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Cheng YW, Hsieh YC, Sun YS, Wang YH, Yang YW, Lo KY. Using microfluidic and conventional platforms to evaluate the effects of lanthanides on spheroid formation. Toxicology 2024; 508:153931. [PMID: 39222830 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Metastasis contributes to the increased mortality rate of cancer, but the intricate mechanisms remain unclear. Cancer cells from a primary tumor invade nearby tissues and access the lymphatic or circulatory system. If these cells manage to survive and extravasate from the vasculature into distant tissues and ultimately adapt to survive, they will proliferate and facilitate malignant tumor formation. Traditional two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures offer a rapid and convenient method for validating the efficacy of anticancer drugs within a reasonable cost range, but their utility is limited because of tumors' high heterogeneity in vivo and spatial complexities. Three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures that mimic the physiological conditions of cancer cells in vivo have gained considerable interest. In these cultures, cells assemble into spheroids through gravity, magnetic forces, or their low-adhesion to the plates. Although these approaches address some of the limitations of 2D cultures, they often require a considerable amount of time and cost. Therefore, this study aims to enhance the effectiveness of 3D culture techniques by using microfluidic systems to provide a high-throughput and sensitive pipeline for drug screening. Using these systems, we studied the effects of lanthanide elements, which have garnered interest in cancer treatment, on spheroid formation and cell spreading. Our findings suggest that these elements alter the compactness of cell spheroids and decrease cell mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Cheng
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University Taipei City 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Hsieh
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University Taipei City 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Shin Sun
- Department of Physics, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsun Wang
- Department of Physics, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Yang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City 100225, Taiwan.
| | - Kai-Yin Lo
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University Taipei City 10617, Taiwan.
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2
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Priyanka, Maiti S. Probing Phoretic Transport of Oxidative Enzyme-Bound Zn(II)-Metallomicelle in Adenosine Triphosphate Gradient via a Spatially Relocated Biocatalytic Zone. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:18906-18916. [PMID: 39189920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Although cellular transport machinery is mostly ATP-driven and ATPase-dependent, there has been a recent surge in understanding colloidal transport processes relying on a nonspecific physical interaction with biologically significant small molecules. Herein, we probe the phoretic behavior of a biocolloid [composed of a Zn(II)-coordinated metallomicelle and enzymes horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and glucose oxidase (GOx)] when exposed to a concentration gradient of ATP under microfluidic conditions. Simultaneously, we demonstrate that an ATP-independent oxidative biocatalytic product formation zone can be modulated in the presence of a (glucose + ATP) gradient. We report that both directionality and extent of transport can be tuned by changing the concentration of the ATP gradient. This diffusiophoretic mobility of a submicrometer biocolloidal object for the spatial transposition of a biocatalytic zone signifies the ATP-mediated functional transportation without the involvement of ATPase. Additionally, the ability to analyze colloidal transport in microfluidic channels using an enzymatic fluorescent product-forming reaction could be a new nanobiotechnological tool for understanding transport and spatial catalytic patterning processes. We believe that this result will inspire further studies for the realization of elusive biological transport processes and target-specific delivery vehicles, considering the omnipresence of the ATP-gradient across the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Knowledge City, Manauli 140306, India
| | - Subhabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Knowledge City, Manauli 140306, India
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3
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Pardeshi S, Shede P. A Novel Device and Method for Assay of Bacterial Chemotaxis Towards Chemoattractants. Indian J Microbiol 2024; 64:990-999. [PMID: 39282202 PMCID: PMC11399546 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-024-01194-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Capillary assemblies and microfluidic devices used for bacterial chemotaxis assays have certain inherent limitations. This opens opportunities for innovation in the area. The present study describes an innovative economical device called chemotaxis plate and also a method to use this device for chemotaxis assay. Two type cultures, Pseudomonas putida MCC 2989 and Bacillus subtilis MCC 2049, chemotactic to L-aspartate, were used to validate the new device and establish the protocol for assay. 100 to 1000 fold higher number of cells were recovered in presence of chemoattractant as compared to control (p < 0.05). This novel assay technique showed 100% sensitivity and 99.21% specificity for chemotaxis assay of Pseudomonas putida MCC 2989 towards 3 mM L-aspartate over 50 min assay time. The device was also used to isolate bacteria chemotactic to caffeine directly from environmental samples. Very high chemotaxis response indices were reported for the first-time using chemotaxis plate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheetal Pardeshi
- Department of Microbiology, PES Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce (Autonomous), Shivajinagar, Pune, 411005 India
- Department of Microbiology, MES Abasaheb Garware College (Autonomous), Karve Road, Pune, 411004 India
| | - Prafulla Shede
- Department of Microbiology, MES Abasaheb Garware College (Autonomous), Karve Road, Pune, 411004 India
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4
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Ren J, Chen W, Zhong Z, Wang N, Chen X, Yang H, Li J, Tang P, Fan Y, Lin F, Bai C, Wu J. Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid from Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients Increases Neutrophil Chemotaxis Measured by a Microfluidic Platform. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1740. [PMID: 37763903 PMCID: PMC10537285 DOI: 10.3390/mi14091740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a persistent and progressive respiratory disorder characterized by expiratory airflow limitation caused by chronic inflammation. Evidence has shown that COPD is correlated with neutrophil chemotaxis towards the airways, resulting in neutrophilic airway inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate neutrophil chemotaxis in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from COPD patients using a high-throughput nine-unit microfluidic platform and explore the possible correlations between neutrophil migratory dynamics and COPD development. The results showed that BALF from COPD patients induced stronger neutrophil chemotaxis than the Control BALF. Our results also showed that the chemotactic migration of neutrophils isolated from the blood of COPD patients was not significantly different from neutrophils from healthy controls, and neutrophil migration in three known chemoattractants (fMLP, IL-8, and LTB4) was not affected by glucocorticoid treatment. Moreover, comparison with clinical data showed a trend of a negative relationship between neutrophil migration chemotactic index (C. I.) in COPD BALF and patient's spirometry data, suggesting a potential correlation between neutrophil migration and the severity of COPD. The present study demonstrated the feasibility of using the microfluidic platform to assess neutrophil chemotaxis in COPD pathogenesis, and it may serve as a potential marker for COPD evaluation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Ren
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wenfang Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhicheng Zhong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ping Tang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yanping Fan
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Francis Lin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Changqing Bai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jiandong Wu
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Tanaka D, Ishihara J, Takahashi H, Kobayashi M, Miyazaki A, Kajiya S, Fujita R, Maekawa N, Yamazaki Y, Takaya A, Nakamura Y, Furuya M, Sekiguchi T, Shoji S. High-Efficiency Single-Cell Containment Microdevices Based on Fluid Control. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:mi14051027. [PMID: 37241650 DOI: 10.3390/mi14051027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a comb-shaped microfluidic device that can efficiently trap and culture a single cell (bacterium). Conventional culture devices have difficulty in trapping a single bacterium and often use a centrifuge to push the bacterium into the channel. The device developed in this study can store bacteria in almost all growth channels using the flowing fluid. In addition, chemical replacement can be performed in a few seconds, making this device suitable for culture experiments with resistant bacteria. The storage efficiency of microbeads that mimic bacteria was significantly improved from 0.2% to 84%. We used simulations to investigate the pressure loss in the growth channel. The pressure in the growth channel of the conventional device was more than 1400 PaG, whereas that of the new device was less than 400 PaG. Our microfluidic device was easily fabricated by a soft microelectromechanical systems method. The device was highly versatile and can be applied to various bacteria, such as Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Tanaka
- Research Organization for Nano & Life Innovation, Waseda University, 513 Waseda Tsurumakicho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan
| | - Junichi Ishihara
- Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-0856, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takahashi
- Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-0856, Japan
- Molecular Chirality Research Center, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
- Plant Molecular Science Center, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Masashi Kobayashi
- School of Fundamental Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shin-juku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Aya Miyazaki
- School of Fundamental Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shin-juku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Satsuki Kajiya
- School of Fundamental Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shin-juku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Risa Fujita
- Research Organization for Nano & Life Innovation, Waseda University, 513 Waseda Tsurumakicho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan
| | - Naoki Maekawa
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Yuriko Yamazaki
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Dermatology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
- Cutaneous Allergy and Host Defense, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akiko Takaya
- Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-0856, Japan
- Plant Molecular Science Center, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Yuumi Nakamura
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Cutaneous Allergy and Host Defense, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masahiro Furuya
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Sekiguchi
- Research Organization for Nano & Life Innovation, Waseda University, 513 Waseda Tsurumakicho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan
| | - Shuichi Shoji
- School of Fundamental Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shin-juku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
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Carrasco-Mantis A, Randelovic T, Castro-Abril H, Ochoa I, Doblaré M, Sanz-Herrera JA. A mechanobiological model for tumor spheroid evolution with application to glioblastoma: A continuum multiphysics approach. Comput Biol Med 2023; 159:106897. [PMID: 37105112 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.106897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spheroids are in vitro quasi-spherical structures of cell aggregates, eventually cultured within a hydrogel matrix, that are used, among other applications, as a technological platform to investigate tumor formation and evolution. Several interesting features can be replicated using this methodology, such as cell communication mechanisms, the effect of gradients of nutrients, or the creation of realistic 3D biological structures. The main objective of this work is to link the spheroid evolution with the mechanical activity of cells, coupled with nutrient consumption and the subsequent cell dynamics. METHOD We propose a continuum mechanobiological model which accounts for the most relevant phenomena that take place in tumor spheroid evolution under in vitro suspension, namely, nutrient diffusion in the spheroid, kinetics of cellular growth and death, and mechanical interactions among the cells. The model is qualitatively validated, after calibration of the model parameters, versus in vitro experiments of spheroids of different glioblastoma cell lines. RESULTS Our model is able to explain in a novel way quite different setups, such as spheroid growth (up to six times the initial configuration for U-87 MG cell line) or shrinking (almost half of the initial configuration for U-251 MG cell line); as the result of the mechanical interplay of cells driven by cellular evolution. CONCLUSIONS Glioblastoma tumor spheroid evolution is driven by mechanical interactions of the cell aggregate and the dynamical evolution of the cell population. All this information can be used to further investigate mechanistic effects in the evolution of tumors and their role in cancer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Teodora Randelovic
- Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Spain; Aragón Institute of Health Research (IIS), Spain
| | - Héctor Castro-Abril
- Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Spain; Aragón Institute of Health Research (IIS), Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain
| | - Ignacio Ochoa
- Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Spain; Aragón Institute of Health Research (IIS), Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain
| | - Manuel Doblaré
- Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Spain; Aragón Institute of Health Research (IIS), Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain
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7
