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Ji Y, Moles Quintero S, Dai Y, Marín-Beloqui JM, Zhang H, Zhan Q, Sun F, Wang D, Li X, Wang Z, Gu X, Negri F, Casado J, Zheng Y. 77 % Photothermal Conversion in Blatter-Type Diradicals: Photophysics and Photodynamic Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311387. [PMID: 37650244 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Diradicals based on the Blatter units and connected by acetylene and alkene spacers have been prepared. All the molecules show sizably large diradical character and low energy singlet-triplet gaps. Their photo-physical properties concerning their lowest energy excited state have been studied in detail by steady-state and time-resolved absorption spectroscopy. We have fully identified the main optical absorption band and full absence of emission from the lowest energy excited state. A computational study has been also carried out that has helped to identify the presence of a conical intersection between the lowest energy excited state and the ground state which produces a highly efficient light-to-heat conversion of the absorbed radiation. Furthermore, an outstanding photo-thermal conversion 77.23 % has been confirmed, close to the highest in the diradicaloid field. For the first time, stable diradicals are applied to photo-thermal therapy of tumor cells with good stability and satisfactory performance at near-infrared region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ji
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Sergio Moles Quintero
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Yasi Dai
- A Dipartimento di Chimica 'Giacomo Ciamician', Università di Bologna, Via F. Selmi, 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
- INSTM, UdR Bologna, Via F. Selmi, 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jose M Marín-Beloqui
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Hanjun Zhang
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Qian Zhan
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Fanxi Sun
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Xiangkun Li
- Spin-X Institute, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyi Wang
- Spin-X Institute, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Xinggui Gu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Fabrizia Negri
- A Dipartimento di Chimica 'Giacomo Ciamician', Università di Bologna, Via F. Selmi, 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
- INSTM, UdR Bologna, Via F. Selmi, 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Juan Casado
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Yonghao Zheng
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials(IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
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2
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Boudalis AK, Constantinides CP, Chrysochos N, Carmieli R, Leitus G, Kourtellaris A, Lawson DB, Koutentis PA. Deciphering the ground state of a C 3-symmetrical Blatter-type triradical by CW and pulse EPR spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2023; 349:107406. [PMID: 36841142 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2023.107406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
3,3',3''-(Benzene-1,3,5-triyl)tris(1-phenyl-1H-benzo[e][1,2,4]triazin-4-yl) (1) is a C3-symmetrical triradical comprised of three Blatter radical units connected at the 1, 3, 5 positions of a central trimethylenebenzene core. This triradical has an excellent air, moisture, and thermal stability. Single-crystal XRD indicates that triradical 1 adopts a propeller-like geometry with the benzotriazinyl moieties twisted by 174.1(2)° and packs in 1D chains along the c axis to form an extensive network of weak intermolecular interactions. Frozen solution continuous wave (CW) EPR spectra and variable-temperature field-sweep echo-detected (FSED) spectra revealed an intramolecular ferromagnetic exchange within the spin system, supporting a quartet S = 3/2 ground state. DFT calculations further supported these experimental findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanassios K Boudalis
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg (UMR 7177, CNRS-Unistra), Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, CS 90032, F-67081 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Christos P Constantinides
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan - Dearborn, 4901 Evergreen Rd, Dearborn, MI 48128, United States.
