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das Mercês Pereira Ferreira A, de Matos JM, Silva LK, Viana JLM, Dos Santos Diniz Freitas M, de Amarante Júnior OP, Franco TCRDS, Brito NM. Assessing the spatiotemporal occurrence and ecological risk of antifouling biocides in a Brazilian estuary. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:3572-3581. [PMID: 38085476 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31286-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Diuron and Irgarol are common antifouling biocides used in paints to prevent the attachment and growth of fouling organisms on ship hulls and other submerged structures. Concerns about their toxicity to non-target aquatic organisms have led to various restrictions on their use in antifouling paints worldwide. Previous studies have shown the widespread presence of these substances in port areas along the Brazilian coast, with a concentration primarily in the southern part of the country. In this study, we conducted six sampling campaigns over the course of 1 year to assess the presence and associated risks of Diuron and Irgarol in water collected from areas under the influence of the Maranhão Port Complex in the Brazilian Northeast. Our results revealed the absence of Irgarol in the study area, irrespective of the sampling season and site. In contrast, the mean concentrations of Diuron varied between 2.0 ng L-1 and 34.1 ng L-1 and were detected at least once at each sampling site. We conducted a risk assessment of Diuron levels in this area using the risk quotient (RQ) method. Our findings indicated that Diuron levels at all sampling sites during at least one campaign yielded an RQ greater than 1, with a maximum of 22.7, classifying the risk as "high" based on the proposed risk classification. This study underscores the continued concern regarding the presence of antifouling biocides in significant ports and marinas in Brazilian ports, despite international bans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana das Mercês Pereira Ferreira
- Department of Chemistry, Campus São Luís - Monte Castelo, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Maranhão (IFMA), São Luís, MA, 65030-005, Brazil
| | - Jhuliana Monteiro de Matos
- Department of Chemistry, Campus São Luís - Monte Castelo, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Maranhão (IFMA), São Luís, MA, 65030-005, Brazil.
| | - Lanna Karinny Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Campus São Luís - Monte Castelo, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Maranhão (IFMA), São Luís, MA, 65030-005, Brazil
| | - José Lucas Martins Viana
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química, P.O. Box 6154, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Marta Dos Santos Diniz Freitas
- Postgraduate Program in Technological and Environmental Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Ozelito Possidônio de Amarante Júnior
- Department of Chemistry, Campus São Luís - Monte Castelo, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Maranhão (IFMA), São Luís, MA, 65030-005, Brazil
- Institute of Oceanography, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | | | - Natilene Mesquita Brito
- Department of Chemistry, Campus São Luís - Monte Castelo, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Maranhão (IFMA), São Luís, MA, 65030-005, Brazil
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Wang J, Zhang C, Zhao R, Wang P, Jin M, Xu J. Antioxidant N-acetylcysteine removing ROS: an antifouling strategy inspired by mussels. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2023; 25:1962-1973. [PMID: 37859626 DOI: 10.1039/d3em00191a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Marine biofouling is a thorny issue that causes serious economic losses and adverse ecological impacts on marine ecosystems. Effective and promising antifouling strategies such as surface hydration, flow shear force, and lubricant injection have been developed to address this challenge. However, for the complex marine environment, they still appear inadequate. Mussels are a common fouling organism with strong surface adhesion ability. However, when hypoxia and the oxidative cross-linking reaction of 3,4-dihydroxy phenyl-L-alanine (DOPA) in the structure of adhesion proteins are disrupted, their adhesion ability will be greatly reduced. Inspired by this, we developed an effective antifouling strategy based on reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging using N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and evaluated its performance. As a ROS scavenger interfered with the oxidative cross-linking reaction of DOPA in an aqueous solution, the adhesion of DOPA was also affected on the surface of NAC functionalized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) (PVC-NAC). In addition, the colonization level of mussels and the adhesion rate of marine bacteria and benthic diatoms on PVC-NAC were low. The antifouling strategy proposed in this paper was eco-friendly and broad-spectrum, and may provide a new idea for solving marine biofouling and reducing the environmental and economic impacts of fouling organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jine Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, P. R. China.
