Allylic C-H amination cross-coupling furnishes tertiary amines by electrophilic metal catalysis

Intermolecular cross-coupling of terminal olefins with secondary amines to form complex tertiary amines-a common motif in pharmaceuticals-remains a major challenge in chemical synthesis. Basic amine nucleophiles in nondirected, electrophilic metal-catalyzed aminations tend to bind to and thereby inhibit metal catalysts. We reasoned that an autoregulatory mechanism coupling the release of amine nucleophiles with catalyst turnover could enable functionalization without inhibiting metal-mediated heterolytic carbon-hydrogen cleavage. Here, we report a palladium(II)-catalyzed allylic carbon-hydrogen amination cross-coupling using this strategy, featuring 48 cyclic and acyclic secondary amines (10 pharmaceutically relevant cores) and 34 terminal olefins (bearing electrophilic functionality) to furnish 81 tertiary allylic amines, including 12 drug compounds and 10 complex drug derivatives, with excellent regio- and stereoselectivity (>20:1 linear:branched, >20:1 E:Z).

Catalysis and regioselectivity in hydrofunctionalization reactions of unsaturated carbon bonds. Part II. Hydroamination

This review continues consideration of the regioselectivity problem in the catalyzed hydrofunctionalization of unsaturated organic compounds and addresses hydroamination of unsaturated hydrocarbons. Particular parts of the review deal with reactions of alkenes, alkynes, allenes and dienes. It is shown that the selectivity of hydroamination depends on the natures of the reactants and the catalyst. Conditions of the reactions are described; in some cases, reaction mechanisms are discussed. Reactions for which divergent regioselectivity is possible are noted.

The bibliography includes 249 references.

Dedicated to the memory of V.V.Markovnikov.

Hydroamination of Aromatic Alkynes to Imines Catalyzed by Pd(II)-Anthraphos Complexes

Herein, we report the synthesis, characterization, and catalytic performance of cationic Pd(II)-Anthraphos complexes in the intermolecular hydroamination of aromatic alkynes with aromatic amines. The reaction proceeds with 0.18 mol % of catalyst loading, at 90 °C for 4 h under neat conditions. Good to excellent yields could be obtained for a broad range of amines and alkynes.

C-N Bond Formation from Allylic Alcohols via Cooperative Nickel and Titanium Catalysis

Amination of allylic alcohols is facilitated via cooperative catalysis. Catalytic Ti(O- i-Pr)₄ is shown to dramatically increase the rate of nickel-catalyzed allylic amination, and mechanistic experiments confirm activation of the allylic alcohol by titanium. Aminations of primary and secondary allylic alcohols are demonstrated with a variety of amine nucleophiles. Diene-containing substrates also cyclize onto the nickel allyl intermediate prior to amination, generating carbocyclic amine products. This tandem process is only achieved under our cooperative catalytic system.

Enantioselective Intermolecular Addition of Aliphatic Amines to Acyclic Dienes with a Pd-PHOX Catalyst

We report a method for the catalytic, enantioselective intermolecular addition of aliphatic amines to acyclic 1,3-dienes. In most cases, reactions proceed efficiently at or below room temperature in the presence of 5 mol % of a Pd catalyst bearing a PHOX ligand, generating allylic amines in up to 97:3 er. The presence of an electron-deficient phosphine within the ligand not only leads to a more active catalyst but also is critical for achieving high site selectivity in the transformation.

Room temperature hydroamination of alkynes with anilines catalyzed by anti-Bredt di(amino)carbene gold(i) complexes

Anti-Bredt di(amino)carbene gold(i) complexes are excellent precatalysts for the room temperature hydroamination of terminal alkynes with a variety anilines and hydrazines.

Highly efficient regioselective hydrosilylation of allenes using a [(3IP)Pd(allyl)]OTf catalyst; first example of allene hydrosilylation with phenyl- and diphenylsilane

A [(3IP)Pd(allyl)]OTf complex was shown to have high activity and regioselectively for allene hydrosilylation employing a wide range of silanes.