| | - Nicolas Chrysochos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Raanan Carmieli
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Gregory Leitus
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Andreas Kourtellaris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Daniel B Lawson
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan - Dearborn, 4901 Evergreen Rd, Dearborn, MI 48128, United States
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3
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Broadhurst ET, Wilson CJG, Zissimou GA, Nudelman F, Constantinides CP, Koutentis PA, Parsons S. A first-order phase transition in Blatter's radical at high pressure. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B, STRUCTURAL SCIENCE, CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2022; 78:107-116. [PMID: 35411850 DOI: 10.1107/s2052520622000191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The crystal structure of Blatter's radical (1,3-diphenyl-1,4-dihydrobenzo[e][1,2,4]triazin-4-yl) has been investigated between ambient pressure and 6.07 GPa. The sample remains in a compressed form of the ambient-pressure phase up to 5.34 GPa, the largest direction of strain being parallel to the direction of π-stacking interactions. The bulk modulus is 7.4 (6) GPa, with a pressure derivative equal to 9.33 (11). As pressure increases, the phenyl groups attached to the N1 and C3 positions of the triazinyl moieties of neighbouring pairs of molecules approach each other, causing the former to begin to rotate between 3.42 to 5.34 GPa. The onset of this phenyl rotation may be interpreted as a second-order phase transition which introduces a new mode for accommodating pressure. It is premonitory to a first-order isosymmetric phase transition which occurs on increasing pressure from 5.34 to 5.54 GPa. Although the phase transition is driven by volume minimization, rather than relief of unfavourable contacts, it is accompanied by a sharp jump in the orientation of the rotation angle of the phenyl group. DFT calculations suggest that the adoption of a more planar conformation by the triazinyl moiety at the phase transition can be attributed to relief of intramolecular H...H contacts at the transition. Although no dimerization of the radicals occurs, the π-stacking interactions are compressed by 0.341 (3) Å between ambient pressure and 6.07 GPa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward T Broadhurst
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, The University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Cameron J G Wilson
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, The University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Georgia A Zissimou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, PO Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Fabio Nudelman
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, The University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Christos P Constantinides
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan-Dearborn, 4901 Evergreen Road, Dearborn, Michigan, 48128-1491, USA
| | | | - Simon Parsons
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, The University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
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4
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Bartos P, Celeda M, Pietrzak A, Kaszyński P. Planar Blatter radicals through Bu 3SnH- and TMS 3SiH-assisted cyclization of aryl iodides: azaphilic radical addition. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01742j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Radical chain cyclization of aryl iodides provides an efficient synthesis of planar Blatter radicals, and, for the first time, access to functionalized sulphur-containing analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Bartos
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, 91-403 Łódź, Poland
| | | | - Anna Pietrzak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Łódź University of Technology, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Piotr Kaszyński
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, 91-403 Łódź, Poland
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, 90-363 Łódź, Poland
- Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee 37132, USA
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5
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Bodzioch A, Pietrzak A, Kaszyński P. Axially Chiral Stable Radicals: Resolution and Characterization of Blatter Radical Atropisomers. Org Lett 2021; 23:7508-7512. [PMID: 34533961 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Atropisomers of three Blatter radicals were obtained by the addition of 8-substituted 1-naphthyllithiums to 3-phenyl and 3-t-butylbenzo[e][1,2,4]triazine and separated by chiral high-performance liquid chromatography. Their absolute configurations were assigned by a comparison of experimental and time-dependent density functional theory calculated electronic circular dichroism spectra. The free energy of activation, ΔG‡298, and the half life of racemization, t1/2, at 298 K were determined at ∼25 kcal mol-1 and <130 h, respectively. Intramolecular π-π interactions in radicals were evident from single-crystal X-ray diffraction, density functional theory, and electrochemical analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Bodzioch
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, 90-363 Łódź, Poland
| | - Anna Pietrzak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Łódź University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-024 Łódź, Poland
| | - Piotr Kaszyński
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, 90-363 Łódź, Poland.,Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, 91-403 Łódź, Poland.,Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee 37132, United States
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6
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Saal
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC) Friedrich Schiller University Jena Humboldtstraße 10 Jena 07743 Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena) Friedrich Schiller University Jena Philosophenweg 7a Jena 07743 Germany
| | - Christian Friebe
