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Yang WH, Zhang C, Sun S, Jing J, Song Q, Xiao S. Dark plasmonic mode based perfect absorption and refractive index sensing. NANOSCALE 2017. [PMID: 28638910 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr02768k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Dark plasmonic resonances in metallic nanostructures are essential for many potential applications such as refractive index sensing, single molecule detection, nanolasers etc. However, it is difficult to excite the dark modes in optical experiments and thus the practical applications are severely limited. Herein, we demonstrate a simple method to experimentally excite the quadrupolar and higher-order plasmonic modes with normal incident light. By directionally depositing silver films onto the sidewalls of metal-covered one-dimensional grating, we have experimentally observed a series of asymmetrical resonances at the plasmonic ranges of silver gratings. Interestingly, both of the reflection and transmission coefficients of high-order plasmonic modes are reduced to around zero, demonstrating the perfect absorption very well. The corresponding numerical simulations show that these resonances are the well-known dark modes. Different from the conventional dark modes in plasmonic dimers, here the dark modes are the electric oscillations (as standing waves) within the silver sidewalls that are excited by charge accumulation via the bright plasmonic resonance of the top silver strips. In addition to the simple realization of perfect absorption, the dark modes are found to be quite sensitive to the environmental changes. The experimentally measured reflective index sensitivity is around 458 nm per RIU (refractive index unit), which is much higher than the sensitivity of the metal-covered grating without silver sidewalls. This research shall pave new routes to practical applications of dark surface plasmons.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Yang
- State Key Laboratory on Tunable Laser Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China518055.
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Ye Y, Xu F, Wei G, Xu Y, Pu D, Chen L, Huang Z. Scalable Fourier transform system for instantly structured illumination in lithography. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:1978-1981. [PMID: 28504728 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.001978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report the development of a unique scalable Fourier transform 4-f system for instantly structured illumination in lithography. In the 4-f system, coupled with a 1-D grating and a phase retarder, the ±1st order of diffracted light from the grating serve as coherent incident sources for creating interference patterns on the image plane. By adjusting the grating and the phase retarder, the interference fringes with consecutive frequencies, as well as their orientations and phase shifts, can be generated instantly within a constant interference area. We demonstrate that by adapting this scalable Fourier transform system into lithography, the pixelated nano-fringe arrays with arbitrary frequencies and orientations can be dynamically produced in the photoresist with high variation resolution, suggesting its promising application for large-area functional materials based on space-variant nanostructures in lithography.
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Fan JR, Wu WG, Chen ZJ, Zhu J, Li J. Three-dimensional cavity nanoantennas with resonant-enhanced surface plasmons as dynamic color-tuning reflectors. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:3416-3423. [PMID: 28009895 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr06934g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
As plasmonic antennas for surface-plasmon-assisted control of optical fields at specific frequencies, metallic nanostructures have recently emerged as crucial optical components for fascinating plasmonic color engineering. Particularly, plasmonic resonant nanocavities can concentrate lightwave energy to strongly enhance light-matter interactions, making them ideal candidates as optical elements for fine-tuning color displays. Inspired by the color mixing effect found on butterfly wings, a new type of plasmonic, multiresonant, narrow-band (the minimum is about 45 nm), high-reflectance (the maximum is about 95%), and dynamic color-tuning reflector is developed. This is achieved from periodic patterns of plasmonic resonant nanocavities in free-standing capped-pillar nanostructure arrays. Such cavity-coupling structures exhibit multiple narrow-band selective and continuously tunable reflections via plasmon standing-wave resonances. Consequently, they can produce a variety of dark-field vibrant reflective colors with good quality, strong color signal and fine tonal variation at the optical diffraction limit. This proposed multicolor scheme provides an elegant strategy for realizing personalized and customized applications in ultracompact photonic data storage and steganography, colorimetric sensing, 3D holograms and other plasmon-assisted photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Fan
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Institute of Microelectronics, Peking University, China and Innovation Center for MicroNanoelectronics and Integrated System, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China.
| | - W G Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Institute of Microelectronics, Peking University, China and Innovation Center for MicroNanoelectronics and Integrated System, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China.
| | - Z J Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Institute of Microelectronics, Peking University, China and Innovation Center for MicroNanoelectronics and Integrated System, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China.
| | - J Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Institute of Microelectronics, Peking University, China and Innovation Center for MicroNanoelectronics and Integrated System, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China.
