretical model differs from prior works in that we solve an approximate 2-D wave transmission model that accounts for wave propagation in both the solid and fluid phases. Our simulations indicate that particles can be effectively focused at driving frequencies as high as 10% off of the resonant condition. This conclusion is supported by experiments on the acoustic focusing of particles in nearly square microchannels, which are studied for different flow rates, driving frequencies and placements of the lead zirconate titanate transducer, either underneath the microchannel or underneath a parallel trough. The relative acoustic potential energy and the resultant velocity fields for particles with positive acoustic contrast coefficients are estimated in the 2-D limit. Confocal microscopy was used to observe the spatial distribution of the flowing microparticles in three dimensions. Through these studies, we show that a single driving frequency from a single piezoelectric actuator can induce the 2-D concentration of particles in a microchannel with a nearly square cross section, and we correlate these behaviors with theoretical predictions. We also show that it is possible to control the extent of focusing of the microparticles, and that it is possible to decouple the focusing of microparticles in the vertical direction from the lateral direction in rectangular channels with anisotropic cross sections. This study provides guidelines to design and operate microchip-based acoustofluidic devices for precise control over the spatial arrangement of microparticles for applications such as flow cytometry and cellular sorting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Leah M Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Steven W Graves
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
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50
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Li S, Glynne-Jones P, Andriotis OG, Ching KY, Jonnalagadda US, Oreffo ROC, Hill M, Tare RS. Application of an acoustofluidic perfusion bioreactor for cartilage tissue engineering. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:4475-85. [PMID: 25272195 PMCID: PMC4227593 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00956h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cartilage grafts generated using conventional static tissue engineering strategies are characterised by low cell viability, suboptimal hyaline cartilage formation and, critically, inferior mechanical competency, which limit their application for resurfacing articular cartilage defects. To address the limitations of conventional static cartilage bioengineering strategies and generate robust, scaffold-free neocartilage grafts of human articular chondrocytes, the present study utilised custom-built microfluidic perfusion bioreactors with integrated ultrasound standing wave traps. The system employed sweeping acoustic drive frequencies over the range of 890 to 910 kHz and continuous perfusion of the chondrogenic culture medium at a low-shear flow rate to promote the generation of three-dimensional agglomerates of human articular chondrocytes, and enhance cartilage formation by cells of the agglomerates via improved mechanical stimulation and mass transfer rates. Histological examination and assessment of micromechanical properties using indentation-type atomic force microscopy confirmed that the neocartilage grafts were analogous to native hyaline cartilage. Furthermore, in the ex vivo organ culture partial thickness cartilage defect model, implantation of the neocartilage grafts into defects for 16 weeks resulted in the formation of hyaline cartilage-like repair tissue that adhered to the host cartilage and contributed to significant improvements to the tissue architecture within the defects, compared to the empty defects. The study has demonstrated the first successful application of the acoustofluidic perfusion bioreactors to bioengineer scaffold-free neocartilage grafts of human articular chondrocytes that have the potential for subsequent use in second generation autologous chondrocyte implantation procedures for the repair of partial thickness cartilage defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Li
- Centre for Human Development , Stem Cells and Regeneration , Faculty of Medicine , University of Southampton , Southampton SO16 6YD , UK . ; Fax: +44 2381 204221 ; Tel: +44 (0)2381 205257
| | - Peter Glynne-Jones
- Engineering Sciences , Faculty of Engineering and the Environment , University of Southampton , Southampton SO17 1BJ , UK
| | - Orestis G. Andriotis
- Institute of Lightweight Design and Structural Biomechanics , Vienna University of Technology , Gusshausstrasse 27-29 A-1040 , Vienna , Austria
| | - Kuan Y. Ching
- nCATS , Faculty of Engineering and the Environment , University of Southampton , Southampton SO17 1BJ , UK
| | - Umesh S. Jonnalagadda
- Engineering Sciences , Faculty of Engineering and the Environment , University of Southampton , Southampton SO17 1BJ , UK
| | - Richard O. C. Oreffo
- Centre for Human Development , Stem Cells and Regeneration , Faculty of Medicine , University of Southampton , Southampton SO16 6YD , UK . ; Fax: +44 2381 204221 ; Tel: +44 (0)2381 205257
| | - Martyn Hill
- Engineering Sciences , Faculty of Engineering and the Environment , University of Southampton , Southampton SO17 1BJ , UK
| | - Rahul S. Tare
- Centre for Human Development , Stem Cells and Regeneration , Faculty of Medicine , University of Southampton , Southampton SO16 6YD , UK . ; Fax: +44 2381 204221 ; Tel: +44 (0)2381 205257
- Engineering Sciences , Faculty of Engineering and the Environment , University of Southampton , Southampton SO17 1BJ , UK
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