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Dang T, Zhang ZY, Li T. Visible-Light-Activated Heteroaryl Azoswitches: Toward a More Colorful Future. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:19609-19620. [PMID: 38991225 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Azobenzenes (Ph-N═N-Ph) are known as the most widely studied molecular photoswitches, and the recent rise of azoheteroarenes (Het-N═N-Ph or Het-N═N-Het) offers great opportunities to advance this already mature field. A common limitation is that azo-switches generally require harmful UV light for activation, which hinders their application across various fields. Despite great efforts in developing visible-light azobenzenes over the past few decades, the potential of visible-light heteroaryl azoswitches remains largely unexplored. This Perspective summarizes the state-of-the-art advancements in visible-light heteroaryl azoswitches, covering molecular design strategies, the structure-property relationship, and potential applications. We highlight the distinctive advantages of azoheteroarenes over azobenzenes in the research and development of visible-light switches. Furthermore, we discuss the opportunities and challenges in this emerging field and propose potential solutions to address crucial issues such as spectral red-shift and thermal half-life. Through this Perspective paper, we aim to provide inspiration for further exploration in this field, in anticipation of the growing prosperity and bright future of visible-light azoheteroarene photoswitches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Dang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhao-Yang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Tao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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2
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Gallardo-Rosas D, Guevara-Vela JM, Rocha-Rinza T, Toscano RA, López-Cortés JG, Ortega-Alfaro MC. Structure and isomerization behavior relationships of new push-pull azo-pyrrole photoswitches. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:4123-4134. [PMID: 38700442 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00417e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
A family of stilbenyl-azopyrroles compounds 2a-d and 3a-d was efficiently obtained via a Mizoroki-Heck C-C-type coupling reaction between 2-(4'-iodophenyl-azo)-N-methyl pyrrole (1a) and different vinyl precursors. The influence of the π-conjugated backbone and the effect of the pyrrole moiety were correlated with their optical properties. Studies via UV-Visible spectrophotometry revealed that the inclusion of EWG or EDG favors a red-shift of the main absorption band in these azo compounds compared with their non-substituted analogues. Furthermore, there is a clear influence between the half-life of the Z isomer formed by irradiation with white light and the push-pull behavior of the molecules. In several cases, the stilbenyl-azopyrroles led to the formation of J-type aggregates in binary MeOH : H2O solvents, which are of interest for water compatible applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gallardo-Rosas
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, UNAM, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán C.P. 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - J M Guevara-Vela
- Departamento de Química Física Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - T Rocha-Rinza
- Instituto de Química UNAM, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán C.P. 04510, Cuidad de México, Mexico
| | - R A Toscano
- Instituto de Química UNAM, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán C.P. 04510, Cuidad de México, Mexico
| | - J G López-Cortés
- Instituto de Química UNAM, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán C.P. 04510, Cuidad de México, Mexico
| | - M C Ortega-Alfaro
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, UNAM, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán C.P. 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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3
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Nogal N, Guisán S, Dellemme D, Surin M, de la Escosura A. Selectivity in the chiral self-assembly of nucleobase-arylazopyrazole photoswitches along DNA templates. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:3703-3709. [PMID: 38505984 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00041b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The control of supramolecular DNA assembly through external stimuli such as light represents a promising approach to control bioreactions, and modulate hybridization or delivery processes. Here, we report on the design of nucleobase-containing arylazopyrazole photoswitches that undergo chiral organization upon self-assembly along short DNA templates. Chiroptical spectroscopy shows that the specific nucleobases allow selectivity in the resulting supramolecular DNA complexes, and UV light irradiation triggers partial desorption of the arylazopyrazole photoswitches. Molecular modeling studies reveal the differences of binding modes between the two configurations in the templated assembly. Remarkably, our results show that the photoswitching behaviour controls the self-assembly process along DNA, opening the way to potential applications as nano- and biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemí Nogal
- Departament of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain.
| | - Santiago Guisán
- Departament of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain.
| | - David Dellemme
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Center for Innovation in Materials and Polymers, University of Mons - UMONS, 20 Place du Parc, Mons B-7000, Belgium.
| | - Mathieu Surin
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Center for Innovation in Materials and Polymers, University of Mons - UMONS, 20 Place du Parc, Mons B-7000, Belgium.
| | - Andrés de la Escosura
- Departament of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain.