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, P. R. China.
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, P. R. China.
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, P. R. China.
| | - Meihua Jin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, P. R. China.
| | - Jiujun Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, P. R. China.
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Luo HW, Lin M, Bai XX, Xu B, Li M, Ding JJ, Hong WJ, Guo LH. Water quality criteria derivation and tiered ecological risk evaluation of antifouling biocides in marine environment. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 187:114500. [PMID: 36586200 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study provides a comprehensive compilation of published toxicological and environmental data further used to assess the ecological risks of six antifouling biocides, including tributyltin (TBT), Irgarol 1051, Diuron, Chlorothalonil, 4,5-Dichloro-N-octyl-3(2H)-isothiazolone (DCOIT), and Dichlofluanid. The standard maximum concentration and standard continuous concentration of antifouling biocides were derived by the species susceptibility distribution method. Following that, the ecological risk assessment of antifouling biocides in the aquatic environment was conducted using the hazard quotient, margin of safety, joint probability curve, and Monte Carlo random sampling method. The following is a concise list of the antifouling biocide dangers associated with acute and chronic risks: Irgarol 1051 > TBT > Diuron > DCOIT > Chlorothalonil > Dichlofluanid. It is strongly advised that systematic and ongoing monitoring of these biocides in coastal areas take place, as well as the creation of acceptable and efficient environmental protection measures, to safeguard the coastal environment's services and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Wei Luo
- College of Quality and Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Min Lin
- Hangzhou Jiasu Environmental Monitoring Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311199, China
| | - Xin-Xin Bai
- Hangzhou Jiasu Environmental Monitoring Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311199, China
| | - Bin Xu
- College of Quality and Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Minjie Li
- College of Quality and Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Jin-Jian Ding
- College of Quality and Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China; Institute of Environmental and Health Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Wen-Jun Hong
- College of Quality and Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China; Institute of Environmental and Health Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China.
| | - Liang-Hong Guo
- College of Quality and Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China; Institute of Environmental and Health Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China.
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Varello R, Wetzel MA, Cima F. Two facets of geotextiles in coastal ecosystems: Anti- or profouling effects? MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 170:105414. [PMID: 34273865 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nonwoven geotextile fabrics have physical, mechanical and hydraulic properties useful in coastal protection as an alternative to natural stone, slag, and concrete. In a 10-month experiment, the colonisation of macrofouling organisms on different substrata based on polypropylene (PP), polyester (PET) or high density polyethylene (HDPE) fibres was investigated in the Lagoon of Venice, Italy - an environment with temperate transitional waters with high biodiversity - and compared with the colonisation on wood as a reference substratum, because of its occurrence in artificial structures at the study location, until a stable stage was reached in the development of the macrofouling community. Geotextile fabrics showed implications for community development. They affected both ecological succession in different ways by disturbing biofouling settlement and growth (HDPE fabrics) or favouring species which become dominant (PP fabrics). For these two-faceted aspects that potentially cause different long-term impacts on the biodiversity of resident communities, the use of geotextile fabrics as antifouling or as profouling systems for restoration of degraded ecosystems is discussed. In all cases, the communities displayed unique properties, such as differences in the settlement of pioneer species, an initial disturbance to serpulid settlement, absence of barnacles, selection of dominant taxa (ascidians), and changes in the percentages of various taxa forming the community structure. Given the increasing interest in geotextile materials for employment in various marine developments and industries, these results could represent first lines of evidence to inform decision-making to minimise/modify biofouling, and/or predict the use of artificial substrata as habitats by marine organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Varello
- Laboratory of Ascidian Biology, Department of Biology (DiBio), University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Markus A Wetzel
- Department of Animal Ecology, German Federal Institute of Hydrology - BfG, Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068, Koblenz, Germany; Institute for Integrated Natural Sciences, University of Koblenz - Landau, Universitätsstrasse 1, 56070, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Francesca Cima
- Laboratory of Ascidian Biology, Department of Biology (DiBio), University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy.