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC) Friedrich Schiller University Jena Humboldtstraße 10 Jena 07743 Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena) Friedrich Schiller University Jena Philosophenweg 7a Jena 07743 Germany
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC) Friedrich Schiller University Jena Humboldtstraße 10 Jena 07743 Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena) Friedrich Schiller University Jena Philosophenweg 7a Jena 07743 Germany
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7
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Bartos P, Young VG, Kaszyński P. Ring-Fused 1,4-Dihydro[1,2,4]triazin-4-yls through Photocyclization. Org Lett 2020; 22:3835-3840. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Bartos
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, 91-403 Łódź, Poland
| | - Victor G. Young
- X-ray Crystallographic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Piotr Kaszyński
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, 91-403 Łódź, Poland
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, 90-363 Łódź, Poland
- Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee 37132, United States
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8
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Sidharth TNS, Nasani R, Gupta A, Sooraj BNS, Roy S, Mondal A, Konar S. Reversal of magnetic exchange coupling between copper(II) and Blatter radical depending on the coordination environment. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.119395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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9
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3,3′,3’’-(Benzene-1,3,5-triyl)tris(1-phenyl-1H-benzo[e][1,2,4]triazin-4-yl): A C3 symmetrical Blatter-type triradical. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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Bazzi F, Danke AJ, Lawson DB, Manoli M, Leitus GM, Koutentis PA, Constantinides CP. 1-(2-Methoxyphenyl)-3-phenyl-1,4-dihydro-1,2,4-benzotriazin-4-yl: a tricky “structure-to-magnetism” correlation aided by DFT calculations. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce00669f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
1-(2-Methoxyphenyl)-3-phenyl-1,4-dihydro-1,2,4-benzotriazin-4-yl (2) is a Blatter radical with a challenging structure-to-magnetism correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadwat Bazzi
- Department of Natural Sciences
- University of Michigan – Dearborn
- Dearborn
- USA
| | - Alexander J. Danke
- Department of Natural Sciences
- University of Michigan – Dearborn
- Dearborn
- USA
| | - Daniel B. Lawson
- Department of Natural Sciences
- University of Michigan – Dearborn
- Dearborn
- USA
| | - Maria Manoli
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cyprus
- 1678 Nicosia
- Cyprus
| | - Gregory M. Leitus
- Chemical Research Support Unit
- Weizmann Institute of Science
- 7610001 Rehovot
- Israel
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11
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Rogers FJM, Norcott PL, Coote ML. Recent advances in the chemistry of benzo[e][1,2,4]triazinyl radicals. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:8255-8277. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01394c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Benzo[e][1,2,4]triazinyl, or Blatter radicals, are stable free radicals with customisable magnetic, spectroscopic and electrochemical properties, and wide-ranging applications in synthesis and functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fergus J. M. Rogers
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science
- Research School of Chemistry
- Australian National University
- Canberra
- Australia
| | - Philip L. Norcott
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science
- Research School of Chemistry
- Australian National University
- Canberra
- Australia
| | - Michelle L. Coote
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science
- Research School of Chemistry
- Australian National University
- Canberra
- Australia
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12
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Constantinides CP, Lawson DB, Zissimou GA, Berezin AA, Mailman A, Manoli M, Kourtellaris A, Leitus GM, Clérac R, Tuononen HM, Koutentis PA. Polymorphism in a π stacked Blatter radical: structures and magnetic properties of 3-(phenyl)-1-(pyrid-2-yl)-1,4-dihydrobenzo[e][1,2,4]triazin-4-yl. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce00789g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The first polymorphism example in Blatter radicals, is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel B. Lawson
- Department of Natural Sciences
- University of Michigan-Dearborn
- Dearborn
- USA
| | | | | | - Aaron Mailman
- Department of Chemistry
- NanoScience Center
- University of Jyväskylä
- FI-40014 Jyväskylä
- Finland
| | - Maria Manoli
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cyprus
- 1678 Nicosia
- Cyprus
| | | | - Gregory M. Leitus
- Chemical Research Support Unit
- Weizmann Institute of Science
- 7610001 Rehovot
- Israel
| | - Rodolphe Clérac
- Univ. Bordeaux
- CNRS
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal
- 33600 Pessac
- France
| | - Heikki M. Tuononen
- Department of Chemistry
- NanoScience Center
- University of Jyväskylä
- FI-40014 Jyväskylä
- Finland
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13
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Cao LL, Zhou J, Qu Z, Stephan DW. Single Electron Transfer to Diazomethane-Borane Adducts Prompts C-H Bond Activations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:18487-18491. [PMID: 31589360 PMCID: PMC6972512 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201912338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
While (Ph2 CN2 )B(C6 F5 )3 is unstable, single electron transfer from Cp*2 Co affords the isolation of stable products [Cp*2 Co][Ph2 CNNHB(C6 F5 )3 ] 1 and [Cp*Co(C5 Me4 CH2 B(C6 F5 )3 )] 2. The analogous combination of Ph2 CN2 and BPh3 showed no evidence of adduct formation and yet single electron transfer from Cp*2 Cr affords the species [Cp*2 Cr][PhC(C6 H4 )NNBPh3 ] 3 and [Cp*2 Cr][Ph2 CNNHBPh3 ] 4. Computations showed both reactions proceed via transient radical anions of the diphenyldiazomethane-borane adducts to effect C-H bond activations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levy L. Cao