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemistry (IAdChem), Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
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4
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Lv Y, Ye H, You L. Multiple control of azoquinoline based molecular photoswitches. Chem Sci 2024; 15:3290-3299. [PMID: 38425524 PMCID: PMC10901508 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05879d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Multi-addressable molecular switches with high sophistication are creating intensive interest, but are challenging to control. Herein, we incorporated ring-chain dynamic covalent sites into azoquinoline scaffolds for the construction of multi-responsive and multi-state switching systems. The manipulation of ring-chain equilibrium by acid/base and dynamic covalent reactions with primary/secondary amines allowed the regulation of E/Z photoisomerization. Moreover, the carboxyl and quinoline motifs provided recognition handles for the chelation of metal ions and turning off photoswitching, with otherwise inaccessible Z-isomer complexes obtained via the change of stimulation sequence. Particularly, the distinct metal binding behaviors of primary amine and secondary amine products offered a facile way for modulating E/Z switching and dynamic covalent reactivity. As a result, multiple control of azoarene photoswitches was accomplished, including light, pH, metal ions, and amine nucleophiles, with interplay between diverse stimuli further enabling addressable multi-state switching within reaction networks. The underlying structural and mechanistic insights were elucidated, paving the way for the creation of complex switching systems, molecular assemblies, and intelligent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youming Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Hebo Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 China
| | - Lei You
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China Fuzhou 350108 China
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5
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Hao Y, Han R, Li S, Liu L, Fang WH. A Complete Unveiling of the Mechanism and Chirality in Photoisomerization of Arylazopyrazole 3pzH: Combined Electronic Structure Calculations and AIMS Dynamic Simulations. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:528-538. [PMID: 38215031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c03477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
The arylazopyrazole 3pzH as a novel photoswitch exhibits quantitative switching and high thermal stability. In this work, combined electronic structure calculations and ab initio multiple spawning (AIMS) dynamic simulations were performed to systemically investigate the cis ↔ trans photoisomerization mechanism and the chiral preference after photoexcitation of 3pzH to the first excited singlet state (S1). Unlike most of the azoheteroarene photoswitches reported previously, many twisted and T-shaped cis isomers were found to be stable for 3pzH in the S0 state, owing to the moderate interaction between the hydrogen atom and π electrons of the aromatic ring. Two twisted cis isomers with different chirality ((M)-Z1 and (P)-Z1), the most stable T-shaped cis isomer ((T)-Z2), and the most stable planar trans isomer (E2) were selected as the initial structures to carry out the AIMS nonadiabatic dynamic simulations. Following excitation to the S1 state, all of the cis isomers decayed to conical intersection (CI) regions via the same bicycle pedal mechanism, while the evolution of the trans isomers to their CI regions was achieved via rotation around the N═N bond. More importantly, chiral preferences were found for the twisted cis isomers in the S1 state through the AIMS dynamic simulations due to the steric effect and static electronic repulsion. Notably, chirality was also observed in S1 isomerization starting from the planar E2 isomer because of the dynamic effect. After the nonadiabatic transition to the S0 state, the bicycle pedal mechanism was found to play a crucial role in cis ↔ trans photoisomerization. The simulated photoisomerization productivities were generally consistent with past experimental observations. Our calculations not only uncover the underlying reason for the excellent photoswitching properties of 3pzH but also enrich the knowledge of photoisomerization for azoheteroarene photoswitches, which will surely benefit their rational design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Hao
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ruinong Han
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Lihong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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6
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Golovina GV, Egorov AE, Khodot EN, Kostyukov AA, Timokhina EN, Astakhova TY, Nekipelova TD. The effect of substituent position and solvent on thermal Z‒E isomerization of dihydroquinolylazotetrazole dyes: kinetic, thermodynamic, and spectral approaches. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2024; 23:177-187. [PMID: 38071235 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00511-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Kinetic and thermodynamic parameters have been investigated for the thermal Z‒E isomerization of dihydroquinolylazotetrazole dyes with alkyl substituents (Me, t-Bu, and Adm) at positions 1 (dyes 2) and 2 (dyes 3) of the tetrazole moiety in two solvents of different polarity, acetonitrile (MeCN) and toluene. The experimental results show crucial dependence of these parameters on a substituent position in the tetrazole moiety and on a solvent. For dyes 2, Eact and ΔH‡ are lower in MeCN than in toluene that results in a high increase in the lifetimes of the Z isomers: from milliseconds in MeCN to minutes in toluene. For dyes 3, the difference in Eact and ΔH‡ in the two solvents is opposite: Eact and ΔH‡ are by more than 20 kJ mol-1 higher in MeCN, nevertheless, the rate constants for 3 in toluene are comparable with those in MeCN at the ambient temperature and the difference in the behavior is determined by the value of negative entropy of activation. Quantum-chemical calculations of the thermal Z‒E isomerization show the possibility of the process to occur via crossing from the S0 to the thermally induced T1 state. The contribution of this path is highest for 3 in toluene. The analysis of the absorption spectra demonstrates that for the E isomers, the n‒π* and π‒π* transitions are within the long-wavelength absorption band and their positions relative each other are opposite in the solvents: the n‒π* transition is blue-shifted relative to the π‒π* transition in MeCN and is red-shifted in toluene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina V Golovina
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics RAS, Kosygin Str. 4, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - Anton E Egorov
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics RAS, Kosygin Str. 4, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - Evgenii N Khodot
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS, Leninskii Pr. 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Alexey A Kostyukov
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics RAS, Kosygin Str. 4, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - Elena N Timokhina
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics RAS, Kosygin Str. 4, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - Tatiana Yu Astakhova
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics RAS, Kosygin Str. 4, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - Tatiana D Nekipelova
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics RAS, Kosygin Str. 4, Moscow, 119334, Russia.