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Pileggi M, Pileggi SA, Sadowsky MJ. Herbicide bioremediation: from strains to bacterial communities. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05767. [PMID: 33392402 PMCID: PMC7773584 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
There is high demand for herbicides based on the necessity to increase crop production to satisfy world-wide demands. Nevertheless, there are negative impacts of herbicide use, manifesting as selection for resistant weeds, production of toxic metabolites from partial degradation of herbicides, changes in soil microbial communities and biogeochemical cycles, alterations in plant nutrition and soil fertility, and persistent environmental contamination. Some herbicides damage non-target microorganisms via directed interference with host metabolism and via oxidative stress mechanisms. For these reasons, it is necessary to identify sustainable, efficient methods to mitigate these environmental liabilities. Before the degradation process can be initiated by microbial enzymes and metabolic pathways, microorganisms need to tolerate the oxidative stresses caused by the herbicides themselves. This can be achieved via a complex system of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidative stress systems. Many of these response systems are not herbicide specific, but rather triggered by a variety of substances. Collectively, these nonspecific response systems enhance the survival and fitness potential of microorganisms. Biodegradation studies and remediation approaches have relied on individually selected strains to effectively remediate herbicides in the environment. Nevertheless, it has been shown that microbial communication systems that modulate social relationships and metabolic pathways inside biofilm structures among microorganisms are complex; therefore, use of isolated strains for xenobiotic degradation needs to be enhanced using a community-based approach with biodegradation pathway integration. Bioremediation efforts can use omics-based technologies to gain a deeper understanding of the molecular complexes of bacterial communities to achieve to more efficient elimination of xenobiotics. With this knowledge, the possibility of altering microbial communities is increased to improve the potential for bioremediation without causing other environmental impacts not anticipated by simpler approaches. The understanding of microbial community dynamics in free-living microbiota and those present in complex communities and in biofilms is paramount to achieving these objectives. It is also essential that non-developed countries, which are major food producers and consumers of pesticides, have access to these techniques to achieve sustainable production, without causing impacts through unknown side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Pileggi
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Biological Science and Health Institute, Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, and Genetics, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Sônia A.V. Pileggi
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Biological Science and Health Institute, Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, and Genetics, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Michael J. Sadowsky
- The Biotechnology Institute, Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
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Quintas PY, Alvarez MB, Arias AH, Garrido M, Marcovecchio JE. Spatiotemporal distribution of organotin compounds in the coastal water of the Bahía Blanca estuary (Argentina). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:7601-7613. [PMID: 30659490 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04181-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Several areas within the Bahía Blanca estuary (BBE), with different maritime traffic intensity, were studied in order to confirm the presence and assess the distribution of tributyltin (TBT), dibutyltin (DBT), and monobutyltin (MBT) in the water column. The organotin compounds (OTCs) were determined in the water samples-taken in summer, autumn, winter, and spring of 2014-by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry after liquid-liquid extraction with hexane. The incidence of TBT throughout the whole sampling period indicated a continuous presence of this compound to the study area. However, in accordance with the butyltin degradation index (BDI), TBT was not recently introduced in the BBE. Furthermore, the average TBT levels exceeded the international guideline established by the Oslo-Paris commission (0.62 ng Sn L-1). As a result, certain biological effects could be expected to occur in sensitive species such as mussels. While DBT were below the detection limit in the 75% of the samples analyzed, MBT was detected in all the samples and no significant differences were found among the concentrations measured in the different seasons (Kruskal-Wallis test, p > 0.05). In addition, no correlations were found among the OTCs levels and the evaluated physiochemical parameters (Spearman coefficient, p > 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Y Quintas
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
- Laboratorio de Química Analítica para Investigación y Desarrollo (QUIANID), Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas (ICB), UNCUYO-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, J. Contreras 1300, 5500, Mendoza, Argentina.