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto80 St. George St.TorontoOntarioM5S3H6Canada
| | - Jiliang Zhou
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto80 St. George St.TorontoOntarioM5S3H6Canada
| | - Zheng‐Wang Qu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical ChemistryInstitut für Physikalische und Theoretische ChemieRheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität BonnBeringstrasse 453115BonnGermany
| | - Douglas W. Stephan
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto80 St. George St.TorontoOntarioM5S3H6Canada
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14
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Cao LL, Zhou J, Qu Z, Stephan DW. Single Electron Transfer to Diazomethane–Borane Adducts Prompts C−H Bond Activations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201912338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Levy L. Cao
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto 80 St. George St. Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
| | - Jiliang Zhou
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto 80 St. George St. Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
| | - Zheng‐Wang Qu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical ChemistryInstitut für Physikalische und Theoretische ChemieRheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn Beringstrasse 4 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Douglas W. Stephan
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto 80 St. George St. Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
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15
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Pomikło D, Bodzioch A, Pietrzak A, Kaszyński P. C(3) Functional Derivatives of the Blatter Radical. Org Lett 2019; 21:6995-6999. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Pomikło
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, 90-363 Łódź, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Bodzioch
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, 90-363 Łódź, Poland
| | - Anna Pietrzak
- Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee 37132, United States
- Faculty of Chemistry, Łódź University of Technology, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Piotr Kaszyński
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, 90-363 Łódź, Poland
- Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee 37132, United States
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, 91-403 Łódź, Poland
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16
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Constantinides CP, Lawson DB, Berezin AA, Zissimou GA, Manoli M, Leitus GM, Koutentis PA. Ferromagnetic interactions in a 1D Heisenberg linear chain of 1-phenyl-3,7-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1,4-dihydro-1,2,4-benzotriazin-4-yls. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ce00739c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
1-Phenyl-3,7-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1,4-dihydro-1,2,4-benzotriazin-4-yl (2), was characterized by single crystal X-ray diffractometry and variable temperature SQUID magnetometry to investigate its structure-magnetism correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel B. Lawson
- Department of Natural Sciences
- University of Michigan – Dearborn
- Dearborn
- USA
| | | | | | - Maria Manoli
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cyprus
- 1678 Nicosia
- Cyprus
| | - Gregory M. Leitus
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Weizmann Institute of Science
- 76100 Rehovot
- Israel
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17
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Nasani R, Sidharth TNS, Roy S, Mondal A, Rawson JM, Konar S. Probing through-space and through-bond magnetic exchange couplings in a new benzotriazinyl radical and its metal complexes. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:14189-14200. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt01918a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A new Blatter radical and its Zn(ii) (1), Ni(ii) (2) and Co(ii) (3) complexes were isolated. Complex 1 exhibited radical⋯radical antiferromagnetic exchange coupling, whereas complexes 2 and 3 showed ferromagnetic metal–radical coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendar Nasani
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal
- Bhopal 462 066
- India
| | | | - Subhadip Roy
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal
- Bhopal 462 066
- India
| | - Arpan Mondal
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal
- Bhopal 462 066
- India
| | - Jeremy M. Rawson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry
- The University of Windsor
- Windsor
- CANADA
| | - Sanjit Konar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal
- Bhopal 462 066
- India
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18
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Zissimou GA, Kourtellaris A, Manoli M, Koutentis PA. Redox Active Quinoidal 1,2,4-Benzotriazines. J Org Chem 2018; 83:9391-9402. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgia A. Zissimou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Andreas Kourtellaris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Maria Manoli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
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Zissimou GA, Kourtellaris A, Koutentis PA. Synthesis and Characterization of Isodiphenylfluorindone and Isodiphenylfluorindinone. J Org Chem 2018; 83:4754-4761. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgia A. Zissimou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Andreas Kourtellaris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
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20
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Gardias A, Kaszyński P, Obijalska E, Trzybiński D, Domagała S, Woźniak K, Szczytko J. Magnetostructural Investigation of Orthogonal 1‐Aryl‐3‐Phenyl‐1,4‐Dihydrobenzo[
e
][1,2,4]triazin‐4‐yl Derivatives. Chemistry 2017; 24:1317-1329. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Gardias