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7
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Lahmy R, Hübner H, Schmidt MF, Lachmann D, Gmeiner P, König B. Photochromic Fentanyl Derivatives for Controlled μ-Opioid Receptor Activation. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201515. [PMID: 35899620 PMCID: PMC9826449 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Photoswitchable ligands as biological tools provide an opportunity to explore the kinetics and dynamics of the clinically relevant μ-opioid receptor. These ligands can potentially activate or deactivate the receptor when desired by using light. Spatial and temporal control of biological activity allows for application in a diverse range of biological investigations. Photoswitchable ligands have been developed in this work, modelled on the known agonist fentanyl, with the aim of expanding the current "toolbox" of fentanyl photoswitchable ligands. In doing so, ligands have been developed that change geometry (isomerize) upon exposure to light, with varying photophysical and biochemical properties. This variation in properties could be valuable in further studying the functional significance of the μ-opioid receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranit Lahmy
- Institute of Organic ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry and PharmacyUniversity of Regensburg93053RegensburgGermany
| | - Harald Hübner
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyFriedrich Alexander University91052ErlangenGermany
| | - Maximilian F. Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyFriedrich Alexander University91052ErlangenGermany
| | - Daniel Lachmann
- Institute of Organic ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry and PharmacyUniversity of Regensburg93053RegensburgGermany
| | - Peter Gmeiner
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyFriedrich Alexander University91052ErlangenGermany
| | - Burkhard König
- Institute of Organic ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry and PharmacyUniversity of Regensburg93053RegensburgGermany
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8
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Gaur AK, Kumar H, Gupta D, Tom IP, Nampoothiry DN, Thakur SK, Mahadevan A, Singh S, Venkataramani S. Structure-Property Relationship for Visible Light Bidirectional Photoswitchable Azoheteroarenes and Thermal Stability of Z-Isomers. J Org Chem 2022; 87:6541-6551. [PMID: 35486716 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A modular approach has been adopted to synthesize a wide range of visible light-driven photoswitchable azoheteroarenes. In this regard, we considered ortho substitution of cyclic amines in the aryl ring and varied substitution patterns. Using detailed spectroscopic studies, we established a relationship between structure and photoswitching ability and also half-lives of the Z-isomers. Through this, we envision tunable and bidirectional longer wavelength photoswitches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Kumar Gaur
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Himanshu Kumar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Debapriya Gupta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Irin Pottanani Tom
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Dhanyaj Narayanan Nampoothiry
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Thakur
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Anjali Mahadevan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Sanjay Singh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Sugumar Venkataramani
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli 140306, Punjab, India
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9
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Chen H, Chen W, Lin Y, Xie Y, Liu SH, Yin J. Visible and near-infrared light activated azo dyes. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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10
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Ryazantsev MN, Strashkov DM, Nikolaev DM, Shtyrov AA, Panov MS. Photopharmacological compounds based on azobenzenes and azoheteroarenes: principles of molecular design, molecular modelling, and synthesis. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr5001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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11
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He Y, Shangguan Z, Zhang Z, Xie M, Yu C, Li T. Azobispyrazole Family as Photoswitches Combining (Near‐) Quantitative Bidirectional Isomerization and Widely Tunable Thermal Half‐Lives from Hours to Years**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yixin He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Zhichun Shangguan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Zhao‐Yang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Mingchen Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Chunyang Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Tao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
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12
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He Y, Shangguan Z, Zhang ZY, Xie M, Yu C, Li T. Azobispyrazole Family as Photoswitches Combining (Near-) Quantitative Bidirectional Isomerization and Widely Tunable Thermal Half-Lives from Hours to Years*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:16539-16546. [PMID: 33852166 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Azobenzenes are classical molecular photoswitches that have been widely used. In recent endeavors of molecular design, replacing one or both phenyl rings with heteroaromatic rings has emerged as a strategy to expand molecular diversity and access improved photoswitching properties. Many mono-heteroaryl azo molecules with unique structures and/or properties have been developed, but the potential of bis-heteroaryl architectures is far from fully exploited. We report a family of azobispyrazoles, which combine (near-)quantitative bidirectional photoconversion and widely tunable Z-isomer thermal half-lives from hours to years. The two five-membered rings remarkably weaken the intramolecular steric hindrance, providing new possibilities for engineering the geometric and electronic structure of azo photoswitches. Azobispyrazoles generally exhibit twisted Z-isomers that facilitate complete Z→E photoisomerization, and their thermal stability can be broadly adjusted regardless of the twisted shape, overcoming the conflict between photoconversion (favored by the twisted shape) and Z-isomer stability (favored by the orthogonal shape) encountered by mono-heteroaryl azo switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhichun Shangguan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhao-Yang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Mingchen Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chunyang Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Tao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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13
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Heindl AH, Wegner HA. Rational Design of Azothiophenes-Substitution Effects on the Switching Properties. Chemistry 2020; 26:13730-13737. [PMID: 32330338 PMCID: PMC7702042 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of substituted azothiophenes was prepared and investigated toward their isomerization behavior. Compared to azobenzene (AB), the presented compounds showed red-shifted absorption and almost quantitative photoisomerization to their (Z) states. Furthermore, it was found that electron-withdrawing substitution on the phenyl moiety increases, while electron-donating substitution decreases the thermal half-lives of the (Z)-isomers due to higher or lower stabilization by a lone pair-π interaction. Additionally, computational analysis of the isomerization revealed that a pure singlet state transition state is unlikely in azothiophenes. A pathway via intersystem crossing to a triplet energy surface of lower energy than the singlet surface provided a better fit with experimental data of the (Z)→(E) isomerization. The insights gained in this study provide the necessary guidelines to design effective thiophenylazo-photoswitches for applications in photopharmacology, material sciences, or solar energy harvesting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas H. Heindl
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJustus Liebig UniversityHeinrich-Buff-Ring 1735392GiessenGermany
- Center for Material Research (LaMa)Justus Liebig UniversityHeinrich-Buff-Ring 1635392GiessenGermany