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Movilla N, Gonçalves IG, Borau C, García-Aznar JM. A novel integrated experimental and computational approach to unravel fibroblast motility in response to chemical gradients in 3D collagen matrices. Integr Biol (Camb) 2022; 14:212-227. [PMID: 36756930 DOI: 10.1093/intbio/zyad002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblasts play an essential role in tissue repair and regeneration as they migrate to wounded areas to secrete and remodel the extracellular matrix. Fibroblasts recognize chemical substances such as growth factors, which enhance their motility towards the wounded tissues through chemotaxis. Although several studies have characterized single-cell fibroblast motility before, the migration patterns of fibroblasts in response to external factors have not been fully explored in 3D environments. We present a study that combines experimental and computational efforts to characterize the effect of chemical stimuli on the invasion of 3D collagen matrices by fibroblasts. Experimentally, we used microfluidic devices to create chemical gradients using collagen matrices of distinct densities. We evaluated how cell migration patterns were affected by the presence of growth factors and the mechanical properties of the matrix. Based on these results, we present a discrete-based computational model to simulate cell motility, which we calibrated through the quantitative comparison of experimental and computational data via Bayesian optimization. By combining these approaches, we predict that fibroblasts respond to both the presence of chemical factors and their spatial location. Furthermore, our results show that the presence of these chemical gradients could be reproduced by our computational model through increases in the magnitude of cell-generated forces and enhanced cell directionality. Although these model predictions require further experimental validation, we propose that our framework can be applied as a tool that takes advantage of experimental data to guide the calibration of models and predict which mechanisms at the cellular level may justify the experimental findings. Consequently, these new insights may also guide the design of new experiments, tailored to validate the variables of interest identified by the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nieves Movilla
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Multiscale in Mechanical and Biological Engineering, Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50018, Spain
| | - Inês G Gonçalves
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Multiscale in Mechanical and Biological Engineering, Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50018, Spain
| | - Carlos Borau
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Multiscale in Mechanical and Biological Engineering, Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50018, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel García-Aznar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Multiscale in Mechanical and Biological Engineering, Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50018, Spain
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8
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Gharib G, Bütün İ, Muganlı Z, Kozalak G, Namlı İ, Sarraf SS, Ahmadi VE, Toyran E, van Wijnen AJ, Koşar A. Biomedical Applications of Microfluidic Devices: A Review. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1023. [PMID: 36421141 PMCID: PMC9688231 DOI: 10.3390/bios12111023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Both passive and active microfluidic chips are used in many biomedical and chemical applications to support fluid mixing, particle manipulations, and signal detection. Passive microfluidic devices are geometry-dependent, and their uses are rather limited. Active microfluidic devices include sensors or detectors that transduce chemical, biological, and physical changes into electrical or optical signals. Also, they are transduction devices that detect biological and chemical changes in biomedical applications, and they are highly versatile microfluidic tools for disease diagnosis and organ modeling. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the significant advances that have been made in the development of microfluidics devices. We will discuss the function of microfluidic devices as micromixers or as sorters of cells and substances (e.g., microfiltration, flow or displacement, and trapping). Microfluidic devices are fabricated using a range of techniques, including molding, etching, three-dimensional printing, and nanofabrication. Their broad utility lies in the detection of diagnostic biomarkers and organ-on-chip approaches that permit disease modeling in cancer, as well as uses in neurological, cardiovascular, hepatic, and pulmonary diseases. Biosensor applications allow for point-of-care testing, using assays based on enzymes, nanozymes, antibodies, or nucleic acids (DNA or RNA). An anticipated development in the field includes the optimization of techniques for the fabrication of microfluidic devices using biocompatible materials. These developments will increase biomedical versatility, reduce diagnostic costs, and accelerate diagnosis time of microfluidics technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazaleh Gharib
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Centre (SUNUM), Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano Diagnostics (EFSUN), Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - İsmail Bütün
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Zülâl Muganlı
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Gül Kozalak
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano Diagnostics (EFSUN), Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - İlayda Namlı
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | | | | | - Erçil Toyran
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Andre J. van Wijnen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Ali Koşar
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Centre (SUNUM), Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano Diagnostics (EFSUN), Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Turkish Academy of Sciences (TÜBA), Çankaya, Ankara 06700, Turkey
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9
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Liu Y, Ren X, Wu J, Wilkins JA, Lin F. T Cells Chemotaxis Migration Studies with a Multi-Channel Microfluidic Device. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1567. [PMID: 36295920 PMCID: PMC9611841 DOI: 10.3390/mi13101567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Immune surveillance is dependent on lymphocyte migration and targeted recruitment. This can involve different modes of cell motility ranging from random walk to highly directional environment-guided migration driven by chemotaxis. This study protocol describes a flow-based microfluidic device to perform quantitative multiplex cell migration assays with the potential to investigate in real time the migratory response of T cells at the population or single-cell level. The device also allows for subsequent in situ fixation and direct fluorescence analysis of the cells in the microchannel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, 30A Sifton Rd, 301 Allen Bldg, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Xiaoou Ren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, 30A Sifton Rd, 301 Allen Bldg, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Jiandong Wu
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - John A. Wilkins
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, University of Manitoba and Health Sciences Centre, 799 JBRC, 715 McDermot Ave, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Francis Lin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, 30A Sifton Rd, 301 Allen Bldg, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
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10
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Ren J, Wang N, Guo P, Fan Y, Lin F, Wu J. Recent advances in microfluidics-based cell migration research. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:3361-3376. [PMID: 35993877 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00397j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cell migration is crucial for many biological processes, including normal development, immune response, and tissue homeostasis and many pathological processes such as cancer metastasis and wound healing. Microfluidics has revolutionized the research in cell migration since its inception as it reduces the cost of studies and allows precise manipulation of different parameters that affect cell migratory response. Over the past decade, the field has made great strides in many directions, such as techniques for better control of the cellular microenvironment, application-oriented physiological-like models, and machine-assisted cell image analysis methods. Here we review recent developments in the field of microfluidic cell migration through the following aspects: 1) the co-culture models for studying host-pathogen interactions at single-cell resolution; 2) the spatiotemporal manipulation of the chemical gradients guiding cell migration; 3) the organ-on-chip models to study cell transmigration; and 4) the deep learning image processing strategies for cell migration data analysis. We further discuss the challenges, possible improvement and future perspectives of using microfluidic techniques to study cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Ren
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Ning Wang
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Piao Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yanping Fan
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Francis Lin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Jiandong Wu
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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11
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Choi Y, Sunkara V, Lee Y, Cho YK. Exhausted mature dendritic cells exhibit a slower and less persistent random motility but retain chemotaxis against CCL19. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:377-386. [PMID: 34927189 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00876e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs), which are immune sentinels in the peripheral tissues, play a number of roles, including patrolling for pathogens, internalising antigens, transporting antigens to the lymph nodes (LNs), interacting with T cells, and secreting cytokines. The well-coordinated migration of DCs under various immunological or inflammatory conditions is therefore essential to ensure an effective immune response. Upon maturation, DCs migrate faster and more persistently than immature DCs (iDCs), which is believed to facilitate CCR7-dependent chemotaxis. It has been reported that lipopolysaccharide-activated DCs produce IL-12 only transiently, and become resistant to further stimulation through exhaustion. However, little is known about the influence of DC exhaustion on cellular motility. Here, we studied the cellular migration of exhausted DCs in tissue-mimicked confined environments. We found that the speed of exhausted matured DCs (xmDCs) decreased significantly compared to active matured DCs (amDCs) and iDCs. In contrast, the speed fluctuation increased compared to that of amDCs and was similar to that of iDCs. In addition, the diffusivity of the xmDCs was significantly lower than that of the amDCs, which implies that DC exhaustion reduces the space exploration ability. Interestingly, CCR7-dependent chemotaxis against CCL19 in xmDCs was not considerably different from that observed in amDCs. Taken together, we report a unique intrinsic cell migration behaviour of xmDCs, which exhibit a slower, less persistent, and less diffusive random motility, which results in the DCs remaining at the site of infection, although a well-preserved CCR7-dependent chemotactic motility is maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Vijaya Sunkara
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeojin Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Kyoung Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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12
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Moon HR, Saha S, Mugler A, Han B. Signal processing capacity of the cellular sensory machinery regulates the accuracy of chemotaxis under complex cues. iScience 2021; 24:103242. [PMID: 34746705 PMCID: PMC8554535 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotaxis is ubiquitous in many biological processes, but it still remains elusive how cells sense and decipher multiple chemical cues. In this study, we postulate a hypothesis that the chemotactic performance of cells under complex cues is regulated by the signal processing capacity of the cellular sensory machinery. The underlying rationale is that cells in vivo should be able to sense and process multiple chemical cues, whose magnitude and compositions are entangled, to determine their migration direction. We experimentally show that the combination of transforming growth factor-β and epidermal growth factor suppresses the chemotactic performance of cancer cells using independent receptors to sense the two cues. Based on this observation, we develop a biophysical framework suggesting that the antagonism is caused by the saturation of the signal processing capacity but not by the mutual repression. Our framework suggests the significance of the signal processing capacity in the cellular sensory machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-ran Moon
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, 585 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Soutick Saha
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Andrew Mugler
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, 3941 O'Hara St, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Bumsoo Han
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, 585 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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13
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Microfabricated Devices for Confocal Microscopy on Biological Samples. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 34028712 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1402-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Microfabricated devices have found applications in a range of biomedical research problems in recent years, with thousands of research papers published and multiple commercial devices now available. This chapter is intended to provide an overview of the available options for devices compatible with confocal microscopy, including an overview of fabrication techniques and some examples of device use. Although there are times when off-the-shelf devices are well suited for the problem at hand, in some cases customized devices are necessary or more convenient. Protocols for researchers who wish to make their own devices are outlined below; although fabricating templates for devices requires some specialized equipment, making PDMS or hydrogel devices from templates can be done in a standard laboratory setting.