- Institute of Experimental Physics Faculty of Physics University of Warsaw Pasteura 5 02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | - Piotr Kaszyński
- Centre for Molecular and Macromolecular Studies Polish Academy of Sciences Sienkiewicza 112 90-363 Łódź Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry University of Łódź Tamka 12 91-403 Łódź Poland
- Department of Chemistry Middle Tennessee State University Murfreesboro TN 37-132 USA
| | - Emilia Obijalska
- Faculty of Chemistry University of Łódź Tamka 12 91-403 Łódź Poland
| | - Damian Trzybiński
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre University of Warsaw 02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | - Sławomir Domagała
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre University of Warsaw 02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | - Krzysztof Woźniak
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre University of Warsaw 02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | - Jacek Szczytko
- Institute of Experimental Physics Faculty of Physics University of Warsaw Pasteura 5 02-093 Warsaw Poland
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21
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Kaszyński P, Constantinides CP, Young VG. The Planar Blatter Radical: Structural Chemistry of 1,4‐Dihydrobenzo[
e
][1,2,4]triazin‐4‐yls. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201605612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Kaszyński
- Center for Molecular and Macromolecular Studies Polish Academy of Sciences Sienkiewicza 112 90-363 Łódź Poland
- Department of Chemistry Middle Tennessee University Murfreesboro TN 37123 USA
- Faculty of Chemistry University of Łódź Tamka 12 91-403 Łódź Poland
| | | | - Victor G. Young
- X-ray Crystallographic Laboratory Department of Chemistry University of Minnesota Twin Cities MN 55455 USA
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22
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Kaszyński P, Constantinides CP, Young VG. The Planar Blatter Radical: Structural Chemistry of 1,4‐Dihydrobenzo[
e
][1,2,4]triazin‐4‐yls. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:11149-52. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201605612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Kaszyński
- Center for Molecular and Macromolecular Studies Polish Academy of Sciences Sienkiewicza 112 90-363 Łódź Poland
- Department of Chemistry Middle Tennessee University Murfreesboro TN 37123 USA
- Faculty of Chemistry University of Łódź Tamka 12 91-403 Łódź Poland
| | | | - Victor G. Young
- X-ray Crystallographic Laboratory Department of Chemistry University of Minnesota Twin Cities MN 55455 USA
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23
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The Suppression of Columnar π-Stacking in 3-Adamantyl-1-phenyl-1,4-dihydrobenzo[e][1,2,4]triazin-4-yl. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21050636. [PMID: 27187349 PMCID: PMC6273272 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21050636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
3-Adamantyl-1-phenyl-1,4-dihydrobenzo[e][1,2,4]triazin-4-yl (4) crystallizes as chains of radicals where the spin bearing benzotriazinyl moieties are isolated from each other. Magnetic susceptibility studies in the 5–300 K temperature region indicate that radical 4 demonstrates typical paramagnetic behavior stemming from non-interacting S = ½ spins.
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24
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Constantinides CP, Obijalska E, Kaszyński P. Access to 1,4-Dihydrobenzo[e][1,2,4]triazin-4-yl Derivatives. Org Lett 2016; 18:916-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b03528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Piotr Kaszyński
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Łódź, 91403 Łódź, Poland
- Center
of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, 90363 Łódź, Poland
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25
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Constantinides CP, Koutentis PA. Stable N- and N/S-Rich Heterocyclic Radicals. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aihch.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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26
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Morgan IS, Mansikkamäki A, Zissimou GA, Koutentis PA, Rouzières M, Clérac R, Tuononen HM. Coordination Complexes of a Neutral 1,2,4-Benzotriazinyl Radical Ligand: Synthesis, Molecular and Electronic Structures, and Magnetic Properties. Chemistry 2015; 21:15843-53. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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27
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Miura Y, Yoshioka N. π-Stacked structure of thiadiazolo-fused benzotriazinyl radical: Crystal structure and magnetic properties. Chem Phys Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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28
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Takahashi Y, Miura Y, Yoshioka N. Synthesis and properties of the 3-tert-butyl-7-trifluoromethyl-1,4-dihydro-1-phenyl-1,2,4-benzotriazin-4-yl radical. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj00393h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The novel 3-tert-benzotriazinyl radical carrying the trifluoromethyl group was synthesized and exhibited pure 1D ferromagnetic interaction in the columnar structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Takahashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
| | - Youhei Miura
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
| | - Naoki Yoshioka
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
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30
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Constantinides CP, Berezin AA, Zissimou GA, Manoli M, Leitus GM, Bendikov M, Probert MR, Rawson JM, Koutentis PA. A Magnetostructural Investigation of an Abrupt Spin Transition for 1-Phenyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1,4-dihydrobenzo[e][1,2,4]triazin-4-yl. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:11906-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja5063746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrey A. Berezin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Georgia A. Zissimou