| | - Hermann A. Wegner
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJustus Liebig UniversityHeinrich-Buff-Ring 1735392GiessenGermany
- Center for Material Research (LaMa)Justus Liebig UniversityHeinrich-Buff-Ring 1635392GiessenGermany
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14
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Bulumulla C, Gunawardhana R, Gamage PL, Miller JT, Kularatne RN, Biewer MC, Stefan MC. Pyrrole-Containing Semiconducting Materials: Synthesis and Applications in Organic Photovoltaics and Organic Field-Effect Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:32209-32232. [PMID: 32584535 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c07161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organic semiconducting materials derived from π-electron-rich pyrroles have garnered attention in recent years for the development of organic semiconductors. Although pyrrole is the most electron-rich five-membered heteroaromatic ring, it has found few applications in organic photovoltaics and organic field-effect transistors due to synthetic challenges and instability. However, computational modeling assisted screening processes have indicated that relatively stable materials containing pyrrolic units can be synthesized without compromising their inherent electron-donating properties. In this work, we provide a complete, up-to-date review of pyrrole-containing semiconducting materials used for organic photovoltaics and organic field-effect transistors and highlight recent advances in the synthesis of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandima Bulumulla
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Ruwan Gunawardhana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Prabhath L Gamage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Justin T Miller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Ruvanthi N Kularatne
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Michael C Biewer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Mihaela C Stefan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
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15
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Balam-Villarreal JA, López-Mayorga BJ, Gallardo-Rosas D, Toscano RA, Carreón-Castro MP, Basiuk VA, Cortés-Guzmán F, López-Cortés JG, Ortega-Alfaro MC. π-Extended push-pull azo-pyrrole photoswitches: synthesis, solvatochromism and optical band gaps. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:1657-1670. [PMID: 32048680 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02410g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new family of push-pull biphenyl-azopyrrole compounds 3b-g and 4b-d was efficiently obtained via a Suzuki cross-coupling reaction between 2-(4'-iodophenyl-azo)-N-methyl pyrrole (1a) or 3-(4'-iodophenyl-azo)-1,2,5-trimethyl pyrrole (2a) and 4'-substituted phenyl boronic acids in excellent yields. The influence of the π-biphenyl backbone and pyrrole pattern substitution was correlated with their optical properties. Solvatochromic studies via UV-visible spectrophotometry revealed that the inclusion of a 4'-nitro-biphenyl fragment favors a red-shift of the main absorption band in these azo compounds compared with their non-substituted analogues. Likewise, optical band-gaps were estimated by means of electronic absorption spectra and correlated with TD-DFT studies. The pyrrole pattern substitution and the π-conjugated backbone exhibit a clear influence on their thermal isomerization kinetics at room temperature. In all cases, biphenylazo-pyrrole compounds lead to the formation of J-type aggregates in binary MeOH : H2O solvents. Under these conditions, compounds 3b-c undergo a water-assisted cis-to-trans isomerization at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Balam-Villarreal
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, UNAM, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán C.P. 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - B J López-Mayorga
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, UNAM, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán C.P. 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - D Gallardo-Rosas
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, UNAM, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán C.P. 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - R A Toscano
- Instituto de Química UNAM, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán C.P. 04510, Cuidad de México, Mexico.
| | - M P Carreón-Castro
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, UNAM, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán C.P. 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - V A Basiuk
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, UNAM, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán C.P. 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - F Cortés-Guzmán
- Instituto de Química UNAM, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán C.P. 04510, Cuidad de México, Mexico.
| | - J G López-Cortés
- Instituto de Química UNAM, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán C.P. 04510, Cuidad de México, Mexico.
| | - M C Ortega-Alfaro
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, UNAM, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán C.P. 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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16
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Imperatore C, Valadan M, Tartaglione L, Persico M, Ramunno A, Menna M, Casertano M, Dell’Aversano C, Singh M, d’Aulisio Garigliota ML, Bajardi F, Morelli E, Fattorusso C, Altucci C, Varra M. Exploring the Photodynamic Properties of Two Antiproliferative Benzodiazopyrrole Derivatives. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041246. [PMID: 32069905 PMCID: PMC7072997 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of molecules whose biological activity can be properly modulated by light is a promising therapeutic approach aimed to improve drug selectivity and efficacy on the molecular target and to limit the side effects compared to traditional drugs. Recently, two photo-switchable diastereomeric benzodiazopyrrole derivatives 1RR and 1RS have been reported as microtubules targeting agents (MTAs) on human colorectal carcinoma p53 null cell line (HCT 116 p53-/-). Their IC50 was enhanced upon Light Emitting Diode (LED) irradiation at 435 nm and was related to their cis form. Here we have investigated the photo-responsive behavior of the acid derivatives of 1RR and 1RS, namely, d1RR and d1RS, in phosphate buffer solutions at different pH. The comparison of the UV spectra, acquired before and after LED irradiation, indicated that the trans→cis conversion of d1RR and d1RS is affected by the degree of ionization. The apparent rate constants were calculated from the kinetic data by means of fast UV spectroscopy and the conformers of the putative ionic species present in solution (pH range: 5.7–8.0) were modelled. Taken together, our experimental and theoretical results suggest that the photo-conversions of transd1RR/d1RS into the corresponding cis forms and the thermal decay of cisd1RR/d1RS are dependent on the presence of diazonium form of d1RR/d1RS. Finally, a photo-reaction was detected only for d1RR after prolonged LED irradiation in acidic medium, and the resulting product was characterized by means of Liquid Chromatography coupled to High resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Imperatore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.I.); (L.T.); (M.P.); (M.M.); (M.C.); (C.D.); (E.M.)
| | - Mohammadhassan Valadan
- Department of Physics “Ettore Pancini”, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.V.); (M.S.); (F.B.)
| | - Luciana Tartaglione
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.I.); (L.T.); (M.P.); (M.M.); (M.C.); (C.D.); (E.M.)
- CoNISMa–Italian Interuniversity Consortium on Marine Sciences, Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Persico
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.I.); (L.T.); (M.P.); (M.M.); (M.C.); (C.D.); (E.M.)
| | - Anna Ramunno
- Department of Pharmacy/DIFARMA, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy; (A.R.); (M.L.d.G.)
| | - Marialuisa Menna
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.I.); (L.T.); (M.P.); (M.M.); (M.C.); (C.D.); (E.M.)
| | - Marcello Casertano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.I.); (L.T.); (M.P.); (M.M.); (M.C.); (C.D.); (E.M.)
| | - Carmela Dell’Aversano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.I.); (L.T.); (M.P.); (M.M.); (M.C.); (C.D.); (E.M.)