| | - Mónica B Alvarez
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- Instituto de Química del Sur (INQUISUR), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Andrés H Arias
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Mariano Garrido
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- Instituto de Química del Sur (INQUISUR), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Jorge E Marcovecchio
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional (UTN)-FRBB, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- Universidad de la Fraternidad de Agrupaciones Santo Tomás de Aquino (FASTA), Mar del Plata, Argentina
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Giardina A, Tampieri F, Marotta E, Paradisi C. Air non-thermal plasma treatment of Irgarol 1051 deposited on TiO 2. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 210:653-661. [PMID: 30031349 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The herbicide 2-(methylthio)-4-(tert-butylamino)-6-(cyclopropylamino)-s-triazine (tradename Irgarol 1051, abbreviated here as Irg), widely used in antifouling paints as biocide inhibiting seaweeds growth, is found in coastal waters in the vicinity of ports and harbors. In this work, Irg was subjected to air non-thermal plasma (NTP) treatment, alone and in the presence of TiO2. A dielectric barrier discharge reactor was used, powered by AC voltage (18 kV, 50 Hz) to produce air-NTP directly above the surface of the aqueous Irg solution to be treated. Due to the very fast degradation of Irg occurring under the experimental conditions used, the results of kinetic experiments failed to detect any rate enhancement due to titania induced photodegradation. We show, however, that pre-adsorption of Irg on titania provides a means to significantly increase Irg NTP-induced degradation throughput, a result which might have useful practical consequences. It is concluded that this phenomenon is due to the acidic character of TiO2 which brings more Irg in solution by increasing the value of the ionization ratio, [IrgH+]/[Irg]. Product analysis, performed by LC/ESI-MSn, allowed us to detect and identify numerous intermediates of Irg degradation and to propose different competing reaction pathways for the investigated NTP induced Irg advanced oxidation process. The extent of mineralization to CO2 was assessed by Total Carbon analysis. It was found to reach 95% after 5 h treatment of Irg solutions with an initial concentration of 5·10-6 M. These results confirm the capability of our NTP prototype reactor to mineralize persistent organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Giardina
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Tampieri
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Ester Marotta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Cristina Paradisi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Manzo S, Schiavo S, Aleksi P, Tabaku A. Application of a toxicity test battery integrated index for a first screening of the ecotoxicological threat posed by ports and harbors in the southern Adriatic Sea (Italy). ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2014; 186:7127-7139. [PMID: 25012145 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-014-3915-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Ports and harbors may represent a threat for coastal ecosystems due to pollutant inputs, especially those derived from maritime activities. In this study, we report a first assessment of the ecotoxicological threat posed by six ports and harbors of opposite coastal regions, Apulia and Albania, in the southern Adriatic Sea (Italy). A bioassay battery consisting of four different species representing different trophic levels, algae Dunaliella tertiolecta, bacteria Vibrio fischeri, crustacean Artemia salina, and echinoids Paracentrotus lividus, has been used to assess sediment elutriates, pore waters, and sediment suspensions. Two different approaches of toxicity data integration, worst case and integrated index, have been used to determine the most appropriate procedure for the investigated sites. All sites with the worst case approach showed high toxicity levels. The chronic test with algae was the most sensitive identifying the highest effects in the battery. This effect can be attributable to contaminants derived from antifouling paints. The sediments, evaluated with V. fischeri test, often showed toxicity not found in the aqueous matrices of the same sites and that can be mainly linked to organic compounds. The test battery used in this study allowed us to perform a preliminary screening of the ecotoxicological risk of the studied area. In fact, the species utilized for toxicity tests responded differently to the investigated samples, showing different sensitivity. The test battery integrated index did not allow highlighting the differences among the sites and showed a general high ecotoxicological risk. A larger number of tests with higher sensitivity together with a tailored attribution of weights to endpoints and matrices will improve the final site evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Manzo
- Enea CR Portici, P. le E. Fermi, 1, 80055-Portici, Naples, Italy,
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