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Maria Manoli
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Gregory M. Leitus
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michael Bendikov
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michael R. Probert
- School
of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1
7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy M. Rawson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
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31
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Takahashi Y, Miura Y, Yoshioka N. Introduction of Three Aryl Groups to Benzotriazinyl Radical by Suzuki–Miyaura Cross-coupling Reaction. CHEM LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.140335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Takahashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University
| | - Youhei Miura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University
| | - Naoki Yoshioka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University
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32
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Bodzioch A, Zheng M, Kaszyński P, Utecht G. Functional group transformations in derivatives of 1,4-dihydrobenzo[1,2,4]triazinyl radical. J Org Chem 2014; 79:7294-310. [PMID: 25068765 DOI: 10.1021/jo500898e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Transformations of functional groups OCOPh, OCH2Ph, I, NO2, and CO2Me in Blatter's radical derivatives 1-5 were investigated in order to develop synthetic tools for incorporation of the benzo[1,2,4]triazinyl system into complex molecular architectures. Thus, basic hydrolysis of OCOPh or Pd-catalyzed debenzylation of OCH2Ph gave phenol functionality, which was acylated and alkylated. Pd-catalyzed Suzuki, Negishi, Sonogashira, and Heck C-C cross-coupling reactions of iodo derivatives 1c, 1d, and 2d were also successful and efficient. Reduction of NO2 in 1e led to aniline derivative 1t, which was reductively alkylated with hexanal and coupled to l-proline. Selected benzo[1,2,4]triazinyl radicals were characterized by EPR and electronic absorption spectroscopy, and the results were analyzed in tandem with DFT computational methods. Lastly, the mechanism for formation of the 1,4-dihydrobenzo[1,2,4]triazine ring was investigated using the B3LYP/6-31G(2d,p) method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Bodzioch
- Organic Materials Research Group Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
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33
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Zheng Y, Miao MS, Kemei MC, Seshadri R, Wudl F. The Pyreno-Triazinyl Radical - Magnetic and Sensor Properties. Isr J Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201400034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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34
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Constantinides CP, Berezin AA, Manoli M, Leitus GM, Zissimou GA, Bendikov M, Rawson JM, Koutentis PA. Structural, Magnetic, and Computational Correlations of Some Imidazolo-Fused 1,2,4-Benzotriazinyl Radicals. Chemistry 2014; 20:5388-96. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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35
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Berezin AA, Koutentis PA. Ring contraction of 1,3-diphenylbenzo[1,2,4]triazinyl radicals to 1,2-diphenylbenzimidazoles. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:1641-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob42130a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Optimized conditions for the reductive ring contraction of benzotriazinyl radicals and related analogues afford benzimidazoles in near quantitative yields.
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36
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Constantinides CP, Berezin AA, Manoli M, Leitus GM, Bendikov M, Rawson JM, Koutentis PA. Effective exchange coupling in alternating-chains of a π-extended 1,2,4-benzotriazin-4-yl. NEW J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3nj01235b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Air stable 1,3,7-triphenyl-1,4-dihydrothiazolo[5′,4′:4,5]benzo[1,2-e][1,2,4]triazin-4-yl packs in 1D π stacks made of radical pairs with alternate short and long interplanar distances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria Manoli
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cyprus
- 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Gregory M. Leitus
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Weizmann Institute of Science
- 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michael Bendikov
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Weizmann Institute of Science
- 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jeremy M. Rawson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry
- University of Windsor
- Windsor, Canada N9B 3P4
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37
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Berezin AA, Zissimou G, Constantinides CP, Beldjoudi Y, Rawson JM, Koutentis PA. Route to Benzo- and Pyrido-Fused 1,2,4-Triazinyl Radicals via N′-(Het)aryl-N′-[2-nitro(het)aryl]hydrazides. J Org Chem 2013; 79:314-27. [DOI: 10.1021/jo402481t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A. Berezin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Georgia Zissimou
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Yassine Beldjoudi
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset
Avenue, Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4
| | - Jeremy M. Rawson
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset
Avenue, Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4
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38
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Constantinides CP, Carter E, Murphy DM, Manoli M, Leitus GM, Bendikov M, Rawson JM, Koutentis PA. Spin-triplet excitons in 1,3-diphenyl-7-(fur-2-yl)-1,4-dihydro-1,2,4-benzotriazin-4-yl. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:8662-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc44899a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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