- CoNISMa–Italian Interuniversity Consortium on Marine Sciences, Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196 Rome, Italy
| | - Manjot Singh
- Department of Physics “Ettore Pancini”, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.V.); (M.S.); (F.B.)
| | | | - Francesco Bajardi
- Department of Physics “Ettore Pancini”, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.V.); (M.S.); (F.B.)
| | - Elena Morelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.I.); (L.T.); (M.P.); (M.M.); (M.C.); (C.D.); (E.M.)
| | - Caterina Fattorusso
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.I.); (L.T.); (M.P.); (M.M.); (M.C.); (C.D.); (E.M.)
- Correspondence: (C.F.); (C.A.); (M.V.); Tel.: +39-081-678544 (C.F.); +39-081-676293 (C.A.); +39-081-678540 (M.V.)
| | - Carlo Altucci
- Department of Physics “Ettore Pancini”, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.V.); (M.S.); (F.B.)
- Correspondence: (C.F.); (C.A.); (M.V.); Tel.: +39-081-678544 (C.F.); +39-081-676293 (C.A.); +39-081-678540 (M.V.)
| | - Michela Varra
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.I.); (L.T.); (M.P.); (M.M.); (M.C.); (C.D.); (E.M.)
- Correspondence: (C.F.); (C.A.); (M.V.); Tel.: +39-081-678544 (C.F.); +39-081-676293 (C.A.); +39-081-678540 (M.V.)
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17
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Kennedy ADW, Sandler I, Andréasson J, Ho J, Beves JE. Visible‐Light Photoswitching by Azobenzazoles. Chemistry 2020; 26:1103-1110. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Isolde Sandler
- School of Chemistry UNSW Sydney Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Joakim Andréasson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chalmers University of Technology 412 96 Göteborg Sweden
| | - Junming Ho
- School of Chemistry UNSW Sydney Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
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18
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Slavov C, Yang C, Heindl AH, Wegner HA, Dreuw A, Wachtveitl J. Thiophenylazobenzene: An Alternative Photoisomerization Controlled by Lone-Pair⋅⋅⋅π Interaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:380-387. [PMID: 31595575 PMCID: PMC6973119 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201909739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Azoheteroarene photoswitches have attracted attention due to their unique properties. We present the stationary photochromism and ultrafast photoisomerization mechanism of thiophenylazobenzene (TphAB). It demonstrates impressive fatigue resistance and photoisomerization efficiency, and shows favorably separated (E)- and (Z)-isomer absorption bands, allowing for highly selective photoconversion. The (Z)-isomer of TphAB adopts an unusual orthogonal geometry where the thiophenyl group is perfectly perpendicular to the phenyl group. This geometry is stabilized by a rare lone-pair⋅⋅⋅π interaction between the S atom and the phenyl group. The photoisomerization of TphAB occurs on the sub-ps to ps timescale and is governed by this interaction. Therefore, the adoption and disruption of the orthogonal geometry requires significant movement along the inversion reaction coordinates (CNN and NNC angles). Our results establish TphAB as an excellent photoswitch with versatile properties that expand the application possibilities of AB derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chavdar Slavov
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical ChemistryGoethe UniversityFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Chong Yang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR)University of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Andreas H. Heindl
- Institute of Organic ChemistryCenter for Materials Research (LaMa)Justus Liebig UniversityGiessenGermany
| | - Hermann A. Wegner
- Institute of Organic ChemistryCenter for Materials Research (LaMa)Justus Liebig UniversityGiessenGermany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR)University of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Josef Wachtveitl
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical ChemistryGoethe UniversityFrankfurt am MainGermany
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19
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Pithan PM, Kuhlmann C, Engelhard C, Ihmels H. Synthesis of 5-Alkyl- and 5-Phenylamino-Substituted Azothiazole Dyes with Solvatochromic and DNA-Binding Properties. Chemistry 2019; 25:16088-16098. [PMID: 31523866 PMCID: PMC6973281 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A series of new 5-mono- and 5,5'-bisamino-substituted azothiazole derivatives was synthesized from the readily available diethyl azothiazole-4,4'-dicarboxylate. This reaction most likely comprises an initial Michael-type addition by the respective primary alkyl and aromatic amines at the carbon atom C5 of the substrate. Subsequently, the resulting intermediates are readily oxidized by molecular oxygen to afford the amino-substituted azothiazole derivatives. The latter exhibit remarkably red-shifted absorption bands (λabs =507-661 nm) with high molar extinction coefficients and show a strong positive solvatochromism. As revealed by spectrometric titrations and circular and linear dichroism studies, the water-soluble, bis-(dimethylaminopropylamino)-substituted azo dye associates with duplex DNA by formation of aggregates along the phosphate backbone at high ligand-DNA ratios (LDR) and by intercalation at low LDR, which also leads to a significant increase of the otherwise low emission intensity at 671 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phil M. Pithan
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, and Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and EngineeringUniversity of SiegenAdolf-Reichwein-Str. 257068SiegenGermany
| | - Christopher Kuhlmann
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, and Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and EngineeringUniversity of SiegenAdolf-Reichwein-Str. 257068SiegenGermany
| | - Carsten Engelhard
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, and Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and EngineeringUniversity of SiegenAdolf-Reichwein-Str. 257068SiegenGermany
| | - Heiko Ihmels
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, and Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and EngineeringUniversity of SiegenAdolf-Reichwein-Str. 257068SiegenGermany
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20
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Slavov C, Yang C, Heindl AH, Wegner HA, Dreuw A, Wachtveitl J. Thiophenylazobenzene: An Alternative Photoisomerization Controlled by Lone‐Pair⋅⋅⋅π Interaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201909739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chavdar Slavov
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Chong Yang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR) University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Andreas H. Heindl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Center for Materials Research (LaMa) Justus Liebig University Giessen Germany
| | - Hermann A. Wegner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Center for Materials Research (LaMa) Justus Liebig University Giessen Germany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR) University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Josef Wachtveitl
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Germany
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21