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14
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Liu W, Hu R, Han K, Sun M, Liu D, Zhang J, Wang J. Parallel and large-scale antitumor investigation using stable chemical gradient and heterotypic three-dimensional tumor coculture in a multi-layered microfluidic device. Biotechnol J 2021; 16:e2000655. [PMID: 34218506 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202000655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer has been responsible for a large number of human deaths in the 21st century. Establishing a controllable, biomimetic, and large-scale analytical platform to investigate the tumor-associated pathophysiological and preclinical events, such as oncogenesis and chemotherapy, is necessary. METHODS AND RESULTS This study presents antitumor investigation in a parallel, large-scale, and tissue-mimicking manner based on well-constructed chemical gradients and heterotypic three-dimensional (3D) tumor cocultures using a multifunction-integrated device. The integrated microfluidic device was engineered to produce a controllable and steady chemical gradient by manipulative optimization. Array-like and size-homogeneous production of heterotypic 3D tumor cocultures with in vivo-like features, including similar tumor-stromal composition and functional phenotypic gradients of metabolic activity and viability, was successfully established. Furthermore, temporal, parallel, and high-throughput analyses of tumor behaviors in different antitumor stimulations were performed in a device based on the integrated operations involving gradient generation and coculture. CONCLUSION This achievement holds great potential for applications in the establishment of multifunctional tumor platforms to perform tissue-biomimetic neoplastic research and therapy assessment in the fields of oncology, bioengineering, and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenming Liu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rui Hu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kai Han
- School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Meilin Sun
- School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dan Liu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jinwei Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jinyi Wang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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15
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Ren X, Getschman AE, Hwang S, Volkman BF, Klonisch T, Levin D, Zhao M, Santos S, Liu S, Cheng J, Lin F. Investigations on T cell transmigration in a human skin-on-chip (SoC) model. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:1527-1539. [PMID: 33616124 PMCID: PMC8058301 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc01194k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A microfluidics-based three-dimensional skin-on-chip (SoC) model is developed in this study to enable quantitative studies of transendothelial and transepithelial migration of human T lymphocytes in mimicked skin inflammatory microenvironments and to test new drug candidates. The keys results include 1) CCL20-dependent T cell transmigration is significantly inhibited by an engineered CCL20 locked dimer (CCL20LD), supporting the potential immunotherapeutic use of CCL20LD for treating skin diseases such as psoriasis; 2) transepithelial migration of T cells in response to a CXCL12 gradient mimicking T cell egress from the skin is significantly reduced by a sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) background, suggesting the role of S1P for T cell retention in inflamed skin tissues; and 3) T cell transmigration is induced by inflammatory cytokine stimulated epithelial cells in the SoC model. Collectively, the developed SoC model recreates a dynamic multi-cellular micro-environment that enables quantitative studies of T cell transmigration at a single cell level in response to physiological cutaneous inflammatory mediators and potential drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoou Ren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, 30A Sifton Rd, 301 Allen Bldg, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. and Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Anthony E Getschman
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Samuel Hwang
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95816, USA
| | - Brian F Volkman
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Thomas Klonisch
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - David Levin
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95816, USA and Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Susy Santos
- Victoria General Hospital, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2E8, Canada
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Jasmine Cheng
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, 30A Sifton Rd, 301 Allen Bldg, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Francis Lin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, 30A Sifton Rd, 301 Allen Bldg, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. and Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada and Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95816, USA and Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada
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Lu J, Dai B, Wang K, Long Y, Yang Z, Chen J, Huang S, Zheng L, Fu Y, Wan W, Zhuang S, Guan Y, Zhang D. High-Throughput Cell Trapping in the Dentate Spiral Microfluidic Channel. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12030288. [PMID: 33803303 PMCID: PMC8000121 DOI: 10.3390/mi12030288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cell trapping is a very useful technique in a variety of cell-based assays and cellular research fields. It requires a high-throughput, high-efficiency operation to isolate cells of interest and immobilize the captured cells at specific positions. In this study, a dentate spiral microfluidic structure is proposed for cell trapping. The structure consists of a main spiral channel connecting an inlet and an out and a large number of dentate traps on the side of the channel. The density of the traps is high. When a cell comes across an empty trap, the cell suddenly makes a turn and enters the trap. Once the trap captures enough cells, the trap becomes closed and the following cells pass by the trap. The microfluidic structure is optimized based on the investigation of the influence over the flow. In the demonstration, 4T1 mouse breast cancer cells injected into the chip can be efficiently captured and isolated in the different traps. The cell trapping operates at a very high flow rate (40 μL/s) and a high trapping efficiency (>90%) can be achieved. The proposed high-throughput cell-trapping technique can be adopted in the many applications, including rapid microfluidic cell-based assays and isolation of rare circulating tumor cells from a large volume of blood sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Lu
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (J.L.); (B.D.); (Y.L.); (J.C.); (S.H.); (L.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Bo Dai
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (J.L.); (B.D.); (Y.L.); (J.C.); (S.H.); (L.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Kan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Rd, Shanghai 200127, China; (K.W.); (W.W.)
| | - Yan Long
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (J.L.); (B.D.); (Y.L.); (J.C.); (S.H.); (L.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Zhuoqing Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, School of Electronics Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU), Shanghai 200240, China;
| | - Junyi Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (J.L.); (B.D.); (Y.L.); (J.C.); (S.H.); (L.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shaoqi Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (J.L.); (B.D.); (Y.L.); (J.C.); (S.H.); (L.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Lulu Zheng
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (J.L.); (B.D.); (Y.L.); (J.C.); (S.H.); (L.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Yongfeng Fu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China;
| | - Wenbin Wan
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Rd, Shanghai 200127, China; (K.W.); (W.W.)
| | - Songlin Zhuang
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (J.L.); (B.D.); (Y.L.); (J.C.); (S.H.); (L.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Yangtai Guan
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Rd, Shanghai 200127, China; (K.W.); (W.W.)
- Correspondence: (Y.G.); (D.Z.)
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (J.L.); (B.D.); (Y.L.); (J.C.); (S.H.); (L.Z.); (S.Z.)
- Correspondence: (Y.G.); (D.Z.)
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Chemotaxis-based smart drug delivery of epirubicin using a 3D printed microfluidic chip. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1162:122456. [PMID: 33296831 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments on self-propelled microdroplets, moving controllably in response to an external stimulus like chemical, electrical, or magnetic field, have opened a new horizon for smart drug delivery investigations. On the other hand, the new achievements in 3D printing technology has provided a promising option for the fabrication of microfluidic devices, which is an unrivalled platform for in-vitro drug delivery studies. By synergizing the features of chemotaxis, 3D printing, and microfluidic techniques a new approach was introduced to deliver the drug to targeted sites with a well-controlled method and a reasonable speed. A self-propelled ionic liquid ([P6,6,6,14][Cl]) microdroplet, as the drug carrier, was utilised for the targeted delivery of epirubicin anticancer drug within an integrated drug delivery microfluidic system. The asymmetric diffusion of [P6,6,6,14]+ ion from the microdroplet into an aqueous solution with chloride gradient concentration (created under an external electrical field) caused the microdroplet to move. The spatial and temporal position of the moving microdroplet could be controlled by changing the magnitude and polarity of the external electrical field. A piece of hollow-fiber, fixed next to the anode, was filled with phosphate buffer (as the receptor) and used to remove the drug from the carrier. The receptor solution was then taken and injected into a HPLC system for quantification of the released drug. After one-at-a-time optimization of the channel geometry and electrolyte concentration, the experimental variables affecting the drug loading including contact time, pH, and volume of carrier were optimized via a central composite design (CCD) approach.