| | - J Li
- Technical Institute of Physical and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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Fan JR, Zhu J, Wu WG, Huang Y. Plasmonic Metasurfaces Based on Nanopin-Cavity Resonator for Quantitative Colorimetric Ricin Sensing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1601710. [PMID: 27709785 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201601710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In view of the toxic potential of a bioweapon threat, rapid visual recognition and sensing of ricin has been of considerable interest while remaining a challenging task up to date. In this study, a gold nanopin-based colorimetric sensor is developed realizing a multicolor variation for ricin qualitative recognition and analysis. It is revealed that such plasmonic metasurfaces based on nanopin-cavity resonator exhibit reflective color appearance, due to the excitation of standing-wave resonances of narrow bandwidth in visible region. This clear color variation is a consequence of the reflective color mixing defined by different resonant wavelengths. In addition, the colored metasurfaces appear sharp color difference in a narrow refractive index range, which makes them especially well-suited for sensing applications. Therefore, this antibody-functionalized nanopin-cavity biosensor features high sensitivity and fast response, allowing for visual quantitative ricin detection within the range of 10-120 ng mL-1 (0.15 × 10-9 -1.8 × 10-9 m), a limit of detection of 10 ng mL-1 , and the typical measurement time of less than 10 min. The on-chip integration of such nanopin metasurfaces to portable colorimetric microfluidic device may be envisaged for the quantitative studies of a variety of biochemical molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao-Rong Fan
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Institute of Microelectronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Innovation Center for MicroNanoelectronics and Integrated System, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Jia Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Institute of Microelectronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Innovation Center for MicroNanoelectronics and Integrated System, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Gang Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Institute of Microelectronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Innovation Center for MicroNanoelectronics and Integrated System, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yun Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Institute of Microelectronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Innovation Center for MicroNanoelectronics and Integrated System, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
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Qin F, Ding L, Zhang L, Monticone F, Chum CC, Deng J, Mei S, Li Y, Teng J, Hong M, Zhang S, Alù A, Qiu CW. Hybrid bilayer plasmonic metasurface efficiently manipulates visible light. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2016; 2:e1501168. [PMID: 26767195 PMCID: PMC4705036 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1501168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Metasurfaces operating in the cross-polarization scheme have shown an interesting degree of control over the wavefront of transmitted light. Nevertheless, their inherently low efficiency in visible light raises certain concerns for practical applications. Without sacrificing the ultrathin flat design, we propose a bilayer plasmonic metasurface operating at visible frequencies, obtained by coupling a nanoantenna-based metasurface with its complementary Babinet-inverted copy. By breaking the radiation symmetry because of the finite, yet small, thickness of the proposed structure and benefitting from properly tailored intra- and interlayer couplings, such coupled bilayer metasurface experimentally yields a conversion efficiency of 17%, significantly larger than that of earlier single-layer designs, as well as an extinction ratio larger than 0 dB, meaning that anomalous refraction dominates the transmission response. Our finding shows that metallic metasurface can counterintuitively manipulate the visible light as efficiently as dielectric metasurface (~20% in conversion efficiency in Lin et al.'s study), although the metal's ohmic loss is much higher than dielectrics. Our hybrid bilayer design, still being ultrathin (~λ/6), is found to obey generalized Snell's law even in the presence of strong couplings. It is capable of efficiently manipulating visible light over a broad bandwidth and can be realized with a facile one-step nanofabrication process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Qin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117583 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lu Ding
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 117602 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117583 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Francesco Monticone
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Chan Choy Chum
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 117602 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jie Deng
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 117602 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shengtao Mei
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117583 Singapore, Singapore
- Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117456 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ying Li
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science and Technology, Shenzhen University, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Jinghua Teng
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 117602 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Minghui Hong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117583 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shuang Zhang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Andrea Alù
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117583 Singapore, Singapore
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science and Technology, Shenzhen University, Guangdong 518060, China
- Corresponding author. E-mail:
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Rankin A, McGarry S. A flexible pressure sensitive colour changing device using plasmonic nanoparticles. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 26:075502. [PMID: 25643070 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/7/075502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report on the fabrication of a flexible pressure sensitive device based on near-field coupling between silver nanoparticles and an underlying conductor. Visually apparent colour changes can be realized with minimal change in separation owing to the high fields localized to the particle's surface. The use of soft and compliant materials enables actuation of the device at low strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rankin
- Carleton Univeristy, Departmet of Electronics, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
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