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Garcia-Amorós J, Maerz B, Reig M, Cuadrado A, Blancafort L, Samoylova E, Velasco D. Picosecond Switchable Azo Dyes. Chemistry 2019; 25:7726-7732. [PMID: 30924974 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Azo dyes that combine electron-withdrawing thiazole/benzothiazole heterocycles and electron-donating amino groups within the very same covalent skeleton exhibit relaxation times for their thermal isomerization kinetics within milli- and microsecond timescales at room temperature. Notably, the thermal back reaction of the corresponding benzothiazolium and thiazolium salts occurred much faster, within the picosecond temporal domain. In fact, these new light-sensitive platforms are the first molecular azo derivatives capable of reversible switching between their trans and cis isomers in a subnanosecond timescale under ambient conditions. In addition, theoretical calculations revealed very low activation energies for the isomerization process, in accordance with the fast subnanosecond kinetics that were observed experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Garcia-Amorós
- Grup de Materials Orgànics, Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, (Secció de Química Orgànica), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Benjamin Maerz
- Chair for BioMolecular Optics, Department of Physics, Ludwigs-Maximilians-University, Oettingenstrasse 67, 80538, Munich, Germany
| | - Marta Reig
- Grup de Materials Orgànics, Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, (Secció de Química Orgànica), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Cuadrado
- Grup de Materials Orgànics, Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, (Secció de Química Orgànica), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Blancafort
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus de Montilivi, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Elena Samoylova
- Chair for BioMolecular Optics, Department of Physics, Ludwigs-Maximilians-University, Oettingenstrasse 67, 80538, Munich, Germany
| | - Dolores Velasco
- Grup de Materials Orgànics, Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, (Secció de Química Orgànica), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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22
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Imperatore C, Scuotto M, Valadan M, Rivieccio E, Saide A, Russo A, Altucci C, Menna M, Ramunno A, Mayol L, Russo G, Varra M. Photo-control of cancer cell growth by benzodiazo N-substituted pyrrole derivatives. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Matada MN, Jathi K. A novel azo metal complexes of 5, 5, 7-trimethyl-4, 5, 6, 7-tetrahydro-1, 3-benzothiazol as potential pharmacological agents: Synthesis and spectroscopic characterization. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.11.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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25
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Filo J, Tisovský P, Csicsai K, Donovalová J, Gáplovský M, Gáplovský A, Cigáň M. Tautomeric photoswitches: anion-assisted azo/azine-to-hydrazone photochromism. RSC Adv 2019; 9:15910-15916. [PMID: 35521389 PMCID: PMC9064339 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02906k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The photoswitching behaviour of isatin 4-nitrophenylhydrazones in presence of anions was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juraj Filo
- Institute of Chemistry
- Faculty of Natural Sciences
- Comenius University
- SK-842 15 Bratislava
- Slovakia
| | - Pavol Tisovský
- Institute of Chemistry
- Faculty of Natural Sciences
- Comenius University
- SK-842 15 Bratislava
- Slovakia
| | - Klaudia Csicsai
- Institute of Chemistry
- Faculty of Natural Sciences
- Comenius University
- SK-842 15 Bratislava
- Slovakia
| | - Jana Donovalová
- Institute of Chemistry
- Faculty of Natural Sciences
- Comenius University
- SK-842 15 Bratislava
- Slovakia
| | - Martin Gáplovský
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Comenius University
- SK-832 32 Bratislava
- Slovakia
| | - Anton Gáplovský
- Institute of Chemistry
- Faculty of Natural Sciences
- Comenius University
- SK-842 15 Bratislava
- Slovakia
| | - Marek Cigáň
- Institute of Chemistry
- Faculty of Natural Sciences
- Comenius University
- SK-842 15 Bratislava
- Slovakia
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26
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Mallikarjuna N, Keshavayya J, Ravi B. Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, antimicrobial, antitubercular and DNA cleavage studies of 2-(1H-indol-3-yldiazenyl)-4, 5, 6, 7-tetrahydro-1, 3-benzothiazole and its metal complexes. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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27
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Rustler K, Mickert MJ, Nazet J, Merkl R, Gorris HH, König B. Development of photoswitchable inhibitors for β-galactosidase. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:7430-7437. [PMID: 30264846 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02122h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Azobenzenes are of particular interest as a photochromic scaffold for biological applications because of their high fatigue resistance, their large geometrical change between extended (trans) and bent (cis) isomer, and their diverse synthetic accessibility. Despite their wide-spread use, there is no reported photochromic inhibitor of the well-investigated enzyme β-galactosidase, which plays an important role for biochemistry and single molecule studies. Herein, we report the synthesis of photochromic competitive β-galactosidase inhibitors based on the molecular structure of 2-phenylethyl β-d-thiogalactoside (PETG) and 1-amino-1-deoxy-β-d-galactose (β-d-galactosylamine). The thermally highly stable PETG-based azobenzenes show excellent photochromic properties in polar solvents and moderate to high photostationary states (PSS). The optimized compound 37 is a strong competitive inhibitior of β-galactosidase from Escherichia coli and its inhibition constant (Ki) changes between 60 nM and 290 nM upon irradiation with light. Additional docking experiments supported the observed structure-activity relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Rustler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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28
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Abstract
In this paper we elaborate on recently developed molecular switch architectures and how these new systems can help with the realization of new functions and advancement of artificial molecular machines. Progress in chemically and photoinduced switches and motors is summarized and contextualized such that the reader may gain an appreciation for the novel tools that have come about in the past decade. Many of these systems offer distinct advantages over commonly employed switches, including improved fidelity, addressability, and robustness. Thus, this paper serves as a jumping-off point for researchers seeking new switching motifs for specific applications, or ones that address the limitations of presently available systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared D Harris
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Mark J Moran
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Ivan Aprahamian
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755
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29
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Stricker L, Böckmann M, Kirse TM, Doltsinis NL, Ravoo BJ. Arylazopyrazole Photoswitches in Aqueous Solution: Substituent Effects, Photophysical Properties, and Host-Guest Chemistry. Chemistry 2018; 24:8639-8647. [PMID: 29601098 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Getting the green light! Substituted arylazopyrazoles (AAPs) have been investigated as supramolecular photoswitches in aqueous solution. Selective photostationary states (PSSs) and improved binding affinities to β-cyclodextrin have been determined. The experimental findings are supported by results from DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Stricker