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18
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Liu W, Liu D, Hu R, Huang Z, Sun M, Han K. An integrated microfluidic 3D tumor system for parallel and high-throughput chemotherapy evaluation. Analyst 2020; 145:6447-6455. [PMID: 33043931 DOI: 10.1039/d0an01229g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of a microplatform with multifunctional integration allowing the dynamic and high-throughput exploration of three-dimensional (3D) cultures is promising for biomedical research. Here, we introduce an integrated microfluidic 3D tumor system with pneumatic manipulation and chemical gradient generation to investigate anticancer therapy in a parallel, controllable, dynamic, and high-throughput manner. The stability of the microfluidic system to realize precise and long-term chemical gradient production was developed. Serial manipulations including active cell trapping, array-like tumor self-assembly and formation, reliable gradient generation, parallel multi-concentration drug stimulation, and real-time tumor analysis were achieved in a single microfluidic device. The microfluidic platform was demonstrated to be stable for high-throughput cell trapping and 3D tumor formation with uniform quantities. On-chip analysis of phenotypic tumor responses to diverse chemotherapies with different concentrations can be conducted in this device. The microfluidic advancement holds great potential for applications in the development of high-performance and multi-functional biomimetic tumor systems and in the fields of cancer research and pharmaceutical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenming Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.
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19
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Tang Q, Yang X, Xuan C, Wu K, Lai C, Shi X. Generation of microfluidic gradients and their effects on cells behaviours. Biodes Manuf 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42242-020-00093-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Grigolato F, Egholm C, Impellizzieri D, Arosio P, Boyman O. Establishment of a scalable microfluidic assay for characterization of population-based neutrophil chemotaxis. Allergy 2020; 75:1382-1393. [PMID: 31971608 DOI: 10.1111/all.14195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulation of neutrophil chemotaxis and activation plays crucial roles in immunity, and dysregulated neutrophil responses can lead to pathology as seen in neutrophilic asthma. Neutrophil recruitment is key for initiating immune defense and inflammation, and its modulation is a promising therapeutic target. Microfluidic technology is an attractive tool for characterization of neutrophil migration. Compared to transwell assays, microfluidic approaches could offer several advantages, including precis e control of defined chemokine gradients in space and time, automated quantitative analysis of chemotaxis, and high throughput. METHODS We established a microfluidic device for fully automated, quantitative assessment of neutrophil chemotaxis. Freshly isolated mouse neutrophils from bone marrow or human neutrophils from peripheral blood were assessed in real time using an epifluorescence microscope for their migration toward the potent chemoattractants C-X-C-motif ligand 2 (CXCL2) and CXCL8, without or with interleukin-4 (IL-4) pre-incubation. RESULTS Our microfluidic device allowed the precise and reproducible determination of the optimal CXCL2 and CXCL8 concentrations for mouse and human neutrophil chemotaxis, respectively. Furthermore, our microfluidic assay was able to measure the equilibrium and real-time dynamic effects of specific modulators of neutrophil chemotaxis. We demonstrated this concept by showing that IL-4 receptor signaling in mouse and human neutrophils inhibited their migration toward CXCL2 and CXCL8, respectively, and this inhibition was time-dependent. CONCLUSION Collectively, our microfluidic device shows several advantages over traditional transwell migration assays and its design is amenable to future integration into multiplexed high-throughput platforms for screening of molecules that modulate the chemotaxis of different immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Grigolato
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Cecilie Egholm
- Department of Immunology University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | | | - Paolo Arosio
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Onur Boyman
- Department of Immunology University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
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Abstract
Neutrophil chemotaxis plays a vital role in human immune system. Compared with traditional cell migration assays, the emergence of microfluidics provides a new research platform of cell chemotaxis study due to the advantages of visualization, precise control of chemical gradient, and small consumption of reagents. A series of microfluidic devices have been fabricated to study the behavior of neutrophils exposed on controlled, stable, and complex profiles of chemical concentration gradients. In addition, microfluidic technology offers a promising way to integrate the other functions, such as cell culture, separation and analysis into a single chip. Therefore, an overview of recent developments in microfluidic-based neutrophil chemotaxis studies is presented. Meanwhile, the strength and drawbacks of these devices are compared.
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Chemotactic Responses of Jurkat Cells in Microfluidic Flow-Free Gradient Chambers. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11040384. [PMID: 32260431 PMCID: PMC7231302 DOI: 10.3390/mi11040384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Gradients of soluble molecules coordinate cellular communication in a diverse range of multicellular systems. Chemokine-driven chemotaxis is a key orchestrator of cell movement during organ development, immune response and cancer progression. Chemotaxis assays capable of examining cell responses to different chemokines in the context of various extracellular matrices will be crucial to characterize directed cell motion in conditions which mimic whole tissue conditions. Here, a microfluidic device which can generate different chemokine patterns in flow-free gradient chambers while controlling surface extracellular matrix (ECM) to study chemotaxis either at the population level or at the single cell level with high resolution imaging is presented. The device is produced by combining additive manufacturing (AM) and soft lithography. Generation of concentration gradients in the device were simulated and experimentally validated. Then, stable gradients were applied to modulate chemotaxis and chemokinetic response of Jurkat cells as a model for T lymphocyte motility. Live imaging of the gradient chambers allowed to track and quantify Jurkat cell migration patterns. Using this system, it has been found that the strength of the chemotactic response of Jurkat cells to CXCL12 gradient was reduced by increasing surface fibronectin in a dose-dependent manner. The chemotaxis of the Jurkat cells was also found to be governed not only by the CXCL12 gradient but also by the average CXCL12 concentration. Distinct migratory behaviors in response to chemokine gradients in different contexts may be physiologically relevant for shaping the host immune response and may serve to optimize the targeting and accumulation of immune cells to the inflammation site. Our approach demonstrates the feasibility of using a flow-free gradient chamber for evaluating cross-regulation of cell motility by multiple factors in different biologic processes.
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Guzzi F, Candeloro P, Coluccio ML, Cristiani CM, Parrotta EI, Scaramuzzino L, Scalise S, Dattola E, D’Attimo MA, Cuda G, Lamanna E, Passacatini LC, Carbone E, Krühne U, Di Fabrizio E, Perozziello G. A Disposable Passive Microfluidic Device for Cell Culturing. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2020; 10:bios10030018. [PMID: 32121446 PMCID: PMC7146476 DOI: 10.3390/bios10030018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a disposable passive microfluidic device for cell culturing that does not require any additional/external pressure sources is introduced. By regulating the height of fluidic columns and the aperture and closure of the source wells, the device can provide different media and/or drug flows, thereby allowing different flow patterns with respect to time. The device is made of two Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) layers fabricated by micro-milling and solvent assisted bonding and allows us to ensure a flow rate of 18.6 μl/ℎ - 7%/day, due to a decrease of the fluid height while the liquid is driven from the reservoirs into the channels. Simulations and experiments were conducted to characterize flows and diffusion in the culture chamber. Melanoma tumor cells were used to test the device and carry out cell culturing experiments for 48 hours. Moreover, HeLa, Jurkat, A549 and HEK293T cell lines were cultivated successfully inside the microfluidic device for 72 hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Guzzi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.G.); (P.C.); (M.L.C.); (C.M.C.); (E.I.P.); (L.S.); (S.S.); (E.D.); (M.A.D.); (G.C.); (E.L.); (L.C.P.); (E.C.)
| | - Patrizio Candeloro
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.G.); (P.C.); (M.L.C.); (C.M.C.); (E.I.P.); (L.S.); (S.S.); (E.D.); (M.A.D.); (G.C.); (E.L.); (L.C.P.); (E.C.)
| | - Maria Laura Coluccio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.G.); (P.C.); (M.L.C.); (C.M.C.); (E.I.P.); (L.S.); (S.S.); (E.D.); (M.A.D.); (G.C.); (E.L.); (L.C.P.); (E.C.)
| | - Costanza Maria Cristiani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.G.); (P.C.); (M.L.C.); (C.M.C.); (E.I.P.); (L.S.); (S.S.); (E.D.); (M.A.D.); (G.C.); (E.L.); (L.C.P.); (E.C.)
| | - Elvira Immacolata Parrotta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.G.); (P.C.); (M.L.C.); (C.M.C.); (E.I.P.); (L.S.); (S.S.); (E.D.); (M.A.D.); (G.C.); (E.L.); (L.C.P.); (E.C.)
| | - Luana Scaramuzzino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.G.); (P.C.); (M.L.C.); (C.M.C.); (E.I.P.); (L.S.); (S.S.); (E.D.); (M.A.D.); (G.C.); (E.L.); (L.C.P.); (E.C.)
| | - Stefania Scalise
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.G.); (P.C.); (M.L.C.); (C.M.C.); (E.I.P.); (L.S.); (S.S.); (E.D.); (M.A.D.); (G.C.); (E.L.); (L.C.P.); (E.C.)
| | - Elisabetta Dattola
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.G.); (P.C.); (M.L.C.); (C.M.C.); (E.I.P.); (L.S.); (S.S.); (E.D.); (M.A.D.); (G.C.); (E.L.); (L.C.P.); (E.C.)
| | - Maria Antonia D’Attimo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.G.); (P.C.); (M.L.C.); (C.M.C.); (E.I.P.); (L.S.); (S.S.); (E.D.); (M.A.D.); (G.C.); (E.L.); (L.C.P.); (E.C.)
| | - Giovanni Cuda
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.G.); (P.C.); (M.L.C.); (C.M.C.); (E.I.P.); (L.S.); (S.S.); (E.D.); (M.A.D.); (G.C.); (E.L.); (L.C.P.); (E.C.)
| | - Ernesto Lamanna
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.G.); (P.C.); (M.L.C.); (C.M.C.); (E.I.P.); (L.S.); (S.S.); (E.D.); (M.A.D.); (G.C.); (E.L.); (L.C.P.); (E.C.)
| | - Lucia Carmela Passacatini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.G.); (P.C.); (M.L.C.); (C.M.C.); (E.I.P.); (L.S.); (S.S.); (E.D.); (M.A.D.); (G.C.); (E.L.); (L.C.P.); (E.C.)
| | - Ennio Carbone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.G.); (P.C.); (M.L.C.); (C.M.C.); (E.I.P.); (L.S.); (S.S.); (E.D.); (M.A.D.); (G.C.); (E.L.); (L.C.P.); (E.C.)
| | - Ulrich Krühne
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technology University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark;
| | - Enzo Di Fabrizio
- Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Gerardo Perozziello
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.G.); (P.C.); (M.L.C.); (C.M.C.); (E.I.P.); (L.S.); (S.S.); (E.D.); (M.A.D.); (G.C.); (E.L.); (L.C.P.); (E.C.)
- Correspondence:
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Lai X, Pu Z, Yu H, Li D. Inkjet Pattern-Guided Liquid Templates on Superhydrophobic Substrates for Rapid Prototyping of Microfluidic Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:1817-1824. [PMID: 31804059 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a novel method of rapidly customizing microfluidic systems using a consumer-grade inkjet printer and a commercially available superhydrophobic spray. By casting polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) on liquid templates that are defined by inkjet-printed hydrophilic patterns on superhydrophobically-coated PDMS substrates, microfluidic devices can be directly fabricated. Utilizing the interfacial properties of the superhydrophobic coating and the template liquid, the fabrication of microfluidics could be done with minimum effort and expertise, and unlike previously reported works, no mask and bonding process is necessary. As a proof of concept, we created different microfluidic devices for various applications, like gradient generation and pneumatic control of fluid. Appealing in its simplicity and rapidness, the newly proposed technique could provide an easy-to-use microfluidic platform for front-line researchers with different backgrounds to quickly customize microfluidic devices.
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25
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Eslami Amirabadi H, Tuerlings M, Hollestelle A, SahebAli S, Luttge R, van Donkelaar CC, Martens JWM, den Toonder JMJ. Characterizing the invasion of different breast cancer cell lines with distinct E-cadherin status in 3D using a microfluidic system. Biomed Microdevices 2019; 21:101. [PMID: 31760501 PMCID: PMC6875428 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-019-0450-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
E-cadherin is a cell-cell adhesion protein that plays a prominent role in cancer invasion. Inactivation of E-cadherin in breast cancer can arise from gene promoter hypermethylation or genetic mutation. Depending on their E-cadherin status, breast cancer cells adopt different morphologies with distinct invasion modes. The tumor microenvironment (TME) can also affect the cell morphology and invasion mode. In this paper, we used a previously developed microfluidic system to quantify the three-dimensional invasion of breast cancer cells with different E-cadherin status, namely MCF-7, CAMA-1 and MDA-MB-231 with wild type, mutated and promoter hypermethylated E-cadherin, respectively. The cells migrated into a stable and reproducible microfibrous polycaprolactone mesh in the chip under a programmed stable chemotactic gradient. We observed that the MDA-MB-231 cells invaded the most, as single cells. MCF-7 cells collectively invaded into the matrix more than CAMA-1 cells, maintaining their E-cadherin expression. The CAMA-1 cells exhibited multicellular multifocal infiltration into the matrix. These results are consistent with what is seen in vivo in the cancer biology literature. In addition, comparison between complete serum and serum gradient conditions showed that the MDA-MB-231 cells invaded more under the serum gradient after one day, however this behavior was inverted after 3 days. The results showcase that the microfluidic system can be used to quantitatively assess the invasion behavior of cancer cells with different E-cadherin expression, for a longer period than conventional invasion models. In the future, it can be used to quantitatively investigate effects of matrix structure and cell treatments on cancer invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Eslami Amirabadi
- Microsystems group, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 15, 5612AZ, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
- Healthy living division, TNO, Zeist, the Netherlands
- Institute for Pharmeceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - M Tuerlings
- Microsystems group, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 15, 5612AZ, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics group, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 15, 5612AZ, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - A Hollestelle
- Department of Medical oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - S SahebAli
- Microsystems group, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 15, 5612AZ, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - R Luttge
- Microsystems group, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 15, 5612AZ, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - C C van Donkelaar
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics group, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 15, 5612AZ, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - J W M Martens
- Department of Medical oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J M J den Toonder
- Microsystems group, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 15, 5612AZ, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
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26
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Ayuso JM, Virumbrales-Munoz M, McMinn PH, Rehman S, Gomez I, Karim MR, Trusttchel R, Wisinski KB, Beebe DJ, Skala MC. Tumor-on-a-chip: a microfluidic model to study cell response to environmental gradients. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:3461-3471. [PMID: 31506657 PMCID: PMC6785375 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00270g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Limited blood supply and rapid tumor metabolism within solid tumors leads to nutrient starvation, waste product accumulation and the generation of pH gradients across the tumor mass. These environmental conditions modify multiple cellular functions, including metabolism, proliferation, and drug response. However, capturing the spatial metabolic and phenotypic heterogeneity of the tumor with classic in vitro models remains challenging. Thus, in this work a microfluidic tumor slice model was developed to study cell behavior under metabolic starvation gradients. The presented microdevice comprises a central chamber where tumor cells were cultured in a 3D collagen hydrogel. A lumen on the flank of the chamber was used to perfuse media, mimicking the vasculature. Under these circumstances, tumor cell metabolism led to the generation of viability, proliferation and pH gradients. The model decoupled the influence of oxygen from other nutrients, revealing that cell necrosis at the core of the model could be explained by nutrient starvation. The microdevice can be disassembled to retrieve the cells from the desired locations to study molecular adaptions due to nutrient starvation. When exposed to these pH gradients and low nutrient conditions, cancer cells showed multiple changes in their gene expression profile depending on their distance from the lumen. Those cells located further from the lumen upregulated several genes related to stress and survival response, whereas genes related to proliferation and DNA repair were downregulated. This model may help to identify new therapeutic opportunities to target the metabolic heterogeneity observed in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M. Ayuso
- Morgridge Institute for Research, 330 N Orchard street, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- The University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Maria Virumbrales-Munoz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- The University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Patrick H. McMinn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- The University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Shujah Rehman
- Morgridge Institute for Research, 330 N Orchard street, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- The University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ismael Gomez
- Allergy research group, IdISSC. San Carlos Clinic Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Materials department, Carlos III University. Leganes, Spain
| | - Mohammad R. Karim
- Morgridge Institute for Research, 330 N Orchard street, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- The University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Regan Trusttchel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- The University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kari B. Wisinski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- The University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David J. Beebe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- The University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI,USA
| | - Melissa C. Skala
- Morgridge Institute for Research, 330 N Orchard street, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- The University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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27
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Lai X, Lu B, Zhang P, Zhang X, Pu Z, Yu H, Li D. Sticker Microfluidics: A Method for Fabrication of Customized Monolithic Microfluidics. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:6801-6810. [PMID: 33423473 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This paper proposes a novel strategy and an all-in-one toolbox that allows instrument-free customization of integrated microfluidic systems. Unlike the modular design of combining multiple microfluidic chips in the previous literature, this work, for the first time, proposes a "template sticker" method, in which sacrificial templates for microfluidic components are batch-produced in the form of standardized stickers and packaged into a toolbox. To create a customized monolithic microfluidic system, the end users only need to select and combine various template stickers following formulated steps. The fabricated microfluidic devices have well-defined microscale features, while the fabrication process is inexpensive and time-saving. Various functional microfluidic devices were fabricated and tested using this toolbox. The capability to create microchannels on curved surfaces is also demonstrated. As a proof of concept, we developed with the proposed toolbox a colorimetric testing platform for the detection of nitrite ions. The sticker toolbox, as the first self-contained portable platform for microfluidic fabrication, allows prompt customization of monolithic devices, enabling deployment of microfluidics with both ideal performance and customizability.
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28
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Liu W, Sun M, Han K, Wang J. Large-Scale Antitumor Screening Based on Heterotypic 3D Tumors Using an Integrated Microfluidic Platform. Anal Chem 2019; 91:13601-13610. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenming Liu
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Meilin Sun
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Kai Han
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Jinyi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Sonnen KF, Merten CA. Microfluidics as an Emerging Precision Tool in Developmental Biology. Dev Cell 2019; 48:293-311. [PMID: 30753835 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidics has become a precision tool in modern biology. It enables omics data to be obtained from individual cells, as compared to averaged signals from cell populations, and it allows manipulation of biological specimens in entirely new ways. Cells and organisms can be perturbed at extraordinary spatiotemporal resolution, revealing mechanistic insights that would otherwise remain hidden. In this perspective article, we discuss the current and future impact of microfluidic technology in the field of developmental biology. In addition, we provide detailed information on how to start using this technology even without prior experience.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christoph A Merten
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany.