- Organic Chemistry Institute and Center for Soft Nanoscience, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Marcus Böckmann
- Institute for Solid State Theory and Center for Multiscale Theory, & Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm Str. 10, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas M Kirse
- Organic Chemistry Institute and Center for Soft Nanoscience, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Nikos L Doltsinis
- Institute for Solid State Theory and Center for Multiscale Theory, & Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm Str. 10, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Bart Jan Ravoo
- Organic Chemistry Institute and Center for Soft Nanoscience, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
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30
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Čechová L, Kind J, Dračínský M, Filo J, Janeba Z, Thiele CM, Cigáň M, Procházková E. Photoswitching Behavior of 5-Phenylazopyrimidines: In Situ Irradiation NMR and Optical Spectroscopy Combined with Theoretical Methods. J Org Chem 2018; 83:5986-5998. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Čechová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 16610, Czech Republic
| | - Jonas Kind
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 16, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Martin Dračínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 16610, Czech Republic
| | - Juraj Filo
- Institute of Chemistry, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, Bratislava 84215, Slovakia
| | - Zlatko Janeba
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 16610, Czech Republic
| | - Christina M. Thiele
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 16, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Marek Cigáň
- Institute of Chemistry, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, Bratislava 84215, Slovakia
| | - Eliška Procházková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 16610, Czech Republic
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31
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Deprotonation or protonation: The coordination properties, crystal structures and spectra of cobalt (II) complex with 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-acenaphthequinol ligand. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.12.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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32
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Yin TT, Zhao ZX, Zhang HX. A theoretical study on the thermal cis–trans isomerization of azoheteroarene photoswitches. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj03095e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Azoheteroarene photoswitches exhibit superior properties and the thermal cis–trans isomerization processes are sensitive to the different substitution patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Yin
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Jilin University
- 130023 Changchun
| | - Zeng-Xia Zhao
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Jilin University
- 130023 Changchun
| | - Hong-Xing Zhang
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Jilin University
- 130023 Changchun
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33
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Pinto TV, Sousa CM, Sousa CAD, Aboelhassan MM, Peixoto AF, Pereira C, Coelho PJ, Freire C. A novel generation of hybrid photochromic vinylidene-naphthofuran silica nanoparticles through fine-tuning of surface chemistry. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:9076-9087. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01376k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid vinylidene-naphthofuran nanosilicas with fast and reversible photochromism under UV/sunlight were fabricated through fine-tuning of surface chemistry and a grafting process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia V. Pinto
- REQUIMTE/LAQV
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica
- Faculdade de Ciências
- Universidade do Porto
- 4169-007 Porto
| | - Céu M. Sousa
- Departamento de Química e CQ-VR
- Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro
- 5001-801 Vila Real
- Portugal
| | - Carlos A. D. Sousa
- REQUIMTE/LAQV
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica
- Faculdade de Ciências
- Universidade do Porto
- 4169-007 Porto
| | - Mohamed M. Aboelhassan
- REQUIMTE/LAQV
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica
- Faculdade de Ciências
- Universidade do Porto
- 4169-007 Porto
| | - Andreia F. Peixoto
- REQUIMTE/LAQV
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica
- Faculdade de Ciências
- Universidade do Porto
- 4169-007 Porto
| | - Clara Pereira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica
- Faculdade de Ciências
- Universidade do Porto
- 4169-007 Porto
| | - Paulo J. Coelho
- Departamento de Química e CQ-VR
- Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro
- 5001-801 Vila Real
- Portugal
| | - Cristina Freire
- REQUIMTE/LAQV
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica
- Faculdade de Ciências
- Universidade do Porto
- 4169-007 Porto
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34
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Wang YT, Liu XY, Cui G, Fang WH, Thiel W. Photoisomerization of Arylazopyrazole Photoswitches: Stereospecific Excited-State Relaxation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:14009-14013. [PMID: 27709760 PMCID: PMC5113807 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201607373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Electronic structure calculations and nonadiabatic dynamics simulations (more than 2000 trajectories) are used to explore the Z-E photoisomerization mechanism and excited-state decay dynamics of two arylazopyrazole photoswitches. Two chiral S1 /S0 conical intersections with associated enantiomeric S1 relaxation paths that are barrierless and efficient (timescale of ca. 50 fs) were found. For the parent arylazopyrazole (Z8) both paths contribute evenly to the S1 excited-state decay, whereas for the dimethyl derivative (Z11) each of the two chiral cis minima decays almost exclusively through one specific enantiomeric S1 relaxation path. To our knowledge, the Z11 arylazopyrazole is thus the first example for nearly stereospecific unidirectional excited-state relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Walter Thiel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
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35
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Wang YT, Liu XY, Cui G, Fang WH, Thiel W. Photoisomerization of Arylazopyrazole Photoswitches: Stereospecific Excited-State Relaxation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201607373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry; Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Beijing Normal University; Beijing 100875 China
| | - Xiang-Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry; Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Beijing Normal University; Beijing 100875 China
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry; Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Beijing Normal University; Beijing 100875 China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry; Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Beijing Normal University; Beijing 100875 China
| | - Walter Thiel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