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30
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Li N, Zhang W, Li Y, Lin JM. Analysis of cellular biomolecules and behaviors using microfluidic chip and fluorescence method. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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31
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Advanced 2D/3D cell migration assay for faster evaluation of chemotaxis of slow-moving cells. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219708. [PMID: 31314801 PMCID: PMC6636736 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the essential role of chemotaxis of adherent, slow-moving cells in processes such as tumor metastasis or wound healing, a detailed understanding of the mechanisms and cues that direct migration of cells through tissues is highly desirable. The state-of-the-art chemotaxis instruments (e.g. microfluidic-based devices, bridge assays) can generate well-defined, long-term stable chemical gradients, crucial for quantitative investigation of chemotaxis in slow-moving cells. However, the majority of chemotaxis tools are designed for the purpose of an in-depth, but labor-intensive analysis of migratory behavior of single cells. This is rather inefficient for applications requiring higher experimental throughput, as it is the case of e.g. clinical examinations, chemoattractant screening or studies of the chemotaxis-related signaling pathways based on subcellular perturbations. Here, we present an advanced migration assay for accelerated and facilitated evaluation of the chemotactic response of slow-moving cells. The revised chemotaxis chamber contains a hydrogel microstructure–the migration arena, designed to enable identification of chemotactic behavior of a cell population in respect to the end-point of the experiment. At the same time, the assay in form of a microscopy slide enables direct visualization of the cells in either 2D or 3D environment, and provides a stable and linear gradient of chemoattractant. We demonstrate the correctness of the assay on the model study of HT-1080 chemotaxis in 3D and on 2D surface. Finally, we apply the migration arena chemotaxis assay to screen for a chemoattractant of primary keratinocytes, cells that play a major role in wound healing, being responsible for skin re-epithelialization and a successful wound closure. In direction of new therapeutic strategies to promote wound repair, we identified the chemotactic activity of the epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligands EGF and TGFα (transforming growth factor α).
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32
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Ren X, Alamri A, Hipolito J, Lin F, Kung SKP. Applications of microfluidic devices in advancing NK-cell migration studies. Methods Enzymol 2019; 631:357-370. [PMID: 31948557 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2019.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding how NK cells interact with tumor cells under specific microenvironment will be informative in development of NK-cell based immunotherapy. Applications of microfluidic devices in in vitro studies of NK-cell migrations offer unique opportunities to examine NK-cell migrations at single-cell under controlled cellular microenvironments. Novel devices can be created and engineered to present precise configuration that mimics cellular microenvironments for cell migration studies. We established previously the first application of a simple Y-shaped device for imaging and analysis of the abilities of the immature and mature DC to regulate murine IL-2 activated NK cell migrations. Here we reported the application of our recent technical development of a novel microfluidic device, which is also called the triple docking device (i.e., D3-Chip), for the studies of NK-cell migrations in NK-4T1 breast cancer cell interactions in vitro. Key features of this microfluidic device are its pump-free gradient generation, and the three-parallel units design that supports easy setup and parallel comparison of multiple experimental conditions. The cell docking structure enables the prealignment of all NK cells at the same "start" position before their exposures to the test conditions. As a result, quantification of cell displacement toward a chemical gradient can be quantified by enumeration of the number of cells migrated out of the docking structure and their displacements. Such microfluidic devices can be further modified in future to mimic the complex in vivo microenvironments to support more advanced investigations of NK-cell migratory responses in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoou Ren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Abdulaziz Alamri
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jolly Hipolito
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Francis Lin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - Sam K P Kung
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
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33
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Microfluidic Devices for Eye Irritation Tests of Cosmetics and Cosmetic Ingredients. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-018-3204-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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34
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Chen D, Liu SJ, Du W. Chemotactic screening of imidazolinone-degrading bacteria by microfluidic SlipChip. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 366:512-519. [PMID: 30562663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The group of imidazolinone herbicides, widely used for weed control, is hazardous to some sensitive rotational crops. Thus, rapid elimination of imidazolinones from contaminated soil is significant for the environment. Biodegradation studies have demonstrated the ability of chemotaxis to enhance the biodegradation of pollutants. In this study, we used our newly developed SlipChip device for chemotactic sorting and a microfluidic streak plate device for bacterial cultivation as a new pipeline for screening imidazolinone degraders. The degradation efficiencies of an enrichment consortium and a chemotaxis consortium were determined by HPLC-MS/MS. Both consortia degraded all tested imidazolinones, with the highest efficiency (71.8%) for imazethapyr, and the chemotaxis consortium degraded these compounds approximately 10% more efficiently than the enrichment consortium. Moreover, the community diversities of the enrichment consortium and the chemotaxis consortium were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The results indicated that members of genus Ochrobactrum primarily contribute to the degradation of imidazolinones. This work proved that chemotaxis toward biodegradable pollutants increases their bioavailability and enhances the biodegradation rate. It also provided a new way to screen effective pollutant degraders and can be applied for the selective isolation of other chemotactic species from environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shuang-Jiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wenbin Du
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Savaid Medical School, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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35
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Kim S, Masum F, Jeon JS. Recent Developments of Chip-based Phenotypic Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-019-3109-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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36
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Witzel II, Nasser R, Garcia-Sabaté A, Sapudom J, Ma C, Chen W, Teo JCM. Deconstructing Immune Microenvironments of Lymphoid Tissues for Reverse Engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801126. [PMID: 30516005 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The immune microenvironment presents a diverse panel of cues that impacts immune cell migration, organization, differentiation, and the immune response. Uniquely, both the liquid and solid phases of every specific immune niche within the body play an important role in defining cellular functions in immunity at that particular location. The in vivo immune microenvironment consists of biomechanical and biochemical signals including their gradients, surface topography, dimensionality, modes of ligand presentation, and cell-cell interactions, and the ability to recreate these immune biointerfaces in vitro can provide valuable insights into the immune system. This manuscript reviews the critical roles played by different immune cells and surveys the current progress of model systems for reverse engineering of immune microenvironments with a focus on lymphoid tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ini-Isabée Witzel
- Core Technology Platforms; New York University Abu Dhabi; Saadiyat Campus, P.O. Box 127788 Abu Dhabi UAE
| | - Rasha Nasser
- Laboratory for Immuno Bioengineering Research and Applications (LIBRA); Division of Engineering; New York University Abu Dhabi; Saadiyat Campus, P.O. Box 127788 Abu Dhabi UAE
| | - Anna Garcia-Sabaté
- Laboratory for Immuno Bioengineering Research and Applications (LIBRA); Division of Engineering; New York University Abu Dhabi; Saadiyat Campus, P.O. Box 127788 Abu Dhabi UAE
| | - Jiranuwat Sapudom
- Laboratory for Immuno Bioengineering Research and Applications (LIBRA); Division of Engineering; New York University Abu Dhabi; Saadiyat Campus, P.O. Box 127788 Abu Dhabi UAE
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; New York University; 6 MetroTech Center Brooklyn NY 11201 USA
| | - Weiqiang Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; New York University; 6 MetroTech Center Brooklyn NY 11201 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; New York University; 6 MetroTech Center Brooklyn NY 11201 USA
| | - Jeremy C. M. Teo
- Laboratory for Immuno Bioengineering Research and Applications (LIBRA); Division of Engineering; New York University Abu Dhabi; Saadiyat Campus, P.O. Box 127788 Abu Dhabi UAE
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; New York University; 6 MetroTech Center Brooklyn NY 11201 USA
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37
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Chi PY, Spuul P, Tseng FG, Genot E, Chou CF, Taloni A. Cell Migration in Microfluidic Devices: Invadosomes Formation in Confined Environments. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1146:79-103. [PMID: 31612455 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-17593-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The last 20 years have seen the blooming of microfluidics technologies applied to biological sciences. Microfluidics provides effective tools for biological analysis, allowing the experimentalists to extend their playground to single cells and single molecules, with high throughput and resolution which were inconceivable few decades ago. In particular, microfluidic devices are profoundly changing the conventional way of studying the cell motility and cell migratory dynamics. In this chapter we will furnish a comprehensive view of the advancements made in the research domain of confinement-induced cell migration, thanks to the use of microfluidic devices. The chapter is subdivided in three parts. Each section will be addressing one of the fundamental questions that the microfluidic technology is contributing to unravel: (i) where cell migration takes place, (ii) why cells migrate and, (iii) how the cells migrate. The first introductory part is devoted to a thumbnail, and partially historical, description of microfluidics and its impact in biological sciences. Stress will be put on two aspects of the devices fabrication process, which are crucial for biological applications: materials used and coating methods. The second paragraph concerns the cell migration induced by environmental cues: chemical, leading to chemotaxis, mechanical, at the basis of mechanotaxis, and electrical, which induces electrotaxis. Each of them will be addressed separately, highlighting the fundamental role of microfluidics in providing the well-controlled experimental conditions where cell migration can be induced, investigated and ultimately understood. The third part of the chapter is entirely dedicated to how the cells move in confined environments. Invadosomes (the joint name for podosomes and invadopodia) are cell protrusion that contribute actively to cell migration or invasion. The formation of invadosomes under confinement is a research topic that only recently has caught the attention of the scientific community: microfluidic design is helping shaping the future direction of this emerging field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yin Chi
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Nano Science and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Pirjo Spuul
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Division of Gene Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Fan-Gang Tseng
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Elisabeth Genot
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux (INSERM U1045), Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Chia-Fu Chou
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Genomics Research Center and Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Alessandro Taloni
- Institute for Complex Systems, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Roma, Italy.
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Boribong BP, Rahimi A, Jones CN. Microfluidic Platform to Quantify Neutrophil Migratory Decision-Making. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1960:113-122. [PMID: 30798526 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9167-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocytes in blood, serving as the first line of host defense in tissue damage and infections. Upon activation by chemokines released from pathogens or injured tissues, neutrophils migrate through complex tissue microenvironments toward sites of infections along the chemokine gradients, in a process named chemotaxis. However, current methods for measuring neutrophil chemotaxis require large volumes of blood and are often bulk, endpoint measurements. To address the need for rapid and robust assays, we engineered a novel dual gradient microfluidic platform that precisely quantifies neutrophil migratory decision-making with high temporal resolution. Here, we present a protocol to measure neutrophil migratory phenotypes (velocity, directionality) with single-cell resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany P Boribong
- Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Computational Biology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Amina Rahimi
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Caroline N Jones
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
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Zhang F, Tian C, Liu W, Wang K, Wei Y, Wang H, Wang J, Liu S. Determination of Benzopyrene-Induced Lung Inflammatory and Cytotoxic Injury in a Chemical Gradient-Integrated Microfluidic Bronchial Epithelium System. ACS Sens 2018; 3:2716-2725. [PMID: 30507116 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b01370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution is one of the largest sources responsible for human diseases and premature death worldwide. However, the methodological development of a spatiotemporally controllable and high-throughput investigation of the environmental pollution-induced biological injury events is still being explored. In this study, we describe a chemical gradient generator-aided microfluidic cell system for the dynamic study of representative environmental pollutant-induced bronchial epithelium injury in a throughput manner. We demonstrated the stability and reliability of operation-optimized microfluidic system for precise and long-term chemical gradient production. We also performed a microenvironment-controlled microfluidic bronchial epithelium construction with high viability and structure integration. Moreover, on-chip investigation of bronchial epithelium injury by benzopyrene stimulation with various concentrations can be carried out in the single device. The varying bronchial inflammatory and cytotoxic responses were temporally monitored and measured based on the well-established system. The benzopyrene directionally led the bronchial epithelium to present observable cell shrinkage, cytoskeleton disintegration, Caspase-3 activation, overproduction of reactive oxygen species, and various inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8) secretion, suggesting its significant inflammatory and cytotoxic effects on respiratory system. We believe the microfluidic advancement has potential applications in the fields of environmental monitoring, tissue engineering, and pharmaceutical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Chang Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wenming Liu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
- College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Kan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Yuanqing Wei
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Huaisheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China
| | - Jinyi Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Songqin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
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Wu J, Kumar-Kanojia A, Hombach-Klonisch S, Klonisch T, Lin F. A radial microfluidic platform for higher throughput chemotaxis studies with individual gradient control. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:3855-3864. [PMID: 30427358 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00981c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Chemotaxis plays a fundamental role in immune defense and cancer metastasis. Microfluidic devices are increasingly applied to studying chemotaxis, owing to their advantages of reduced reagent consumption, ability to control chemical gradients, tracking of individual cells, and quantification of chemotaxis. Many existing microfluidic chemotaxis devices suffer from limited throughput and complex operation. Here, we describe a microfluidic device with a radial channel design which allows for simultaneous chemotaxis tests of different cell types and different gradient conditions. This radial microfluidic device was capable of stand-alone stable gradient generation using passive pumping and pressure-balancing strategies. The device was validated by testing the migration of fast-migrating human neutrophils and two slower-migrating human breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, this radial microfluidic device was useful in studying the influence of the nuclear chromatin binding protein high mobility group A2 (HMGA2) on the migration of the human triple negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Wu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
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Alam MK, Koomson E, Zou H, Yi C, Li CW, Xu T, Yang M. Recent advances in microfluidic technology for manipulation and analysis of biological cells (2007–2017). Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1044:29-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Abstract
Microfluidics has played a vital role in developing novel methods to investigate biological phenomena at the molecular and cellular level during the last two decades. Microscale engineering of cellular systems is nevertheless a nascent field marked inherently by frequent disruptive advancements in technology such as PDMS-based soft lithography. Viable culture and manipulation of cells in microfluidic devices requires knowledge across multiple disciplines including molecular and cellular biology, chemistry, physics, and engineering. There has been numerous excellent reviews in the past 15 years on applications of microfluidics for molecular and cellular biology including microfluidic cell culture (Berthier et al., 2012; El-Ali, Sorger, & Jensen, 2006; Halldorsson et al., 2015; Kim et al., 2007; Mehling & Tay, 2014; Sackmann et al., 2014; Whitesides, 2006; Young & Beebe, 2010), cell culture models (Gupta et al., 2016; Inamdar & Borenstein, 2011; Meyvantsson & Beebe, 2008), cell secretion (Schrell et al., 2016), chemotaxis (Kim & Wu, 2012; Wu et al., 2013), neuron culture (Millet & Gillette, 2012a, 2012b), drug screening (Dittrich & Manz, 2006; Eribol, Uguz, & Ulgen, 2016; Wu, Huang, & Lee, 2010), cell sorting (Autebert et al., 2012; Bhagat et al., 2010; Gossett et al., 2010; Wyatt Shields Iv, Reyes, & López, 2015), single cell studies (Lecault et al., 2012; Reece et al., 2016; Yin & Marshall, 2012), stem cell biology (Burdick & Vunjak-Novakovic, 2009; Wu et al., 2011; Zhang & Austin, 2012), cell differentiation (Zhang et al., 2017a), systems biology (Breslauer, Lee, & Lee, 2006), 3D cell culture (Huh et al., 2011; Li et al., 2012; van Duinen et al., 2015), spheroids and organoids (Lee et al., 2016; Montanez-Sauri, Beebe, & Sung, 2015; Morimoto & Takeuchi, 2013; Skardal et al., 2016; Young, 2013), organ-on-chip (Bhatia & Ingber, 2014; Esch, Bahinski, & Huh, 2015; Huh et al., 2011; van der Meer & van den Berg, 2012), and tissue engineering (Andersson & Van Den Berg, 2004; Choi et al., 2007; Hasan et al., 2014). In this chapter, we provide an overview of PDMS-based microdevices for microfluidic cell culture. We discuss the advantages and challenges of using PDMS-based soft lithography for microfluidic cell culture and highlight recent progress and future directions in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melikhan Tanyeri
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Savaş Tay
- Institute of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Institute of Genomics and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
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Gu Y, Hegde V, Bishop KJM. Measurement and mitigation of free convection in microfluidic gradient generators. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:3371-3378. [PMID: 30256366 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00526e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic gradient generators are used to study the movement of living cells, lipid vesicles, and colloidal particles in response to spatial variations in their local chemical environment. Such gradient driven motions are often slow (less than 1 μm s-1) and therefore influenced or disrupted by fluid flows accompanying the formation and maintenance of the applied gradient. Even when external flows are carefully eliminated, the solute gradient itself can drive fluid motions due to combinations of gravitational body forces and diffusioosmotic surface forces. Here, we develop a microfluid gradient generator based on the in situ formation of biopolymer membranes and quantify the fluid flows induced by steady solute gradients. The measured velocity profiles agree quantitatively with those predicted by analytical approximations of relevant hydrodynamic models. We discuss how the speed of gradient-driven flows depends on system parameters such as the gradient magnitude, the fluid viscosity, the channel dimensions, and the solute type. These results are useful in identifying and mitigating undesired flows within microfluidic gradient systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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Peretz-Soroka H, Tirosh R, Hipolito J, Huebner E, Alexander M, Fiege J, Lin F. A bioenergetic mechanism for amoeboid-like cell motility profiles tested in a microfluidic electrotaxis assay. Integr Biol (Camb) 2018; 9:844-856. [PMID: 28960219 DOI: 10.1039/c7ib00086c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The amoeboid-like cell motility is known to be driven by the acidic enzymatic hydrolysis of ATP in the actin-myosin system. However, the electro-mechano-chemical coupling, whereby the free energy of ATP hydrolysis is transformed into the power of electrically polarized cell movement, is poorly understood. Previous experimental studies showed that actin filaments motion, cytoplasmic streaming, and muscle contraction can be reconstituted under actin-activated ATP hydrolysis by soluble non-filamentous myosin fragments. Thus, biological motility was demonstrated in the absence of a continuous protein network. These results lead to an integrative conceptual model for cell motility, which advocates an active role played by intracellular proton currents and cytoplasmic streaming (iPC-CS). In this model, we propose that protons and fluid currents develop intracellular electric polarization and pressure gradients, which generate an electro-hydrodynamic mode of amoeboid motion. Such energetic proton currents and active streaming are considered to be mainly driven by stereospecific ATP hydrolysis through myosin heads along oriented actin filaments. Key predictions of this model are supported by microscopy visualization and in-depth sub-population analysis of purified human neutrophils using a microfluidic electrotaxis assay. Three distinct phases in cell motility profiles, morphology, and cytoplasmic streaming in response to physiological ranges of chemoattractant stimulation and electric field application are revealed. Our results support an intrinsic electric dipole formation linked to different patterns of cytoplasmic streaming, which can be explained by the iPC-CS model. Collectively, this alternative biophysical mechanism of cell motility provides new insights into bioenergetics with relevance to potential new biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagit Peretz-Soroka