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36
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Synthesis of π-conjugated systems bearing thiophene and pyrrole heterocycles through palladium catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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37
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Swaminathan S, Garcia-Amorós J, Thapaliya ER, Nonell S, Captain B, Raymo FM. Tuning the Activation Wavelength of Photochromic Oxazines. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:1852-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201600141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subramani Swaminathan
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry; University of Miami; 1301 Memorial Drive Florida 33146-0431 USA
| | - Jaume Garcia-Amorós
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry; University of Miami; 1301 Memorial Drive Florida 33146-0431 USA
- Grup de Materials Orgànics; Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB); Departament de Química Orgànica; Universitat de Barcelona; Martí i Franqués 1 E-08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Ek Raj Thapaliya
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry; University of Miami; 1301 Memorial Drive Florida 33146-0431 USA
| | - Santi Nonell
- Grup O'Enginyeria Molecular; Institut Químic de Sarrià; Universitat Ramón Llull; Via Augusta 390 E-08017 Barcelona Spain
| | - Burjor Captain
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry; University of Miami; 1301 Memorial Drive Florida 33146-0431 USA
| | - Françisco M. Raymo
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry; University of Miami; 1301 Memorial Drive Florida 33146-0431 USA
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38
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Cai J, Li Z, Qiu Y, OuYang Z, Lin W, Yang L, Feng W, Yu X, Dong W. The syntheses, structures and azo–hydrazone tautomeric studies of three triazole/tetrazole azo dyes. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj02539g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The azo–hydrazone tautomerism for three triazole/tetrazole azo dyes can be elucidated by 1H, 13C NMR and UV-vis spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Environmentally Functional Materials and Technology
- Guangzhou University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Zhixin Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Environmentally Functional Materials and Technology
- Guangzhou University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Yanxuan Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Environmentally Functional Materials and Technology
- Guangzhou University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Zhijian OuYang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Environmentally Functional Materials and Technology
- Guangzhou University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Wenning Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Environmentally Functional Materials and Technology
- Guangzhou University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Liu Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Environmentally Functional Materials and Technology
- Guangzhou University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Weijin Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Environmentally Functional Materials and Technology
- Guangzhou University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Xinwei Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Environmentally Functional Materials and Technology
- Guangzhou University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Wen Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Environmentally Functional Materials and Technology
- Guangzhou University
- Guangzhou
- China
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39
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Garcia-Amorós J, R. Castro MC, Coelho P, M. Raposo MM, Velasco D. Fastest non-ionic azo dyes and transfer of their thermal isomerisation kinetics into liquid-crystalline materials. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:5132-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc00403b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neutral azo dyes, based on push–pull bithienylpyrrole systems, exhibit thermal isomerisation rates as fast as 1.4 μs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Garcia-Amorós
- Grup de Materials Orgànics
- Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB)
- Departament de Química Orgànica
- Universitat de Barcelona
- Barcelona
| | | | - Paulo Coelho
- Centro de Química – Vila Real
- Universidade de Tras-os-Montes e Alto Douro
- 5001-801 Vila Real
- Portugal
| | | | - Dolores Velasco
- Grup de Materials Orgànics
- Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB)
- Departament de Química Orgànica
- Universitat de Barcelona
- Barcelona
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40
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Wang YG, Wang YH, Tao T, Qian HF, Huang W. Structural and spectral comparisons between isomeric benzisothiazole and benzothiazole based aromatic heterocyclic dyes. J Mol Struct 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2015.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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41
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Garcia-Amorós J, Reig M, Castro MCR, Cuadrado A, Raposo MMM, Velasco D. Molecular photo-oscillators based on highly accelerated heterocyclic azo dyes in nematic liquid crystals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 50:6704-6. [PMID: 24728417 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc01450b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Benzothiazole-pyrrole-based azo dyes greatly enhance their thermal isomerisation rate by up to 160 times when they are under the influence of the nematic mean field yielding the LC-based photochromic oscillators with the highest oscillation frequencies reported so far (2.6 kHz at 298 K).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Garcia-Amorós
- Grup de Materials Orgànics, Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Departament de Química Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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42
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Weston CE, Richardson RD, Haycock PR, White AJP, Fuchter MJ. Arylazopyrazoles: azoheteroarene photoswitches offering quantitative isomerization and long thermal half-lives. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:11878-81. [PMID: 25099917 DOI: 10.1021/ja505444d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Arylazopyrazoles, a novel class of five-membered azo photoswitches, offer quantitative photoswitching and high thermal stability of the Z isomer (half-lives of 10 and ∼1000 days). The conformation of the Z isomers of these compounds, and also the arylazopyrroles, is highly dependent on the substitution pattern on the heteroarene, allowing a twisted or planar geometry, which in turn has a significant impact on the electronic spectral properties of the compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E Weston
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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43
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Lygo ON, Shvydkii VO, Khodot EN, Ogurtsov VA, Kurkovskaya LN, Levina II, Nekipelova TD. Spectral and time-resolved properties of novel hetarylazo dyes containing hydrogenated quinolines and triazole moieties. HIGH ENERGY CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s0018143914040080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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