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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Pena J, Dulger N, Singh T, Zhou J, Majeska R, Redenti S, Vazquez M. Controlled microenvironments to evaluate chemotactic properties of cultured Müller glia. Exp Eye Res 2018; 173:129-137. [PMID: 29753729 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Emerging therapies have begun to evaluate the abilities of Müller glial cells (MGCs) to protect and/or regenerate neurons following retina injury. The migration of donor cells is central to many reparative strategies, where cells must achieve appropriate positioning to facilitate localized repair. Although chemical cues have been implicated in the MGC migratory responses of numerous retinopathies, MGC-based therapies have yet to explore the extent to which external biochemical stimuli can direct MGC behavior. The current study uses a microfluidics-based assay to evaluate the migration of cultured rMC-1 cells (as model MGC) in response to quantitatively-controlled microenvironments of signaling factors implicated in retinal regeneration: basic Fibroblast Growth factor (bFGF or FGF2); Fibroblast Growth factor 8 (FGF8); Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF); and Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF). Findings indicate that rMC-1 cells exhibited minimal motility in response to FGF2, FGF8 and VEGF, but highly-directional migration in response to EGF. Further, the responses were blocked by inhibitors of EGF-R and of the MAPK signaling pathway. Significantly, microfluidics data demonstrate that changes in the EGF gradient (i.e. change in EGF concentration over distance) resulted in the directional chemotactic migration of the cells. By contrast, small increases in EGF concentration, alone, resulted in non-directional cell motility, or chemokinesis. This microfluidics-enhanced approach, incorporating the ability both to modulate and asses the responses of motile donor cells to a range of potential chemotactic stimuli, can be applied to potential donor cell populations obtained directly from human specimens, and readily expanded to incorporate drug-eluting biomaterials and combinations of desired ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pena
- The City College of New York, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 160 Convent Ave., Steinman Hall ST-403D, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Nihan Dulger
- The City College of New York, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 160 Convent Ave., Steinman Hall ST-403D, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Tanya Singh
- The City College of New York, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 160 Convent Ave., Steinman Hall ST-403D, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Jing Zhou
- Lehman College, Department of Biology, 250 Bedford Park Blvd, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
| | - Robert Majeska
- The City College of New York, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 160 Convent Ave., Steinman Hall ST-403D, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Stephen Redenti
- Lehman College, Department of Biology, 250 Bedford Park Blvd, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA; The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Maribel Vazquez
- The City College of New York, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 160 Convent Ave., Steinman Hall ST-403D, New York, NY, 10031, USA; The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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A web-based application for automated quantification of chemical gradients induced in microfluidic devices. Comput Biol Med 2018; 95:118-128. [PMID: 29494849 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Advances in microfabrication have allowed the development and popularization of microfluidic devices, which are powerful tools to recreate three-dimensional (3-D) biologically relevant in vitro models. These microenvironments are usually generated by using hydrogels and induced chemical gradients. Going further, computational models enable, after validation, the simulation of such conditions without the necessity of real experiments, thus saving costs and time. In this work we present a web-based application that allows, based on a previous numerical model, the assessment of different chemical gradients induced within a 3-D extracellular matrix. This application enables the estimation of the spatio-temporal chemical distribution inside microfluidic devices, by defining a first set of parameters characterizing the chip geometry, and a second set characterizing the diffusion properties of the hydrogel-based matrix. The simulated chemical concentration profiles generated within a synthetic hydrogel are calculated remotely on a server and returned to the website in less than 3 min, thus offering a quick automatic quantification to any user. To ensure the day-to-day applicability, user requirements were investigated prior to tool development, pre-selecting some of the most common geometries. The tool is freely available online, after user registration, on http://m2be.unizar.es/insilico_cell under the software tab. Four different microfluidic device geometries were defined to study the dependence of the geometrical parameters onto the gradient formation processes. The numerical predictions demonstrate that growth factor diffusion within 3-D matrices strongly depends not only on the physics of diffusion, but also on the geometrical parameters that characterizes these complex devices. Additionally, the effect of the combination of different hydrogels inside a microfluidic device was studied. The automatization of microfluidic device geometries generation provide a powerful tool which facilitates to any user the possibility to automatically create its own microfluidic device, greatly reducing the experimental validation processes and advancing in the understanding of in vitro 3-D cell responses without the necessity of using commercial software or performing real testing experiments.
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Bhagwat S, Sontakke S, K. D, Parte P, Jadhav S. Chemotactic behavior of spermatozoa captured using a microfluidic chip. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2018; 12:024112. [PMID: 29657656 PMCID: PMC5876040 DOI: 10.1063/1.5023574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Chemotaxis, as a mechanism for sperm guidance in vivo, is an enigma which has been difficult to demonstrate. To address this issue, various devices have been designed to study sperm chemotaxis in vitro. Limitations of traditional chemotaxis devices were related to the inability to maintain a stable concentration gradient as well as track single sperm over long times. Microfluidics technology, which provides superior control over fluid flow, has been recently used to generate stable concentration gradients for investigating the chemotactic behavior of several cell types including spermatozoa. However, the chemotactic behavior of sperm has not been unequivocally demonstrated even in these studies due to the inability to distinguish it from rheotaxis, thermotaxis, and chemokinesis. For instance, the presence of fluid flow in the microchannels not only destabilizes the concentration gradient but also elicits a rheotactic response from sperm. In this work, we have designed a microfluidic device which can be used to establish both, a uniform concentration and a uniform concentration gradient in a stationary fluid. By facilitating measurement of sperm response in ascending, descending ,and uniform chemoattractant concentration, the assay could isolate sperm chemotactic response from rheotaxis and chemokinesis. The device was validated using acetylcholine, a known chemoattractant and further tested with rat oviductal fluid from the estrus phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Bhagwat
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | | | - Deekshith K.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Priyanka Parte
- Department of Gamete Immunobiology, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: and
| | - Sameer Jadhav
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: and
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Yang K, Wu J, Peretz-Soroka H, Zhu L, Li Z, Sang Y, Hipolito J, Zhang M, Santos S, Hillier C, de Faria RL, Liu Y, Lin F. M kit: A cell migration assay based on microfluidic device and smartphone. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 99:259-267. [PMID: 28772229 PMCID: PMC5585005 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.07.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Mobile sensing based on the integration of microfluidic device and smartphone, so-called MS2 technology, has enabled many applications over recent years, and continues to stimulate growing interest in both research communities and industries. In particular, it has been envisioned that MS2 technology can be developed for various cell functional assays to enable basic research and clinical applications. Toward this direction, in this paper, we describe the development of a MS2-based cell functional assay for testing cell migration (the Mkit). The system is constructed as an integrated test kit, which includes microfluidic chips, a smartphone-based imaging platform, the phone apps for image capturing and data analysis, and a set of reagent and accessories for performing the cell migration assay. We demonstrated that the Mkit can effectively measure purified neutrophil and cancer cell chemotaxis. Furthermore, neutrophil chemotaxis can be tested from a drop of whole blood using the Mkit with red blood cell (RBC) lysis. The effects of chemoattractant dose and gradient profile on neutrophil chemotaxis were also tested using the Mkit. In addition to research applications, we demonstrated the effective use of the Mkit for on-site test at the hospital and for testing clinical samples from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patient. Thus, this developed Mkit provides an easy and integrated experimental platform for cell migration related research and potential medical diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yang
- Institute of Applied Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, PR China; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jiandong Wu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Hagit Peretz-Soroka
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Ling Zhu
- Institute of Applied Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Zhigang Li
- Institute of Applied Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Yaoshuo Sang
- Institute of Applied Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Jolly Hipolito
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - Susy Santos
- Victoria General Hospital and River Heights/Fort Garry Community areas, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | | | - Yong Liu
- Institute of Applied Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Francis Lin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
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Um E, Oh JM, Granick S, Cho YK. Cell migration in microengineered tumor environments. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:4171-4185. [PMID: 28971203 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00555e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in microengineered cell migration platforms are discussed critically with a focus on how cell migration is influenced by engineered tumor microenvironments, the medical relevance being to understand how tumor microenvironments may promote or suppress the progression of cancer. We first introduce key findings in cancer cell migration under the influence of the physical environment, which is systematically controlled by microengineering technology, followed by multi-cues of physico-chemical factors, which represent the complexity of the tumor environment. Recognizing that cancer cells constantly communicate not only with each other but also with tumor-associated cells such as vascular, fibroblast, and immune cells, and also with non-cellular components, it follows that cell motility in tumor microenvironments, especially metastasis via the invasion of cancer cells into the extracellular matrix and other tissues, is closely related to the malignancy of cancer-related mortality. Medical relevance of forefront research realized in microfabricated devices, such as single cell sorting based on the analysis of cell migration behavior, may assist personalized theragnostics based on the cell migration phenotype. Furthermore, we urge development of theory and numerical understanding of single or collective cell migration in microengineered platforms to gain new insights in cancer metastasis and in therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eujin Um
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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50
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ZANG XQ, LI ZY, ZHANG XY, JIANG L, REN NQ, SUN K. Advance in Bacteria Chemotaxis on Microfluidic Devices. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(17)61050-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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